66:
is used in China and India. Bruner's spiral curriculum, however, draws heavily from evolution to explain how to learn better, and thus it drew criticism from conservatives. In the United States classes are split by grade — life sciences in 9th grade, chemistry in 10th, physics in 11th. The spiral teaches life sciences, chemistry, physics all in one year, then two subjects, then one, then all three again to understand how they mold together. Bruner also believes learning should be spurred by interest in the material rather than tests or punishment, since one learns best when one finds the acquired knowledge appealing.
35:
209:
65:
proposed the spiral curriculum as a teaching approach in which each subject or skill area is revisited at intervals, at a more sophisticated level each time. First, there is basic knowledge of a subject, then more sophistication is added, reinforcing principles that were first discussed. This system
46:
is a technique often used in education where the initial focus of instruction is the basic facts of a subject, with further details being introduced as learning progresses. Throughout instruction, both the initial basic facts and the relationships to later details are repeatedly emphasized to help
157:
189:
164:
184:
141:
250:
52:
27:
274:
243:
8:
224:
269:
236:
137:
131:
112:
104:
194:
96:
48:
34:
220:
263:
108:
62:
116:
100:
56:
22:
84:
208:
190:
One teacher's description of how he uses the spiral approach (pdf file)
216:
195:
The Spiral
Approach to Thinking and Learning by John Denker
55:method used in writing news stories, and the game
261:
244:
51:. This principle is somewhat similar to the
38:Four spirals in a medical studies curriculum
251:
237:
33:
262:
129:
82:
203:
185:The spiral approach applied to math
13:
14:
286:
178:
207:
150:
123:
85:"What is a spiral curriculum?"
76:
1:
69:
28:software development approach
223:. You can help Knowledge by
7:
83:HARDEN, R.M. (1999-01-01).
10:
291:
202:
130:Bruner, Jerome S. (1960).
215:This article relating to
133:The Process of Education
158:"The Spiral Curriculum"
101:10.1080/01421599979752
39:
37:
136:. pp. 52–54.
40:
16:Teaching technique
232:
231:
143:978-0-674-71001-6
282:
253:
246:
239:
211:
204:
172:
171:
169:
163:. Archived from
162:
154:
148:
147:
127:
121:
120:
80:
53:inverted pyramid
49:long-term memory
290:
289:
285:
284:
283:
281:
280:
279:
275:Education stubs
260:
259:
258:
257:
200:
181:
176:
175:
167:
160:
156:
155:
151:
144:
128:
124:
89:Medical Teacher
81:
77:
72:
44:spiral approach
17:
12:
11:
5:
288:
278:
277:
272:
256:
255:
248:
241:
233:
230:
229:
212:
198:
197:
192:
187:
180:
179:External links
177:
174:
173:
170:on 2014-02-21.
149:
142:
122:
95:(2): 141–143.
74:
73:
71:
68:
32:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
287:
276:
273:
271:
268:
267:
265:
254:
249:
247:
242:
240:
235:
234:
228:
226:
222:
218:
213:
210:
206:
205:
201:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
182:
166:
159:
153:
145:
139:
135:
134:
126:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
79:
75:
67:
64:
63:Jerome Bruner
60:
58:
54:
50:
45:
36:
29:
25:
24:
19:
18:
225:expanding it
214:
199:
165:the original
152:
132:
125:
92:
88:
78:
61:
57:20 questions
43:
41:
23:spiral model
20:
47:enter into
264:Categories
70:References
217:education
109:0142-159X
21:See also
270:Pedagogy
117:21275727
140:
115:
107:
219:is a
168:(PDF)
161:(PDF)
221:stub
138:ISBN
113:PMID
105:ISSN
42:The
26:, a
97:doi
266::
111:.
103:.
93:21
91:.
87:.
59:.
252:e
245:t
238:v
227:.
146:.
119:.
99::
30:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.