196:
being paid out which resulted in the
Spindrift Stakes offering a purse in 1909 that was nearly one-tenth of what it had been in earlier years. These small purses made horse racing unprofitable and impossible for even the most successful horse owners to continue in business. As such, for the 1910
216:
to be fined and imprisoned if anyone was found betting, even privately, anywhere on their premises. After a 1911 amendment to the law that would limit the liability of owners and directors was defeated in the
Legislature, every racetrack in New York State shut down. As a result, after 1909 the
220:
Owners, whose horses of racing age had nowhere to go, began sending them, their trainers and their jockeys to race in
England and France. Many horses ended their racing careers there and a number remained to become an important part of the European
208:, reform legislators were not happy when they learned that betting was still going on at racetracks between individuals and they had further restrictive legislation passed by the New York Legislature in 1910. The
192:. The owners of Sheepshead Bay Race Track, and other racing facilities in New York State, struggled to stay in business without income from betting. Racetrack operators had no choice but to drastically reduce the
1352:
1347:
1342:
1061:
736:
1248:
1212:
870:
826:
299:
209:
1918:
779:
197:
racing season management of the
Sheepshead Bay facility dropped some of its minor stakes races and used the purse money to bolster its most important events.
926:
921:
420:
227:
162:
1933:
1102:
862:
1908:
1674:
1006:
784:
633:
598:
1801:
231:
reported that more than 1,500 American horses were sent overseas between 1908 and 1913 and of them at least 24 were either past, present, or future
1928:
1923:
1775:
1750:
685:
967:
646:
236:
239:
Court saw horse racing return in 1913. However, it was too late for the
Sheepshead Bay horse racing facility and it never reopened.
212:, a series of four bills and recorded as the Executive Liability Act, made it possible for racetrack owners and members of its
1624:
1913:
1725:
153:
The inaugural running took place on July 11, 1885, and was won by St. Augustine, a John Alcock trained colt owned by
174:
1203:
1162:
1153:
342:
1441:
1428:
1301:
1776:"Race Track Bill Defeated In Senate; Measure Modifying Directors' Liability for Gambling Fails of Passage"
146:, New York City. A race for three-year-olds, it was contested on dirt over a distance of 1ÂĽ miles (10
1476:
593:
139:
33:
1877:
1852:
1827:
1699:
1649:
1578:
1094:
143:
37:
1828:"Oral Betting Held Legal: Appellate Division of New York Supreme Court Renders Important Decision"
1487:
1436:
135:
461:
1446:
1306:
1296:
331:
1751:"Racing Men Attack Anti-Betting Bills – Place Every Man Who Makes Private Wager in Jeopardy"
1492:
1016:
185:
182:
178:
8:
1536:
1020:
205:
154:
1253:
741:
213:
201:
193:
189:
1603:
1393:
1011:
789:
690:
603:
552:
506:
317:
157:. The final running of the Spindrift took place on July 7, 1909, and was won by the
1382:
1288:
1258:
1112:
1107:
695:
41:
1208:
1158:
338:
1528:
1398:
875:
641:
557:
511:
349:
222:
1902:
880:
731:
308:
232:
1148:
1056:
425:
158:
60:
916:
547:
150:) from 1885 to 1892 and at 1â…› miles (9 furlongs) from 1893 through 1909.
64:
1198:
962:
771:
168:
147:
972:
290:
392:
200:
In spite of strong opposition by prominent owners such as
1900:
169:The 1911–1912 statewide shutdown of horse racing
1919:Recurring sporting events established in 1886
1891:– via University of Kentucky Archives.
1866:– via University of Kentucky Archives.
1841:– via University of Kentucky Archives.
1713:– via University of Kentucky Archives.
1663:– via University of Kentucky Archives.
1592:– via University of Kentucky Archives.
1934:1909 disestablishments in New York (state)
237:New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
1909:Discontinued horse races in New York City
235:. When a February 21, 1913 ruling by the
1726:"The First American Triple Crown Series"
1579:"New York Entries and Past Performances"
1929:1886 establishments in New York (state)
1924:Recurring events disestablished in 1909
1723:
1901:
217:Spindrift Stakes was never run again.
138:run annually between 1885 and 1909 at
1606:. Breeder and Sportsman. 1885-07-11
253:1:51.80 – Fashion Plate (1909) (at
190:Hart–Agnew anti-betting legislation
13:
1625:"Maskette Easily Wins The Mermaid"
14:
1945:
1724:Liebman, Bennett (May 24, 2009).
1700:"Coney Island Clubs Sturdy Stand"
1650:"Penalties in the New York Bills"
1870:
1853:"Destruction Wrought by Hughes"
1845:
1820:
1794:
1768:
1743:
1717:
1692:
1667:
1642:
1617:
1596:
1571:
270:2:09.40 – Sir John (1890) (at
1:
1564:
161:'s Fashion Plate, trained by
1604:"The Good-Bye and Spindrift"
1557:
1540:
1524:
1518:
1513:
1496:
1480:
1472:
1467:
1450:
1432:
1424:
1419:
1402:
1386:
1378:
1373:
1356:
1338:
1332:
1327:
1310:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1262:
1244:
1238:
1233:
1216:
1194:
1188:
1183:
1166:
1144:
1138:
1133:
1116:
1098:
1090:
1085:
1068:
1052:
1046:
1041:
1024:
1002:
996:
991:
974:
958:
952:
947:
930:
912:
906:
901:
884:
866:
858:
853:
836:
822:
816:
811:
794:
775:
767:
762:
745:
727:
721:
716:
699:
681:
675:
670:
653:
637:
629:
624:
607:
589:
583:
578:
561:
543:
537:
532:
515:
499:
493:
488:
471:
457:
451:
446:
429:
413:
407:
7:
10:
1950:
1878:"Famous Old Track is Sold"
1353:Charles S. Littlefield Sr.
1348:Charles S. Littlefield Sr.
1062:Charles S. Littlefield Jr.
737:Charles S. Littlefield Jr.
356:
242:
1914:Sheepshead Bay Race Track
1806:www.ThoroughbredTimes.com
140:Sheepshead Bay Race Track
120:
112:
104:
96:
75:
70:
56:
48:
34:Sheepshead Bay Race Track
29:
24:
320:(1888, 1903, 1906, 1907)
144:Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn
38:Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn
25:Discontinued stakes race
136:Thoroughbred horse race
792:& Fred C. McLewee
325:Most wins by an owner:
173:On June 11, 1908, the
1675:"Keep Up Betting Ban"
1447:Dwyer Brothers Stable
1307:Dwyer Brothers Stable
332:Dwyer Brothers Stable
1802:"Thoroughbred Times"
834:Col. Frank D. Beard
820:Prince of Melbourne
186:Charles Evans Hughes
179:New York Legislature
1808:. February 14, 2000
1537:George L. Lorillard
651:Walter M. Scheftel
469:Thomas H. Williams
206:Harry Payne Whitney
21:
1780:The New York Times
1254:Hardy Campbell Jr.
927:Walter B. Jennings
922:Walter B. Jennings
742:James B. A. Haggin
421:William H. Karrick
228:Thoroughbred Times
214:board of directors
202:August Belmont Jr.
92:miles (9 furlongs)
19:
1882:Daily Racing Form
1857:Daily Racing Form
1832:Daily Racing Form
1704:Daily Racing Form
1654:Daily Racing Form
1583:Daily Racing Form
1562:
1561:
1394:James G. Rowe Sr.
1066:Del Monte Stable
1012:R. Wyndham Walden
790:Diamond Jim Brady
780:Winfield O'Connor
691:James G. Rowe Sr.
604:Diamond Jim Brady
553:James G. Rowe Sr.
507:James G. Rowe Sr.
466:Dr. H. E. Rowell
318:James G. Rowe Sr.
210:Agnew–Perkins Law
128:
127:
1941:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1575:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1259:Michael F. Dwyer
1249:Anthony Hamilton
1228:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1113:Byron McClelland
1108:Byron McClelland
1095:Henry of Navarre
1080:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1007:Fred Littlefield
986:
985:
984:
980:
942:
941:
940:
936:
896:
895:
894:
890:
848:
847:
846:
842:
806:
805:
804:
800:
785:Matthew M. Allen
757:
756:
755:
751:
711:
710:
709:
705:
696:Foxhall P. Keene
665:
664:
663:
659:
619:
618:
617:
613:
599:Matthew M. Allen
573:
572:
571:
567:
527:
526:
525:
521:
483:
482:
481:
477:
441:
440:
439:
435:
396:
361:
360:
283:
282:
278:
275:
266:
265:
261:
258:
155:George Lorillard
134:was an American
132:Spindrift Stakes
91:
90:
86:
83:
71:Race information
22:
20:Spindrift Stakes
18:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1887:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1862:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1837:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1782:. July 14, 1911
1774:
1773:
1769:
1760:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1722:
1718:
1709:
1707:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1684:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1659:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1634:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1343:William Donohue
1318:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1209:Samuel S. Brown
1174:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1159:Samuel S. Brown
1124:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1050:Bright Phoebus
1032:
1028:
1027:
1026:
982:
978:
977:
976:
938:
934:
933:
932:
892:
888:
887:
886:
844:
840:
839:
838:
802:
798:
797:
796:
753:
749:
748:
747:
707:
703:
702:
701:
661:
657:
656:
655:
615:
611:
610:
609:
569:
565:
564:
563:
523:
519:
518:
517:
479:
475:
474:
473:
437:
433:
432:
431:
400:
390:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
359:
339:Samuel S. Brown
307:Most wins by a
289:Most wins by a
280:
276:
273:
271:
263:
259:
256:
254:
245:
171:
163:William Karrick
116:Three-year-olds
88:
84:
81:
79:
44:, United States
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1947:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1895:
1894:
1869:
1844:
1819:
1793:
1767:
1755:New York Times
1742:
1716:
1691:
1679:New York Times
1666:
1641:
1629:New York Times
1616:
1595:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1529:Harry Blaylock
1526:
1523:
1522:St. Augustine
1520:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1437:Jim McLaughlin
1434:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1401:
1399:August Belmont
1396:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1215:
1213:John W. Rogers
1206:
1204:John W. Rogers
1201:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1165:
1163:John W. Rogers
1156:
1154:John W. Rogers
1151:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1103:Samuel Doggett
1100:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1023:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1001:
998:
994:
993:
990:
987:
973:
970:
965:
960:
957:
954:
950:
949:
946:
943:
929:
924:
919:
914:
911:
908:
904:
903:
900:
897:
883:
878:
876:A. Jack Joyner
873:
868:
865:
860:
856:
855:
852:
849:
835:
832:
829:
824:
821:
818:
814:
813:
810:
807:
793:
787:
782:
777:
774:
769:
765:
764:
761:
758:
744:
739:
734:
729:
726:
723:
719:
718:
715:
712:
698:
693:
688:
683:
680:
677:
673:
672:
669:
666:
652:
649:
644:
639:
636:
631:
627:
626:
623:
620:
606:
601:
596:
591:
588:
585:
581:
580:
577:
574:
560:
558:James R. Keene
555:
550:
545:
542:
539:
535:
534:
531:
528:
514:
512:James R. Keene
509:
504:
501:
498:
495:
491:
490:
487:
484:
470:
467:
464:
459:
456:
453:
449:
448:
445:
442:
428:
423:
418:
415:
412:
411:Fashion Plate
409:
405:
404:
401:
397:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
358:
355:
354:
353:
350:James R. Keene
346:
343:John W. Rogers
335:
322:
321:
304:
303:
286:
285:
268:
244:
241:
223:horse breeding
170:
167:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
77:
73:
72:
68:
67:
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
31:
27:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1946:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1605:
1599:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1570:
1554:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
999:
995:
988:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
955:
951:
944:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
909:
905:
898:
882:
881:Perry Belmont
879:
877:
874:
872:
871:Henry Spencer
869:
864:
861:
857:
850:
833:
830:
828:
827:Henry Spencer
825:
819:
815:
808:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
773:
770:
766:
759:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
732:Otto Wonderly
730:
724:
720:
713:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
686:Willie Gannon
684:
678:
674:
667:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
635:
632:
628:
621:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
594:Frank O'Neill
592:
586:
582:
575:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
540:
536:
529:
513:
510:
508:
505:
502:
496:
492:
485:
468:
465:
463:
462:Walter Miller
460:
454:
450:
443:
427:
424:
422:
419:
416:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:
351:
347:
344:
340:
336:
333:
329:
328:
327:
326:
319:
315:
314:
313:
312:
310:
301:
300:Henry Spencer
297:
296:
295:
294:
292:
269:
252:
251:
250:
249:
248:Speed record:
240:
238:
234:
230:
229:
224:
218:
215:
211:
207:
203:
198:
195:
191:
187:
184:
180:
176:
166:
164:
160:
156:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
123:
119:
115:
113:Qualification
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
78:
74:
69:
66:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
32:
28:
23:
1886:. Retrieved
1884:. 1914-11-17
1881:
1872:
1861:. Retrieved
1859:. 1908-12-15
1856:
1847:
1836:. Retrieved
1834:. 1913-02-22
1831:
1822:
1812:September 2,
1810:. Retrieved
1805:
1796:
1786:September 2,
1784:. Retrieved
1779:
1770:
1759:. Retrieved
1757:. 1910-04-07
1754:
1745:
1735:September 2,
1733:. Retrieved
1729:
1719:
1708:. Retrieved
1706:. 1908-08-11
1703:
1694:
1683:. Retrieved
1681:. 1908-09-01
1678:
1669:
1658:. Retrieved
1656:. 1908-01-18
1653:
1644:
1633:. Retrieved
1631:. 1909-07-08
1628:
1619:
1608:. Retrieved
1598:
1587:. Retrieved
1585:. 1909-07-07
1582:
1573:
1533:John Alcock
1488:John Huggins
1484:John Fisher
1442:Frank McCabe
1302:Frank McCabe
1297:Marty Bergen
1149:Willie Simms
1057:Lester Reiff
1021:David Morris
968:Julius Bauer
910:Sailor King
426:Oneck Stable
417:Henry Smith
352:(1906, 1907)
345:(1892, 1893)
334:(1887, 1890)
324:
323:
306:
305:
302:(1899, 1900)
288:
287:
247:
246:
226:
219:
199:
172:
159:Oneck Stable
152:
131:
129:
61:Thoroughbred
1390:P. Godfrey
1192:Pickpocket
917:Danny Maher
831:J. A. Kyle
679:Injunction
647:John W. May
642:George Odom
548:Willie Shaw
194:purse money
188:passed the
177:controlled
108:Left-handed
65:Flat racing
49:Inaugurated
1903:Categories
1888:2018-11-30
1863:2018-11-30
1838:2019-06-29
1761:2019-06-29
1710:2019-02-03
1685:2018-11-06
1660:2018-10-26
1635:2019-08-01
1610:2019-07-14
1589:2019-07-28
1565:References
1336:My Fellow
1199:Fred Taral
1142:Glenmoyne
963:Fred Taral
772:Gold Heels
455:Firestone
225:industry.
175:Republican
16:Horse race
1493:Mr. Kelso
863:Ethelbert
503:Mr. Lowe
497:Cabochon
233:Champions
57:Race type
1730:The Rail
1558:$ 4,625
1555:2:11.75
1514:$ 3,925
1511:2:09.25
1477:The Bard
1468:$ 3,300
1465:2:11.25
1420:$ 3,250
1417:2:12.00
1383:Raceland
1374:$ 2,200
1371:2:10.20
1328:$ 1,860
1325:2:09.40
1289:Sir John
1280:$ 1,975
1277:2:11.00
1242:Potomac
1234:$ 1,715
1231:2:11.40
1184:$ 1,740
1181:1:54.80
1134:$ 1,950
1131:1:56.20
1086:$ 1,450
1083:1:57.20
1042:$ 1,400
1039:1:56.00
992:$ 1,450
989:1:56.40
956:On Deck
948:$ 1,490
945:1:55.40
902:$ 1,380
899:1:55.40
854:$ 2,150
851:1:53.60
812:$ 1,870
809:1:52.40
763:$ 3,000
760:1:54.20
717:$ 3,270
714:1:52.80
671:$ 4,215
668:1:54.00
634:Highball
625:$ 3,700
622:1:53.60
579:$ 4,215
576:1:53.80
533:$ 4,410
530:1:53.40
489:$ 3,890
486:1:53.20
444:1:51.80
183:Governor
148:furlongs
124:Assigned
76:Distance
42:New York
30:Location
1547:⁄
1503:⁄
1457:⁄
1429:Hanover
1409:⁄
1363:⁄
1317:⁄
1269:⁄
1223:⁄
1173:⁄
1123:⁄
1075:⁄
1031:⁄
1000:Formal
981:⁄
937:⁄
891:⁄
843:⁄
801:⁄
752:⁄
725:Ranald
706:⁄
660:⁄
614:⁄
587:Oiseau
568:⁄
541:Kuroki
522:⁄
478:⁄
436:⁄
380:Trainer
357:Winners
309:trainer
279:⁄
262:⁄
243:Records
97:Surface
87:⁄
1211:&
1161:&
1019:&
1017:Alfred
447:$ 495
403:Win$
376:Jockey
368:Winner
341:&
291:jockey
284:miles)
267:miles)
181:under
121:Weight
1519:1885
1473:1886
1425:1887
1379:1888
1333:1889
1285:1890
1239:1891
1189:1892
1139:1893
1091:1894
1047:1895
997:1896
953:1897
907:1898
859:1899
817:1900
768:1901
722:1902
676:1903
630:1904
584:1905
538:1906
494:1907
452:1908
408:1909
393:Miles
388:Dist.
384:Owner
105:Track
1814:2017
1788:2017
1737:2017
399:Time
364:Year
348:2 –
337:2 –
330:2 –
316:4 –
298:2 –
204:and
130:The
100:Dirt
52:1885
372:Age
142:at
1905::
1880:.
1855:.
1830:.
1804:.
1778:.
1753:.
1728:.
1702:.
1677:.
1652:.
1627:.
1581:.
1525:3
1481:3
1433:3
1387:3
1339:3
1293:3
1245:3
1195:3
1145:3
1099:3
1053:3
1003:3
959:3
913:3
867:3
823:3
776:3
728:3
682:3
638:3
590:3
544:3
500:3
458:3
414:3
165:.
63:–
40:,
1816:.
1790:.
1764:.
1739:.
1688:.
1638:.
1613:.
1549:4
1545:1
1541:1
1505:4
1501:1
1497:1
1459:4
1455:1
1451:1
1411:4
1407:1
1403:1
1365:4
1361:1
1357:1
1319:4
1315:1
1311:1
1271:4
1267:1
1263:1
1225:4
1221:1
1217:1
1175:8
1171:1
1167:1
1125:8
1121:1
1117:1
1077:8
1073:1
1069:1
1033:8
1029:1
1025:1
983:8
979:1
975:1
939:8
935:1
931:1
893:8
889:1
885:1
845:8
841:1
837:1
803:8
799:1
795:1
754:8
750:1
746:1
708:8
704:1
700:1
662:8
658:1
654:1
616:8
612:1
608:1
570:8
566:1
562:1
524:8
520:1
516:1
480:8
476:1
472:1
438:8
434:1
430:1
395:)
391:(
311::
293::
281:4
277:1
274:+
272:1
264:8
260:1
257:+
255:1
89:8
85:1
82:+
80:1
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.