661:
113:
696:, an elder member of the Standing Rock Sioux tribe, and her grandchildren established the Sacred Stone Camp to protest the DAPL, which they said threatens the upper Missouri River, the only water supply for the Standing Rock Reservation. The camp was on Allard's private land and served as a center for cultural preservation and spiritual resistance to the DAPL. Protests at the pipeline site in North Dakota began in the spring of 2016 and drew indigenous people from throughout North America, as well as many other supporters. It was the largest gathering of Native Tribes in the past 100 years. A number of planned arrests occurred when people locked themselves to heavy machinery in
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Sioux Tribe. The veterans vowed to oppose the pipeline and protect the land of the
American Indians and the water of the United States. Since August 2016, the total number of protesters arrested had surpassed 700, and on February 3, 2017, 39-year-old American Indian activist Chase Iron Eyes and more than 70 peaceably assembled protesters were arrested in a police raid ordered by the Trump administration, on charges of "inciting a riot" which is considered a felony and carries up to 5 years in prison. At that time more than 9.2 million Americans had signed a petition against DAPL.
799:
a few isolated comments raising insubstantial concerns. The many commenters in this case pointed to serious gaps in crucial parts of the Corps’ analysis — to name a few, that the pipeline's leak-detection system was unlikely to work, that it was not designed to catch slow spills, that the operator's serious history of incidents had not been taken into account, and that the worst-case scenario used by the Corps was potentially only a fraction of what a realistic figure would be." The case will continue, but in the meantime the pipeline is fully operational.
459:, often known as Custer's Last Stand, the most storied of the many encounters between the U.S. army and mounted Plains Native Americans. It was an overwhelming Native American victory. The U.S. with its superior resources was soon able to force the Native Americans to surrender, primarily by attacking and destroying their encampments and property. The Agreement of 1877 (19 Stat. 254, enacted February 28, 1877) officially annexed Sioux land and permanently established Native American reservations. Under the Agreement of 1877 the U.S. government
470:, an area that formerly encompassed the majority of the state. It reduced it and divided it into five smaller reservations. The government was accommodating white homesteaders from the eastern United States; in addition, it intended to "break up tribal relationships" and "conform Indians to the white man's ways, peaceably if they will, or forcibly if they must". On the reduced reservations, the government allocated family units on 320-acre (1.3 km) plots for individual households.
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graves and burial artifacts. The bulldozers arrived within a day from when the tribe filed legal action. When unarmed protesters moved near the bulldozers, the guards used pepper spray and guard dogs to attack the protesters. At least six protesters were treated for dog bites, and an estimated 30 protesters were pepper-sprayed before the security guards and their dogs exited the scene in trucks.
901:, made his first visit to a Native American reservation during the annual Cannon Ball Flag Day Celebration at Standing Rock. This was one of the few visits by a sitting American President to any Native American reservation. Some reservation residents felt that their specific concerns about treaty issues and government appropriations were not addressed.
798:
said the environmental analysis by both the companies behind the pipeline and the Corps was severely lacking. “In projects of this scope, it is not difficult for an opponent to find fault with many conclusions made by an operator and relied on by the agency, but here, there is considerably more than
766:
Dakota Access agreed to temporarily halt construction in parts of North Dakota, until
September 9, to help "keep the peace." When a federal judge denied the injunction sought by the tribe on the 9th, the Department of the Interior, Department of Justice, and the Department of the Army (which oversees
492:
The farming plan failed to take into account the difficulty that Lakota farmers would have in trying to cultivate crops in the semi-arid region of South Dakota. By the end of the 1890 growing season, a time of intense heat and low rainfall, it was clear that the land was unable to produce substantial
517:
Thousands of additional U.S. Army troops were deployed to the reservation. On
December 15, 1890, Sitting Bull was arrested for failing to stop his people from practicing the Ghost Dance. During his arrest, one of Sitting Bull's men, Catch the Bear, fired at Lieutenant "Bull Head", striking his right
778:
On
February 3, 2017, the Army Corps of Engineers announced that it would close lands where protesters were camped near Lake Oahe by February 22, 2017. Over 4,000 U.S. veterans under the name Veterans Stand were camped at Standing Rock along with hundreds of protesters as well as the members of the
746:
The pipeline construction company claimed they hired the security company because the protests had not been peaceful. The Morton County
Sheriff, Kyle Kirchmeier, described the September 3, 2016, protest, saying protesters crossed onto private property and attacked security guards with "wooden posts
742:
A number of planned arrests occurred when people locked themselves to heavy machinery. On
September 3, 2016, the DAPL brought in a private security firm. The company used bulldozers to dig up part of the pipeline route that was subject to a pending injunction motion; it contained possible Native
782:
On
February 7, 2017, the Trump administration authorized the Army Corps of Engineers to proceed, ending its environmental impact assessment and the associated public comment period. The pipeline was completed by April and its first oil was delivered on May 14, 2017.
489:; the schools taught English and Christianity, as well as American cultural practices. Generally, they forbade inclusion of Native American traditional culture and language. The children were beaten if they tried to do anything related to their native culture.
774:
In
January 2017, an executive order was issued by President Donald Trump to streamline the approval to construct the pipeline, on the basis of creating more jobs. The order provoked a new wave of protests and response from leaders of the Sioux tribe.
637:, forcing Native Americans to relocate from large areas to be flooded behind the dams. These dams were for flood control and hydroelectric power generation in the region. More than 200,000 acres (810 km) on the Standing Rock Reservation and the
351:
bands of Lakota Oyate and the
Ihunktuwona and Pabaksa bands of the Dakota Oyate," as well as the Hunkpatina Dakota (Lower Yanktonai). The Ihanktonwana Dakota are the Upper Yanktonai, part of the collective of Wiciyena. The sixth-largest
738:
By late
September, it was reported that there were over 300 federally recognized Native American tribes and an estimated 3,000 to 4,000 pipeline resistance supporters residing in the camp, with several thousand more on weekends.
2224:
513:
prepare the ascension robes for the Second Coming of the Savior, the United States Army is not put in motion to prevent them. Why should not the Indians have the same privilege? If the troops remain, trouble is sure to come."
735:. They launched an international campaign called ReZpect our Water. The activists argued that the pipeline, which goes from North Dakota to Illinois, would jeopardize the water source of the reservation, the Missouri River.
770:
On the weekend of December 2, 2016, approximately 2000 United States military veterans arrived in North Dakota in support of the activists. The veterans pledged to form a human shield to protect the protesters from police.
549:
According to its constitution, Standing Rock's governing body is the elected 17-member Tribal Council, including the Tribal Chairman, Vice Chairman, Secretary, and 14 representatives. As of 2022, the current chairwoman is
1769:
807:
A video was aired on June 22, 2017, showing how people were treated as part of the pipeline protest in September 2016, which included evidence of Dakota Access guard dogs with bloody mouths after attacking protesters.
762:
gave the order to halt the construction of the pipeline until further environmental assessments had taken place. There was no evidence of what role President Obama himself may or may not have played in this decision.
730:
In the summer of 2016, a group of young activists from Standing Rock ran from North Dakota to Washington, D.C., to present a petition in protest of the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline, which is part of the
1560:
454:
was a series of battles and negotiations that occurred between 1876 and 1877, with the Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne warring against the United States. Among the many battles and skirmishes of the war was the
1914:
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filmed the incident, which she published in support of opposition to the pipeline. Following the publishing of her video, North Dakota Police issued an arrest warrant for Goodman under accusations of Criminal
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the Corps of Engineers) stepped in, halting construction of the pipeline around Lake Oahe, 20 miles (32 km) either side of the Lake, but not halting the project altogether.
509:, saw nothing extraordinary in the dances and ridiculed the panic that seemed to have overcome the agencies, saying: "The coming of the troops has frightened the Indians. If the
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961:(1954–2002), was a Hunkpapa Lakota photographer, poet, writer, and human rights activist in the fields of lesbian/gay rights, women's rights and Native American rights.
485:, they were expected to farm and raise livestock. With the goal of assimilation, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, they were forced to send their children to
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The Hunkpapa who lived in Sitting Bull's camp and relatives fled to the south. They joined the Big Foot Band in Cherry Creek, South Dakota, before traveling to the
1397:
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on December 29, 1890. The 7th Cavalry, claiming they were trying to disarm the Lakota people, killed 300 people, including women and children at Wounded Knee.
848:
protested at the site, including spray painting equipment; charges of criminal trespass and criminal mischief were made against both her and her running mate
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689:
was denied as being deemed too risky for Bismarck's water supplies. The tribe opposed the pipeline to be constructed under Lake Oahe and the Missouri River.
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885:. Analysts believed the company was trying to deter further protests. The Standing Rock Nation said that the Meyers had permitted activists on their land.
126:
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agricultural yields. As the bison had been virtually eradicated a few years earlier, the Lakota were at risk of starvation. The people turned to the
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As of 2015, poverty remains a problem for the displaced populations in the Dakotas. They have sought compensation for their towns submerged under
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1993:
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2098:
1946:
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860:
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1965:
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Two days later Energy Transfer Partners purchased the property where protests were being staged, from David and Brenda Meyer of
446:. The United States government wanted to buy or rent the Black Hills from the Lakota people, but led by their spiritual leader
2638:
1334:"No Man's Land: The Last Tribes of the Plains. As industry closes in, Native Americans fight for dignity and natural resources"
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asked for more troops. He claimed that spiritual leader Sitting Bull was the real leader of the movement. A former agent,
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They serve terms of four years, with elections providing for staggered replacement of members. Six members are elected
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Shortly thereafter, on September 7, 2016, after the federal court denied the tribe's request for an injunction, the
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27:
1192:
Wallace, Anthony F. C. "Revitalization Movements: Some Theoretical Considerations for Their Comparative Study",
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side. He instantly wheeled and shot Sitting Bull, hitting him in the left side, and both men subsequently died.
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2182:
995:
791:
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The reservation has a land area of 3,571.9 square miles (9,251.2 km), twice the size of the U.S. State of
20:
1509:
2600:
2575:
2162:"Bernie Sanders pledges 'end of the exploitation of Native American people' in fight against Dakota pipeline"
2141:"#NoDAPL: Arrest Warrants Issued for Green Party's Stein, Baraka for Standing With Standing Rock Sioux Tribe"
420:
3443:
3933:
3374:
2580:
704:
685:(DAPL) was rerouted near the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation after a proposed route near the state capital
510:
456:
369:
209:
435:, considered by the Sioux to be sacred land, are located in the center of territory awarded to the tribe.
3564:
3322:
3142:
2883:
2670:
1044:
712:
419:. The peoples were highly decentralized. In 1868 the lands of the Great Sioux Nation were reduced in the
361:
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201:
64:
1444:
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638:
592:
365:
357:
205:
189:
4027:
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3420:
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2957:
2078:"Video: Dakota Access Pipeline Company Attacks Native American Protesters with Dogs and Pepper Spray"
724:
693:
541:
392:
384:
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3235:
3216:
3054:
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2813:
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599:
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97:
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in Geneva, testifying about the United States' violation of treaties with regard to this project.
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1699:
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467:
451:
387:. There are 15,568 enrolled members of the tribe. The largest communities on the reservation are
373:
2668:
747:
and flag poles." He said, "Any suggestion that today's event was a peaceful protest, is false."
3192:
3034:
2933:
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2711:
2692:
686:
682:
668:
606:
562:
522:
506:
460:
2183:"Bernie Sanders on the Dakota Access Pipeline and Treaty Rights Violations by U.S. Government"
466:
In February 1890, the United States government broke another Lakota treaty by breaking up the
3511:
3481:
3089:
2823:
2803:
2778:
1561:"Dakota Access Pipeline: Three Federal Agencies Side With Standing Rock Sioux, Demand Review"
1207:
928:
882:
530:
2022:"Court sides with tribes in Dakota Access Pipeline case, ordering full environmental review"
3681:
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3571:
3415:
3396:
3329:
3149:
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3011:
2890:
2818:
2798:
2054:
2026:
1874:
1704:
910:
853:
261:
8:
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3496:
3290:
3245:
3064:
2808:
2788:
2768:
2232:
2166:
2145:
1529:
1507:
1425:
1272:
958:
2225:"As Obama makes rare presidential visit to Indian reservation, past U.S. betrayals loom"
1532:"Memorandum in Support of Motion for Preliminary Injunction Expedited Hearing Requested"
1092:
Impacts of an Oil Spill from the Dakota Access Pipeline on the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe
4001:
3866:
3526:
3104:
2833:
2555:
2471:
2350:
1807:
1749:"'Is That Not Genocide?' Pipeline Co. Bulldozing Burial Sites Prompts Emergency Motion"
1645:
1598:
1000:
697:
416:
2374:"Dave Archambault II Defeated for Chairman of Standing Rock Sioux Tribe by Mike Faith"
1310:
1250:
4088:
4083:
2496:
2124:
1770:"'And Then the Dogs Came': Dakota Access Gets Violent, Destroys Graves, Sacred Sites"
1678:
1213:
976:
964:
952:
934:
251:
2120:"Bill McKibben: Hillary Clinton needs to take a stand on the Dakota Access Pipeline"
1464:
821:. Goodman responded, "This is an unacceptable violation of freedom of the press..."
3897:
3891:
3791:
871:
864:
588:
439:
1398:"Why the Founder of Standing Rock Sioux Camp Can't Forget the Whitestone Massacre"
949:(1928–2001), Lakota educator and advocate of Native American language preservation
4078:
2292:
1158:
833:
732:
526:
344:
328:
53:
3981:
3966:
3956:
3913:
3831:
3796:
2320:"Standing Rock Sioux Takes Pipeline Fight to UN Human Rights Council in Geneva"
2260:
2082:
1849:
1828:
1126:
946:
898:
875:
856:
809:
795:
630:
481:, and their Plains Native American culture was based strongly upon buffalo and
474:
424:
1991:
1025:
786:
The tribe sued and in March 2020 a federal judge sided with them and ordered
4047:
3986:
3961:
3871:
3776:
3736:
2187:
1753:
1674:"These Native American Youths Are Running 2,000 Miles to Protect Their Water"
1493:
1421:"Showdown over oil pipeline becomes a national movement for Native Americans"
940:
664:
482:
293:
141:
128:
117:
Standing Rock Reservation straddles the border between North and South Dakota
2099:"North Dakota arrest warrant for Amy Goodman raises fears for press freedom"
1530:
Standing Rock Sioux Tribe v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (August 4, 2016).
442:
and his 7th Cavalry entered the Black Hills and discovered gold, starting a
3976:
3971:
3951:
3836:
3826:
3821:
3801:
2559:
2550:
2475:
2466:
2103:
1508:
Standing Rock Sioux Tribe v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (July 27, 2016).
982:
922:
894:
849:
837:
447:
428:
340:
336:
177:
173:
1947:"Bakken pipeline opposition presents petitions to U.S. Justice Department"
1720:"Dakota Pipeline Company Buys Ranch Near Sioux Protest Site, Records Show"
1489:"'World Watching' as Tribal Members Put Bodies in Path of Dakota Pipeline"
3991:
3928:
3751:
3666:
3555:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
3389:
3313:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
3209:
3133:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
2950:
2874:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
2685:
2069:
1594:"Occupying the Prairie: Tensions Rise as Tribes Move to Block a Pipeline"
1286:"Standing Rock Constitution, approved 1958, with amendments through 2008"
970:
916:
813:
494:
432:
1915:"Moments After Judge Denies DAPL Injunction, Federal Agencies Intervene"
1357:
863:
candidate, publicly spoke out against the pipeline and in favor of the "
707:
to stop building the pipeline. In April 2016, three federal agencies --
3786:
3781:
3656:
2852:
1906:
845:
168:
2204:"Standing Rock Sioux takes pipeline fight to United Nations in Geneva"
1632:
415:
bands, the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe is part of what was known as the
3876:
3841:
3746:
3721:
3255:
2279:
1970:
649:
443:
242:
76:
667:
man locks himself to construction equipment to stop progress of the
3861:
3811:
3766:
3756:
3741:
3731:
3716:
3696:
3671:
3661:
3651:
2323:
2208:
1992:
Athena Jones, Jeremy Diamond and Gregory Krieg (January 24, 2017).
1894:
1723:
1469:
867:." A variety of Hollywood celebrities also supported the protests.
818:
642:
558:
412:
408:
380:
348:
276:
2090:
1994:"Trump advances controversial oil pipelines with executive action"
1552:
3881:
3856:
3761:
3701:
3676:
3646:
3636:
2256:"The President and First Lady's Historic Visit to Indian Country"
1899:
1008:, a tribe-operated casino on the Standing Rock Indian reservation
583:
2428:
1794:
1539:
In the United States District Court for the District of Columbia
1517:
In the United States District Court for the District of Columbia
3816:
3771:
3711:
3686:
3641:
2423:
1686:
1482:
1480:
1457:
671:
near the Standing Rock Reservation in North Dakota, Summer 2016
372:
counties in South Dakota, along their northern county lines at
1870:"Obama administration orders ND pipeline construction to stop"
1641:"Standing Rock tribe sues over Dakota Access pipeline permits"
979:, academic administrator and president of Sitting Bull College
967:, academic administrator and president of Sitting Bull College
840:
made no comments during the campaign regarding the DAPL. 2016
703:
The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe filed an injunction against the
3846:
3726:
3691:
2631:
No reservation in the state, trust lands or legal status only
2247:
1890:"Company Agrees to Halt N. Dakota Pipeline Work Until Friday"
1742:
1740:
1695:"Standing Rock Sioux sues Corps over Bakken pipeline permits"
787:
268:
247:
3614:
1966:"2,000 veterans to give protesters a break at Standing Rock"
1861:
1477:
3918:
3851:
3806:
3706:
3407:
3227:
3003:
2968:
2737:
2703:
2396:"Josephine Gates Kelly fought for the rights of her people"
2272:
1854:
1836:
1438:
1436:
1149:
1147:
478:
312:
1815:
1803:"North Dakota Oil Pipeline Battle: Who's Fighting and Why"
1737:
1523:
2297:
2216:
2132:
2111:
1998:
1882:
1412:
1395:
1040:
723:
of the pipeline. In August 2016, protests were held near
545:
Standing Rock Administrative Service building, Fort Yates
2365:
2288:"Sioux Reservation Has Mixed Feelings About Obama Visit"
1939:
1433:
1144:
1026:
Dakota Language Star Spangled Banner with Substitles.wmv
2174:
2153:
1761:
802:
497:
ritual, which frightened the supervising agents of the
1585:
356:
in land area in the US, Standing Rock includes all of
2343:
1501:
1035:
1033:
438:
In 1874, in direct violation of the treaty, General
2311:
1665:
19:"Standing Rock" redirects here. For other uses, see
1445:"Dakota Access Blackout Continues on ABC, NBC News"
2195:
2050:"Court cancels shutdown of Dakota Access Pipeline"
1030:
343:in the United States, and is inhabited by ethnic "
2317:
1717:
1510:"Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief"
937:(1923–2005), scholar, anthropologist and educator
450:, they refused to sell or rent their lands. The
4064:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
4045:
1845:"Remarks by President Obama at YSEALI Town Hall"
1071:. U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Affairs
919:(1820–1888), peace activist, trader and diplomat
529:. The 7th Cavalry caught them at a place called
35:Native American reservation in the United States
16:Native American reservation in the United States
2337:
1465:"Life in the Native American oil protest camps"
1396:Bravebull Allard, LaDonna (September 3, 2016).
1063:
1061:
1615:"Rezpect our water: Teens run for clean water"
870:On September 20, 2016, Standing Rock Chairman
3600:
3358:
3259:Map of North Dakota highlighting Sioux County
3178:
2919:
2654:
2533:
2449:
2371:
1768:Manning, Sarah Sunshine (September 4, 2016).
1389:
752:United States Environmental Protection Agency
395:(both located in Northern Standing Rock) and
4059:American Indian reservations in South Dakota
4054:American Indian reservations in North Dakota
2286:Montagne, Renee; Kent, Jim (June 13, 2014).
2285:
1058:
652:, and the loss of traditional ways of life.
95:
75:
45:
2139:Kirsten, West Savali (September 10, 2016).
1558:
1249:. Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk. Archived from
1212:. University of Chicago Press. p. 18.
1157:. Standing Rock Sioux Tribe. Archived from
1089:
536:
3607:
3593:
3431:
3365:
3351:
3185:
3171:
2926:
2912:
2661:
2647:
2540:
2526:
2456:
2442:
1824:"A Pipeline Fight and America's Dark Past"
1692:
1365:"BACKGROUND ON THE DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE"
874:addressed the Human Rights Council of the
461:took the Black Hills from the Sioux Nation
383:, and has a population of 8,217 as of the
4099:Geography of Ziebach County, South Dakota
2393:
2344:Archambault II, David (August 24, 2016).
1450:Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR)
1442:
1209:The Reckless Decade: America in the 1890s
904:
760:Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
717:Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
655:
224:3,571.9 sq mi (9,251.2 km)
4069:Geography of Corson County, South Dakota
3615:Political divisions of the United States
2318:Medina, Daniel A. (September 20, 2016).
2202:Medina, Daniel A. (September 20, 2016).
2117:
1963:
1821:
1746:
1718:Medina, Daniel A. (September 23, 2016).
1711:
1638:
756:United States Department of the Interior
659:
540:
473:Although the Lakota were historically a
4094:Geography of Sioux County, North Dakota
4074:Geography of Dewey County, South Dakota
2228:(Includes video of President's address)
2180:
2138:
2075:
2019:
1912:
1767:
1612:
1090:Faith (Jr.), Mike (February 21, 2018).
931:(1888–1976), Tribal Chairman, 1946–1951
616:
4046:
2253:
2222:
2201:
2159:
2047:
1964:Eversley, Melanie (December 2, 2016).
1913:Taliman, Valerie (September 9, 2016).
1747:McCauley, Lauren (September 5, 2016).
1671:
1486:
1338:MSNBC - Geography of Poverty Northwest
1205:
3588:
3346:
3166:
2907:
2642:
2521:
2437:
2096:
1867:
1842:
1800:
1591:
1487:Fulton, Deirdre (September 1, 2016).
1443:Naureckas, Jim (September 22, 2016).
1275:, 1917, Bismarck Tribune, Bismarck ND
888:
399:(located in Southern Standing Rock).
2372:Rickert, Levi (September 28, 2017).
2160:Weigel, David (September 14, 2016).
2118:McKibben, Bill (September 7, 2016).
1822:McKibben, Bill (September 6, 2016).
1418:
1121:
1119:
861:2016 Democratic presidential primary
803:Media attention and public awareness
709:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
641:in South Dakota were flooded by the
2020:Beitsch, Rebecca (March 25, 2020).
1843:Obama, Barack (September 7, 2016).
1693:MacPherson, James (July 30, 2016).
13:
3430:
3373:Municipalities and communities of
3254:
3193:Municipalities and communities of
2991:
2934:Municipalities and communities of
2725:
2669:Municipalities and communities of
2394:Eriksmoen, Curt (March 28, 2010).
2181:Goodman, Amy (November 29, 2016).
2076:Goodman, Amy (September 4, 2016).
1920:Indian Country Today Media Network
1868:Henry, Devin (September 9, 2016).
1775:Indian Country Today Media Network
1566:Indian Country Today Media Network
1541:(1:16-cv-1534-JEB). Archived from
955:(1933–2005), activist and essayist
14:
4115:
3535:Cheyenne River Indian Reservation
3113:Cheyenne River Indian Reservation
2417:
2346:"Taking a Stand at Standing Rock"
2097:Levin, Sam (September 12, 2016).
2048:Frazin, Rachel (August 5, 2020).
1639:Amundson, Barry (July 29, 2016).
1613:GARDNER, KAREN (August 2, 2016).
1116:
1006:Prairie Knights Casino and Resort
635:Pick–Sloan Missouri Basin Program
335:) lies across the border between
3541:Standing Rock Indian Reservation
3299:Standing Rock Indian Reservation
3119:Standing Rock Indian Reservation
2842:Standing Rock Indian Reservation
2549:
2465:
1672:Dunlap, Tiare (August 5, 2016).
111:
2387:
2254:Thiele, Raina (June 20, 2014).
2223:Zezima, Katie (June 13, 2014).
2041:
2013:
1985:
1957:
1801:Healy, Jack (August 26, 2016).
1606:
1592:Healy, Jack (August 23, 2016).
1419:Helm, Joe (September 7, 2016).
1331:
1325:
1303:
1278:
1265:
1239:
1226:
794:. In a 42-page decision Judge
677:Dakota Access Pipeline protests
237:8,217 (15,568 total enrollment)
28:Dakota Access Pipeline protests
3623:List of states and territories
1559:ICTMN Staff (April 28, 2016).
1271:"The Taming of the Sioux", by
1199:
1186:
1173:
1083:
1019:
996:Cedar River National Grassland
792:environmental impact statement
721:Environmental Impact Statement
21:Standing Rock (disambiguation)
1:
1012:
629:built five large dams on the
3376:Ziebach County, South Dakota
985:(b. 1992), basketball player
913:, Tribal Chairman, 2013–2017
897:, accompanied by First Lady
705:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
561:and eight from the regional
457:Battle of the Little Bighorn
7:
4010:List of Indian reservations
2672:Corson County, South Dakota
1519:(1:16-cv-01534-Document 1).
1045:United States Census Bureau
989:
713:U.S. Department of Interior
364:, plus slivers of northern
362:Corson County, South Dakota
354:Native American reservation
65:Native American reservation
10:
4120:
3196:Sioux County, North Dakota
2937:Dewey County, South Dakota
674:
639:Cheyenne River Reservation
402:
358:Sioux County, North Dakota
325:Standing Rock Reservation
25:
18:
4104:Standing Rock Sioux Tribe
4020:International concessions
4018:
4000:
3942:
3904:
3890:
3629:
3620:
3560:
3550:
3525:
3495:
3472:
3442:
3428:
3406:
3387:
3318:
3308:
3289:
3266:
3252:
3226:
3207:
3138:
3128:
3103:
3063:
3020:
3002:
2989:
2967:
2948:
2879:
2869:
2851:
2832:
2787:
2754:
2736:
2723:
2702:
2683:
2629:
2566:
2482:
1247:"Sitting Bull: Biography"
1131:Standing Rock Sioux Tribe
943:, poet, editor and author
725:Cannon Ball, North Dakota
694:LaDonna Brave Bull Allard
307:
299:
287:
275:
258:
241:
233:
228:
220:
215:
195:
183:
167:
157:
122:
110:
105:(used for some occasions)
98:Wapaha kiŋ kekah'boyaŋhan
91:
71:
62:
42:Standing Rock Reservation
40:
3924:Northern Mariana Islands
1097:(Report). Archived from
925:, Hunkpapa Lakota leader
893:In June 2014, President
832:presidential candidates
537:Governance and districts
499:Bureau of Indian Affairs
423:to the east side of the
102:" and "Lakota Flag Song"
1700:The Des Moines Register
1619:The Frederick News-Post
1196:n.s. 58(2):264-81. 1956
1194:American Anthropologist
1155:"ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE"
844:presidential candidate
623:Army Corps of Engineers
563:single-member districts
468:Great Sioux Reservation
452:Great Sioux War of 1876
332:
96:
46:
3436:
3260:
2996:
2730:
1069:"Standing Rock Agency"
905:Notable tribal members
683:Dakota Access Pipeline
672:
669:Dakota Access Pipeline
656:Dakota Access Pipeline
633:, and implemented the
546:
523:Pine Ridge Reservation
511:Seventh-Day Adventists
507:Valentine McGillycuddy
503:Agent James McLaughlin
427:and the state line of
303:$ 191.9 Million (2018)
142:45.75000°N 101.20000°W
83:Seal as of August 2016
80:
26:For the protests, see
3434:
3258:
2995:
2729:
2424:Standing Rock website
1953:. September 15, 2016.
1313:. Standing Rock Tribe
1291:. Standing Rock Tribe
1206:Brands, H.W. (2002).
1041:"U.S. Census website"
929:Josephine Gates Kelly
883:Flasher, North Dakota
675:Further information:
663:
627:Bureau of Reclamation
544:
260: • Summer (
197:South Dakota Counties
185:North Dakota Counties
79:
3573:United States portal
3331:United States portal
3151:United States portal
2892:United States portal
1902:. September 7, 2016.
1782:on December 13, 2016
1705:The Associated Press
1573:on September 4, 2016
1473:. September 2, 2016.
1377:on September 9, 2016
1104:on November 12, 2019
911:David Archambault II
617:Environmental issues
147:45.75000; -101.20000
4002:Indian reservations
3934:U.S. Virgin Islands
3566:South Dakota portal
3527:Indian reservations
3324:North Dakota portal
3291:Indian reservations
3144:South Dakota portal
3105:Indian reservations
2885:South Dakota portal
2556:Indian reservations
2472:Indian reservations
2233:The Washington Post
2167:The Washington Post
1927:on December 7, 2016
1653:on November 3, 2016
1426:The Washington Post
1273:Frank Bennett Fiske
973:(b. 1961), novelist
959:Barbara May Cameron
872:Dave Archambault II
421:Fort Laramie Treaty
138: /
3437:
3435:Ziebach County map
3261:
2997:
2834:Indian reservation
2731:
2351:The New York Times
1808:The New York Times
1646:Grand Forks Herald
1599:The New York Times
1548:on August 7, 2016.
1001:Gertrude McDermott
889:Presidential visit
719:—requested a full
698:civil disobedience
692:On April 1, 2016,
673:
621:In the 1960s, the
547:
417:Great Sioux Nation
407:Together with the
234: • Total
81:
4041:
4040:
3582:
3581:
3340:
3339:
3160:
3159:
3045:North Eagle Butte
2901:
2900:
2636:
2635:
2596:Northern Cheyenne
2515:
2514:
2273:National Archives
2125:Los Angeles Times
1855:National Archives
977:Laurel Vermillion
965:Tomi Kay Phillips
953:Vine Deloria, Jr.
935:Beatrice Medicine
431:in the west. The
321:
320:
221: • Land
106:
4111:
3944:Outlying islands
3898:Washington, D.C.
3892:Federal district
3609:
3602:
3595:
3586:
3585:
3574:
3567:
3433:
3399:
3392:
3382:
3377:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3332:
3325:
3257:
3219:
3212:
3202:
3197:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3152:
3145:
2994:
2960:
2953:
2943:
2938:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2893:
2886:
2728:
2695:
2688:
2678:
2673:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2640:
2639:
2554:
2553:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2470:
2469:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2435:
2434:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2400:Bismarck Tribune
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2229:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1923:. Archived from
1910:
1904:
1903:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1778:. Archived from
1765:
1759:
1758:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1649:. Archived from
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1569:. Archived from
1556:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1536:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1370:. Archived from
1369:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1340:. Archived from
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1311:"Tribal Council"
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1290:
1282:
1276:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1243:
1237:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1203:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1151:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1103:
1096:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1037:
1028:
1023:
865:water protectors
859:from Vermont, a
589:Running Antelope
487:boarding schools
440:George A. Custer
333:Íŋyaŋ Woslál Háŋ
317:
314:
265:
153:
152:
150:
149:
148:
143:
139:
136:
135:
134:
131:
115:
104:
101:
57:
49:
47:Íŋyaŋ Woslál Háŋ
38:
37:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4014:
3996:
3938:
3900:
3886:
3625:
3616:
3613:
3583:
3578:
3572:
3565:
3556:
3546:
3521:
3498:
3491:
3468:
3445:
3438:
3426:
3402:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3380:
3375:
3371:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3323:
3314:
3304:
3285:
3262:
3250:
3222:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3161:
3156:
3150:
3143:
3134:
3124:
3099:
3066:
3059:
3016:
2998:
2992:
2987:
2963:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2884:
2875:
2865:
2847:
2828:
2790:
2783:
2750:
2732:
2726:
2721:
2698:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2637:
2632:
2625:
2616:Turtle Mountain
2562:
2548:
2546:
2516:
2511:
2507:Turtle Mountain
2478:
2464:
2462:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2356:
2354:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2293:Morning Edition
2284:
2280:
2266:
2264:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2227:
2221:
2217:
2200:
2196:
2179:
2175:
2158:
2154:
2137:
2133:
2116:
2112:
2095:
2091:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1962:
1958:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1911:
1907:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1866:
1862:
1841:
1837:
1820:
1816:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1766:
1762:
1745:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1716:
1712:
1691:
1687:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1611:
1607:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1557:
1553:
1545:
1534:
1528:
1524:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1485:
1478:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1441:
1434:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1400:. Yes! Magazine
1394:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1347:
1345:
1344:on May 18, 2020
1332:Lee, Trymaine.
1330:
1326:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1253:on May 25, 2012
1245:
1244:
1240:
1234:The Ghost Dance
1231:
1227:
1220:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1187:
1181:The Ghost Dance
1178:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1161:on June 6, 2017
1153:
1152:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1020:
1015:
992:
907:
891:
834:Hillary Clinton
805:
733:Bakken pipeline
679:
658:
619:
539:
527:Chief Red Cloud
405:
311:
283:
259:
208:
204:
176:
146:
144:
140:
137:
132:
129:
127:
125:
124:
118:
103:
93:
87:
86:
85:
84:
67:
58:
51:
43:
36:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4117:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4028:Guantanamo Bay
4024:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4006:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3982:Navassa Island
3979:
3974:
3969:
3967:Johnston Atoll
3964:
3959:
3957:Howland Island
3954:
3948:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3914:American Samoa
3910:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3832:South Carolina
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3797:North Carolina
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3589:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3569:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3538:
3531:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3440:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3370:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3347:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3327:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3190:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3167:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3147:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3116:
3109:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3069:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2908:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2888:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2857:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
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3977:Midway Atoll
3972:Kingman Reef
3952:Baker Island
3929:Puerto Rico
3837:South Dakota
3827:Rhode Island
3822:Pennsylvania
3802:North Dakota
3540:
3517:Red Scaffold
3487:Cherry Creek
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2774:Little Eagle
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2560:South Dakota
2501:
2476:North Dakota
2405:November 18,
2403:. Retrieved
2399:
2389:
2377:. Retrieved
2367:
2355:. Retrieved
2349:
2339:
2327:. Retrieved
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2291:
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2271:– via
2265:. Retrieved
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2237:. Retrieved
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2104:The Guardian
2102:
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2071:
2059:. Retrieved
2053:
2043:
2031:. Retrieved
2025:
2015:
2003:. Retrieved
1997:
1987:
1977:November 18,
1975:. Retrieved
1969:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1925:the original
1918:
1908:
1893:
1884:
1873:
1863:
1853:– via
1848:
1838:
1827:
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1786:September 6,
1784:. Retrieved
1780:the original
1773:
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1655:. Retrieved
1651:the original
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1618:
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1575:. Retrieved
1571:the original
1564:
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1543:the original
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1503:
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1468:
1459:
1448:
1424:
1414:
1402:. Retrieved
1391:
1379:. Retrieved
1372:the original
1359:
1346:. Retrieved
1342:the original
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1327:
1315:. Retrieved
1305:
1293:. Retrieved
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1255:. Retrieved
1251:the original
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1208:
1201:
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1188:
1180:
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
1159:the original
1136:September 5,
1134:. Retrieved
1130:
1108:September 5,
1106:. Retrieved
1099:the original
1085:
1073:. Retrieved
1048:. Retrieved
1021:
983:Kyrie Irving
923:Sitting Bull
895:Barack Obama
892:
880:
869:
850:Ajamu Baraka
838:Donald Trump
823:
806:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
749:
745:
741:
737:
729:
702:
691:
680:
647:
620:
605:Rock Creek (
593:Little Eagle
556:
552:Janet Alkire
548:
531:Wounded Knee
520:
516:
491:
472:
465:
448:Sitting Bull
437:
429:South Dakota
406:
378:
341:South Dakota
324:
322:
313:standingrock
206:Dewey County
190:Sioux County
178:South Dakota
174:North Dakota
32:
3992:Wake Island
3906:Territories
3752:Mississippi
3667:Connecticut
3507:Glad Valley
3499:communities
3446:territories
3444:Unorganized
3421:Eagle Butte
3391:County seat
3276:Cannon Ball
3211:County seat
3067:communities
3030:Green Grass
2983:Timber Lake
2977:Eagle Butte
2959:Timber Lake
2952:County seat
2791:communities
2687:County seat
2591:Lower Brule
2497:Spirit Lake
2357:October 26,
2329:October 26,
2061:December 4,
1624:December 4,
1317:January 20,
1050:December 2,
971:Susan Power
917:Eagle Woman
842:Green Party
814:Amy Goodman
812:journalist
754:(EPA), the
495:Ghost Dance
433:Black Hills
393:Cannon Ball
385:2010 census
145: /
4048:Categories
3867:Washington
3787:New Mexico
3782:New Jersey
3657:California
3236:Fort Yates
3218:Fort Yates
3055:Whitehorse
3050:Swift Bird
2861:Maple Leaf
2853:Ghost town
2814:Trail City
2746:Morristown
2717:McLaughlin
2601:Pine Ridge
2576:Crow Creek
2379:January 9,
1951:Radio Iowa
1295:October 1,
1165:October 2,
1013:References
854:US Senator
846:Jill Stein
830:Republican
826:Democratic
612:Cannonball
600:McLaughlin
570:Fort Yates
477:living in
397:McLaughlin
389:Fort Yates
374:Highway 20
229:Population
133:101°12′0″W
3877:Wisconsin
3842:Tennessee
3747:Minnesota
3722:Louisiana
3551:Footnotes
3309:Footnotes
3281:Porcupine
3241:Selfridge
3129:Footnotes
3095:Ridgeview
3080:Glencross
3075:Firesteel
2870:Footnotes
2581:Flandreau
2303:August 6,
2267:August 6,
2239:August 6,
2005:March 13,
1971:USA Today
1657:August 6,
1577:August 6,
1127:"History"
824:The 2016
650:Lake Oahe
576:Porcupine
444:gold rush
289:Area code
243:Time zone
130:45°45′0″N
4089:Sihasapa
4084:Hunkpapa
4033:Pituffik
3862:Virginia
3812:Oklahoma
3792:New York
3767:Nebraska
3757:Missouri
3742:Michigan
3732:Maryland
3717:Kentucky
3697:Illinois
3672:Delaware
3662:Colorado
3652:Arkansas
3035:La Plant
2764:Bullhead
2712:McIntosh
2694:McIntosh
2324:NBC News
2209:NBC News
2146:The Root
2055:The Hill
2033:June 19,
2027:The Hill
1895:NBC News
1875:The Hill
1724:NBC News
1470:BBC News
1236:, p. 20.
1183:, p. 15.
1075:April 7,
990:See also
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