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Officers looking for adventure during quiet periods of their service, would pass their time exploring the many passages within the cave system. Sometime before 1840, a
Colonel Mitchell and a second officer got lost in the caves and were never seen again. Their disappearance led to extensive
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In 1942, it was decided that an alternate entrance was required to improve air circulation within the emergency hospital in the lower chambers of the cave, as well as to serve as an emergency exit in case of
456:
of the cave was carried out by the
Governor of the military prison, Captain Frederick Brome, commencing in April 1863 and continuing until December 1867. He discovered numerous prehistoric artifacts such as
706:. The cave is in a completely natural state, although fully lit and kitted out with ropes to aid minor climbing and scrambling. Safety helmets are provided and comfortable non-slip shoes are recommended.
405:
During the first century of the
British period, there are some records of the attempt by the new owners of the Rock to change the name of the cave using the name of the English patron Saint,
473:
explorations of the cave system in 1840, 1857 and 1865, but no evidence of the officers' whereabouts was found. Further exploration was carried out between 1936 and 1938, when a scientific
680:
and is open daily to the public receiving almost 1,000,000 visitors a year. The cave formations are colourfully lit and visitors can read displays documenting the caves' history.
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was long thought to be bottomless, making St. Michael's Cave the subject of one of
Gibraltar's most famous legends. It was believed that the cave is one end of a subterranean
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449:. The caves would be decorated for many of these events and even illuminated for distinguished visitors by soldiers who would perch on stalagmites with torches.
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as well as a large collection of pottery. Despite his archeological efforts, Brome's unauthorised use of prisoners' labour eventually cost him his job.
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A mountain with wonderful concavities, which has its western side almost opened by a large cave which may be penetrated far into the interior.
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413:, was not widely adopted and, although still used in the 19th century, has not remained in use, being replaced by the cave's original name.
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skulls have been discovered in
Gibraltar, it is possible that they were among the first to set foot in the cave around 40,000 BC.
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Gaspar Cuesta Estévez (2001). "Toponimia bilingüe de
Gibraltar: Acercamiento a un problema histĂłrico y sociolingĂĽĂstico".
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Transactions of the third session which opened at
Norwich on the 20th August and closed in London on the 28th August 1868
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in the cave are formed by an accumulation of traces of dissolved rock deposited by water dripping from the ground above.
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558:. Whilst blasting the rock in order to create the extra opening, another deeper system of caves known as
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993:"Government of Gibraltar Press Release - Steve Hogarth concert to take place in St. Michael's Cave"
566:) were discovered. The series of descending chambers are riddled with examples of almost all known
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385:). In his work, Hernández del Portillo also suggests the cave's name is taken from the similar
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as well as artifacts discovered in the cave show that it was already well known to the ancient
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or by foot. Tickets include entrance to two of the other major tourist sites on The Rock: the
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bowl was discovered in the cave, one of many examples which prove that the cave was known to
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concealed themselves within the cave overnight after having ascended through a path led by
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properties. It is equipped with a concrete stage and has a seating capacity of over 100.
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1036:"BBC Radio 4 - Mark Steel's in Town, Series 7, Gibraltar, Gibraltar - Extended Edition"
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which gradually dissolved the rock. Through this process, tiny cracks in The Rock's
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period (15,000 to 20,000 years ago) based on the style used. However, since two
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grew into long passages and large caverns over thousands of years. The numerous
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was mounted and every known part of the cave system was explored, but again no
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the cave was used as a venue for picnics, parties, concerts, weddings and even
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It is believed that St. Michael's Cave has had a military use since the
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213:, the first historian of Gibraltar, its name is derived from a similar
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St. Michael's Cave in 1830, an engraving by Louis
Auguste de Sainson.
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drawn in charcoal on one of the cave walls. It has been dated to the
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It is the most visited of the more than 150 caves found inside the
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The first factual description of the cave was written in 45 AD by
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1063:(1987). "1. Mons Calpe to Djebel Tarik: Prehistory to A.D. 711".
732:
1024:
Gibraltar Autumn
Festival of Art and Culture Programme of Events
882:
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The
Gibraltar Museum - Cave Art discovered in St. Michael's Cave
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As the Rock of Gibraltar was thought to be one of the legendary
1197:
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the entire cave was prepared for use as an emergency military
886:
The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean
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523:, before an unsuccessful attempt to surprise the garrison.
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origin which protected the cave's entrance until recently.
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International Congress of Prehistoric Archaeology (1869).
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It has been a regular venue for events such as dramas and
383:
History of the Very Noble and Most Loyal City of Gibraltar
2324:
869:
The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London
943:. London: Longmans, Green, and co. pp. 113, 134–136
570:, including an underground lake of crystal clear water.
501:
in 711 AD. This is assumed due to the defensive wall of
723:
over 15 miles (24 km) long which passes under the
379:
Historia de la Muy Noble y Más Leal Ciudad de Gibraltar
1065:
The Rock of The Gibraltarians - A History of Gibraltar
742:, the Ancient Greeks also believed the cave to be the
641:. Notable acts who have performed in the cave include
205:, at a height of over 300 metres (980 ft) above
1847:
Ornithological & Natural History Society (GONHS)
967:. National Speleological Society. 1949. p. 16.
883:Carolina Lopez-Ruiz; Brian R. Doak (29 July 2019).
876:
297:humans. Another would be the recently discovered
2944:
2189:European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)
683:St. Michael's Cave can be reached by car, taxi,
621:. The cave is also used to hold concerts of all
603:. It was converted due to the chamber's natural
930:
433:19th-century painting of St. Michael's Cave by
964:Bulletin of the National Speleological Society
373:) is recorded by Gibraltar's first historian,
244:, receiving almost 1,000,000 visitors a year.
66:Map showing location of St. Michael's Cave in
58:
1551:
1114:
676:Presently the cave is one of Gibraltar's top
329:-born geographer. He described Gibraltar as:
1528:Gibraltar Neanderthal Caves and Environments
981:Government of Gibraltar - St. Michael's Cave
369:name is a direct translation of the Spanish
780:
778:
776:
1558:
1544:
1121:
1107:
34:
2057:Political development in modern Gibraltar
903:
542:
510:Gibraltar's capture by Anglo-Dutch forces
889:. Oxford University Press. p. 265.
773:
660:recorded an episode of his long running
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428:
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40:Uplit stalactites in St. Michael's Cave.
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595:The largest of the chambers, named the
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808:Gibraltar Info - St. Michael's Cave
13:
2333:Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation
1049:Costa del Sol - St. Michael's Cave
819:
189:is the name given to a network of
14:
2984:
2652:Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned
2520:Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar
1493:Transmitter Fissure Treasure Cave
1087:
909:
872:. The Society. 1865. p. 371.
702:can also be arranged through the
356:
2968:Tourist attractions in Gibraltar
2924:
2912:
2900:
2889:
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1778:Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault
1734:
1130:
316:
57:
50:
1042:
1028:
1017:
985:
526:
484:
416:
400:
2101:Black Swan Project controversy
1077:Fairleigh Dickinson University
955:
860:
842:
801:
784:
651:Gibraltar World Music Festival
573:
223:Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo
1:
2617:Cathedral of the Holy Trinity
1748:
1637:Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar
1368:Martin's Guard Cave 1 & 2
912:"Busk G. Captain Fred. Brome"
766:
653:is also held here each year.
578:
539:. It was never used as such.
375:Alonso Hernández del Portillo
284:
211:Alonso Hernández del Portillo
171:
2662:Shrine of Our Lady of Europe
2471:Bayside Comprehensive School
1998:
831:Duquesa - St. Michael's Cave
614:shows as well as the annual
587:The auditorium stage at the
499:Umayyad conquest of Hispania
7:
2441:
2420:Vehicle registration plates
2360:Royal Gibraltar Post Office
2260:
1579:
754:
261:slowly seeping through the
252:
10:
2989:
2365:postage stamps and history
1453:Sapper's Bog Scorpion Cave
671:
562:(sometimes referred to as
546:
459:stone axes and arrow heads
265:rock, turning into a weak
247:
237:is said to have appeared.
199:British Overseas Territory
2884:
2841:
2809:
2721:
2695:Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque
2677:
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2580:
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2224:Napier of Magdala Battery
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2010:
2006:
1993:
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1867:
1860:
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1592:Neanderthals in Gibraltar
1587:
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1143:
910:G, Busk (17 March 1870).
727:. Legend has it that the
709:
656:In 2016 English comedian
599:, currently serves as an
454:archaeological excavation
409:. However, the new name,
382:
337:However, the writings of
195:Upper Rock Nature Reserve
167:
159:
149:
141:
133:
96:
87:Upper Rock Nature Reserve
78:
45:
33:
28:
23:
2239:Royal Gibraltar Regiment
2214:Gibraltar Defence Police
2209:British Forces Gibraltar
1612:First Siege of Gibraltar
1348:Lower St. Michael's Cave
789:(in Spanish) (25): 443.
700:Lower St. Michael's Cave
564:Lower St. Michael's Cave
257:The cave was created by
145:300 metres (980 ft)
2481:University of Gibraltar
2167:Sovereignty referendums
1825:Reptiles and amphibians
704:Gibraltar Tourist Board
631:philharmonic orchestras
137:62 metres (203 ft)
2410:Gibraltar–Spain border
2234:Royal Gibraltar Police
1973:St. Bernard's Hospital
1958:King George V Hospital
1647:George Augustus Eliott
1408:Old St. Michael's Cave
1398:New St. Michael's Cave
1293:Goat's Hair Twin Caves
1253:East Queen's Line Cave
1079:Press. pp. 20–21.
731:entered the Rock from
592:
560:New St. Michael's Cave
549:New St. Michael's Cave
543:New St. Michael's Cave
438:
426:
335:
187:Old St. Michael's Cave
118:36.126199°N 5.345504°W
29:Old St. Michael's Cave
2415:Shipping in Gibraltar
1680:Explosion of the RFA
1498:Upper All's Well Cave
1303:Harley Street Fissure
1061:Jackson, William G.F.
746:, an entrance to the
586:
432:
424:
331:
2824:Records in athletics
2799:Campo Gibraltar RUFC
2777:Football Association
2626:(Church of Scotland)
2624:St. Andrew's Church
2355:Regulatory Authority
1675:Maltese in Gibraltar
1670:Genoese in Gibraltar
1622:Capture of Gibraltar
1418:Pete's Paradise Cave
1278:George's Bottom Cave
1158:Bell's Backyard Cave
666:Mark Steel's in Town
435:Thomas Colman Dibdin
123:36.126199; -5.345504
2973:Michael (archangel)
2555:Gibraltarian status
2339:Gibraltar Chronicle
1910:Strait of Gibraltar
1834:Iberis gibraltarica
1617:Battle of Gibraltar
1607:Pillars of Hercules
1483:Swallow's Nest Cave
1067:(Second ed.).
1005:on 18 November 2008
740:Pillars of Hercules
725:Strait of Gibraltar
693:Great Siege Tunnels
678:tourist attractions
452:The first official
363:Cueva de San Miguel
193:located within the
114: /
2963:Caves of Gibraltar
2814:Commonwealth Games
2669:Trafalgar Cemetery
2657:Our Lady of Europe
2498:LlĂ©vame Donde NacĂ
2219:Gibraltar Squadron
2018:Constitution Order
1900:St. Michael's Cave
1473:St. Michael's Cave
1378:Mediterranean Cave
1248:Dudley Ward's Cave
1233:Devil's Tower Cave
1137:Caves of Gibraltar
1038:. 12 October 2016.
854:2007-08-22 at the
836:2011-07-11 at the
813:2008-06-29 at the
593:
439:
427:
183:St. Michael's Cave
24:St. Michael's Cave
16:Caves in Gibraltar
2940:
2939:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2837:
2836:
2717:
2716:
2637:Roman Catholicism
2602:Diocese in Europe
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2382:Telephone numbers
2327:(Internet domain)
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2162:Political parties
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1895:Rock of Gibraltar
1790:Iberian Peninsula
1730:
1729:
1692:Death on the Rock
1688:Operation Flavius
1632:Treaty of Utrecht
1533:
1532:
1508:Viney Quarry Cave
1478:Star Chamber Cave
1438:Reservoir Fissure
1433:Ragged Staff Cave
1328:John's Giant Cave
1223:Devil's Fall Cave
896:978-0-19-049935-8
411:St. George's Cave
242:Rock of Gibraltar
235:archangel Michael
180:
179:
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2928:
2927:
2916:
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2903:
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2891:
2829:Victoria Stadium
2728:
2727:
2627:
2612:Bishop suffragan
2587:
2586:
2451:
2450:
2438:
2437:
2328:
2270:
2269:
2257:
2256:
2008:
2007:
1995:
1994:
1953:Garrison Library
1875:Bay of Gibraltar
1865:
1864:
1837:
1818:Barbary macaques
1758:
1757:
1745:
1744:
1738:
1655:
1576:
1575:
1560:
1553:
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1537:
1536:
1448:Sandy Cave Upper
1443:Sandy Cave Lower
1383:Middle Hill Cave
1358:Marble Arch Cave
1258:Europa Pass Cave
1238:Diesel's Delight
1228:Devil's Gap Cave
1193:Catalan Bay Cave
1188:Buena Vista Cave
1135:
1134:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1094:Official Website
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1080:
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1046:
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729:Barbary macaques
698:Guided tours of
384:
271:geological fault
176:
175: 1,000,000
173:
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2707:Great Synagogue
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2625:
2607:Bishop diocesan
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2524:
2515:Public holidays
2476:Westside School
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2424:
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2326:
2311:
2285:Gibraltar pound
2264:
2243:
2195:
2106:Disputed status
2087:
2061:
2002:
1977:
1924:
1856:
1842:Botanic Gardens
1831:
1794:
1752:
1739:
1726:
1653:
1652:Gibraltar real
1583:
1570:
1564:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1338:Leonora's Caves
1313:Holy Boy's Cave
1288:Glen Rocky Cave
1218:Devil's Dustbin
1139:
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856:Wayback Machine
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838:Wayback Machine
829:
820:
815:Wayback Machine
806:
802:
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774:
769:
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568:cave formations
551:
545:
529:
495:Tariq ibn Ziyad
487:
419:
403:
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287:
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250:
209:. According to
191:limestone caves
174:
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1173:Boathoist Cave
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1148:Alameda Grotto
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664:comedy series
619:beauty pageant
616:Miss Gibraltar
612:son et lumière
597:Cathedral Cave
589:Cathedral Cave
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547:Main article:
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643:Steve Hogarth
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479:human remains
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463:shell jewelry
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300:
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219:Monte Gargano
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2856:Coat of arms
2819:Island Games
2760:Field hockey
2678:Other faiths
2590:Christianity
2530:Demographics
2510:National Day
2375:Study Circle
2337:
2040:court system
1899:
1833:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1681:
1660:World War II
1627:George Rooke
1518:Winkies Cave
1472:
1428:Queen's Cave
1353:Mammoth Cave
1333:Judge's Cave
1308:Hayne's Cave
1243:Douglas Cave
1183:Brown's Cave
1064:
1055:
1044:
1030:
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
1000:the original
987:
963:
957:
945:. Retrieved
939:
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920:. Retrieved
915:
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533:World War II
530:
527:World War II
507:
488:
485:Military use
481:were found.
471:
467:bone needles
451:
440:
417:19th century
410:
407:Saint George
404:
401:18th century
378:
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336:
332:
320:
288:
256:
239:
233:, where the
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182:
181:
83:Queen's Road
18:
2931:WikiProject
2866:other flags
2789:Rugby union
2597:Anglicanism
2045:LGBT rights
1948:The Convent
1880:Catalan Bay
1800:Environment
1665:Nationality
1642:Great Siege
1468:Spider Cave
1343:Levant Cave
1318:Hyaena Cave
1208:Coptic Cave
1178:Bray's Cave
1009:1 September
662:BBC Radio 4
574:Present day
508:Just after
441:During the
351:Phoenicians
311:Neanderthal
295:prehistoric
289:In 1974, a
279:stalagmites
275:stalactites
121: /
97:Coordinates
2958:Show caves
2947:Categories
2738:Basketball
2345:Gibtelecom
2150:Parliament
1830:Candytuft
1654:(currency)
767:References
748:underworld
721:Ley tunnel
658:Mark Steel
601:auditorium
579:Auditorium
475:expedition
381:(English:
285:Prehistory
106:36°07′34″N
2632:Methodism
2560:Languages
2548:in the UK
2466:Education
2405:Cable car
2392:Transport
2118:Elections
1943:City Hall
1905:Sandy Bay
1750:Geography
1707:New Flame
1567:Gibraltar
1463:Shed Cave
1458:Sea Caves
1323:Ibex Cave
947:3 January
922:6 October
795:1133-5319
787:Almoraima
735:this way.
685:cable car
556:airstrike
377:, in his
361:The name
327:Algeciras
307:solutrean
291:Neolithic
263:limestone
259:rainwater
221:near the
207:sea level
203:Gibraltar
160:Entrances
154:Limestone
142:Elevation
109:5°20′44″W
91:Gibraltar
68:Gibraltar
2895:Category
2772:Football
2731:By sport
2685:Hinduism
2582:Religion
2350:Panorama
2302:Taxation
2201:Military
2093:Politics
2078:Governor
2052:Passport
2000:Politics
1722:COVID-19
1717:incident
1709:incident
1701:incident
1682:Bedenham
1597:Timeline
852:Archived
834:Archived
811:Archived
755:See also
691:and the
647:Breed 77
605:acoustic
537:hospital
518:goatherd
497:led the
493:general
299:cave art
253:Creation
168:Visitors
79:Location
2907:Commons
2843:Symbols
2755:Cycling
2743:Cricket
2702:Judaism
2642:Diocese
2570:Llanito
2565:English
2461:Cuisine
2454:General
2443:Culture
2400:Airport
2307:Tourism
2273:General
2262:Economy
2155:Speaker
2111:isthmus
2011:General
1868:Natural
1813:Mammals
1773:Geology
1768:Climate
1761:General
1581:History
1073:Toronto
733:Morocco
672:Tourism
625:, from
531:During
503:Moorish
371:toponym
367:English
248:History
197:in the
150:Geology
2919:Portal
2851:Anthem
2647:Bishop
2066:People
1861:Places
1699:Aurora
1601:sieges
1569:topics
1198:Cave S
1069:London
916:Nature
893:
793:
710:Legend
649:. The
627:operas
491:Berber
465:, and
391:Apulia
387:grotto
347:Romans
343:Greeks
227:Apulia
215:grotto
2723:Sport
2690:Islam
2493:Music
2290:coins
2280:Banks
2083:Mayor
1930:Built
1808:Birds
1715:Fedra
1003:(PDF)
996:(PDF)
918:: 509
447:duels
395:Italy
339:Homer
325:, an
231:Italy
134:Depth
2543:list
2325:.gi
2177:2002
2172:1967
2143:2023
2138:2019
2133:2015
2128:2011
2123:2007
2028:2006
2023:1969
1071:and
1011:2008
949:2013
924:2019
891:ISBN
791:ISSN
715:The
645:and
639:rock
637:and
629:and
349:and
303:ibex
277:and
2035:Law
635:pop
633:to
389:in
225:in
217:in
201:of
185:or
2949::
1075::
973:^
914:.
821:^
775:^
695:.
461:,
397:.
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353:.
345:,
229:,
172:c.
89:,
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