Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire

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millions of discarded mollusk shells, which protected the ridges from erosion for nearly 4700 years prior to the Spanish arrival, and produced a vast corrugated landscape that is visible from space. This incidental landscape protection came to a swift end, however, after diseases brought by Spanish colonists decimated the local population and after colonial officials resettled the survivors inland, without humans to create the protective covering, newly formed beach ridges simply eroded and vanished. According to archaeologist Torben Rick, parts of the northern coast of Peru may look completely natural and pristine, "but if you rewind the clock a couple of millennia, you see that people were actively shaping this land by creating beach ridge systems".

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that they could leave gold or silver worth a hundred thousand pesos in their open house. So that when they discovered that we were thieves and men who sought to force their wives and daughters to commit sin with them, they despised us. But now things have come to such a pass in offence of God, owing to the bad example we have set them in all things, that these natives from doing no evil have turned into people who can do no good.. I beg God to pardon me, for I am moved to say this, seeing that I am the last to die of the Conquistadors."

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the Inca did not have as strong a writing tradition as the Aztec or Maya, it is difficult for historians to estimate population decline or any events after conquest. But, it is sometimes argued, and equally disputed among scholars that the Inca began to contract these diseases several years before the Spanish appeared in the region, as it was possibly carried to their empire by traders and travelers. The outbreak, argued to be hemorrhagic

2366: 2348: 4917: 9609: 3533: 2117: 9597: 3547: 9621: 2627:. On the first day of the battle for Cuzco, the forces loyal to Huáscar gained an early advantage. However, on the second day, Huáscar personally led an ill-advised "surprise" attack, of which the generals Challcuchima and Quisquis had advanced knowledge. In the ensuing battle, Huáscar was captured, and resistance completely collapsed. The victorious generals sent word north by 3085: 2986:. Greedy for gold, Alvarado had set sail for the south without the crown's authorization, landed on the Ecuadorian coast, and marched inland to the Sierra. Finding Quito empty of its people's treasure, Alvarado soon joined the combined Spanish force. Alvarado agreed to sell his fleet of twelve ships, his forces, plus arms and ammunition, and returned to Guatemala. 2251:

empire to be governed under the control of local leaders, who were watched and monitored by Inca officials. Under the administrative mechanisms established by the Inca, all parts of the empire answered to, and were ultimately under the direct control of, the Inca Emperor. Scholars estimate that the population of the Inca Empire was more than 16,000,000.

2808:, arrived. He replied with what he had heard from his scouts, that that the Spanish had been killing and enslaving countless numbers of people and civilians on the coast. Pizarro denied the report and Atahualpa, with limited information, reluctantly let the matter go. At the end of their meeting, the men agreed to meet the next day at Cajamarca. 2608:. This region had supplied large numbers of soldiers for Huáscar's forces. After a period of diplomatic posturing and jockeying for position, open warfare broke out. Huáscar seemed poised to bring the war to a rapid and decisive conclusion, as troops loyal to him took Atahualpa prisoner, while he was attending a festival in the city of 2943:

ordered secret attacks and his warriors were hidden in the surrounding area. Soto went with a small force to scout for the hidden army, and the show trial of Atahualpa was held in his absence. Among the charges were polygamy, incestuous marriage, and idolatry, all frowned upon in Catholicism but common in Inca culture and religion.

2951:. He was buried with Christian rites in the church of San Francisco at Cajamarca, but was soon disinterred. His body was recovered, probably at his prior request, and borne to its final resting place in Quito. Upon de Soto's return, he was furious; he had found no evidence of any secret gathering of Atahualpa's warriors. 3145:

The integration of Spanish culture into Peru was carried out not only by Pizarro and his other captains, but also by the many Spanish who also came to Peru to exploit its riches and inhabit its land. These included many different kinds of immigrants such as Spanish merchants, peasants, artisans, and

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A struggle for power resulted in a long civil war between Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro in which Almagro was killed. Almagro's loyal followers and his descendants later avenged his death by killing Pizarro in 1541. This was done inside the palace of Francisco Pizarro in a fight to the death

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The majority of Atahualpa's troops were in the Cuzco region along with Quisquis and Challcuchima, the two generals he trusted the most. This was a major disadvantage for the Inca. Their undoing also resulted from a lack of self-confidence, and a desire to make public demonstration of fearlessness and

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to the Atahualpa's camp. De Soto rode to meet Atahualpa on his horse, an animal that Atahualpa had never seen before. With one of his young interpreters, Soto read a prepared speech to Atahualpa telling him that they had come as servants of God to teach them the truth about God's word. He said he was

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After traveling with the Spanish, Cinquinchara returned to Atahualpa; they discussed whether or not the Spanish men were gods. Cinquinchara decided they were men because he saw them eat, drink, dress, and have relations with women. He saw them produce no miracles. Cinquinchara informed Atahualpa that

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between the princes Huáscar and Atahualpa. Atahualpa seems to have spent more time with Huayna Capac during the years when he was in the north with the army conquering Ecuador. Atahualpa was thus closer to and had better relations with the army and its leading generals. When both Huayna Capac and his

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outbreak occurred, there was another decline of 25–30 percent. Finally, when smallpox and measles epidemics occurred together, which occurred from 1585 to 1591, a decline of 30–60 percent occurred. Collectively these declines amounted to a decline of 93 percent from the pre-contact population in the

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The single greatest cause of the decimation of native populations was Old World infectious diseases, carried by colonists and conquistadors. As these were new to the natives, they had no acquired immunity and suffered very high rates of death. More died of disease than any army or armed conflict. As

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Manco Inca initially had good relations with Francisco Pizarro and several other Spanish conquistadors. However, in 1535 he was left in Cuzco under the control of Pizarro's brothers, Juan and Gonzalo, who so mistreated Manco Inca that he ultimately rebelled. Under the pretense of recovering a statue

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Expansion had caused its own set of problems. Many parts of the empire retained distinct cultures, which were at best reluctant to become part of the greater imperial project. Due to its size, and the fact that all communication and travel had to take place by foot or by boat, the Inca Empire proved

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from about 400,000 km (150,000 sq mi) in 1448 to 1,800,000 km (690,000 sq mi) in 1528, just before the arrival of the Spanish. This vast area of land varied greatly in culture and climate. Because of the diverse cultures and geography, the Inca allowed many areas of the

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When I set out to write for the people of today and of the future, about the conquest and discovery that our Spaniards made here in Peru, I could not but reflect that I was dealing with the greatest matters one could possibly write about in all of creation as far as secular history goes. Where have

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Archaeological evidence of the rebellion incident exists, showing that the Spanish conquistadors were aided by native Indian allies. The remains of about 70 men, women, and adolescents were found in the path of a planned expressway near Lima in 2007. Forensic evidence suggests that European weapons

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The question eventually came up of what to do with Atahualpa; both Pizarro and Soto reportedly spoke against killing him, but the other Spaniards were loud in their demands for death. False interpretations from the interpreter Felipillo made the Spaniards paranoid. They were told that Atahualpa had

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and promised twice that amount in silver. While Pizarro ostensibly accepted this offer and allowed the gold to pile up, he had no intention of releasing the Inca. He needed Atahualpa's influence over his generals and the people in order to maintain the peace. The treasure began to be delivered from

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was tall with a full beard and was completely wrapped in clothing. The Natives described the men's swords and how they killed sheep with them. The men did not eat human flesh, but rather sheep, lamb, duck, pigeons, and deer, and cooked the meat. Atahualpa was fearful of what the newly arrived white

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I wish Your Majesty to understand the motive that moves me to make this statement is the peace of my conscience and because of the guilt I share. For we have destroyed by our evil behaviour such a government as was enjoyed by these natives. They were so free of crime and greed, both men and women,

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Another significant effect on the people in South America was the spread of Christianity. As Pizarro and the Spanish subdued the continent and brought it under their control, they forcefully converted many to Christianity, claiming to have educated them in the ways of the "one true religion." With

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Beyond the devastation of the local populations by disease, they suffered considerable enslavement, pillaging and destruction from warfare. The Spanish took thousands of women from the local natives to use as servants and concubines. As Pizarro and his men took over portions of South America, they

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In total, the conquest took about forty years to complete. Many Inca attempts to regain their empire had occurred, but none had been successful. Thus the Spanish conquest was achieved, aided by factors like smallpox and a great communication and cultural divide. The Spaniards destroyed much of the

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The Spaniards unleashed volleys of gunfire at the vulnerable mass of Incas and surged forward in a concerted action. Pizarro also used devastating cavalry charges against the Inca forces, which stunned them in combination with the supporting gunfire. However, many of the guns used by the Spaniards

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The houses are more than two hundred paces in length, and very well built, being surrounded by strong walls, three times the height of a man. The roofs are covered with straw and wood, resting on the walls. The interiors are divided into eight rooms, much better built than any we had seen before.

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Historians differ as to whether the illness of the 1520s was smallpox; a minority of scholars claim that the epidemic was due to an indigenous illness called Carrion's disease. In any case, a 1981 study by N. D. Cook the shows that the Andes suffered from three separate population declines during

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The arrival of the Spanish also had an unexpected impact on the land itself. Recent research points out that the Spanish conquest altered Peru's shoreline. Before the Spaniards arrived, inhabitants of the arid northern Peruvian coast clad massive sandy ridges with an accidental form of "armor",

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in power. He began his rule as an ally of the Spanish and was respected in the southern regions of the empire, but there was still much unrest in the north near Quito where Atahualpa's generals were amassing troops. Atahualpa's murder meant that there was no hostage left to deter these northern

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The men who were against Atahualpa's conviction and murder argued that he should be judged by King Charles since he was the sovereign prince. Atahualpa was forced to submit to baptism to avoid being burned at the stake and in the hopes of one day rejoining his army and killing the Spanish; they

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When has it ever happened, either in ancient or modern times, that such amazing exploits have been achieved? Over so many climes, across so many seas, over such distances by land, to subdue the unseen and unknown? Whose deeds can be compared with those of Spain? Not even the ancient Greeks and

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The long-term effects of the arrival of the Spanish on the population of South America were catastrophic. While this was the case for every group of Native-Americans invaded by Europeans during this time period, the Inca population suffered an exceptionally dramatic and rapid decline following

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was waged until the following spring, and during that time Manco's armies managed to wipe out four relief columns sent from Lima, but was ultimately unsuccessful in its goal of routing the Spaniards from the city. The Inca leadership did not have the full support of all its subject peoples and

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The civil war between Atahualpa and Huascar weakened the empire immediately prior to its struggle with the Spanish. Historians are unsure if a united Inca Empire would have defeated the Spanish in the long term due to factors such as the high mortality from disease and the resulting social

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The next morning, on 16 November 1532, Pizarro had arranged an ambuscade around the Cajamarca plaza, where they were to meet. At this point, Pizarro had in total 168 men under his command: 106 on foot and 62 on horseback. When Atahualpa arrived with about 6,000 unarmed followers, Friar

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Additionally, they invited the Inca leader to visit Pizarro at his quarters along the Cajamarca plaza. When De Soto noticed Atahualpa's interest in his horse, he put on a display of "excellent horsemanship" in close proximity. Atahualpa displayed hospitality by serving refreshments.

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they were small in number, about 170–180 men, and had bound the Native captives with "iron ropes". When Atahualpa asked what to do about the strangers, Cinquinchara advised that they be killed because they were evil thieves who would take whatever they wanted, and were "

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the depopulation of the local populations along with the capitulation of the Inca Empire, the Spanish missionary work after colonization began was able to continue unimpeded. It took just a generation for the entire continent to be under Christian influence.

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fought alongside the Spanish as they opposed Inca rule. The basic policy of the Spanish towards local populations was that voluntary vassalage would yield safety and coexistence, while continued resistance would result in more deaths and destruction.

2612:. However, Atahualpa quickly escaped and returned to Quito. There, he was able to amass what is estimated to be at least 30,000 well-trained soldiers. While Huáscar managed to muster about the same number of soldiers, they were much less experienced. 3482:

men ever seen the things they have seen here? And to think that God should have permitted something so great to remain hidden from the world for so long in history, unknown to men, and then let it be found, discovered and won all in our own time!

2720:, he tried to piece together the situation before him. From two local boys, whom Pizarro had taught how to speak Spanish in order to translate for him, Pizarro learned of the civil war and of the disease that was destroying the Inca Empire. 2910:. During Atahualpa's captivity, the Spanish, although greatly outnumbered, forced him to order his generals to back down by threatening to kill him if he did not. According to the Spanish envoy's demands, Atahualpa offered to fill a large 2915:

Cuzco on 20 December 1532 and flowed steadily from then on. By 3 May 1533 Pizarro received all the treasure he had requested; it was melted, refined, and made into bars. Hernando Pizarro went to gather gold and silver from the temples in

2596:, and primitive, but effective, firearms. Atahualpa appeared to be more popular with the people than his brother, and he was certainly more valued by the army, the core of which was based in the recently conquered northern province of 2296:

Huayna Capac relied on his sons to support his reign. While he had many legitimate-born of his sister-wife, under the Inca system- and illegitimate children, two sons are historically important. Prince Túpac Cusi Hualpa, also known as

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Their walls are of very well cut stones and each lodging is surrounded by its masonry wall with doorways, and has its fountain of water in an open court, conveyed from a distance by pipes, for the supply of the house. In front of the

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with the aid of Cañari tribesmen who served as guides and allies to the conquering Spaniards. Rumiñahui fell back to Quito, and, while in pursuit of the Inca army, Benalcázar was joined by five hundred men led by Guatemalan Governor

3504:, towards the open country, a stone fortress is connected with it by a staircase leading from the square to the fort. Towards the open country there is another small door, with a narrow staircase, all within the outer wall of the 3508:. Above the town, on the mountain side, where the houses commence, there is another fort on a hill, the greater part of which is hewn out of the rock. This is larger than the other, and surrounded by three walls, rising spirally. 2603:

At the outset of the conflict, each brother controlled his respective domains, with Atahualpa secure in the north, and Huáscar controlling the capital of Cuzco and the large territory to the south, including the area around

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or "gods who are benefactors of the people," then he should not flee, but welcome them. The messengers went back to Tangarala, and Atahualpa sent Cinquinchara, an Orejon warrior, to the Spanish to serve as an interpreter.

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Though the historical accounts relating to the circumstances vary, the true Spanish motives for the attack seemed to be a desire for loot and flat-out impatience. The Inca likely did not adequately understand the

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to work alongside captive Incas for use in labor with things such as agriculture and mining for silver. These people all brought with them their own pieces of Spanish culture to integrate into Peruvian society.

2258:, believe that while the Spanish conquest was undoubtedly the proximate cause of the collapse of the Inca Empire, it may very well have been past its peak and already in the process of decline. In 1528, Emperor 2637:. The messenger arrived with news of the final victory on the same day that Pizarro and his small band of adventurers, together with some indigenous allies, descended from the Andes into the town of Cajamarca. 3031:

furthermore, the degrading state of Inca morale coupled with the superior Spanish siege weapons soon made Manco Inca realize his hope of recapturing Cuzco was failing. Manco Inca eventually withdrew to Tambo.

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The largest of these great imperial states was the Inca Empire or Tawantinsuyu—the empire of the four parts—which extended from its capital in Cusco to include this entire Andean region of 984,000 square

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contact. The population decline for the Inca Empire from 1520 to 1571 is roughly estimated at from 10 to 12 million in 1520 to less than 3 million in 1570 with the population still declining after 1570.

2562:, the last Inca Emperor, is captured and executed in Cuzco. The Neo-Inca capital of Vilcabamba is abandoned; the Spanish remove inhabitants and relocate them to the newly established Christian town of 2973:

Benalcázar, Pizarro's lieutenant and fellow Extremaduran, had already departed from San Miguel with 140 foot soldiers and a few horses on his conquering mission to Ecuador. At the foot of Mount

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was founded, from which the political and administrative institutions were to be organized. In 1542, the Spanish created the Viceroyalty of New Castile, that shortly after would be called

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in 1528, it spanned a considerable area and was by far the largest of the four grand pre-Columbian civilizations. Extending southward from the Ancomayo, which is now known as the

861: 2329:, a disease introduced by the Spanish into the Americas, the question of who would succeed as emperor was thrown open. Huayna had died before he could nominate the new heir. 9443: 6567: 3334:, dramatizes the Conquest under a religious perspective, adding allegorical characters that represents the Idolatry and the Christian conversion of the Native Peruvians. 2309:, one of the states conquered by Huayna Capac during the expansion of the Inca Empire. These two sons would play pivotal roles in the final years of the Inca Empire. 932: 5155: 2860:

were hard to use in close-quarters combat. The effect was devastating, and the shocked Incas offered such feeble resistance that the battle has often been labeled a

2289:. While he had to put down a number of rebellions during his reign, by the time of his death, his legitimacy was as unquestioned as was the primacy of Inca power. 2709:

word, but Indo-European or hybrid. Unknown to Pizarro, as he was lobbying for permission to mount an expedition, his proposed enemy was being devastated by the

1959: 707: 8573: 6562: 816: 3310:(1845), is set during the Conquest. In the play, an Inca called Zamoro wants to find the princess Alzira, who has been engaged to the Conquistador Gusmano. 2840:

and seek his tribute as a vassal of King Charles. The unskilled translator likely contributed to problems in communication. The friar offered Atahualpa the

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Despite the war, the Spaniards did not neglect the colonizing process. Spanish royal authority on these territories was consolidated by the creation of an

2387: 1994: 854: 2958:, accompanied by Chalcuchimac. The latter was burned alive in the Jauja Valley, accused of secret communication with Quizquiz, and organizing resistance. 2880:, disease, internal unrest, the bold tactics of the Spanish, and the capture of the Inca's Emperor. Spanish armor was very effective against most of the 7582: 8593: 7508: 3042:

where he, for a time, successfully launched attacks against Pizarro based at Cuzco and even managed to defeat the Spanish occupiers in an open battle.

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Manco Inca hoped to use the disagreement between Almagro and Pizarro to his advantage and attempted the recapture of Cuzco starting in April 1536. The

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After the Spanish captured Atahualpa at the massacre at Cajamarca, they allowed his wives to join him, and the Spanish soldiers taught him the game of

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When Pizarro arrived in Peru in 1532, he found it vastly different from when he had been there just five years before. Amid the ruins of the city of

2199:. It was the first step in a long campaign that took decades of fighting but ended in Spanish victory in 1572 and colonization of the region as the 2872:' demands. Pizarro knew that his forces were badly outnumbered but that capturing the Emperor and holding him hostage would give him a key edge. 2281:, the Emperor who, by conquest, had commenced the dramatic expansion of the Inca Empire from its cultural and traditional base in the area around 1543: 9058: 4123:

Koch, Peter O. "The Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire", McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, Jefferson, North Carolina, and London, 2008.

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plundered and enslaved countless people. Some local populations entered into vassalage willingly, to defeat the Inca. Native groups such as the

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steals Manco Inca's wife, Cura Olcollo. Manco rebels and surrounds Cuzco. Juan Pizarro is killed, and Inca general Quizo Yupanqui attacks Lima

2285:. On his accession to the throne, Huayna Capac had continued the policy of expansion by conquest, taking Inca armies north into what is today 9516: 8603: 6527: 3181:

Andes region. Mortality was particularly high among children, ensuring that the impact of the epidemics would extend to the next generation.

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killed some of the natives, probably during the uprising in 1536, but that the vast majority had been killed by local, indigenous weapons.

2014: 3362:(1964) dramatizes the conquest of the Incas. In the play, Pizarro, Atahualpa, Valverde and other historical figures appear as characters. 2488:

1533 – Almagro arrives; Atahualpa is executed after he orders Huáscar to be killed; Pizarro submits Cuzco and installs seventeen-year-old

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by these assassins, most of which were former soldiers of Diego de Almagro who were stripped of title and belongings after his death.

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1539 – Gonzalo Pizarro invades and sacks Vilcabamba; Manco Inca escapes but Francisco Pizarro executes Manco's wife, Cura Olcollo

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godlike command of situation. The main view is that the Inca were eventually defeated due to inferior weapons, 'open battle'

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increasingly difficult to administer and govern, with the Inca Emperor having increasingly less influence over local areas.

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Valley. Francisco Pizzaro sent a similar expedition to Cuzco, bringing back many gold plates from the Temple of the Sun.

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referred to him as Francisco for the purposes of the ritual. On 29 August 1533 the Spanish captors murdered Atahualpa by

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disruption, and the superior military technology of the conquistadors, who possessed horses, dogs, metal armor, swords,

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is used. Many historical figures are mentioned, especially Pizarro who is mentioned as the pursuer of the protagonist.

1560: 9570: 8674: 4010: 3297:, tells a fictitious version of the conquest of Peru to portray the author's views on the religious fanaticism of the 2351:

The conquistador Diego de Almagro, a native of the town of Almagro, one of the three partners in the conquest of Peru.

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Lovell, W. George (1992). "'Heavy Shadows and Black Night': Disease and Depopulation in Colonial Spanish America".

3416:, having a Lost City hidden in the Andes. They are also in the Multiplayer, found primarily in the areas making up 2485:

of the Inca Empire, and Pizarro includes them among his troops to face the Incas. Atahualpa is captured by Spanish.

1268: 1142: 987: 952: 8847: 8782: 3007:, the native armies were finally defeated, effectively ending any organized rebellion in the north of the empire. 2316:

Pizarro and his men were greatly aided in their enterprise by invading when the Inca Empire was in the midst of a

9646: 9408: 9200: 8987: 8787: 8336: 8271: 7857: 7759: 6794: 6382: 6012: 5694: 5509: 5120: 3371: 1999: 1989: 1984: 1974: 1934: 1929: 1919: 1904: 1814: 1374: 1107: 1082: 1067: 1002: 937: 9326: 8842: 8286: 8170: 2440:, the northernmost Inca stronghold along the coast. The Inca Emperor Huayna Capac died from European-introduced 895: 9428: 9366: 9165: 8583: 8296: 8276: 8248: 8165: 8140: 8000: 7808: 7715: 7655: 7622: 7158: 6640: 6474: 6317: 5165: 4747: 3631: 3600: 3129: 2391: 2070: 1964: 1548: 1528: 1057: 890: 9391: 9220: 8977: 6453: 5729: 3636: 3132:, promoted economic development using commercial monopoly and increased the production of the silver mines of 2777: 1441: 1219: 1017: 9543: 9521: 9476: 9418: 9396: 9210: 8982: 8664: 8453: 8438: 7523: 7387: 7340: 6463: 5704: 5208: 3646: 3438: 3346: 3247: 3069: 2340:(i.e. "Only Emperor") in Cuzco, but the army declared loyalty to Atahualpa. The resulting dispute led to the 2266:, the mythical founder of the Inca clan, who, according to tradition, emerged from a cave in a region called 2138: 1493: 1456: 1451: 1302: 1292: 1278: 1273: 1234: 1097: 997: 942: 8772: 6479: 3760:

The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America: Volume 1, The Colonial Era and the Short Nineteenth Century

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After four long expeditions, Pizarro established the first Spanish settlement in northern Peru, calling it

2623:, who won an uninterrupted series of victories against Huáscar that soon brought them to the very gates of 2246:, it covered some of the most mountainous terrains on Earth. In less than a century, the Inca had expanded 2093: 1969: 1899: 1523: 1513: 1488: 1283: 1027: 1007: 389: 9401: 8734: 2764:

or "devils". He recommended trapping the men inside of their sleeping quarters and burning them to death.

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When it became clear that defeat was imminent, Manco Inca retreated further to the mountainous region of

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In 1529, Francisco Pizarro obtained permission from the Spanish Monarchy to conquer the land they called

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By February 1533, Almagro had joined Pizarro in Cajamarca with an additional 150 men with 50 horses.

1605: 1575: 1399: 1209: 1187: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1132: 1062: 982: 962: 183: 7865: 3290: 9185: 9068: 9028: 8967: 8962: 8902: 8321: 8311: 8097: 7800: 7711: 7412: 7132: 6982: 6743: 6085: 5689: 5614: 5491: 5466: 5180: 5081: 4397: 2668:) were attracted by the rumors of a rich and fabulous kingdom. They had left the then-impoverished 2376: 2131: 2065: 1839: 1632: 1498: 1421: 1369: 1258: 1147: 1087: 1052: 1037: 9565: 8644: 7877: 7397: 4289:, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111: 7986–7989. 2042: 9235: 9093: 8937: 8877: 8827: 8729: 8326: 8291: 8238: 7873: 7743: 7707: 7437: 7310: 7295: 7191: 7039: 6877: 6161: 5834: 5331: 4525: 2380: 2037: 1914: 1600: 1416: 1342: 1092: 774: 734: 8428: 6386: 3112:. Nevertheless, the Viceroyalty of Peru was not organized until the arrival of a later Viceroy, 9526: 9098: 9033: 8537: 8423: 8306: 8266: 7910: 7703: 7362: 7352: 6799: 6769: 4886: 4683: 3699: 3675:, dying out about 50,000 years ago, long before the arrival of humans roughly 16,000 years ago. 3027: 2844:

as the authority of what he had just stated. Atahualpa stated, "I will be no man's tributary."

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At the time of Huayna Capac's death, Huáscar was in the capital Cuzco, while Atahualpa was in

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in what would later be known as Chile, and eastward from the Pacific Ocean to the edge of the

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After the Spanish re-occupied Cuzco, Manco Inca and his armies retreated to the fortress at

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armies from attacking the invaders. Led by Atahualpa's generals Rumiñahui, Zope-Zupahua and

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Andean Worlds: Indigenous History, Culture, and Consciousness Under Spanish Rule, 1532–1825

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would require that the conquistadors ally with friendly tribes in these later expeditions.

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messenger to Atahualpa, who had moved south from Quito to the royal resort springs outside

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The Vision of the Vanquished: The Spanish Conquest of Peru Through Indian Eyes, 1530–1570

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narrates the abduction of Zilia, an Inca princess, by the Spaniards during the Conquest.

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Pizarro and his fellow conquistadors feature as antagonists in the 1982 animated serial

2889: 2305:, an illegitimate son who was likely born of a daughter of the last independent King of 9311: 9301: 9276: 9230: 9195: 9053: 8762: 8639: 8512: 8010: 7990: 7650: 7538: 7265: 7112: 7019: 6850: 6835: 6789: 6702: 6547: 6537: 6443: 6267: 6176: 5955: 5699: 5644: 5619: 5283: 5278: 5248: 5243: 4766: 4726: 4718: 4649: 4605: 4576: 4513: 4481: 4473: 4422: 4414: 3881: 3315: 3198: 2208: 2185: 2004: 1954: 1944: 1924: 1874: 1652: 1253: 1229: 1214: 654: 248: 224: 8634: 8563: 6166: 3128:. He resettled the indigenous people in Spanish-style settlements in a process called 685: 9491: 9433: 9266: 9038: 9012: 9002: 8992: 8927: 8882: 8812: 8792: 8767: 8714: 8689: 7954: 7481: 7422: 7377: 7236: 7049: 7029: 7024: 7009: 6968: 6872: 6845: 6757: 6717: 6572: 6502: 6468: 6191: 6181: 5891: 5859: 5739: 5669: 5401: 5376: 5308: 5298: 5136: 4792: 4770: 4730: 4669: 4628:

The men of Cajamarca; a social and biographical study of the first conquerors of Peru

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1531–1532 – Pizarro's third voyage to Peru. Spaniards form a bond with the Natives (

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Viages menores, y los de Vespucio; Poblaciones en el Darien, suplemento al tomo II

3420:

and Argentina. In the Definitive Edition of the game they are a playable faction.

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Atahualpa sent his forces south under the command of two of his leading generals,

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ruled the Inca Empire. He could trace his lineage back to a "stranger king" named

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Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)

9316: 9256: 9170: 9078: 8952: 8932: 8897: 8679: 8649: 8588: 8198: 8188: 8084: 7969: 7861: 7818: 7578: 7486: 7357: 7151: 7069: 6963: 6908: 6774: 6648: 6395: 6074: 6033: 6018: 5981: 5945: 5839: 5734: 5649: 5624: 5585: 5570: 5391: 5228: 5051: 4343: 3755: 3590: 3513: 3469: 3387: 3366: 3101: 2657: 2506: 2211:, meaning "Realm of the Four Parts"), led to spin-off campaigns into present-day 1848: 1727: 1620: 1406: 1182: 754: 633: 550: 511: 425: 333: 9225: 4133: 3136:, using an Inca institution of forced labor for mandatory public service called 2570: 2551:

is murdered by supporters of Diego de Almagro. The Inca do not stop their revolt

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Spanish women. Another element that the Spanish brought with them were African

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Engraving depicting the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro exposing before

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Covey, R. Alan (2000). "Inka Administration of the Far South Coast of Peru".

4395:

Bauer, Brian S. (1991). "Pacariqtambo and the Mythical Origins of the Inca".

3353: 3298: 3186: 3039: 2811: 2605: 2466: 2322: 2267: 2255: 1637: 1389: 1337: 1152: 839: 6373: 6369: 5361: 5356: 2864:, with the 2,000 Incas slain and the Spanish with only one soldier wounded. 2274: 1680: 9601: 9496: 9486: 9215: 8754: 8608: 8433: 7949: 7725: 7407: 7255: 7107: 7082: 6935: 6365: 6341: 6297: 6247: 6242: 6131: 6116: 6100: 5965: 5916: 5911: 5886: 5864: 5829: 5709: 5411: 5346: 5303: 5071: 4988: 4925: 3595: 3575: 3552: 3430: 3425: 2869: 2742:

or "gods". The Natives described Pizarro's men to the Inca. They said that

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The Discovery and Conquest of Peru, Chronicles of the New World Encounter,

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colonization. The first was of 30–50 percent during the first outbreak of

2919:

in January 1533, and on his return in March, captured Chalcuchimac in the

2738:

When first spotted by the natives, Pizarro and his men were thought to be

2301:, was the son of Coya Mama Rahua Occllo of the royal line. The second was 9613: 8397: 8223: 7792: 7670: 7172: 6670: 6361: 6351: 5970: 5901: 5754: 5724: 5431: 5323: 5203: 5056: 5046: 4901: 4871: 4845: 4287:"Effects of the Spanish Conquest on coastal change in Northwestern Peru" 3671:

European horses were not native to the Americas, with the last ancestor,

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and tells the love story of a Spanish Conquistador and an Inca princess.

3138: 3073: 2967: 2911: 2669: 2247: 2239: 2227: 2204: 2121: 1884: 1765: 1672: 1657: 624: 612: 600: 588: 560: 541: 521: 502: 486: 481: 464: 452: 440: 269: 216: 123: 91: 8387: 3715:"Indigenous Literatures and Cultures in Twentieth-Century Latin America" 9261: 7995: 7275: 6399: 6237: 6217: 5659: 5451: 5213: 5026: 5021: 4973: 4722: 4609: 4580: 4517: 4066:

edited and translated by Cook and Cook, Durham: Duke University Press,

3616: 2974: 2916: 2897: 2548: 2489: 2478: 1077: 1042: 593: 469: 5844: 4477: 4433: 4418: 2773: 2453: 2298: 2170:. After years of preliminary exploration and military skirmishes, 168 253: 8228: 7985: 7885: 7660: 7562: 7496: 6697: 6420: 6416: 6391: 6141: 5476: 5366: 5066: 5016: 4978: 4861: 3061:

Inca culture and imposed Spanish culture onto the native population.

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weapons, though it was not entirely impenetrable to maces, clubs, or

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met them and proceeded to "expound the doctrines of the true faith"

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with the main body of the Inca army. Huáscar had himself proclaimed

230: 8402: 7280: 6407: 6257: 5799: 5794: 5684: 5664: 4469: 4410: 4083:

Carroll, Chris (July 2007). "Archaeology: Shot by a Conquistador".

3672: 3173: 3165: 3004: 2861: 2620: 2441: 2347: 2326: 2235: 2216: 1647: 526: 5819: 4963: 3084: 2355: 9560: 9531: 8041: 8026: 7183: 6403: 5940: 5824: 5565: 5461: 5436: 5421: 5341: 5336: 5293: 5268: 5238: 5061: 4968: 4953: 3605: 3177: 3147: 2998:, as a puppet Inca ruler, but he soon died unexpectedly, leaving 2994:

After Atahualpa's murder, Pizarro installed Atahualpa's brother,

2948: 2629: 2286: 1642: 6605: 5869: 4916: 3745: 3154: 2930:

One of the main events in the conquest of Peru was the death of

2851:. The battle began with a shot from a cannon and the battle cry 8497: 8051: 8046: 7823: 6346: 6336: 5719: 5714: 5639: 5575: 5456: 5406: 5396: 5371: 5094: 4943: 4688:

Fall of the Inca Empire and the Spanish Rule in Peru, 1530–1780

4559:

Kubler, George (1945). "The Behavior of Atahualpa, 1531–1533".

4262:"Spanish Conquest Altered Peru's Shoreline, New Research Shows" 3194: 2593: 2558:, declares war on the Neo-Inca State; Vilcabamba is sacked and 2512:

1537 – Almagro seizes Cuzco from Hernando and Gonzalo Pizarro.

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This event is also narrated as a Science Fiction novelette in

2751:

or "destroyers of peoples," then he should flee. If they were

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Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas

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deal primarily with Anglophone media and do not represent a

2804:

Atahualpa responded only after Francisco Pizarro's brother,

2784:. Pizarro and his men reached the city on 15 November 1532. 7881: 7796: 6636: 5036: 3105: 2691: 2496: 7774: 4743:"'Failing to Marvel': Atahualpa's Encounter with the Word" 4045:

We People Here: Náhuatl accounts of the Conquest of Mexico

3057:, was the last Inca, being killed by the Spanish in 1572. 4588:

Kubler, George (1947). "The Neo-Inca State (1537–1572)".

4047:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 7–8. 3987: 3694: 3692: 4804:

Skeletons of the Inca Rebellion (Full Episode) | SPECIAL

4697:"Indian Population Patterns in Colonial Spanish America" 4326:"Despoilers of the Golden Empire, The Project Gutenberg" 4181:"Guns Germs & Steel: Variables. Smallpox | PBS" 4107:

Skeletons of the Inca Rebellion (Full Episode) | SPECIAL

3725:. Vol. X. Cambridge University Press. p. 287. 4496:(1978). "Conquest, Capitulation, and Indian Treaties". 3968:

The Royal Commentaries of the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega

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of Spain the evidence of the discovery of the fabulous

2954:

Pizarro advanced with his army of 500 Spaniards toward

715: 3762:(I ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 95. 3689: 3393:

The conquest is also used as a starting point for the

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Choose, each man, what best becomes a brave Castilian.

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Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France

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Painting in the Americas before European colonization

4301:"Spanish Conquest May Have Altered Peru's Shoreline" 3528: 4661: 3785: 3712: 4637:Annals of the Association of American Geographers 3287:Les Incas, ou la destruction de l'empire du Perou 2772:After his victory and the capture of his brother 2166:, was one of the most important campaigns in the 9633: 4222:Narrative of the Proceedings of Pedrarias Davila 3903: 3901: 3899: 2273:Huayna Capac was the son of the previous ruler, 8073: 4621:Spanish Peru, 1532–1560 : a social history 3739: 3410:The Inca are featured in the third Campaign in 2458:1528–1529 – Pizarro returns to Spain where the 2356:Chronology of the last years of the Inca Empire 2325:, died suddenly in 1528 from what was probably 2226:When the Spanish arrived at the borders of the 27:Period of the Spanish conquest in South America 6543:Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas 6528:Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas 3706: 1400:Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762–63) 869: 781:Conflicts between conquistadors and rebellions 7718:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon) 7199: 6621: 5121: 4830: 3896: 3792:. University of New Mexico Press. p. 3. 3781: 3779: 3236:The examples and perspective in this section 3155:Effects of the conquest on the people of Peru 2207:(called "Tahuantinsuyu" or "Tawantinsuyu" in 2139: 1815: 1390:Iberian Peninsula and South America (1762–63) 855: 701: 7393:Independence of Spanish continental Americas 4285:Belknap, Daniel F. and Sandweiss, Daniel H. 4242: 4008: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3919: 3826: 3824: 3822: 2966:. Pizarro's force entered the heart of the 2734:Francisco Pizarro meets with Atahualpa, 1532 2586: 2516:sacks Vitcos and captures Manco Inca's son, 2181:, along with his brothers in arms and their 4437:; Hamilton, Roland; Buchanan, Dana (1996). 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3746:Rebecca Storey; Randolph J. Widmer (2006). 2989: 2711:diseases brought to the American continents 2436:make first contact with the Inca Empire at 2394:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 7206: 7192: 6628: 6614: 5128: 5114: 4837: 4823: 4656: 4623:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 4200: 4191: 4164: 3980: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3776: 3254:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 2564:San Francisco de la Victoria de Vilcabamba 2146: 2132: 1822: 1808: 862: 848: 708: 694: 9512:Colonial universities in Hispanic America 6533:Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas 4760: 4712: 4236: 3941: 3910: 3819: 3270:Learn how and when to remove this message 2414:Learn how and when to remove this message 9517:Colonial universities in the Philippines 5137:Pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures 4209: 4151: 4043:Lockhart, James (1993). "Introduction". 4042: 3932: 3810: 3083: 3063: 3017: 3015:valley, Manco was able to escape Cuzco. 2925: 2810: 2729: 2644: 2569: 2540:1541 – Francisco Pizarro is murdered by 2346: 8508:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia 4590:The Hispanic American Historical Review 4561:The Hispanic American Historical Review 4524: 4298: 4279: 4259: 4082: 4058: 4056: 4054: 3833: 3209: 3088:Pizarro and his followers founding Lima 2767: 634: 551: 512: 14: 9634: 9461: 4694: 4633: 4587: 4558: 4492: 4369:. London: BBC Worldwide. p. 272. 4243:de Navarette, Martin Fernadez (1829). 3723:The Cambridge History of Latin America 2815:The Inca–Spanish confrontation in the 2462:grants him the license to conquer Peru 9657:16th century in the Inca civilization 9460: 9356: 9355: 8479: 8357: 8072: 7931: 7899: 7836: 7773: 7688: 7611: 7551: 7465: 7454: 7226: 7225: 7187: 6609: 5109: 4818: 4781:, translated by Ben and Sid Reynolds. 4682: 4546: 4455: 4441:. Austin: University of Texas Press. 4394: 4364: 3965: 3642:European colonization of the Americas 2792:speaking to them so that they might: 2640: 1385:Caribbean and North America (1739–48) 843: 689: 7789:Captaincy General of the Philippines 7281:New Laws in favour of the indigenous 4793:All Empires Online History Community 4737: 4215: 4117: 4051: 3622:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire 3222: 2499:; De Almagro leaves for present-day 2392:adding citations to reliable sources 2359: 2168:Spanish colonization of the Americas 658:+3,000 Spanish soldiers and 150,000 42:Spanish colonization of the Americas 9642:Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire 9492:Indochristian painting in New Spain 7612: 5561:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela 4114:, Oct 8, 2023, minutes: 26:25–33:53 3882:The History of the Conquest of Peru 2847:Pizarro urged attack, starting the 2649:The Famous Thirteen by Juan Lepiani 2160:Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire 896:Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña (1478) 719:Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire 35:Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire 24: 9662:16th century in the Spanish Empire 8459:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires 7932: 7213: 6553:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas 5532:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia 4650:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1992.tb01968.x 4218:"Narrative of Pascual de Andagoya" 3301:and their cruelty to the natives. 3124:in Vilcabamba, executing the Inca 3022:Spaniards executing Tupac Amaru I. 2962:joined Pizarro after the death of 2747:men were capable of. If they were 2544:and other supporters of De Almagro 2524:, which became the capital of the 2495:1535 – Pizarro founds the city of 2038:History of the Viceroyalty of Peru 110:broke out but ultimately destroyed 25: 9678: 7689: 7552: 7433:Independence of Equatorial Guinea 6635: 5544:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador 5515:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia 4786: 4340:"The Simpsons Archive, Season 20" 2713:during earlier Spanish contacts. 2672:, like many migrants after them. 2000:Return to democracy and terrorism 9619: 9607: 9595: 9544:Criollos in the colonial society 9472:Spanish missions in the Americas 8594:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval 6585: 5537:Archaeological sites in Colombia 5510:Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil 4915: 4668:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 4299:Pringle, Heather (19 May 2014). 4161:, University of Wisconsin Press. 3559: 3545: 3531: 3382:it's the setting of the romance 3227: 2676:There lies Peru with its riches; 2364: 2321:eldest son and designated heir, 2219:, as well as expeditions to the 2115: 1858: 1679: 623: 611: 599: 587: 559: 540: 520: 501: 480: 463: 451: 439: 419: 407: 395: 383: 371: 351: 339: 327: 315: 303: 277: 262: 209: 192: 177: 162: 145: 48: 9571:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649 7455: 5520:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Chile 4844: 4387: 4358: 4332: 4318: 4292: 4253: 4173: 4126: 4095: 4076: 4036: 4002: 3974: 3959: 3758:; Roberto Cortes-Conde (eds.). 3665: 3474:Report on the Discovery of Peru 3372:Despoilers of the Golden Empire 2776:, Atahualpa was fasting in the 2043:History of the Republic of Peru 1118:Argentine Northwest (1560–1667) 7900: 7623:Captaincy General of Guatemala 7331:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659) 4748:Latin American Research Review 4701:Latin American Research Review 4498:The American Historical Review 4260:Freeman, David (22 May 2014). 3632:Spanish conquest of the Muisca 3601:Indian reductions in the Andes 3386:(1928) by the German novelist 2819:left thousands of natives dead 13: 1: 9522:General Archive of the Indies 8783:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado 8454:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro 8439:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas 7388:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso 7341:War of the Spanish Succession 7306:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) 6464:Spanish Conquest of Guatemala 5525:Archaeological sites in Chile 4134:"Lima – History | Britannica" 3682: 3647:Spanish conquest of Guatemala 3439:The Mysterious Cities of Gold 3218: 2678:Here, Panama and its poverty. 2520:. Manco escapes and flees to 8480: 7594:Captaincy General of Yucatan 7524:Union with Holy Roman Empire 7503:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of 7418:German–Spanish Treaty (1899) 6558:Mesoamerican writing systems 6515: 5554:Archaeological sites in Peru 4554:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 3658: 3627:Spanish conquest of the Maya 3518:Massacre, Gold and Civil War 3423:The conquest is parodied in 3079: 2753:Viracocha Cuna Runa allichac 2223:and surrounding rainforest. 1576:Dominican Republic (1863–65) 7: 8358: 8074:Administrative subdivisions 7271:War of the League of Cognac 7060:Water supply and sanitation 6454:Spanish Conquest of Yucatán 4170:Newson (1985), pages 42–43. 3786:Kenneth J. Andrien (2001). 3748:"The Pre-Columbian Economy" 3713:Gordon Brotherston (1995). 3700:"Los Incas y los españoles" 3637:Spanish conquest of Yucatán 3524: 3429:TV series, in the episode " 3313:The second act of Rameau's 3250:, discuss the issue on the 3011:of pure gold in the nearby 1920:Peru–Bolivian Confederation 10: 9683: 8788:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar 8773:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada 8675:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca 7837: 7573:), Western United States ( 7466: 7336:Portuguese Restoration War 7055:Water resources management 6480:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada 6383:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil 4664:The Last Days of the Incas 3983:"The Great Inca Rebellion" 3886:Digireads.com Publishing, 3433:", written by John Frink. 3332:Pedro Calderón de la Barca 3049:and established the small 2234:, in southern present-day 2033:History of the Inca Empire 1432:Banda Oriental (1776–1777) 873:Spanish colonial campaigns 9556:Slavery in Spanish Empire 9467: 9456: 9362: 9351: 9249: 9143: 9136: 9021: 8870: 8863: 8856: 8843:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor 8753: 8622: 8584:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder 8546: 8490: 8486: 8475: 8444:Barcelona Trading Company 8411: 8368: 8364: 8353: 8257: 8209:New Andalusia (1501–1513) 8179: 8121: 8083: 8079: 8068: 8019: 7978: 7942: 7938: 7927: 7906: 7843: 7784: 7716:Venezuela, part of Guyana 7695: 7618: 7569:, Central United States ( 7558: 7472: 7461: 7450: 7301:Bruneian–Spanish conflict 7286:Expulsion of the Moriscos 7232: 7221: 7145: 7068: 6990: 6981: 6916: 6907: 6831: 6822: 6765: 6756: 6731: 6656: 6647: 6581: 6523: 6514: 6434: 6357: 6332: 6303: 6278: 6253: 6228: 6203: 6172: 6147: 6122: 6091: 6054: 6029: 5992: 5961: 5936: 5907: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5883: 5878: 5705:Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia) 5490: 5322: 5179: 5143: 5080: 5002: 4924: 4913: 4852: 4762:10.1017/S0023879100034907 4714:10.1017/S0023879100021695 4695:Newson, Linda A. (1985). 3445: 3359:The Royal Hunt of the Sun 2587:Beginning of the conflict 2534:executes Diego de Almagro 2015:Peruvian political crisis 1484:Spanish America (1808–33) 1479:Río de la Plata (1806–07) 881: 823:End of the Neo-Inca state 727: 671: 645: 293: 137: 60: 47: 39: 34: 9497:Quito painting tradition 9487:Cusco painting tradition 8848:García López de Cárdenas 8838:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera 8745:Felipe González de Ahedo 8665:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés 7242:Conquest of the Americas 6592:Civilizations portal 5549:Cultural periods of Peru 4797:Inca Rebellion at Lima, 4777:Wachtel, Nathan (1977). 4626:Lockhart, James (1972). 4458:Latin American Antiquity 4398:Latin American Antiquity 3613:, an Inca religious site 3347:Lettres d'une Péruvienne 2990:Rebellion and reconquest 2554:1572 – Viceroy of Peru, 1995:Revolutionary Government 1653:Western Sahara (1973–76) 1581:Peru and Chile (1864–66) 1380:Banda Oriental (1735–37) 891:Canary Islands (1402–96) 55:Spanish conquest of Peru 18:Spanish conquest of Peru 9282:Comuneros (New Granada) 9059:Balearic Islands (1558) 8778:Hernán Pérez de Quesada 8705:Ruy López de Villalobos 8660:Miguel López de Legazpi 8574:García de Toledo Osorio 7438:Western Sahara conflict 7428:Independence of Morocco 7368:Treaty of Madrid (1750) 7311:Piracy in the Caribbean 7296:French Wars of Religion 6713:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War 6486:Hernán Pérez de Quesada 5332:Mesoamerican chronology 4365:Woods, Michael (2001). 4232:– via Wikisource. 3457:Mansio Serra Leguizamon 3328:La aurora en Copacabana 2699:Raúl Porras Barrenechea 2697:According to historian 2254:Some scholars, such as 1980:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War 1965:National Reconstruction 1915:Supreme Governing Junta 1437:North America (1779–83) 1355:North America (1702–13) 1193:Philippines (1599-1600) 1133:Philippines (1565–1898) 665:100,000 soldiers (1532) 390:Sebastián de Benalcázar 9647:16th-century conflicts 9527:Colonial Spanish Horse 9201:Colonia del Sacramento 8424:Spanish treasure fleet 8001:Royal Decree of Graces 5189:Archaeological periods 4532:. New York: Harcourt. 4439:Narrative of the Incas 4216:Andagoya, Pascual de. 4012:Slings in the Iron Age 3522: 3496: 3478: 3460: 3384:Das Gold von Caxamalca 3291:Bartolomé de Las Casas 3089: 3076: 3023: 2939: 2820: 2798: 2735: 2688: 2650: 2583: 2352: 2277:, and the grandson of 2203:. The conquest of the 2071:Constitutional history 667:50,000 warriors (1535) 294:Commanders and leaders 126:incorporated into the 8685:Vasco Núñez de Balboa 8645:Juan Sebastián Elcano 7960:Council of the Indies 7321:Spanish–Moro conflict 7291:Ottoman–Habsburg wars 7251:Treaty of Tordesillas 6895:Regions and provinces 6492:List of Conquistadors 6379:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal 5790:Quebrada de Humahuaca 5209:Caddoan Mississippian 4690:. New York: Scribner. 4530:Conquest of the Incas 4224:. The Hakluyt Society 4009:Jane Penrose (2005). 3966:Jolas, Maria (1961). 3497: 3479: 3461: 3449: 3403:, where the siege of 3120:ended the indigenous 3087: 3067: 3021: 2970:on 15 November 1533. 2929: 2814: 2794: 2733: 2674: 2648: 2573: 2481:) who were under the 2350: 1990:Moderate civil reform 1970:Aristocratic Republic 1880:Ancient civilizations 1658:Western Sahara (1975) 1611:Philippines (1896–98) 1566:Cochinchina (1858–62) 1467:Caribbean (1796–1802) 1328:Lake Maracaibo (1669) 1264:Philippines (1638-46) 1143:Philippines (1567–72) 1003:El Salvador (1524–39) 998:Guatemala (1524–1697) 958:Puerto Rico (1511–29) 672:Casualties and losses 77:Western South America 9482:Mesoamerican Codices 9206:Comuneros (Paraguay) 9044:Siege of Castelnuovo 8630:Christopher Columbus 8449:Consulate of the Sea 8429:Casa de Contratación 8020:Titles and positions 7413:Spanish–American War 7403:Liberal constitution 7246:Asia and the Pacific 6810:World Heritage Sites 6459:Francisco de Montejo 6387:Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I 5500:Andean civilizations 5427:Shaft tomb tradition 3752:Victor Bulmer-Thomas 3567:South America portal 3289:(1777), inspired by 3248:improve this section 3210:Environmental impact 3074:Empire of the Incas. 2828:and the interpreter 2826:Vincente de Valverde 2768:Capture of Atahualpa 2388:improve this section 2162:, also known as the 1910:Protectorate of Peru 1338:New Mexico (1680–92) 581:2nd phase (1536–72): 496:1st phase (1532–35): 9652:Viceroyalty of Peru 9211:Cartagena de Indias 8833:Diego de Mazariegos 8803:Pere Fages i Beleta 8670:Sebastián de Ocampo 8151:Provincias Internas 8123:Captaincies General 8037:Municipal president 8006:School of Salamanca 7777:Spanish East Indies 7756:Misiones Orientales 7628:Spanish West Indies 7592:, Central America ( 7539:Pyrénées-Orientales 7492:Union with Portugal 7383:Napoleonic invasion 7363:War of Jenkins' Ear 6693:War of Independence 6425:Manco Inca Yupanqui 5730:Manteño-Huancavilca 5199:Ancestral Puebloans 4799:National Geographic 4346:on 24 November 2009 4102:National Geographic 4085:National Geographic 3581:Encomiendas in Peru 3488:Pedro Cieza de León 3339:Madame de Graffigny 3326:The Spanish Comedy 3304:An opera of Verdi, 3114:Francisco de Toledo 3110:Viceroyalty of Peru 3104:. In January 1535, 3000:Manco Inca Yupanqui 2960:Manco Inca Yupanqui 2849:Battle of Cajamarca 2817:Battle of Cajamarca 2725:San Miguel de Piura 2542:Diego de Almagro II 2492:as new Inca Emperor 2444:. Death sets off a 2201:Viceroyalty of Peru 2197:Battle of Cajamarca 2061:Demographic history 2027:By political entity 1960:Peruvian Resistance 1940:Chincha Islands War 1905:Foundational Period 1571:Morocco (1859–1860) 1561:Balanguingui (1848) 1529:Venezuela (1811–23) 1494:Argentina (1810–18) 1018:Yucatán (1527–1697) 993:Chiapas (1523–1695) 651:168 soldiers (1532) 414:Francisco de Toledo 199:Viceroyalty of Peru 9667:Invasions by Spain 9507:Academia Antártica 9462:Other civil topics 8828:Pánfilo de Narváez 8730:Sebastián Vizcaíno 8695:Andrés de Urdaneta 8655:Juan Ponce de León 8640:Ferdinand Magellan 8614:Bernardo de Gálvez 8513:Indian auxiliaries 8011:Trial of residence 7991:Laws of the Indies 7775:Asia and Oceania ( 7636:Dominican Republic 6959:Telecommunications 6703:War of the Pacific 6548:Columbian exchange 6538:Portal:Mesoamerica 5690:La Tolita (Tumaco) 5505:Indigenous peoples 5244:Hopewell tradition 5171:Indigenous peoples 4138:www.britannica.com 4015:. Bloomsbury USA. 3907:MacQuarrie (2007). 3492:Chronicles of Peru 3337:The first part of 3321:Les incas du Pérou 3316:Les Indes galantes 3090: 3077: 3024: 2940: 2821: 2736: 2656:and his brothers ( 2651: 2641:Arrival of Pizarro 2584: 2448:between his sons: 2353: 1985:Odría Dictatorship 1955:Occupation of Lima 1950:Occupation of Peru 1945:War of the Pacific 1875:Pre-Columbian Peru 1616:Puerto Rico (1898) 1586:Puerto Rico (1868) 1544:Colombia (1819–20) 1539:Colombia (1815–16) 1519:El Salvador (1811) 1504:Paraguay (1810–11) 1447:New Granada (1781) 1417:Philippines (1762) 1323:Porto Bello (1668) 1293:Philippines (1646) 1249:Philippines (1630) 1205:Philippines (1602) 1188:Puerto Rico (1598) 1178:Philippines (1596) 1173:Puerto Rico (1595) 1168:Cambodia (1593–97) 1058:Colombia (1537–40) 1008:Honduras (1524–39) 973:Mexico (1519–1821) 655:native auxiliaries 653:Unknown number of 9583: 9582: 9579: 9578: 9452: 9451: 9357:Spanish conquests 9347: 9346: 9343: 9342: 9339: 9338: 9335: 9334: 9132: 9131: 8813:Pedro de Alvarado 8798:Gaspar de Portolà 8793:Pedro de Valdivia 8768:Francisco Pizarro 8720:Nicolás de Ovando 8715:Alonso de Ercilla 8690:Alonso de Salazar 8523:Ships of the line 8471: 8470: 8467: 8466: 8349: 8348: 8345: 8344: 8064: 8063: 8060: 8059: 7923: 7922: 7919: 7918: 7895: 7894: 7852:Northern Africa ( 7848:Equatorial Guinea 7832: 7831: 7769: 7768: 7684: 7683: 7607: 7606: 7598:Spanish Caribbean 7571:Spanish Louisiana 7547: 7546: 7482:Crown of Castille 7446: 7445: 7423:Spanish Civil War 7398:Adams–Onís Treaty 7378:Nootka Convention 7326:Thirty Years' War 7316:Eighty Years' War 7237:Catholic Monarchs 7227:Timeline–immersed 7181: 7180: 7141: 7140: 7030:List of Peruvians 6977: 6976: 6903: 6902: 6890:Political parties 6856:Foreign relations 6818: 6817: 6752: 6751: 6718:Internal conflict 6708:Colombia–Peru War 6603: 6602: 6599: 6598: 6573:Pre-Columbian art 6509: 6508: 6503:Francisco Pizarro 6469:Pedro de Alvarado 5785:Pucará de Tilcara 5103: 5102: 4887:Invasion of Chile 4675:978-0-7432-6049-7 4539:978-0-15-122560-6 4448:978-0-292-75560-4 4435:Betanzos, Juan de 4376:978-0-563-55116-4 4157:Lockhart, James. 4022:978-1-84176-932-5 3799:978-0-8263-2359-0 3769:978-0-521-81289-4 3732:978-0-521-49594-3 3652:Conquest of Chile 3319:(1735) is called 3280: 3279: 3272: 2984:Pedro de Alvarado 2938:on 29 August 1533 2685:Francisco Pizarro 2654:Francisco Pizarro 2576:Francisco Pizarro 2574:The conquistador 2430:Francisco Pizarro 2424: 2423: 2416: 2318:war of succession 2244:Amazonian jungles 2179:Francisco Pizarro 2156: 2155: 2010:Internal conflict 1832: 1831: 1781:Invasion of Chile 1666: 1665: 1648:Morocco (1957–58) 1643:Morocco (1920–26) 1638:Morocco (1911–12) 1601:Morocco (1893–94) 1549:Ecuador (1820–22) 1489:Bolivia (1809–25) 1422:Chile (1766–1767) 1370:Chile (1723–1726) 1303:Hispaniola (1655) 1210:Insulindia (1603) 1163:Insulindia (1585) 1158:Insulindia (1582) 1078:Chile (1546–1662) 968:Algeria (1517–18) 837: 836: 730:Major engagements 684: 683: 402:Pedro de Alvarado 310:Francisco Pizarro 133: 132: 16:(Redirected from 9674: 9624: 9623: 9622: 9612: 9611: 9610: 9600: 9599: 9598: 9591: 9458: 9457: 9424:Chibchan Nations 9353: 9352: 9322:Santiago de Cuba 9181:Guadalupe Island 9141: 9140: 8868: 8867: 8861: 8860: 8823:Diego de Almagro 8700:Antonio de Ulloa 8604:Ambrosio Spinola 8599:Pedro de Zubiaur 8569:Alfonso d'Avalos 8559:Antonio de Leyva 8503:Army of Flanders 8488: 8487: 8477: 8476: 8366: 8365: 8355: 8354: 8081: 8080: 8070: 8069: 7940: 7939: 7929: 7928: 7897: 7896: 7870:Peñón of Algiers 7834: 7833: 7771: 7770: 7686: 7685: 7609: 7608: 7591: 7549: 7548: 7463: 7462: 7452: 7451: 7373:Seven Years' War 7346:Queen Anne's War 7223: 7222: 7208: 7201: 7194: 7185: 7184: 7161: 7154: 6988: 6987: 6939: 6914: 6913: 6829: 6828: 6763: 6762: 6723:Political crisis 6676:Spanish conquest 6666:Ancient cultures 6654: 6653: 6630: 6623: 6616: 6607: 6606: 6590: 6589: 6588: 6512: 6511: 6498:Spanish Conquest 6475:Spanish Conquest 6450:Spanish Conquest 6439:Spanish Conquest 5881: 5880: 5130: 5123: 5116: 5107: 5106: 5082:Inca mathematics 4984:Inca agriculture 4919: 4897:Spanish conquest 4877:History of Cusco 4867:Kingdom of Cusco 4839: 4832: 4825: 4816: 4815: 4805: 4774: 4764: 4734: 4716: 4691: 4684:Means, Philip A. 4679: 4667: 4653: 4613: 4584: 4555: 4543: 4521: 4489: 4452: 4430: 4381: 4380: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4342:. Archived from 4336: 4330: 4329: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4296: 4290: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4213: 4207: 4204: 4198: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4177: 4171: 4168: 4162: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4130: 4124: 4121: 4115: 4108: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4080: 4074: 4062:Leon, P., 1998, 4060: 4049: 4048: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3981:Jay O. Sanders. 3978: 3972: 3971: 3963: 3957: 3954: 3939: 3936: 3930: 3923: 3917: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3894: 3874: 3831: 3828: 3817: 3814: 3808: 3807: 3783: 3774: 3773: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3710: 3704: 3703: 3696: 3676: 3669: 3569: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3555: 3550: 3549: 3548: 3541: 3536: 3535: 3534: 3520: 3494: 3476: 3458: 3413:Age of Empires 3 3343:epistolary novel 3275: 3268: 3264: 3261: 3255: 3231: 3230: 3223: 2890:Mixtón Rebellion 2806:Hernando Pizarro 2789:Hernando de Soto 2701:, Peru is not a 2686: 2556:Francisco Toledo 2532:Hernando Pizarro 2434:Diego de Almagro 2419: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2399: 2368: 2360: 2164:Conquest of Peru 2148: 2141: 2134: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2066:Economic history 1930:Military Anarchy 1890:Spanish conquest 1862: 1852: 1834: 1833: 1824: 1817: 1810: 1796:Spanish conquest 1771:History of Cusco 1761:Kingdom of Cusco 1683: 1669: 1668: 1554:Mexico (1821–29) 1509:Mexico (1810–21) 1412:Nicaragua (1762) 1073:Halmahera (1545) 1043:Brazil (1534-36) 978:Mexico (1519–21) 876: 874: 864: 857: 850: 841: 840: 722: 720: 710: 703: 696: 687: 686: 636: 628: 627: 616: 615: 604: 603: 592: 591: 574: 564: 563: 553: 545: 544: 535: 525: 524: 514: 506: 505: 485: 484: 476: 475: 468: 467: 456: 455: 444: 443: 434: 424: 423: 412: 411: 400: 399: 388: 387: 378:Hernando de Soto 376: 375: 366: 356: 355: 346:Hernando Pizarro 344: 343: 332: 331: 322:Diego de Almagro 320: 319: 308: 307: 289: 283: 281: 280: 274: 268: 266: 265: 222: 215: 213: 212: 203: 197: 196: 188: 182: 181: 173: 167: 166: 157: 151: 149: 148: 87:Spanish victory 62: 61: 52: 32: 31: 21: 9682: 9681: 9677: 9676: 9675: 9673: 9672: 9671: 9632: 9631: 9630: 9620: 9618: 9608: 9606: 9596: 9594: 9586: 9584: 9575: 9551:Old inquisition 9463: 9448: 9358: 9331: 9287:Trinidad (1797) 9257:La Noche Triste 9245: 9241:San Juan (1797) 9191:San Juan (1595) 9128: 9017: 8857:Notable battles 8852: 8818:Martín de Ursúa 8749: 8680:Alonso de Ojeda 8650:Juan de la Cosa 8635:Pinzón brothers 8618: 8589:John of Austria 8564:Martín de Goiti 8542: 8482: 8463: 8407: 8360: 8341: 8253: 8249:Terra Australis 8244:Río de la Plata 8189:Castilla de Oro 8175: 8117: 8113:Río de la Plata 8075: 8056: 8015: 7974: 7970:Santa Hermandad 7934: 7915: 7911:Terra Australis 7902: 7891: 7858:Spanish Morocco 7839: 7828: 7819:Northern Taiwan 7780: 7765: 7736:Río de la Plata 7691: 7680: 7614: 7613:Central America 7603: 7585: 7554: 7543: 7487:Crown of Aragon 7468: 7457: 7442: 7358:Bourbon Reforms 7228: 7217: 7212: 7182: 7177: 7164: 7157: 7150: 7137: 7064: 7040:Public holidays 6973: 6937: 6899: 6814: 6795:Protected areas 6790:Natural regions 6748: 6727: 6643: 6634: 6604: 6595: 6586: 6584: 6577: 6519: 6510: 6500: 6489: 6483: 6477: 6466: 6462: 6456: 6452: 6441: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6396:Quemuenchatocha 6394: 6385: 6381: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6325: 6194: 6103: 6077: 6066: 6013:Human Sacrifice 6010: 6002:Human Sacrifice 5999: 5973: 5946:Mayan Languages 5874: 5486: 5318: 5175: 5156:Genetic history 5139: 5134: 5104: 5099: 5076: 4998: 4920: 4911: 4882:Chimor–Inca War 4848: 4843: 4803: 4789: 4784: 4676: 4658:Macquarrie, Kim 4617:Lockhart, James 4602:10.2307/2508415 4573:10.2307/2508231 4540: 4510:10.2307/1865900 4494:Gibson, Charles 4449: 4390: 4385: 4384: 4377: 4363: 4359: 4349: 4347: 4338: 4337: 4333: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4309: 4307: 4297: 4293: 4284: 4280: 4270: 4268: 4266:Huffington Post 4258: 4254: 4241: 4237: 4227: 4225: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4201: 4196: 4192: 4179: 4178: 4174: 4169: 4165: 4156: 4152: 4142: 4140: 4132: 4131: 4127: 4122: 4118: 4106: 4100: 4096: 4081: 4077: 4061: 4052: 4041: 4037: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4007: 4003: 3993: 3991: 3979: 3975: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3942: 3937: 3933: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3897: 3875: 3834: 3829: 3820: 3815: 3811: 3800: 3784: 3777: 3770: 3756:John Coatsworth 3744: 3740: 3733: 3711: 3707: 3698: 3697: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3679: 3670: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3591:History of Peru 3565: 3560: 3558: 3551: 3546: 3544: 3537: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3521: 3514:Francisco Xeres 3512: 3495: 3486: 3477: 3470:Francisco Xeres 3468: 3459: 3456: 3448: 3388:Jakob Wasserman 3367:Randall Garrett 3276: 3265: 3259: 3256: 3245: 3232: 3228: 3221: 3212: 3157: 3102:appellate court 3082: 2992: 2770: 2687: 2684: 2679: 2677: 2643: 2589: 2568: 2514:Rodrigo Orgóñez 2507:Gonzalo Pizarro 2420: 2409: 2403: 2400: 2385: 2369: 2358: 2188:, captured the 2174:soldiers under 2152: 2122:Peru portal 2116: 2114: 2109: 2108: 2089: 2081: 2080: 2056: 2048: 2047: 2028: 2020: 2019: 2005:Economic crisis 1870: 1850: 1843: 1828: 1776:Chimor–Inca War 1667: 1662: 1534:Chile (1812–27) 1395:Portugal (1762) 1288:Valdivia (1643) 1225:Petén (1618–97) 877: 872: 870: 868: 838: 833: 723: 718: 716: 714: 666: 657: 652: 641: 622: 610: 598: 586: 579: 570: 558: 539: 531: 519: 500: 491: 479: 473: 472: 462: 450: 438: 430: 426:Petros of Crete 418: 406: 394: 382: 370: 362: 350: 338: 334:Gonzalo Pizarro 326: 314: 302: 287: 278: 276: 275: 272: 263: 261: 223: 220: 210: 208: 206: 201: 191: 186: 176: 171: 161: 155: 146: 144: 118: 78: 53: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9680: 9670: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9629: 9628: 9616: 9604: 9581: 9580: 9577: 9576: 9574: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9547: 9546: 9536: 9535: 9534: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9468: 9465: 9464: 9454: 9453: 9450: 9449: 9447: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9405: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9367:Canary Islands 9363: 9360: 9359: 9349: 9348: 9345: 9344: 9341: 9340: 9337: 9336: 9333: 9332: 9330: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9253: 9251: 9247: 9246: 9244: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9221:Túpac Amaru II 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9166:Bogotá savanna 9163: 9158: 9153: 9147: 9145: 9138: 9134: 9133: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9074:Spanish Armada 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9025: 9023: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8968:White Mountain 8965: 8963:Cape Celidonia 8960: 8958:English Armada 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8874: 8872: 8865: 8858: 8854: 8853: 8851: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8759: 8757: 8751: 8750: 8748: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8735:Juan Fernández 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8710:Diego Columbus 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8626: 8624: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8550: 8548: 8544: 8543: 8541: 8540: 8538:Army of Africa 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8518:Spanish Armada 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8494: 8492: 8484: 8483: 8473: 8472: 8469: 8468: 8465: 8464: 8462: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8419:Manila galleon 8415: 8413: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8374: 8372: 8362: 8361: 8351: 8350: 8347: 8346: 8343: 8342: 8340: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8263: 8261: 8255: 8254: 8252: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8185: 8183: 8177: 8176: 8174: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8127: 8125: 8119: 8118: 8116: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8089: 8087: 8077: 8076: 8066: 8065: 8062: 8061: 8058: 8057: 8055: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8023: 8021: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7982: 7980: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7946: 7944: 7936: 7935: 7933:Administration 7925: 7924: 7921: 7920: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7913: 7907: 7904: 7903: 7893: 7892: 7890: 7889: 7854:Western Sahara 7850: 7844: 7841: 7840: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7785: 7782: 7781: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7763: 7752:Banda Oriental 7733: 7719: 7696: 7693: 7692: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7625: 7619: 7616: 7615: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7601: 7567:Coastal Alaska 7559: 7556: 7555: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7501: 7500: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7473: 7470: 7469: 7459: 7458: 7448: 7447: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7349: 7348: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7239: 7233: 7230: 7229: 7219: 7218: 7215:Spanish Empire 7211: 7210: 7203: 7196: 7188: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7175: 7170: 7163: 7162: 7155: 7147: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7074: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7063: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6972: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6949:Stock Exchange 6946: 6941: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6917: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6898: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6881: 6880: 6870: 6869: 6868: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6832: 6826: 6820: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6766: 6760: 6754: 6753: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6746: 6741: 6735: 6733: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6684: 6683: 6681:Neo-Inca State 6678: 6668: 6662: 6660: 6651: 6645: 6644: 6633: 6632: 6625: 6618: 6610: 6601: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6582: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6524: 6521: 6520: 6507: 6506: 6495: 6472: 6447: 6436: 6432: 6431: 6410: 6389: 6376: 6359: 6358:Notable Rulers 6355: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6330: 6329: 6327:Neo-Inca State 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6301: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6276: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6251: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6226: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6201: 6200: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6170: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6145: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6120: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6098: 6093: 6089: 6088: 6083: 6072: 6061: 6056: 6052: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6027: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6005: 5994: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5968: 5963: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5934: 5933: 5928: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5905: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5557: 5556: 5546: 5541: 5540: 5539: 5529: 5528: 5527: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5496: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5328: 5326: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5185: 5183: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5140: 5133: 5132: 5125: 5118: 5110: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5097: 5092: 5086: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5012:Inca mythology 5008: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4996: 4994:Inca aqueducts 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4934:Inca education 4930: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4907:Neo-Inca State 4904: 4899: 4894: 4892:Inca Civil War 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4858: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4842: 4841: 4834: 4827: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4795: 4788: 4787:External links 4785: 4783: 4782: 4775: 4739:Seed, Patricia 4735: 4692: 4680: 4674: 4654: 4631: 4624: 4614: 4596:(2): 189–203. 4585: 4556: 4548:Innes, Hammond 4544: 4538: 4522: 4490: 4470:10.2307/971851 4453: 4447: 4431: 4411:10.2307/971893 4391: 4389: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4375: 4357: 4331: 4317: 4291: 4278: 4252: 4235: 4208: 4206:Gibson (1978). 4199: 4197:Lovell (1992). 4190: 4172: 4163: 4150: 4125: 4116: 4094: 4075: 4050: 4035: 4021: 4001: 3973: 3970:. Orion Press. 3958: 3940: 3931: 3918: 3916:Kubler (1945). 3909: 3895: 3892:978-1420941142 3877:Prescott, W.H. 3832: 3818: 3809: 3798: 3775: 3768: 3738: 3731: 3719:Leslie Bethell 3705: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3586:Habsburg Spain 3583: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3570: 3556: 3542: 3526: 3523: 3510: 3484: 3466: 3454: 3447: 3444: 3395:Matthew Reilly 3278: 3277: 3260:September 2019 3242:of the subject 3240:worldwide view 3235: 3233: 3226: 3220: 3217: 3211: 3208: 3156: 3153: 3122:Neo-Inca State 3098:Audiencia Real 3081: 3078: 3051:Neo-Inca State 3028:siege of Cuzco 2991: 2988: 2912:room with gold 2894:Chichimeca War 2769: 2766: 2749:runa quicachac 2740:Viracocha Cuna 2682: 2642: 2639: 2588: 2585: 2578:, a native of 2567: 2566: 2552: 2545: 2538: 2535: 2528: 2526:Neo-Inca State 2510: 2503: 2493: 2486: 2463: 2460:Queen of Spain 2456: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2372: 2370: 2363: 2357: 2354: 2342:Inca Civil War 2323:Ninan Cuyochic 2154: 2153: 2151: 2150: 2143: 2136: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2111: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2022: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1975:New Motherland 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1855: 1854: 1845: 1844: 1837: 1830: 1829: 1827: 1826: 1819: 1812: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1786:Neo-Inca State 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1755: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1692: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1676: 1675: 1664: 1663: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1633:Morocco (1909) 1629: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1606:Cuba (1895–98) 1603: 1598: 1596:Cuba (1879–80) 1593: 1591:Cuba (1868–78) 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1557: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1524:Uruguay (1811) 1521: 1516: 1514:Peru (1811–24) 1511: 1506: 1501: 1499:Florida (1810) 1496: 1491: 1481: 1475: 1474: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1457:Algiers (1784) 1454: 1452:Algiers (1783) 1449: 1444: 1442:Peru (1780–82) 1439: 1434: 1429: 1427:Algiers (1775) 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1397: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1365:Bahamas (1720) 1362: 1357: 1351: 1350: 1346: 1345: 1343:Morocco (1689) 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1318:Jamaica (1658) 1315: 1313:Jamaica (1657) 1310: 1308:Jamaica (1655) 1305: 1300: 1298:Tortuga (1654) 1295: 1290: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1220:Morocco (1614) 1217: 1215:Tunisia (1605) 1212: 1207: 1201: 1200: 1196: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1148:Tunisia (1574) 1145: 1140: 1138:Florida (1565) 1135: 1130: 1128:Morocco (1563) 1125: 1123:Algeria (1563) 1120: 1115: 1113:Tunisia (1560) 1110: 1108:Algeria (1558) 1105: 1103:Algeria (1556) 1100: 1098:Algeria (1555) 1095: 1090: 1088:Tunisia (1550) 1085: 1083:Algeria (1547) 1080: 1075: 1070: 1068:Algeria (1543) 1065: 1063:Algeria (1541) 1060: 1055: 1053:Tunisia (1535) 1050: 1048:Algeria (1535) 1045: 1040: 1038:Tunisia (1534) 1035: 1033:Peru (1532–72) 1030: 1028:Algeria (1531) 1025: 1023:Algeria (1529) 1020: 1015: 1013:Morocco (1525) 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 988:Tunisia (1520) 985: 983:Algeria (1519) 980: 975: 970: 965: 963:Algeria (1516) 960: 955: 953:Tunisia (1510) 950: 948:Tripoli (1510) 945: 943:Algeria (1510) 940: 938:Algeria (1509) 935: 933:Morocco (1508) 930: 928:Algeria (1507) 925: 923:Algeria (1505) 919: 918: 914: 913: 911:Melilla (1497) 908: 906:Algeria (1497) 903: 898: 893: 887: 886: 882: 879: 878: 867: 866: 859: 852: 844: 835: 834: 832: 831: 820: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 778: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 728: 725: 724: 713: 712: 705: 698: 690: 682: 681: 678: 674: 673: 669: 668: 663: 648: 647: 643: 642: 640: 639: 620: 608: 596: 577: 576: 556: 537: 517: 494: 492: 490: 489: 477: 460: 448: 436: 416: 404: 392: 380: 368: 348: 336: 324: 312: 299: 296: 295: 291: 290: 285:Neo-Inca State 259: 258: 257: 251: 246: 243: 238: 233: 205: 204: 189: 174: 153:Spanish Empire 140: 139: 135: 134: 131: 130: 128:Spanish Empire 120: 114: 113: 112: 111: 105: 95: 84: 80: 79: 76: 74: 70: 69: 66: 58: 57: 45: 44: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9679: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9639: 9637: 9627: 9617: 9615: 9605: 9603: 9593: 9592: 9589: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9545: 9542: 9541: 9540: 9537: 9533: 9530: 9529: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9502:Tapada limeña 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9469: 9466: 9459: 9455: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9384: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9364: 9361: 9354: 9350: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9254: 9252: 9248: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9142: 9139: 9135: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9094:Montes Claros 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9034:Vienna (1529) 9032: 9030: 9027: 9026: 9024: 9020: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8875: 8873: 8869: 8866: 8862: 8859: 8855: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8763:Hernán Cortés 8761: 8760: 8758: 8756: 8755:Conquistadors 8752: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8725:Juan de Ayala 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8621: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8579:Duke of Savoy 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8551: 8549: 8545: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8489: 8485: 8478: 8474: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8410: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8378:Dollar (Peso) 8376: 8375: 8373: 8371: 8367: 8363: 8356: 8352: 8338: 8337:Santo Domingo 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8264: 8262: 8260: 8256: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8214:New Andalusia 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8186: 8184: 8182: 8178: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8161:Santo Domingo 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8120: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8085:Viceroyalties 8082: 8078: 8071: 8067: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8024: 8022: 8018: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7977: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7947: 7945: 7941: 7937: 7930: 7926: 7912: 7909: 7908: 7905: 7898: 7887: 7883: 7879: 7875: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7845: 7842: 7835: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7794: 7790: 7787: 7786: 7783: 7778: 7772: 7761: 7757: 7753: 7749: 7745: 7741: 7737: 7734: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7720: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7705: 7701: 7698: 7697: 7694: 7690:South America 7687: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7641: 7637: 7633: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7620: 7617: 7610: 7599: 7595: 7589: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7575:Spanish Texas 7572: 7568: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7557: 7553:North America 7550: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7534:Franche-Comté 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7478: 7475: 7474: 7471: 7464: 7460: 7453: 7449: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7231: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7209: 7204: 7202: 7197: 7195: 7190: 7189: 7186: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7160: 7156: 7153: 7149: 7148: 7144: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7071: 7067: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6980: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6918: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6906: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6879: 6876: 6875: 6874: 6871: 6867: 6864: 6863: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6833: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6821: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6767: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6755: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6631: 6626: 6624: 6619: 6617: 6612: 6611: 6608: 6594: 6593: 6580: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6525: 6522: 6518: 6513: 6504: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6487: 6481: 6476: 6473: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6451: 6448: 6445: 6444:Hernán Cortés 6440: 6437: 6433: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6360: 6356: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6331: 6328: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6302: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6227: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6171: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6121: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6107: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6081: 6076: 6073: 6070: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6014: 6009: 6006: 6003: 5998: 5995: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5935: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5906: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5882: 5877: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5533: 5530: 5526: 5523: 5522: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5497: 5495: 5493: 5492:South America 5489: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5315: 5314:Weeden Island 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5289:Poverty Point 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5254:Mississippian 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5181:North America 5178: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5151:Paleo-Indians 5149: 5148: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5131: 5126: 5124: 5119: 5117: 5112: 5111: 5108: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5079: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5004:Inca religion 5001: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4923: 4918: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4840: 4835: 4833: 4828: 4826: 4821: 4820: 4817: 4811:, Oct 8, 2023 4810: 4806: 4800: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4749: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4671: 4666: 4665: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4644:(3): 426–43. 4643: 4639: 4638: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4622: 4618: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4567:(4): 413–27. 4566: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4552:Conquistadors 4549: 4545: 4541: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4526:Hemming, John 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4464:(2): 119–38. 4463: 4459: 4454: 4450: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4378: 4372: 4368: 4367:Conquistadors 4361: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4327: 4321: 4306: 4302: 4295: 4288: 4282: 4267: 4263: 4256: 4249:(in Spanish). 4248: 4247: 4239: 4223: 4219: 4212: 4203: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4167: 4160: 4154: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4120: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4098: 4090: 4086: 4079: 4073: 4072:9780822321460 4069: 4065: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4046: 4039: 4024: 4018: 4014: 4013: 4005: 3990: 3989: 3984: 3977: 3969: 3962: 3956:Innes (1969). 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3935: 3928: 3922: 3913: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3830:Means (1932). 3827: 3825: 3823: 3816:Covey (2000). 3813: 3806: 3801: 3795: 3791: 3790: 3782: 3780: 3771: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3742: 3734: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3702:. 8 May 2012. 3701: 3695: 3693: 3688: 3674: 3668: 3664: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3568: 3557: 3554: 3543: 3540: 3529: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3507: 3503: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3465: 3453: 3443: 3441: 3440: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3427: 3421: 3419: 3415: 3414: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3354:Peter Shaffer 3351: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3333: 3330:, written by 3329: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3317: 3311: 3309: 3308: 3302: 3300: 3299:Conquistadors 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3274: 3271: 3263: 3253: 3249: 3243: 3241: 3234: 3225: 3224: 3216: 3207: 3203: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3169: 3167: 3161: 3152: 3149: 3143: 3141: 3140: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3086: 3075: 3071: 3070:King Carlos I 3066: 3062: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3043: 3041: 3040:Ollantaytambo 3036: 3032: 3029: 3020: 3016: 3014: 3008: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2996:Túpac Huallpa 2987: 2985: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2964:Túpac Huallpa 2961: 2957: 2952: 2950: 2944: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2909: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2873: 2871: 2870:conquistadors 2865: 2863: 2858: 2856: 2850: 2845: 2843: 2839: 2837: 2836:requerimiento 2831: 2827: 2818: 2813: 2809: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2787:Pizarro sent 2785: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2765: 2763: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2741: 2732: 2728: 2726: 2721: 2719: 2714: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2695: 2693: 2681: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2647: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2606:Lake Titicaca 2601: 2599: 2595: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2508: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2491: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2461: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2418: 2415: 2407: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2373:This section 2371: 2367: 2362: 2361: 2349: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2294: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2269: 2268:Paqariq Tampu 2265: 2261: 2257: 2256:Jared Diamond 2252: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2149: 2144: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2130: 2129: 2127: 2126: 2123: 2113: 2112: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2099:Years in Peru 2097: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2085: 2084: 2077: 2076:Peruvian wars 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2024: 2023: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1869:By chronology 1866: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1856: 1853: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1835: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1360:Chiloé (1712) 1358: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1333:Panama (1671) 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1279:Taiwan (1642) 1277: 1275: 1274:Taiwan (1641) 1272: 1270: 1269:Brazil (1640) 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1259:Brazil (1638) 1257: 1255: 1254:Brazil (1631) 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1238: 1236: 1235:Taiwan (1626) 1233: 1231: 1230:Brazil (1625) 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1198: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1153:Brunei (1578) 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 920: 916: 915: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 901:Guinea (1478) 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 888: 884: 883: 880: 875: 865: 860: 858: 853: 851: 846: 845: 842: 830: 827: 826: 825: 824: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 784: 783: 782: 776: 775:Ollantaytambo 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 735:Punta Quemada 733: 732: 731: 726: 721: 711: 706: 704: 699: 697: 692: 691: 688: 679: 676: 675: 670: 664: 662:allies (1535) 661: 656: 650: 649: 644: 637: 631: 630:Túpac Amaru I 626: 621: 619: 614: 609: 607: 602: 597: 595: 590: 585: 584: 583: 582: 575: 573: 567: 562: 557: 554: 548: 543: 538: 536: 534: 528: 523: 518: 515: 509: 504: 499: 498: 497: 493: 488: 483: 478: 471: 466: 461: 459: 458:Túpac Huallpa 454: 449: 447: 442: 437: 435: 433: 427: 422: 417: 415: 410: 405: 403: 398: 393: 391: 386: 381: 379: 374: 369: 367: 365: 359: 354: 349: 347: 342: 337: 335: 330: 325: 323: 318: 313: 311: 306: 301: 300: 298: 297: 292: 286: 271: 260: 255: 252: 250: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 228: 227: 226: 225:Native allies 218: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 159: 158: 154: 142: 141: 136: 129: 125: 121: 116: 115: 109: 106: 103: 100: 96: 93: 90: 89: 88: 85: 82: 81: 75: 72: 71: 67: 64: 63: 59: 56: 51: 46: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 9477:Architecture 9438: 9372:The Americas 9236:Newfoundland 9226:Túpac Katari 9216:Cuerno Verde 9151:Tenochtitlan 8983:Valenciennes 8740:Luis Fajardo 8609:Blas de Lezo 8554:Duke of Alba 8434:Spanish Road 8272:Buenos Aires 8181:Governorates 7950:Ayuntamiento 7943:Organization 7408:Carlist Wars 7256:Italian Wars 7108:Machu Picchu 7078:Architecture 7035:Prostitution 7005:Demographics 6926:Central Bank 6861:Human rights 6841:Constitution 6675: 6583: 6516: 6497: 6366:Moctezuma II 6323:Inca history 6248:Andean Music 6192:Architecture 6187:Architecture 6182:Architecture 6177:Architecture 6173:Architecture 6167:Gender Roles 5912:Tenochtitlan 5835:Timoto–Cuica 5830:Tierradentro 5615:Casma–Sechin 5347:Chalcatzingo 5072:Willka Raymi 4989:Inca cuisine 4926:Inca society 4896: 4778: 4752: 4746: 4707:(3): 41–74. 4704: 4700: 4687: 4663: 4641: 4635: 4627: 4620: 4593: 4589: 4564: 4560: 4551: 4529: 4501: 4497: 4461: 4457: 4438: 4402: 4396: 4388:Bibliography 4366: 4360: 4348:. Retrieved 4344:the original 4334: 4320: 4308:. Retrieved 4304: 4294: 4281: 4269:. Retrieved 4265: 4255: 4245: 4238: 4226:. Retrieved 4221: 4211: 4202: 4193: 4184: 4175: 4166: 4159:Spanish Peru 4158: 4153: 4141:. Retrieved 4137: 4128: 4119: 4097: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4063: 4044: 4038: 4026:. Retrieved 4011: 4004: 3992:. Retrieved 3986: 3976: 3967: 3961: 3938:Seed (1991). 3934: 3926: 3921: 3912: 3880: 3812: 3803: 3788: 3759: 3741: 3722: 3708: 3667: 3596:Inca society 3576:Ancient Peru 3553:Spain portal 3517: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3491: 3480: 3473: 3462: 3450: 3437: 3435: 3431:Lost Verizon 3426:The Simpsons 3424: 3422: 3411: 3409: 3398: 3392: 3383: 3377: 3370: 3364: 3357: 3352: 3345: 3336: 3327: 3325: 3320: 3314: 3312: 3305: 3303: 3294: 3286: 3281: 3266: 3257: 3237: 3213: 3204: 3183: 3170: 3162: 3158: 3144: 3137: 3100:, a type of 3095: 3091: 3059: 3044: 3037: 3033: 3025: 3009: 2993: 2972: 2968:Tawantinsuyu 2953: 2945: 2941: 2905: 2902: 2874: 2866: 2852: 2846: 2833: 2822: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2786: 2771: 2761: 2758: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2739: 2737: 2722: 2715: 2696: 2689: 2675: 2652: 2628: 2617:Challcuchima 2614: 2602: 2590: 2410: 2401: 2386:Please help 2374: 2331: 2314:conquistador 2312:The Spanish 2311: 2295: 2291: 2272: 2260:Huayna Capac 2253: 2248:their empire 2225: 2221:Amazon Basin 2195:in the 1532 2176:conquistador 2163: 2159: 2157: 2104:Coups d'état 1900:Independence 1889: 1795: 1752:Inca history 1708:Architecture 1689:Inca society 1627:20th century 1473:19th century 1462:Chile (1792) 1349:18th century 1285: 1244:Nevis (1629) 1241: 1199:17th century 1093:Libya (1551) 1032: 917:16th century 885:15th century 822: 821: 812:Jaquijahuana 780: 779: 729: 717: 580: 578: 571: 547:Chalcuchimac 532: 495: 431: 363: 358:Juan Pizarro 221:(since 1533) 207: 143: 138:Belligerents 99:Inca emperor 86: 54: 40:Part of the 29: 9444:Philippines 9409:El Salvador 9029:Capo d'Orso 8913:St. Quentin 8888:Rome (1527) 8547:Strategists 8297:Guadalajara 8224:New Navarre 8219:New Castile 8204:La Luisiana 8156:Puerto Rico 8146:Philippines 8103:New Granada 7793:Philippines 7754:(Uruguay), 7750:(Bolivia), 7700:New Granada 7640:Puerto Rico 7586: [ 7456:Territories 7276:Encomiendas 6944:Electricity 6921:Agriculture 6878:enforcement 6780:Earthquakes 6739:Demographic 6688:Viceroyalty 6671:Inca Empire 6429:Túpac Amaru 6413:Manco Cápac 6362:Moctezuma I 6273:Agriculture 6268:Agriculture 6263:Agriculture 6254:Agriculture 6197:Road System 6086:Mathematics 5951:Muysc Cubun 5805:San Agustín 5755:Monte Verde 5432:Teotihuacan 5324:Mesoamerica 5219:Coles Creek 5204:Anishinaabe 5161:Archaeology 5057:Urcuchillay 5047:Pacha Kamaq 5032:Manco Cápac 4902:Ransom Room 4872:Inca Empire 4846:Inca Empire 4755:(1): 7–32. 4504:(1): 1–15. 4405:(1): 7–26. 4350:20 November 4185:www.pbs.org 4143:13 November 3805:kilometers. 3611:Pambokancha 3539:Peru portal 3380:Ransom Room 3126:Túpac Amaru 3116:, in 1569. 3055:Túpac Amaru 2934:, the last 2762:supai cuna" 2670:Extremadura 2560:Túpac Amaru 2479:Chachapoyas 2264:Manco Cápac 2240:Maule River 2232:Patía River 2228:Inca Empire 2205:Inca Empire 1925:Restoration 1895:Viceroyalty 1885:Inca Empire 1849:History of 1766:Inca Empire 1728:Engineering 1703:Agriculture 1673:Inca Empire 1621:Guam (1898) 1407:Cuba (1762) 1375:Oran (1732) 1183:Cuba (1596) 792:Las Salinas 606:Sayri Túpac 487:Paullu Inca 270:Inca Empire 249:Chachapoyas 217:Inca Empire 169:New Castile 117:Territorial 92:Inca Empire 9636:Categories 9114:Somosierra 9104:Manila Bay 8978:Nördlingen 8918:Gravelines 8398:Columnario 8370:Currencies 8287:Concepción 8259:Audiencias 8234:New Toledo 8199:La Florida 8032:Corregidor 7996:Papal bull 7901:Antarctica 7809:Micronesia 7266:Golden Age 7103:Literature 7020:Irrigation 6938:(currency) 6851:Government 6836:Censorship 6400:Tisquesusa 6374:Cuauhtémoc 6370:Cuitláhuac 5700:Lauricocha 5670:Gran Chaco 5660:Cupisnique 5645:Chinchorro 5620:Chachapoya 5610:Caral–Supe 5452:Tlaxcaltec 5442:Teuchitlán 5357:Chupícuaro 5284:Plum Bayou 5279:Plaquemine 5249:Marksville 5214:Chichimeca 5027:Mama Killa 5022:Coricancha 4974:Warachikuy 4310:18 January 4271:18 January 3683:References 3617:Reductions 3219:In fiction 3199:Chachapoya 3130:reductions 3047:Vilcabamba 2975:Chimborazo 2949:garrotting 2917:Pachacamac 2898:Arauco War 2778:Inca baths 2549:Manco Inca 2522:Vilcabamba 2490:Manco Inca 2483:oppression 2428:c. 1528 – 2275:Túpac Inca 2183:indigenous 1240:St. Kitts 829:Vilcabamba 765:Chimborazo 760:Maraycalla 750:Vilcaconga 660:indigenous 594:Manco Inca 470:Manco Inca 184:New Toledo 124:Inca lands 108:Resistance 9419:Nicaragua 9397:Guatemala 9307:Pichincha 9292:Chacabuco 9231:Pensacola 9176:Mataquito 9156:Cajamarca 9137:New World 9109:Trafalgar 9013:Alhucemas 8893:Landriano 8878:Comuneros 8864:Old World 8808:Joan Orpí 8528:Royalists 8302:Guatemala 8229:New Spain 8166:Venezuela 8141:Guatemala 8098:New Spain 8093:Columbian 7986:Exequatur 7886:Cape Juby 7740:Argentina 7563:New Spain 7497:Gibraltar 7261:Habsburgs 7050:Squatting 7025:Languages 7010:Education 6969:Transport 6931:Companies 6846:Elections 6785:Mountains 6758:Geography 6698:Guano Era 6421:Atahualpa 6417:Pachacuti 6392:Nemequene 6258:Chinampas 6080:Astronomy 6069:Astronomy 6049:Mythology 6044:Mythology 6039:Mythology 6034:Mythology 6030:Mythology 5860:Wankarani 5850:Tuncahuán 5740:Marajoara 5695:Las Vegas 5581:Atacameño 5477:Xochipala 5417:Purépecha 5377:Epi-Olmec 5367:Cuicuilco 5309:Troyville 5299:St. Johns 5067:Viracocha 5052:Pariacaca 4979:Inca army 4862:Sapa Inca 4771:252949347 4731:202896817 4486:164195422 4427:163333842 3925:Betanzos 3659:Footnotes 3285:'s novel 3283:Marmontel 3252:talk page 3176:. When a 3080:Aftermath 2936:Sapa Inca 2932:Atahualpa 2855:Santiago! 2830:Felipillo 2782:Cajamarca 2707:Caribbean 2635:Cajamarca 2610:Tumebamba 2518:Titu Cusi 2450:Atahualpa 2446:civil war 2404:July 2022 2375:does not 2338:Sapa Inca 2303:Atahualpa 2279:Pachacuti 2193:Atahualpa 2190:Sapa Inca 1935:Guano Era 1791:Civil War 1733:Mythology 1723:Education 817:Chuquinga 770:2nd Cusco 755:1st Cusco 745:Cajamarca 618:Titu Cusi 508:Atahualpa 474:(1533–36) 288:(1537–72) 273:(1532–36) 254:Huáscaran 202:(1542–72) 187:(1534–42) 172:(1529–42) 156:(1537–54) 102:Atahualpa 94:destroyed 68:1532–1572 9429:Colombia 9414:Honduras 9327:Asomante 9312:Ayacucho 9302:Carabobo 9277:Curalaba 9054:Ceresole 8948:Gembloux 8908:Mühlberg 8623:Mariners 8481:Military 8403:Doubloon 8388:Maravedí 8332:Santiago 8239:Paraguay 7965:Germania 7805:Caroline 7760:Malvinas 7744:Paraguay 7704:Colombia 7646:Trinidad 7513:Sardinia 7353:Bourbons 7168:Category 7123:Religion 7045:Religion 6995:Abortion 6954:Taxation 6885:Military 6824:Politics 6805:Wildlife 6744:Economic 6732:By topic 6658:Timeline 6641:articles 6517:See also 6435:Conquest 6408:Zoratama 6075:Calendar 6064:Calendar 6059:Calendar 6055:Calendar 6024:Religion 6019:Religion 6008:Religion 5997:Religion 5993:Religion 5982:Numerals 5976:Numerals 5937:Language 5917:Multiple 5855:Valdivia 5840:Tiwanaku 5800:Saladoid 5795:Quimbaya 5685:Kuhikugu 5665:Diaguita 5655:Chorrera 5472:Veraguas 5467:Veracruz 5447:Tlatilco 5259:Mogollon 5166:Cultures 5144:Americas 4741:(1991). 4686:(1932). 4660:(2007). 4619:(1994). 4550:(1969). 4528:(1970). 4091:(1): 18. 3879:, 2011, 3673:Eohippus 3525:See also 3511:— 3485:— 3467:— 3455:— 3375:(1959). 3356:'s play 3246:You may 3174:smallpox 3166:smallpox 3005:Quisquis 2979:Rumiñawi 2862:massacre 2780:outside 2703:Quechuan 2683:— 2666:Hernando 2621:Quisquis 2580:Trujillo 2442:smallpox 2327:smallpox 2236:Colombia 2217:Colombia 2094:Timeline 2088:See also 2055:By topic 1840:a series 1838:Part of 1738:Religion 802:Iñaquito 646:Strength 566:Rumiñawi 527:Quizquiz 104:executed 73:Location 9626:History 9588:Portals 9561:Asiento 9532:Mustang 9392:Yucatán 9387:Chiapas 9267:Tucapel 9099:Passaro 9049:Algiers 9039:Preveza 9008:Tetouan 9003:Vitoria 8993:Bitonto 8933:Antwerp 8928:Lepanto 8883:Bicocca 8359:Economy 8282:Charcas 8277:Caracas 8171:Yucatán 8042:Regidor 8027:Alcalde 7955:Cabildo 7862:Tripoli 7801:Mariana 7748:Charcas 7724:(Peru, 7708:Ecuador 7671:Bonaire 7666:Curazao 7651:Jamaica 7579:Florida 7152:Outline 7133:Symbols 7093:Cuisine 7070:Culture 6983:Society 6964:Tourism 6909:Economy 6775:Climate 6649:History 6404:Tundama 6333:Peoples 6318:History 6313:History 6308:History 6304:History 6298:Cuisine 6293:Cuisine 6288:Cuisine 6283:Cuisine 6279:Cuisine 6137:Warfare 6132:Warfare 6127:Warfare 6123:Warfare 6117:Society 6112:Economy 6101:Society 6096:Society 6092:Society 5962:Writing 5956:Quechua 5941:Nahuatl 5908:Capital 5845:Toyopán 5825:Tairona 5735:Mapuche 5650:Chiripa 5625:Chancay 5596:Cañaris 5571:Amotape 5566:El Abra 5482:Zapotec 5462:Totonac 5437:Tepanec 5422:Quelepa 5392:Mezcala 5382:Huastec 5352:Cholula 5342:Capacha 5337:Acolhua 5294:Sinagua 5269:Patayan 5239:Hohokam 5229:Fremont 5062:Vichama 4969:Panakas 4954:Chasqui 4854:History 4809:YouTube 4723:2503469 4610:2508415 4581:2508231 4518:1865900 4228:21 June 4112:YouTube 4028:30 June 3994:30 June 3929:(1996). 3721:(ed.). 3606:Paititi 3464:Romans. 3295:Account 3178:measles 2878:tactics 2774:Huáscar 2658:Gonzalo 2630:chasqui 2594:cannons 2547:1544 – 2530:1538 – 2505:1536 – 2475:Cañaris 2471:Chankas 2467:Huancas 2454:Huáscar 2396:removed 2381:sources 2299:Huáscar 2287:Ecuador 2238:to the 2209:Quechua 2172:Spanish 1718:Cuisine 1284:Chiloé 807:Huarina 787:Abancay 680:Unknown 677:Unknown 632: ( 572:† 549: ( 533:† 510: ( 446:Chilche 432:† 364:† 245:Huaylas 241:Chankas 236:Huancas 219:puppets 122:Former 119:changes 9539:Castas 9297:Boyacá 9272:Guiana 9262:Iguape 9186:Recife 9124:Mactan 9119:Annual 9084:Rocroi 9079:Leiden 9064:Djerba 8998:Bailén 8953:Ostend 8938:Azores 8533:Legión 8498:Tercio 8491:Armies 8393:Escudo 8322:Panamá 8317:Mexico 8312:Manila 8267:Bogotá 8052:Vecino 8047:Syndic 7878:Béjaïa 7838:Africa 7824:Tidore 7712:Panama 7676:Belize 7583:Mexico 7509:Sicily 7505:Naples 7467:Europe 7173:Portal 7088:Cinema 7015:Health 6800:Rivers 6770:Cities 6639: 6347:Muisca 6342:Mayans 6337:Aztecs 5971:Script 5966:Script 5926:Bacatá 5897:Muisca 5780:Pucará 5775:Piaroa 5770:Paiján 5765:Omagua 5720:Lupaca 5715:Lokono 5680:Kalina 5675:Huetar 5635:Chavín 5630:Chango 5605:Nariño 5601:Capulí 5591:Calima 5586:Aymara 5576:Arawak 5457:Toltec 5407:Olmecs 5402:Nicoya 5397:Mixtec 5372:Diquis 5274:Picosa 5264:Oshara 5234:Glades 5224:Dorset 5095:Yupana 4944:Amauta 4769: 4729: 4721: 4672: 4608: 4579: 4536: 4516: 4484: 4478:971851 4476: 4445: 4425: 4419:971893 4417: 4373: 4070: 4019: 3927:et al. 3890: 3796: 3766: 3729: 3446:Quotes 3400:Temple 3397:novel 3307:Alzira 3197:, and 3195:Chanka 3191:Cañari 3187:Huanca 3148:slaves 3134:Potosí 3118:Toledo 2896:, and 2886:slings 2882:Andean 2744:capito 2718:Tumbes 2664:, and 2438:Tumbes 2186:allies 1842:on the 797:Chupas 568: 529: 428: 360: 282: 267: 231:Cañari 214: 150: 83:Result 9602:Spain 9434:Chile 9402:Petén 9377:Aztec 9196:Bahia 9171:Penco 9161:Cusco 9089:Downs 9069:Tunis 8988:Ceuta 8973:Breda 8923:Malta 8903:Tunis 8898:Pavia 8412:Trade 8327:Quito 8292:Cusco 8131:Chile 7866:Tunis 7813:Palau 7730:Chile 7661:Aruba 7656:Haiti 7590:] 7519:Milan 7477:Spain 7159:Index 7128:Sport 7118:Music 7113:Media 7098:Llama 7000:Crime 6352:Incas 6243:Music 6238:Music 6233:Music 6229:Music 6162:Women 6157:Women 6152:Women 6148:Women 6106:Trade 5987:Quipu 5931:Cusco 5922:Hunza 5887:Aztec 5820:Taíno 5815:Sican 5810:Shuar 5760:Nazca 5750:Mollo 5745:Moche 5725:Luzia 5640:Chimú 5412:Pipil 5387:Izapa 5362:Coclé 5304:Thule 5194:Adena 5090:Quipu 5042:Supay 4964:Ñusta 4959:Mitma 4949:Ayllu 4939:Aclla 4767:S2CID 4727:S2CID 4719:JSTOR 4606:JSTOR 4577:JSTOR 4514:JSTOR 4482:S2CID 4474:JSTOR 4423:S2CID 4415:JSTOR 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