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Females do have a more elaborate external sphincter muscle than males as it is made up of three parts: the sphincter urethrae, the urethrovaginal muscle, and the compressor urethrae. The urethrovaginal muscle fibers wrap around the vagina and urethra and contraction leads to constriction of both the
345:
Gupta S, Sharma R, Agarwal A, Parekh N, Finelli R, Shah R, Kandil H, Saleh R, Arafa M, Ko E, Simopoulou M, Zini A, Rajmil O, Kavoussi P, Singh K, Ambar RF, Elbardisi H, Sengupta P, Martinez M, Boitrelle F, Alves MG, Khalafalla K, Roychoudhury S, Busetto GM, Gosalvez J, Tadros N, Palani A, Rodriguez
206:
is a common problem related to the function of the urethral sphincter. Weak pelvic floor muscles, intrinsic sphincter damage, or damage to the surrounding nerves and tissue can make the urethral sphincter incompetent, and subsequently it will not close fully, leading to stress urinary incontinence.
159:
and external urethral sphincters function to prevent the release of urine. The internal urethral sphincter controls involuntary urine flow from the bladder to the urethra, whereas the external urethral sphincter controls voluntary urine flow from the bladder to the urethra. Any damage to these
1553:
346:
MG, Anagnostopoulou C, Micic S, Rocco L, Mostafa T, Alvarez JG, Jindal S, Sallam H, Rosas IM, Lewis S, AlSaid S, Altan M, Park HJ, Ramsay J, Parekattil S, Sabbaghian M, Tremellen K, Vogiatzi P, Gilani M, Evenson DP, Colpi GM (April 2022).
180:
and it wraps anteriorly around the urethra so when it contracts, it squeezes the urethra against the vagina. The external urethrae, like in males, wraps solely around the urethra.
93:: located at the bladder's inferior end and the urethra's proximal end at the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder. The internal sphincter is a continuation of the
34:
Dissection of prostate showing the fibers of the external sphincter surrounding the membranous urethra and partially cradling the inferior portion of the prostate.
652:
at Human
Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Muscles of the female urogenital diaphragm (deep perineal pouch) and structures located inferior to it."
132:) in males. It is a secondary sphincter to control the flow of urine through the urethra. Unlike the internal sphincter muscle, the external sphincter is made of
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In women, childbirth, obesity, and age can all be risk factors, especially by weakening the pelvic floor muscles. In men, prostate surgery (
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and inserts into the intermeshing muscle fibers from the other side. It is controlled by the deep perineal branch of the
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128:, at the bladder's distal inferior end in females, and inferior to the prostate (at the level of the
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164:. In males, the internal urethral sphincter has the additional function of preventing the flow of
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can happen when the urethra cannot hold the urine in as the bladder contracts uncontrollably.
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vagina and the urethra. The origin of the compressor urethrae muscle is the right and left
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521:"Male Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Review of Surgical Treatment Options and Outcomes"
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348:"A Comprehensive Guide to Sperm Recovery in Infertile Men with Retrograde Ejaculation"
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can occur when the urethral sphincter fails to adequately contract during ejaculation.
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Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
215:, etc) and radiation therapy can damage the sphincter and cause stress incontinence.
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579:"Neurogenic Bladder: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment - Urology Care Foundation"
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Congenital abnormalities of the female urethra can be surgically repaired with
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277:. Edinburgh New York: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. 599–612.
136:, therefore it is under voluntary control of the somatic nervous system.
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The urethral sphincter is considered an integral part of maintaining
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control. This is the primary muscle for prohibiting the release of
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Deep perineal fascia / superficial investing fascia (Gallaudet's)
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Maclean, Allan; Reid, Wendy (2011). "40". In Shaw, Robert (ed.).
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Jung, Junyang; Ahn, Hyo Kwang; Huh, Youngbuhm (September 2012).
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Understanding differences and disorders of sex development (DSD
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464:"Clinical and Functional Anatomy of the Urethral Sphincter"
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Sam, Peter; Jiang, Jay; LaGrange, Chad (31 October 2022).
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85:. Activity in the nerve fibers constricts the urethra.
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77:The external urethral sphincter originates at the
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603:"Urinary Incontinence in Men | Michigan Medicine"
314:"Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Sphincter Urethrae"
287:; Access provided by the University of Pittsburgh
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221:can involve a malfunctioning urethral sphincter.
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70:. When either of these muscles contracts, the
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151:External sphincter muscle of female urethra
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519:Trost, Landon; Elliott, Daniel S. (2012).
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147:External sphincter muscle of male urethra
122:male external sphincter muscle of urethra
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397:Atlas of Human Anatomy, Seventh Edition
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629:This article incorporates text in the
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124:(sphincter urethrae): located in the
91:internal sphincter muscle of urethra
27:Muscles keeping urine in the bladder
1477:Inferior fascia (Perineal membrane)
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468:International Neurourology Journal
64:female external urethral sphincter
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1456:Deep fascia of the penis (Buck's)
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352:The World Journal of Men's Health
58:. The two muscles are either the
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1347:Superficial transverse perineal
18:Sphincter urethrae membranaceae
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910:Intraglomerular mesangial cell
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219:Neurogenic bladder dysfunction
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168:into the male bladder during
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254:Artificial urinary sphincter
141:Function and sex differences
46:used to control the exit of
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1410:Superficial perineal fascia
244:Stress urinary incontinence
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204:Stress urinary incontinence
155:In males and females, both
68:internal urethral sphincter
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1338:Superficial perineal pouch
928:Proximal convoluted tubule
447:: CS1 maint: postscript (
399:. Philadelphia: Elsevier.
297:: CS1 maint: postscript (
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395:Netter, Frank H. (2019).
316:. StatPearls Publishing.
1377:Deep transverse perineal
955:Distal convoluted tubule
650:Anatomy figure: 41:06-04
633:from the 20th edition of
436:University of Pittsburgh
101:, therefore it is under
831:Peritubular capillaries
1056:Ureteropelvic junction
960:Collecting duct system
743:medullary interstitium
231:Retrograde ejaculation
97:muscle and is made of
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1425:in scrotum and penis:
1020:Juxtaglomerular cells
583:www.urologyhealth.org
191:Clinical significance
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1468:Urogenital diaphragm
1439:Deep perineal fascia
178:inferior pubic ramus
162:urinary incontinence
160:muscles can lead to
1382:Urethral sphincters
1368:Deep perineal pouch
1328:Urogenital triangle
1183:Lacunae of Morgagni
1128:Urethral sphincters
538:10.1155/2012/287489
525:Advances in Urology
364:10.5534/wjmh.210069
126:deep perineal pouch
40:urethral sphincters
607:www.uofmhealth.org
249:Membranous urethra
197:urinary continence
130:membranous urethra
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424:. Basel: Karger.
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39:
37:
992:Major calyx
987:Minor calyx
780:Circulation
275:Gynaecology
170:ejaculation
103:involuntary
1548:Categories
938:Descending
880:Glomerulus
846:interlobar
836:Vasa recta
826:Renal vein
801:interlobar
612:2020-04-14
588:2020-04-14
531:: 287489.
260:References
1453:in penis:
1163:prostatic
1132:External
1025:Mesangium
905:Mesangium
796:segmental
787:Arteries
547:1687-6369
488:2093-4777
443:cite book
293:cite book
107:autonomic
1559:Perineum
1280:Internal
1275:External
1249:Perineum
1241:perineum
1148:Internal
1089:(female)
895:Podocyte
851:efferent
816:afferent
738:pyramids
565:22649446
506:23094214
382:34169680
322:29494045
238:See also
157:internal
95:detrusor
66:and the
42:are two
1569:Urethra
1538:Anatomy
1237:Muscles
1115:Urethra
1105:Trigone
1066:Bladder
1048:Ureters
863:Nephron
841:arcuate
806:arcuate
770:Nephron
733:Medulla
716:Capsule
696:Kidneys
556:3356867
497:3469827
373:8987146
327:3 April
72:urethra
56:urethra
50:in the
44:muscles
1524:Portal
1400:Fascia
1311:Middle
1173:spongy
1141:female
822:Veins
726:column
721:Cortex
711:Fascia
704:Layers
639:(1918)
563:
553:
545:
504:
494:
486:
428:
403:
380:
370:
320:
281:
118:female
750:Sinus
166:semen
111:urine
48:urine
1136:male
755:Lobe
561:PMID
543:ISSN
529:2012
502:PMID
484:ISSN
449:link
426:ISBN
401:ISBN
378:PMID
329:2023
318:PMID
299:link
279:ISBN
213:TURP
149:and
116:The
89:The
60:male
38:The
1239:of
551:PMC
533:doi
492:PMC
476:doi
368:PMC
360:doi
120:or
105:or
62:or
1550::
605:.
581:.
559:.
549:.
541:.
527:.
523:.
500:.
490:.
482:.
472:16
470:.
466:.
445:}}
441:{{
376:.
366:.
356:40
354:.
350:.
337:^
295:}}
291:{{
211:,
187:.
172:.
1526::
1458:)
1451:(
1430:)
1423:(
1229:e
1222:t
1215:v
679:e
672:t
665:v
615:.
591:.
567:.
535::
508:.
478::
451:)
409:.
384:.
362::
331:.
301:)
113:.
20:)
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