24:
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SPIR-V can be extended by writing extensions to add semantics, or reserving ranges of the token values for the party's use. Vendors can independently add desired semantics to SPIR-V. Additional sets of extended instruction sets can be provided in separate specifications. Multiple sets can be imported
660:
As a format, however, SPIR-V has some limitations for cross-compilation, including the requirement that every SPIR-V module have at least one entry-point symbol. This prevents the format from being easily used for separate compilation, where complex shaders could be assembled by a series of partial
199:
The purposes of SPIR-V are to natively represent the primitives needed by compute and graphics; to separate high-level language from the interface to compute and graphics drivers; to be the distribution form, or distribute fully compiled binaries; to be a fully self-contained specification; and to
609:
The SPIR-V specification states the rules that must be followed to have a valid SPIR-V module. This allows for offline validation. Drivers are not obligated to handle invalid SPIR-V modules. In testing, conformance testing verifies that drivers behave correctly when consuming valid SPIR-V, while
618:
SPIR-V can express calls to functions in a different compilation unit. The standard version of SPIR-V uses this feature for OpenCL compute kernels, but not for shader stages, which the graphical APIs want fully linked into a single SPIR-V module. There are extensions available to allow tools to
636:
SPIR-V has been used to help deal with multiple versions of source-level languages. For example, the multiple versions of OpenGL Shading
Language (GLSL) require distribution of multiple versions of shaders, due to implementations that are pegged to a specific older version of GLSL, such as for
627:
A SPIR-V module is used by a client API to support that module's features, which are classified through capabilities, and declared early in the module. A validator can confirm that the module uses only its declared capabilities, and a client API can reject modules that declare unsupported
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Graphical shaders use structured control flow in SPIR-V to state how control flow nests. This helps in defining divergence and reconvergence of control flow on parallel execution environments. Specialization reduces the number of variants of a shader that need to be distributed.
576:(SSA) form. Data structures retain high-level hierarchical representation. It is not lossy like previous byte-code or virtual machine-like intermediate representations used for graphical shaders. This allows closer to optimum performance on the target devices.
452:
SPIR-V 1.0 is a new version of SPIR announced in March 2015, and released on
November 16, 2015. The SPIR family now includes a true cross-API standard that is fully defined by Khronos with native support for shader and kernel features.
984:
497:
along with
Provisional OpenCL 2.2. SPIR-V 1.1 added support for OpenCL C++, initializer/finalizer function execution modes, named barriers, subgroup execution, program scope pipes and pipe storage.
641:
and Apple's OpenGL implementation. One of the notable use cases of SPIR-V is its ability to be used as an interchange format between GLSL versions, using tools maintained by the
440:. The final SPIR 1.2 specification was released at HiPEAC 2014 on January 21, 2014. On August 11, 2014, a provisional specification for SPIR 2.0 was released at
148:
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In target platforms, ingesting SPIR-V removes the need to build a high-level language source compiler into device drivers, which reduces driver complexity.
1438:
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932:
907:
436:. A provisional specification for SPIR 1.0 was announced in 2012. On July 22, 2013, a provisional specification SPIR 1.2 was announced at
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1151:
1054:
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1431:
1201:
1330:
985:"Khronos Group Introduces New Vulkan Hardware Driver API and SPIR-V Intermediate Language Shared by Vulkan and OpenCL 2.1"
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without issue, as extended instructions are used by specifying the ID of the set and of the instruction within the set.
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along with OpenCL 2.2. SPIR-V 1.2 added support for runtime specialization of key tuning parameters in OpenCL 2.2.
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compile steps followed by a linking step. This runs counter to the stated goals of some SPIR-V tools such as
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236:
216:
55:
1280:
840:
1596:
1036:"SPIRV-LLVM-Translator: A tool and a library for bi-directional translation between SPIR-V and LLVM IR"
568:
SPIR-V is a high-level intermediate language, exchanged in binary form. Functions are represented by a
958:
701:
680:
239:) using SPIRV-Cross, so that these languages can be interconverted. It also has paths to and/or from
1411:
573:
1010:"Khronos Releases OpenCL 2.1 and SPIR-V 1.0 Specifications for Heterogeneous Parallel Programming"
881:
797:
1355:
685:
224:
212:
1123:
527:. SPIR-V 1.3 Added support for subgroup operations and enables enhanced compiler optimizations.
200:
support multiple APIs. It is also used as an intermediate target for cross-compilation tools.
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706:
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Support for ingestion of SPIR-V is incorporated in the core specification of OpenCL 2.1, the
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1098:"SPIR - The Industry Open Standard Intermediate Language for Parallel Compute and Graphics"
8:
933:"Khronos Releases SPIR 1.2 Specification for Portable Encoding of OpenCL Device Programs"
1035:
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93:
762:
Terzo, Olivier; Djemame, Karim; Scionti, Alberto; Pezuela, Clara (10 September 2019).
769:
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81:
908:"Khronos @ SIGGRAPH 2013: OpenGL 4.4, OpenCL 2.0, & OpenCL 1.2 SPIR Announced"
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A separate program by the
Khronos Group allows for interconversion with LLVM IR.
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Interchange format in place of DXIL, beginning support from Shader Model 7 on.
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On
September 19th 2024, Microsoft has announced plans to adopt SPIR-V as the
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SPIR was originally introduced in 2011 and SPIR-V was introduced in 2015.
184:, and has since replaced the original SPIR, which was introduced in 2012.
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174:. It is also used as an interchange language for cross compilation.
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798:"DirectX Adopting SPIR-V as the Interchange Format of the Future"
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155:. It is used in multiple execution environments, including the
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1177:"Google Open-Sources 'Amber' Multi-API Shader Test Framework"
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validators verify that front-ends properly generate SPIR-V.
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252:
180:
is a new version of SPIR which was introduced in 2015 by the
765:
Heterogeneous
Computing Architectures: Challenges and Vision
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temporarily use partially linked shaders and also kernels.
248:
761:
653:, and cross-compiling to SPIR-V to different GLSL targets
432:
SPIR prior to the 2015 SPIR-V release was based on the
882:"Khronos SPIR For OpenCL Brings Binary Compatibility"
631:
734:"Khronos SPIR-V Registry - The Khronos Group Inc"
1583:
1202:"SPIR-V Specification: Structured Control Flow"
841:"HLSL as a First Class Vulkan Shading Language"
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755:
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1331:"SPIR-V Specification: Language Capabilities"
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137:Standard Portable Intermediate Representation
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1055:"OpenCL A State of the Union (IWOCL 2016)"
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355:Supported Language & Feature Supported
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1077:"OpenCL State of the Nation (IWOCL 2017)"
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1356:"OpenGL / OpenGL ES Reference Compiler"
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692:Tungsten Graphics Shader Infrastructure
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880:Larabel, Michael (12 September 2012).
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61:SPIR-V 1.6 / December 16, 2021
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1121:
956:
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796:Bieneman, Chris (19 September 2024).
1306:"SPIR-V Extension for Visual Studio"
959:"Khronos Announces OpenCL SPIR 2.0"
13:
983:Parkerson, Stuart (4 March 2015).
14:
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632:SPIR-V for GLSL Cross-Compilation
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1053:Trevett, Neil (18 April 2016).
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203:For example, SPIR-V allows the
957:Smith, Ryan (11 August 2014).
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315:Round-trip lossless conversion
1:
1075:Trevett, Neil (16 May 2017).
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645:for compiling GLSL to SPIR-V
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906:Smith, Ryan (22 July 2013).
444:. SPIR-V does not use LLVM.
166:compute API, to represent a
7:
1124:"An Introduction to SPIR-V"
675:High-Level Shading Language
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1227:"Specialization Constants"
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681:Cg (programming language)
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860:KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Cross
574:static single assignment
686:OpenGL Shading Language
572:of basic blocks, using
989:App Developer Magazine
802:DirectX Developer Blog
404:Graphics API Ingestion
1592:Compiler construction
1281:"Shader Fundamentals"
707:ARB assembly language
395:OpenCL 2.0 Extension
392:OpenCL 1.2 Extension
145:intermediate language
109:Intermediate language
63:; 2 years ago
1412:SPIR-V specification
1407:Khronos SPIR webpage
1042:. The Khronos Group.
649:, optimizing SPIR-V
523:Released along with
398:OpenCL 2.1/2.2 Core
330:Metadata/Intrinsics
327:Metadata/Intrinsics
312:100% Khronos defined
542:September 13, 2020
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428:LLVM-based versions
339:Graphics Constructs
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18:
1016:. 16 November 2015
847:. 15 January 2020.
593:Debuggers include
570:control-flow graph
552:December 16, 2021
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374:OpenCL C 1.2 / 2.X
323:Compute Constructs
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149:parallel computing
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219:. SPIR-V can be
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1380:"SPIR-V Cross"
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