323:, the readily palpated sternal angle is thus used as a landmark to identify the 2nd rib, and by extension, by counting, also the remaining ribs. Meanwhile, the first rib cannot be used for this purpose because it cannot be palpated. Counting ribs is essential attempting to make a thoracic incision; an incision at the first or second rib interspace can result in damage to large, important blood vessels and the brachial plexus. Identification of the second rib and thus the second intercostal space inferiorly is useful when auscultating heart sounds. The optimal location for auscultation of the aortic valve is generally the right second intercostal space, whereas the optimal location for auscultation of the pulmonic valve is generally the left second intercostal space.
41:
29:
161:, presenting as either a slight body ridge or depression upon the upper chest wall which corresponds to the underlying manubriosternal joint. The sternal angle is palpable and often visible in young people.
215:
of thoracic vertebrae T3-T4. The horizontal plane that passes through the sternal angle and the articular disc between the 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae represents the imaginary boundary between the
164:
The sternal angle corresponds to the level of the 2nd costal cartilage on either side, and the level between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebra. The sternal angle is used to define the
106:
326:
The sternal angle is used as the starting point in physical examinations of the heart since the sternal angle is located 5 cm superior to the right atrium.
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The sternal angle marks the point at which the costal cartilage of either second rib articulates with the sternum. During
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The sternal angle is also called the angle of Louis, but the reason for that name was lost. Once thought to be after
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Anterior surface of sternum and costal cartilages. (Sternal angle not labeled, but visible at second
987:
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Susan
Standring; Neil R. Borley; et al., eds. (2008). "Chapter 54: Chest wall and breast".
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254:. The carina of the trachea is thus, present here. It is deep to the sternal angle.
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It is located approximately 7 cm inferior to the superior margin of the manubrium.
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Wilson, Herbert H. Srebnik ; illustrations by
Genevieve M. (2002).
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150:) is the projecting angle formed between the manubrium and body of a
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Passage of the thoracic duct from right to left behind esophagus
1051:
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Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice
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661:
at the SUNY Downstate
Medical Center - "Thoracic Wall: Bones"
535:(40th ed.). London: Churchill Livingstone. p. 922.
438:
Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, Anne M. R. (2017).
65:
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242:
Boundary between the superior and inferior portion of the
40:
28:
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Loop of left recurrent laryngeal nerve around aortic arch
188:
The sternal angle forms an angle of about 162° in males.
236:
The angle also marks the level of a number of features:
157:
The sternal angle is a palpable and visible landmark in
208:
T4-T5 or the lower border of the thoracic vertebra T4,
176:. It is also used to identify the second rib during
168:
which represents the imaginary boundary between the
466:
Clinical
Anatomy of the Spine, Spinal Cord, and Ans
442:(6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
381:
Clinical
Anatomy of the Spine, Spinal Cord, and Ans
229:The sternal angle is used in the definition of the
71:
angulus sterni, angulus sternalis, angulus
Ludovici
565:. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 70.
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196:It marks the approximate level of the 2nd pair of
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154:at their junction at the manubriosternal joint.
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307:The sternal angle is the most frequent site of
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630:Alberto Coscione; L. Dixon; H. Ellis (2013).
585:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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463:Cramer, Gregory D.; Darby, Susan A. (2014).
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180:and then the rest of the ribs by counting.
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315:Surface anatomy and physical examination
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469:(3rd ed.). Elsevier. p. 226.
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200:, (sources differ) the level of the
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342:, it is now believed to be after
384:. Elsevier. 2014. p. 226.
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605:Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011).
524:
491:
456:
372:
344:Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis
1:
366:
291:The beginning and end of the
899:Uncinate process of vertebra
800:Uncinate process of vertebra
498:Srebnik, Herbert H. (2012).
340:Wilhelm Friedrich von Ludwig
191:
7:
349:
10:
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1179:Superior thoracic aperture
440:Essential Clinical Anatomy
329:
263:The superior limit of the
211:and the space between the
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993:posterior sacral foramina
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508:10.1007/978-1-4615-0857-1
361:List of medical mnemonics
166:transverse thoracic plane
112:
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88:
76:
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59:
54:
38:
33:Lateral border of sternum
26:
21:
981:anterior sacral foramina
659:Anatomy photo:18:st-0212
148:manubriosternal junction
475:10.1016/c2009-0-42801-0
390:10.1016/c2009-0-42801-0
257:The bifurcation of the
16:Aspect of human anatomy
755:Intervertebral foramen
632:"The "Angle of Louis""
311:among elderly people.
114:Anatomical terminology
321:physical examinations
303:Clinical significance
285:Ligamentum arteriosum
1010:Lateral sacral crest
252:Tracheal bifurcation
221:inferior mediastinum
217:superior mediastinum
178:physical examination
174:inferior mediastinum
1219:Bones of the thorax
1005:Medial sacral crest
1000:Median sacral crest
563:Concepts in anatomy
500:Concepts in Anatomy
273:Termination of the
265:fibrous pericardium
202:intervertebral disc
134:(also known as the
1194:Infrasternal angle
1156:Xiphisternal joint
1136:Suprasternal notch
869:Thoracic vertebrae
859:Vertebra prominens
820:Posterior tubercle
805:Transverse foramen
792:Cervical vertebrae
279:superior vena cava
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1184:Intercostal space
1046:
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969:sacral tuberosity
952:sacral promontory
810:Anterior tubercle
750:Vertebral foramen
716:General structure
616:978-0-7295-3752-0
609:(12th ed.).
542:978-0-8089-2371-8
517:978-1-4615-0857-1
484:978-0-323-07954-9
399:978-0-323-07954-9
213:spinous processes
206:thoracic vertebra
198:costal cartilages
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909:Lumbar vertebrae
815:Carotid tubercle
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309:sternal fracture
267:surrounding the
144:angle of Ludovic
120:edit on Wikidata
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136:angle of Lewis
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645:(3): 190–192.
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782:Spinal canal
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83:A02.3.03.005
70:
293:aortic arch
275:azygos vein
244:mediastinum
60:Identifiers
1079:false ribs
927:mammillary
892:transverse
765:transverse
572:0792375394
367:References
1141:Manubrium
1074:true ribs
922:accessory
917:Processes
770:articular
760:Processes
708:Vertebrae
581:cite book
277:into the
192:Relations
1213:Category
1101:tubercle
1061:Rib cage
887:inferior
882:superior
350:See also
204:between
170:superior
1128:Sternum
775:spinous
733:pedicle
698:of the
330:History
184:Anatomy
152:sternum
55:Details
1052:Thorax
1032:Coccyx
939:Sacrum
738:lamina
613:
569:
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1096:angle
1091:Parts
825:Atlas
743:notch
700:torso
696:Bones
635:(PDF)
146:, or
118:[
66:Latin
1116:head
1111:neck
1069:Ribs
1039:none
947:Base
852:dens
847:Axis
728:Arch
723:Body
611:ISBN
587:link
567:ISBN
537:ISBN
512:ISBN
479:ISBN
444:ISBN
394:ISBN
219:and
172:and
130:The
107:7547
95:1133
78:TA98
504:doi
471:doi
386:doi
338:or
102:FMA
90:TA2
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
