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238:) that were legally established under the Local Autonomy Law between 1947 and 1956, in an arrangement that was never implemented. They would have been prefecture-independent cities (in an analogous way, special wards are city-independent wards). They were the legal successors to the 1922 "six major cities" (roku daitoshi; only five were left in 1947 as Tokyo City had been abolished in the war) and precursors to the 1956 designated major cities that have expanded autonomy, but not full independence from prefectures.
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enacted on April 1, 2015. Cities with a population of at least 200,000 may now apply to be directly promoted to core city status. Special cities that have not been promoted may still retain autonomy, and are called
196:
Because the level of autonomy delegated to special cities was similar to that for core cities, after consultation with local governments the category of special cities was abolished in the revision of the
1707:
Council of Local
Authorities for International Relations and Institute for Comparative Studies in Local Governance, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies. – Note: this paper translates
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365:
178:
in Japan in operation until 2015. Each special city had a population of at least 200,000, and was delegated functions normally carried out by
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193:, article 252 clause 26. They were designated by the Cabinet after a request by a city council and a prefectural assembly.
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1741:"Large City System of Japan"; graphic shows special cities compared with other Japanese city types at p. 1
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As of 2015, when the category was abolished, 23 cities had been designated special cities:
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1728:"Japan's Evolving Nested Municipal Hierarchy: The Race for Local Power in the 2000s,"
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732:
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570:
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462:
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2318:
2278:
2015:
1995:
1840:
1830:
1820:
1755:
1655:
859:
643:
535:
346:
2542:; eligible for core city status but not yet nominated; to become core cities
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1419:
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182:. Those functions were a subset of the functions that were delegated to
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1746:"Growth in Second Tier Cities - Urban Policy Lessons from Japan"
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The category of special cities was established by the
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1711:as "special case city" and uses "special city" for
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226:The special cities were not the same as the
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204:special cities for the enforcement period
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230:. They were also different from the
1752:on classes of Japanese cities (PDF)
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1705:The Large City System of Japan
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232:special (designated) cities
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250:Administrative divisions
1736:doi:10.1155/2011/692764
1732:Urban Studies Research,
180:prefectural governments
1811:Special wards of Tokyo
1703:Satoru Ohsugi (2011):
242:List of special cities
228:special wards of Tokyo
146:
2560:Subdivisions of Japan
321:Special wards (Tokyo)
129:
16:Type of city of Japan
2502:Prefectural capitals
413:Date of designation
2540:prefectural capital
2506:without designation
1787:Metropolitan cities
216:Shikōji Tokurei shi
135:― Designated cities
130:(Circle click-able)
1734:Vol. 2011 (2011);
1730:by A.J. Jacobs at
1686:日本總務省 - 中核市・施行時特例市
199:Local Autonomy Act
191:Local Autonomy Law
174:was a category of
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1938:Designated cities
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1803:Tokyo Metropolis
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145:― Special cities
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2565:Cities in Japan
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1713:tokubetsu-shi
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339:Sub-municipal
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140:― Core cities
2373:
2124:Higashiōsaka
1750:CLAIR London
1748:briefing by
1731:
1712:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1679:
406:Population (
384:
305:
235:
225:
203:
195:
188:
151:special city
150:
148:
2294:Shimonoseki
2269:Nishinomiya
2051:Core cities
1709:tokurei-shi
1691:soumo.go.jp
1647:2000-04-01
1593:2000-04-01
1539:2007-04-01
1485:2002-04-01
1431:2003-04-01
1377:2004-04-01
1323:2014-04-01
1269:2007-04-01
1215:2000-04-01
1161:2000-04-01
1107:2007-04-01
1053:2009-04-01
999:2002-04-01
945:2008-04-01
891:2002-04-01
837:2002-04-01
783:2007-04-01
729:2007-04-01
675:2001-04-01
621:2001-04-01
567:2001-04-01
513:2003-04-01
459:2002-04-01
419:Prefecture
301:Core cities
264:Prefectures
258:Prefectural
184:core cities
2554:Categories
2477:Tokorozawa
2472:Takarazuka
2344:Utsunomiya
2139:Ichinomiya
2011:Sagamihara
1971:Kitakyushu
1851:Katsushika
1671:References
1454:Tokorozawa
1400:Takarazuka
403:Area (km)
163:Tokureishi
2524:Yamaguchi
2519:Tokushima
2492:Yokkaichi
2432:Kishiwada
2397:Hiratsuka
2387:Chigasaki
2329:Toyohashi
2314:Takatsuki
2304:Takamatsu
2224:Matsuyama
2219:Matsumoto
2194:Kurashiki
2189:Koshigaya
2169:Kawaguchi
2149:Kagoshima
2109:Hachinohe
2099:Funabashi
2089:Fukushima
2079:Asahikawa
2069:Amagasaki
1961:Hiroshima
1956:Hamamatsu
1901:Shinagawa
1616:Yokkaichi
968:Kishiwada
590:Hiratsuka
482:Chigasaki
394:Japanese
287:Municipal
2437:Kumagaya
2427:Kasukabe
2417:Kakogawa
2364:Yokosuka
2359:Yamagata
2349:Wakayama
2334:Toyonaka
2309:Takasaki
2264:Neyagawa
2254:Nagasaki
2229:Miyazaki
2209:Maebashi
2184:Kōriyama
2154:Kanazawa
2134:Hirakata
2119:Hakodate
2114:Hachiōji
2094:Fukuyama
2041:Yokohama
2036:Shizuoka
1981:Kumamoto
1966:Kawasaki
1911:Suginami
1906:Shinjuku
1891:Setagaya
1846:Itabashi
1644:306,107
1602:Kanagawa
1590:230,357
1536:244,528
1482:344,194
1428:227,617
1374:244,851
1320:237,501
1266:217,107
1224:Kanagawa
1212:194,672
1170:Shizuoka
1158:199,883
1104:281,101
1050:201,814
1022:Kumagaya
996:197,629
942:236,976
914:Kasukabe
888:306,573
834:268,175
806:Kakogawa
780:202,366
726:207,253
672:276,474
630:Kanagawa
618:260,061
576:Shizuoka
564:245,015
522:Kanagawa
510:239,874
468:Kanagawa
456:224,181
331:Villages
252:of Japan
2538:also a
2482:Tsukuba
2452:Odawara
2442:Nagaoka
2422:Kasugai
2407:Isesaki
2402:Ibaraki
2319:Tottori
2279:Okazaki
2239:Morioka
2164:Kawagoe
2159:Kashiwa
2026:Sapporo
2016:Saitama
2001:Okayama
1996:Niigata
1951:Fukuoka
1921:Toshima
1896:Shibuya
1841:Edogawa
1831:Chiyoda
1821:Arakawa
1641:206.44
1548:Ibaraki
1533:283.72
1508:Tsukuba
1494:Saitama
1425:101.89
1386:Saitama
1317:431.84
1263:175.54
1209:113.79
1184:Odawara
1155:186.96
1116:Niigata
1101:891.06
1076:Nagaoka
1062:Saitama
1047:159.82
954:Saitama
860:Kasugai
831:138.51
792:Niigata
777:973.81
723:139.44
698:Isesaki
644:Ibaraki
561:244.95
416:Region
400:Emblem
2487:Yamato
2447:Numazu
2412:Jōetsu
2382:Atsugi
2339:Toyota
2324:Toyama
2289:Sasebo
2249:Nagano
2214:Matsue
2204:Kurume
2129:Himeji
2074:Aomori
2059:Akashi
2031:Sendai
1991:Nagoya
1916:Sumida
1881:Nerima
1876:Nakano
1871:Minato
1866:Meguro
1826:Bunkyō
1816:Adachi
1587:27.09
1562:Yamato
1479:72.11
1435:Kansai
1371:27.46
1327:Kyushu
1130:Numazu
1003:Kansai
993:72.68
939:66.00
885:92.78
841:Kansai
752:Jōetsu
679:Kansai
669:76.52
615:67.88
507:35.71
453:93.83
428:Atsugi
311:Cities
234:(特別市,
210:施行時特例市
176:cities
2299:Suita
2174:Kōchi
2144:Iwaki
2084:Fukui
2064:Akita
2021:Sakai
2006:Osaka
1986:Kyoto
1946:Chiba
1926:Taitō
1791:Japan
1651:Chūbu
1597:Kantō
1543:Kantō
1489:Kantō
1440:Hyōgo
1381:Kantō
1278:Gunma
1273:Kantō
1219:Kantō
1165:Chūbu
1111:Chūbu
1057:Kantō
1008:Osaka
949:Kantō
900:Aichi
895:Chūbu
846:Hyōgo
787:Chūbu
738:Gunma
733:Kantō
684:Osaka
625:Kantō
571:Chūbu
517:Kantō
463:Kantō
397:Flag
391:Name
347:Wards
326:Towns
172:Japan
2467:Sōka
2462:Saga
2392:Fuji
2284:Ōtsu
2274:Ōita
2259:Nara
2244:Naha
2234:Mito
2199:Kure
2179:Kōfu
2104:Gifu
1976:Kobe
1861:Kōtō
1856:Kita
1836:Chūō
1622:四日市市
1514:つくば市
1346:Sōka
1332:Saga
1292:Saga
1190:小田原市
974:岸和田市
920:春日部市
866:春日井市
812:加古川市
704:伊勢崎市
536:Fuji
488:茅ヶ崎市
422:Map
408:2012
315:List
2514:Tsu
2457:Ōta
2354:Yao
1886:Ōta
1789:of
1656:Mie
1568:大和市
1460:所沢市
1406:宝塚市
1352:草加市
1298:佐賀市
1244:太田市
1238:Ōta
1136:沼津市
1082:長岡市
1028:熊谷市
758:上越市
650:茨木市
596:平塚市
542:富士市
434:厚木市
170:of
157:特例市
2556::
1689:.
410:)
213:,
186:.
160:,
149:A
1779:e
1772:t
1765:v
1693:.
374:e
367:t
360:v
317:)
313:(
220:)
207:(
167:)
154:(
143:■
138:■
133:■
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