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266:. SALVO had earlier concluded that a small weapon with a high rate of fire would be considerably deadlier than the large "full power" weapons being developed in the 1950s, and followed several lines of investigation to find the best way to provide high firing rates. SALVO had a small number of "duplex load" weapons developed, where two bullets were stacked, while Springfield Armory and Olin/Winchester both entered multiple barrel firearms.
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324:. Interested in the original shotgun-type shells, they recommended development of a dedicated flechette-firing weapon combined with a grenade launcher, the SPIW. The final requirements resulted in an over-under weapon, firing flechettes from one barrel, and grenades from the other. It was to weigh under 10 pounds (4.5 kilograms) fully loaded with three grenades and 60 flechettes.
277:, resulting in a 12 gauge shotgun shell firing 32 flechettes. The Army later added funding as well, and AAI was invited to SALVO. In SALVO testing they were found to be able to penetrate one side of a standard steel helmet at 500 yards (460 m)—excellent given their light weight—but the dispersion of the darts was so great as to make them only marginally useful.
288:) rounds, but with equal penetration and a trajectory so flat it could be fired with no sight adjustment out to 400 yards (370 m). Better yet the rounds were very light, and had almost no recoil in comparison to even the .22-caliber weapons under development. This meant they could be fired at extremely high rates of fire, from a very lightweight weapon.
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While the weapons delivered on their promise of extremely high rates of fire and excellent penetration, the rounds themselves were extremely expensive to produce, and the darts could be easily deflected in flight even by heavy rain. Finally, the rounds gave off extremely loud reports and had a huge muzzle flash, making the guns easily visible in low light.
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conclusion was that the light weight of the flechette meant that it could be fired at extremely high rates of fire, the baseline being 2300 rpm, from a weapon of only 3.5 pounds (1.6 kilograms), fully loaded with 60 rounds. Accordingly, the Army became extremely interested in the weapon. The conclusion of
Project SALVO was to adopt the
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fiberglass fragments with each round fired. SALVO mainly studied weapons and ammunition as opposed to developing them. It determined that higher velocity projectiles, smaller than .308 (7.62 mm), had equal or greater lethality with less weight. It also found that fully automatic fire did not increase hit probability.
361:
The conclusion of the testing was that none of the weapons were ready for development into a combat system. The AAI flechette portion and the
Winchester grenade launcher were both interesting for general development, however. More worrying was the result of general testing of the flechette concept.
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The H&R design was the most advanced. It mounted the dart between three plastic sabots in a triangular plastic cartridge. When fired, the sabots were discarded early in small "sub-barrels" while the dart continued down the main barrel. Although the rounds were lightweight the weapon itself was
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Since the Army was by this time only interested in fully automatic weapons, Barr suggested that they build a multiple barrel prototype in order to quickly test the concept. Various multiple barrel rifles entered the project. The resulting "burst simulators" were tested in 1961, and the general
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A second round of testing followed, with the
Springfield model adopting the Winchester grenade launcher with a disposable magazine and a new side-by-side layout for the flechette magazines. AAI's design was equipped with their semi-automatic launcher, which was now complete, and a new plastic
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Project SALVO began in 1951 and was based on the assumption that firing multiple projectiles would increase the probability of hitting the target. Consideration to lighter ammunition types and rifle/grenade launcher combinations was given. Flechettes were found to be inaccurate and expelled
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Winchester's design used a "soft recoil" stock which absorbed the recoil of an individual round in a spring. The idea was to allow three rounds to be fired before the spring was completely compressed, meaning that there was very little recoil until the end of the burst. This was intended to
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It was based on the assumption that accuracy errors made by stressed soldiers could be made up for by launching multiple rounds per trigger pull. The conclusion of the ACR program was that even firing multiple projectiles could not substantially compensate for shooter error.
378:". Changes in the Army command structure and the adoption of the M16 made interest in the SPIW fade, and eventually the project was allowed to die. AAI's original "simple" grenade launcher turned out to be a major success: it was selected as the
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AAI's design was the least technically advanced. The flechette gun portion was somewhat heavy, but fired at 2400 rpm. Their grenade launcher was a simple single-shot weapon; their semi-automatic version was not ready in time for testing.
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design. (Springfield had closed in 1968.) Additional entries with multiple flechettes or bullets ("micro-caliber") were also entered, mirroring the original SALVO tests of the 1950s. However, the program came under attack by the
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dramatically increase the accuracy of burst fire, but the system never truly worked, and was later dropped. The grenade launcher portion of the design proved much more interesting, however, and work continued on that portion.
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as a waste of money, and was forced to scale back. Testing finally began in 1974. The AAI design never managed to fire more than six bursts before jamming. A possible entrant was the French designed VFIW assault rifle.
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AAI continued development at a low level, and eventually managed to dramatically improve the reliability of their XM19. However, this revealed another problem: heat buildup in the chamber was great enough to result in
339:. AAI continued with the original 5.6Ă—53mm XM110 rounds, while Springfield and Winchester used a new 5.6Ă—44mm XM144 cartridge. The H&R design loaded the dart from the XM144 into their own cartridge design.
354:, taking rounds from the front magazine first. However, their massive magazine-fed grenade launcher pushed the weight to 14 pounds (6.4 kilograms), and it seemed unlikely this could be reduced by much.
442:. Although the basic problem of a single-dart flechette round had finally been solved by this time, none of the weapons entered offered the 100% improvement over the M16 that the Army tests required.
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buttstock/sighting system. Neither updated version proved very reliable and both were over the 10 pounds (4.5 kilograms) limit. In 1966 SPIW was put into "maintenance mode" and the
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had been developing single and multiple flechette cartridges. The Navy became sufficiently interested in the concept to provide him with some development funding from the
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246:-firing "rifle", though other concepts were also involved. The concepts continued to be tested under the Future Rifle Program and again in the 1980s under the
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rifle with new XM110 5.6x53mm rounds firing a single dart. The result was a weapon with somewhat less accuracy than the .308Win (
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The
Springfield entry was most interesting for its layout. It used two 30-round magazines in tandem in a
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not, at 24 pounds (11 kilograms) loaded, and the weapon was quickly eliminated from the contest.
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The concept of firing flechette ammunition was revived for the last time during the 1986
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The idea of a flechette-firing individual weapon started in earnest during the Army's
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The
Special Purpose Individual Weapon at the museum of the Aberdeen Proving Ground in
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Infantry Weapon adapted to fire a plurality of cartridges simoutaneously
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592:"Operating mechanism for a plural barrel rifle with a feeding rotor"
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In 1969, the Army started the Future Rifle
Program, and invited
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60-round detachable box magazine (Project SALVO and NIBLICK)
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Perception Meets
Reality: The 2009 Enhanced Carbine Program
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History of operations research in the United States Army
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654:
Charles R. Shrader; United States. Dept. of the Army.
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Four companies responded to the contract tender: AAI,
566:"The Gun Zone -- A 5.56 X 45mm "Timeline" 1957-1962"
438:to the more exotic flechette designs, such as the
382:in 1968 and became a common weapon under the M16.
716:A Brief History of Fléchette and the SPIW Project
1638:Trial and research firearms of the United States
1608:Abandoned military projects of the United States
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513:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
189:flechette rounds, XM110 5.6Ă—53mm (Project SALVO)
419:
1570:Springfield Special Purpose Individual Weapon
773:
741:The SPIW: The Deadliest Weapon That Never Was
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280:Further development continued by adapting a
697:Pivotally Mounted Oscillating Breech Member
660:. Government Printing Office. p. 102.
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269:Even before the SALVO tests, Irwin Barr of
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476:Objective Individual Combat Weapon program
168:14 lb (6.4 kg) (Project NIBLICK)
544:Learn how and when to remove this message
406:'s Dual Cycle Rifle, a derivative of the
320:, follow-on to SALVO to develop a modern
159:3.5 lb (1.6 kg) (Project SALVO)
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
389:
29:This article includes a list of general
1600:
644:- SAdefensejournal.com, 15 August 2011
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1125:W+F C42 (Stgw 90 "kurz Version C 2")
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15:
1613:Assault rifles of the United States
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616:"Feeding mechanism for a salvo gun"
461:Lightweight Small Arms Technologies
13:
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307:
85:Special Purpose Individual Weapon
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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810:Advanced Individual Combat Weapon
232:Special Purpose Individual Weapon
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743:. Collector Grade Publications.
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242:program to develop, in part, a
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1:
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1544:Standard Manufacturing DP-12
7:
703:SK Janson Salvo machine gun
691:Multiple barrel machine gun
449:
420:Advanced Combat Rifle (ACR)
337:Harrington & Richardson
316:, ORO, had been working on
10:
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1499:Heckler & Koch HK CAWS
456:Attached grenade launchers
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314:Operations Research Office
205:2400 rpm (Project NIBLICK)
1628:Multi-barrel machine guns
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1394:DSR-Precision GmbH DSR-50
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127:Place of origin
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1633:Multiple-barrel firearms
1529:Mossberg 500/590 Bullpup
1326:DSR-Precision GmbH DSR-1
499:This article includes a
466:List of bullpup firearms
386:The Future Rifle Program
275:Office of Naval Research
202:2300 rpm (Project SALVO)
162:10 lb (4.5 kg)
528:more precise citations.
165:24 lb (11 kg)
78:Bullpup flechette rifle
50:more precise citations.
1504:High Standard Model 10
885:Heckler & Koch G11
413:United States Congress
395:
312:Meanwhile, the Army's
195:Rate of fire
1278:Bushmaster Arm Pistol
711:freepatentsonline.com
705:freepatentsonline.com
699:freepatentsonline.com
693:freepatentsonline.com
432:Advanced Combat Rifle
426:Advanced Combat Rifle
393:
248:Advanced Combat Rifle
238:) was a long-running
1565:ADS amphibious rifle
1361:Anti-materiel rifles
1243:Steyr AUG A3 Para XS
825:ADS amphibious rifle
1429:PanzerbĂĽchse M.SS41
1273:Bond Arms BullPup 9
1055:Springfield Hellion
735:Stevens, R. Blake;
572:on 26 December 2014
300:, which became the
282:Winchester Model 70
1623:Flechette firearms
1575:S&T Daewoo K11
1035:S&T Daewoo XK8
1020:Pindad SS2 Bullpup
501:list of references
396:
329:Springfield Armory
240:United States Army
135:Production history
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1539:Pancor Jackhammer
915:Interdynamics MKR
750:978-0-88935-038-0
714:Watters, Daniel "
667:978-0-16-087337-9
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408:Springfield SALVO
402:to enter against
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1618:Bullpup firearms
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1283:Remington XP-100
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1185:Pecheneg Bullpup
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1005:Norinco Type 86S
789:Bullpup firearms
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737:Ezell, Edward C.
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568:. Archived from
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404:General Electric
322:grenade launcher
213:Feed system
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1311:Desert Tech SRS
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271:AAI Corporation
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1346:VSSK Vykhlop
1288:USFA ZiP .22
1261:Boberg XR9-S
1177:Machine guns
1167:Thorneycroft
1115:Vektor CR-21
1010:OTs-14 Groza
900:Tavor TAR-21
870:FB MSBS Grot
815:Armtech C30R
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570:the original
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1409:HK WSG 2000
1379:Barrett M95
1374:Barrett M90
1264: [
1130:Walther G22
1000:NIVA XM1970
935:Kel-Tec RFB
930:Kel-Tec RDB
910:IWI Tavor 7
624:23 December
600:23 December
576:23 December
526:introducing
471:NIVA XM1970
48:introducing
1602:Categories
1479:Crye Six12
1195:SAR 21 LMG
1105:Valmet M82
980:Magpul PDR
975:LAPA FA-03
721:thegunzone
482:References
31:references
1585:XM29 OICW
1580:XM25 CDTE
1519:Kushnapup
1085:TKB-022PM
1065:Steyr AUG
1060:Steyr ACR
995:Model 45A
925:KAL1 GPIR
905:Tavor X95
440:Steyr ACR
370:adopted.
302:M16 rifle
244:flechette
182:Cartridge
118:flechette
1471:Shotguns
1456:WKW Wilk
1253:Handguns
1149:Carbines
1080:TKB-0146
875:FN F2000
820:ASh-12.7
739:(1985).
686:Database
450:See also
436:Colt ACR
376:cook off
187:12 gauge
140:Designed
103:Maryland
99:Aberdeen
1336:OTs-48K
1228:JS 9 mm
1100:Type 11
1095:TKB-408
1090:TKB-059
1075:TKB-011
1070:STG-556
955:L86 LSW
940:KH-2002
895:IFAR 22
880:Grad AR
860:EMER-K1
680:Details
522:improve
115:Bullpup
44:improve
1524:KS-23K
1404:Gepárd
1399:Falcon
1341:QBU-88
1233:QCW-05
1218:FN P90
1190:QBB-95
1045:SAR 21
1025:QBZ-95
985:Malyuk
945:L64/65
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221:Sights
33:, but
1558:Other
1461:PDShP
1451:SV-18
1441:RT-20
1436:]
1419:Mambi
1369:Arash
1331:M89SR
1268:]
1157:AGM-1
1015:PAPOP
865:FAMAS
619:(PDF)
595:(PDF)
507:, or
121:rifle
1414:KSVK
1120:Vepr
1050:Sieg
1040:SA80
990:MR-C
970:LA-4
965:LA-1
855:EM-4
850:EM-2
845:EM-1
830:BR18
805:A-91
745:ISBN
723:.com
662:ISBN
626:2014
602:2014
578:2014
380:M203
335:and
236:SPIW
230:The
224:None
153:Mass
143:1951
111:Type
1321:SVU
1306:Bor
1162:L22
960:L98
950:L85
920:K-3
400:AAI
368:M16
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