1621:
1633:
within the Cortes, including the conservative wing of the CEDA and the proposed reform was defeated. A change of personnel in the ministry also followed. The agrarian reform bill proved to be a catalyst for a series of increasingly bitter divisions within the
Catholic right, rifts that indicated that the broad based CEDA alliance was disintegrating. Partly as a result of the impetus of the JAP, the Catholic party had been moving further to the right, forcing the resignation of moderate government figures, including Filiberto Villalobos. Gil-Robles was not prepared to return the agriculture portfolio to Giménez Fernández. "For all the social Catholic rhetoric, the extreme right had won the day."
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54:
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Republican Spain, according to one of its posters had been decided by 'immorality and anarchy'. Catholics who continued to proclaim their republicanism were moved into the revolutionary camp and many speeches argued that the
Catholic republican option had become totally illegitimate. 'A good Catholic may not vote for the Conservative Republican party' declared a
1573:
argues that CEDA was neither fascist nor democratic. Payne argues that CEDA's goal was to win power through legal means and to then enact a constitutional revision that would protect property and religion and alter the basic political system. They would create neither a fascist state nor an absolute
1502:
made from the dried penises of bulls) – taken along to 'fend off the violence which had been promised.' It was one example of the polarisation of political opinions which had occurred in the province of
Salamanca, Robles's province, since the early days of the Republic. This new CEDA squad was
1632:
Between
November 1934 and March 1935, the CEDA minister for agriculture, Manuel Giménez Fernández, introduced into parliament a series of agrarian reform measures designed to better conditions in the Spanish countryside. These moderate proposals met with a hostile response from reactionary elements
1660:
replaced Gil Robles as the right's leading spokesman in parliament. The
Falange expanded massively, and thousands of the JAP joined the organisation (though the majority of the JAP seem to have abandoned politics). They successfully created a sense of militancy on the streets, in order to make an
1477:
would come " which will tear your children from your arms, your parish church will be destroyed, the husband you love will flee from your side authorized by the divorce law, anarchy will come to the countryside, hunger and misery to your home." AFEC orators and organisers urged women to vote 'For
1451:'s Conservative Republicans. The CEDA swamped entire localities with electoral publicity. The party produced ten million leaflets, together with some two hundred thousand coloured posters and hundreds of cars were used to distribute this material through the provinces. In all of the major cities
1463:
The need for unity was the constant theme of the campaign fought by the CEDA and the election was presented as a confrontation of ideas, not of personalities. The electors' choice was simple: they voted for redemption or revolution and they voted for
Christianity or Communism. The fortunes of
1411:
Gil Robles set up CEDA to contest the 1933 election, and tacitly embraced
Fascism. Despite dismissing the idea of a party as a 'rigid fiction', the CEDA leaders created a stable party organisation which would lead the Spanish right into the age of mass politics. The CEDA was constructed around
1468:
editorial and the impression was given that
Conservative Republicans, far from being Catholics, were in fact anti-religious. In this all-round attack on the political centre, the mobilization of women also became a major electoral tactic of the Catholic right. The
1363:
The CEDA failed to make the substantive electoral gains from 1933 to 1936 (though it did see an increase in the number of individual votes) that were needed for it to form government. This resulted in right-wing voters draining away and turning instead towards the
2135:
1593:, the youth wing within the CEDA, "soon developed its own character. The JAP emphasized sporting and political activity. It had its own fortnightly paper, the first issue of which proclaimed: 'We want a new state.' The JAP's distaste for the principles of
1620:
1555:, Robles staging a rally in March 1934, to shouts of "Jefe" ("Chief", after the Italian "Duce" used in support of Mussolini). Robles used anti-strike law to pick union leaders off one by one, and attempted to undermine the republican government of the
1661:
authoritarian regime justifiable. CEDA came under direct attack from the
Falange. This rapid radicalization of the CEDA youth movement effectively meant that all attempts to save parliamentary Catholicism were doomed to failure.
2132:
1514:
in no small part because the massive CNT membership abstained, holding true to their anarchist principles. The CEDA had won a plurality of seats; however, these were not enough to form a majority, but then
President
1390:
led to CEDA abandoning moderation and providing support for the military uprising against the republic, which included donating its electoral funds to the initial leader of the Nationalist faction, General
1253:,' translating this theoretical stand into a political demand for the revision of the anti-Catholic passages of the republican constitution. CEDA saw itself as a defensive organisation, formed to protect
687:
1416:
in December 1932. Having accepted the "principles of Christian civilization", confederated bodies retained full freedom both of thought and of action – such a definition was framed with the
1612:
On 26 September, the CEDA announced it would no longer support the RRP's minority government; it was replaced by a RRP cabinet, led by Lerroux once more, that included three members of the CEDA.
1503:
also very much in evidence on election day itself, when its members patrolled the streets and polling stations in the provincial capital, supposedly to prevent the left from tampering with the
1431:
instructed its readers to make the coming elections into an "obsession", the " sublime culmination of citizenly duties," so that victory in the polls would bring an end to the republican
1356:
CEDA was largely the party of practicing Roman Catholics, the middle-class, and small holding farm families. It would ultimately become the most popular individual party in Spain in the
1400:
1578:. While this would entail the limitation of direct democratic rights, it would not be a state in the style of Hitler or Mussolini's but probably closer to the neighbouring Portuguese
17:
1688:, outlawing the rest of political parties in the rebel-controlled territory. As result, CEDA ceased to exist. Many party cadres, including Franco's co-brother-in-law
1567:
in 1933 and spoken of its " youthful enthusiasm, steeped in optimism, so different to the desolate and enervating scepticism of our defeatists and intellectuals."
1531:
government led by Lerroux; it later demanded and, on October 1, 1934, received three ministerial positions. They suspended most of the reforms of the previous
2259:
2239:
2249:
1447:. A national electoral committee was established, comprising CEDA, Alfonsist, Traditionalist, and Agrarian representatives – but excluding
1644:. However, Zamora did not allow the CEDA to form a government, and called elections. The elections of February 16, 1936 were narrowly won by the
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1487:
2234:
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859:
643:
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789:
66:
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had been formed in October 1931. As the 1933 general election approached women were warned that unless they voted correctly
1018:
2214:
1563:, the JAP created an intense and often disturbing cult around the figure of Gil Robles. Robles himself had returned from
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819:
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in mind. The right would work together for 'the radical transformation of the regime.' October 1933 announcement of a
516:
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and was greatly influenced by it, henceforth becoming committed to creating a single anti-Marxist and pro-Catholic
874:
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1337:, the CEDA emulated the propaganda ploys of the Nazis, including a similar emphasis upon obedience to authority,
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573:
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175:
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844:
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139:
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261:
618:
489:
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1692:(who ended up becoming chief of the political junta of the FET y de las JONS) joined the new organization.
1556:
963:
167:
158:
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was such that internal decisions were never voted upon. As the thirteenth point of the JAP put it: "Anti-
1258:
900:
1066:
548:
1096:
932:
1664:
Many of the party's supporters welcomed the military rebellion in the summer of 1936 which led to the
1701:
1277:
submits or we will eliminate it." The CEDA held Fascist-style rallies, called Gil-Robles "Jefe", the
910:
905:
1519:
declined to invite the leader of the CEDA, Gil Robles, to form a government and instead invited the
829:
633:
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1520:
1387:
1368:
1298:
1114:
983:
948:
854:
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Ruiz, Julius. The 'red Terror' and the Spanish Civil War. Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 28
1318:
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958:
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the efforts of a group of left wing sympathisers to prevent people entering the bullring, where
1482:
brought young male activists to the fore. In one incident in the last week of the campaign, in
623:
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is not an end but a mean to achieve the conquest of the new state. When the time comes, either
1250:
1246:
1119:
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553:
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1645:
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God and for Spain!' Mirroring the female qualities emphasized by AFEC the CEDA's self-styled
1412:
organisational units known as Derechas Autónomas, the first of which had been established in
1314:
915:
849:
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1551:), being followed by mass political arrests and trials. CEDA continued to mimic the German
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Payne, Stanley G. The Franco Regime, 1936–1975. University of Wisconsin Press, 2011, p. 46
1657:
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1605:. The people participating in Government in an organic manner, not by degenerate
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and defined itself in terms of the 'affirmation and defence of the principles of
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Mary Vincent, Catholicism in the Second Spanish Republic, Chapter 9, p. 202
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1494:. Later stopped and searched they were found to be carrying a quantity of
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61:
1817:. 3rd edition. New York: Norton & Company, Inc, 2007. 2006 pp. 45, 69.
1903:
Gaceta Regional, 27 December 1932, 9 January 1933, quoted, M.Vincent, 203
1860:. 3rd edition. New York: Norton & Company, Inc, 2007. 2006 pp. 88–89.
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429:
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346:
183:
1648:, with vastly smaller resources than the political right, who followed
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1342:
1330:
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446:
418:
133:
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1876:. 3rd edition. New York: Norton & Company, Inc, 2007. 2006 p. 89.
1835:. 3rd edition. New York: Norton & Company, Inc, 2007. 2006 p. 62.
1804:. 3rd edition. New York: Norton & Company, Inc, 2007. 2006 p. 64.
1637:
1636:
Lerroux's Radical government collapsed after two large scandals, the
1606:
1544:
1474:
1413:
1346:
1317:. CEDA often claimed that the Far Left political parties leading the
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1008:
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declared his intention to "give Spain a true unity, a new spirit, a
524:
1536:
1528:
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were shown around the streets on screens mounted on large lorries.
339:
1427:
brought about an unprecedented mobilization of the Spanish right.
53:
2124:
La CEDA: El catolicismo social y politico en la Segunda República
1685:
1652:
techniques. CEDA turned its campaign chest over to army plotter
1417:
1322:
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333:
297:
2004:
Preston, Coming of the Spanish Civil war, 153–154 (2nd edn, 184)
1401:
Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista
1609:." The JAP held a series of rallies during the course of 1934.
1495:
424:
112:
1378:. Outrage over both Calvo Sotelo's 1936 assassination and the
1843:
1841:
1091:
116:
1868:
1866:
1807:
225:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1435:. Great emphasis was placed on the techniques of electoral
1399:(JAP; "Youth for Popular Action") defected en masse to the
1283:
1013:
530:
1838:
1510:
In the 1933 elections, the CEDA won the most seats in the
1406:
2152:
The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution & Revenge
1874:
The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution & Revenge
1863:
1858:
The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution & Revenge
1833:
The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution & Revenge
1815:
The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution & Revenge
1802:
The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution & Revenge
1820:
1395:. Subsequently, many members of CEDA's youth movement,
1986:, 1923–1977. University of Wisconsin Pres, 1999, p. 45
1951:
1949:
1763:
The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939
1615:
1535:
government, provoking an armed miners' rebellion in
1946:
1490:was speaking, led to a running battle with CEDA's
1459:
The polarization of political opinions and the CEDA
1760:
2186:
1341:, and social hierarchy. Gil-Robles observed a
1624:José María Gil-Robles at a campaign rally at
1183:
18:Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right
2180:(1 ed.). London: Eyre and Spottiswoode.
1204:Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas
45:Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas
1721:
1719:
1717:
1386:linked to all Far Left parties against the
1297:The CEDA claimed that it was defending the
1207:
2260:Political parties of the Spanish Civil War
2240:Defunct political party alliances in Spain
1749:
1743:Democracy and Civil War in Spain 1932–1939
1728:Democracy and Civil War in Spain 1932–1939
1217:Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights
1190:
1176:
224:
52:
42:Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights
2072:. Cornell University Press. p. 106.
2067:
2052:
1740:
1734:
1725:
2250:Political parties disestablished in 1937
1714:
1619:
2146:
2121:
2070:The Sources of Democratic Consolidation
1443:to study modern methods, including the
1407:The CEDA eclipses the republican centre
14:
2187:
2172:
2092:
1925:Gaceta Regional, 5 and 8 November 1933
1755:
1321:had already made politics a matter of
2255:Political parties established in 1933
1329:. With the advent of the rise of the
2235:Defunct nationalist parties in Spain
1241:force, it was the political heir to
1019:Francisco Franco National Foundation
2225:Defunct Christian political parties
1676:which laid out the creation of the
24:
1668:. In April 1937, the rebel leader
1616:Rifts, moving further to the right
27:1933–1937 political party in Spain
25:
2276:
2022:Preston (2006). pp. 82–83.
1973:Preston (2006). pp. 73–74.
1885:Preston (2006). pp. 63–65.
1680:upon the merging of the Fascist
1471:Asociación Femenina de Educación
1157:
1145:
276:
67:José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones
2200:1937 disestablishments in Spain
2143:, Volume: 49 Issue: 5, May 1999
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2043:
2034:
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2016:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1906:
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1888:
1879:
1269:polity..." and went on to say "
974:Regionalist League of Catalonia
495:Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
1850:
1794:
1785:
13:
1:
2245:National conservative parties
2220:Conservative parties in Spain
1707:
1527:to do so. CEDA supported the
1488:José María Lamamié de Clairac
1294:) to forcefully seize power.
938:Democratic Union of Catalonia
2230:Defunct conservative parties
2195:1933 establishments in Spain
2122:Montero, José Ramón (1977),
1590:Juventudes de Acción Popular
1557:Republican Left of Catalonia
1425:general election in November
1397:Juventudes de Acción Popular
140:Juventudes de Acción Popular
7:
1695:
10:
2281:
2215:Catholic political parties
2115:
2068:Alexander, Gerard (2018).
2031:Preston (1999). pp. 17–23.
1741:Blinkhorn, Martin (2002),
1726:Blinkhorn, Martin (2002),
584:Fernández de la Mora y Mon
29:
1767:. Penguin Group. p.
1702:Category:CEDA politicians
1574:monarchy but a Catholic,
911:Spanish Catholic Movement
688:The Dehumanization of Art
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122:
108:
98:
88:
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2097:. Penguin. p. 255.
1745:, Routledge, p. 140
1521:Radical Republican Party
1388:Catholic Church in Spain
1299:Catholic Church in Spain
984:Traditionalist Communion
949:Liberal Republican Right
901:Navarrese People's Union
698:The Revolt of the Masses
490:1923 Spanish coup d'état
2265:Second Spanish Republic
2205:Anti-communism in Spain
2093:Beevor, Antony (2006).
1730:, Routledge, p. 15
1684:and the traditionalist
1319:Second Spanish Republic
1307:authoritarian socialism
1259:private property rights
1232:Second Spanish Republic
1152:Conservatism portal
191:Political position
153:700,000 (party's claim)
2210:Anti-communist parties
2058:Preston (2006). p. 92.
2049:Preston (2006). p. 89.
1964:Preston (2006). p. 72.
1955:Thomas (1961). p. 100.
1943:Preston (2006). p. 67.
1629:
1303:Christian civilization
1251:Christian civilization
1120:Sociological Francoism
2178:The Spanish Civil War
1995:Thomas (1961). p. 78.
1914:No fue posible la paz
1623:
1539:on October 6, and an
1439:. Gil Robles visited
1315:religious persecution
1263:José María Gil-Robles
1115:Immigration and crime
1087:Revista Contemporánea
353:Political Catholicism
270:Conservatism in Spain
180:National conservatism
168:Political Catholicism
32:CEDA (disambiguation)
2126:, Revista de Trabajo
2095:The Battle for Spain
1576:corporative republic
1517:Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
1255:religious toleration
322:National Catholicism
30:For other uses, see
1690:Ramón Serrano Suñer
1369:Renovación Española
1339:extreme nationalism
1125:Spanish irredentism
1030:Movimiento Nacional
678:Liberalism is a Sin
485:Bourbon Restoration
375:Spanish nationalism
358:Christian democracy
172:Spanish nationalism
2138:2007-03-13 at the
1982:Payne, Stanley G.
1674:Unification Decree
1630:
1599:parliamentarianism
1595:universal suffrage
1492:sección de defensa
1480:sección de defensa
1279:Castillian Spanish
1243:Ángel Herrera Oria
979:Spanish Renovation
933:Conservative Party
1778:978-0-14-303765-1
1678:FET y de las JONS
1666:Spanish Civil War
1658:José Calvo Sotelo
1525:Alejandro Lerroux
1376:José Calvo Sotelo
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943:FET y de las JONS
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2202:
2197:
2183:
2182:
2170:
2164:
2154:(3 ed.).
2144:
2128:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2085:
2078:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1905:
1896:
1894:Vincent, p.202
1887:
1878:
1872:Paul Preston.
1862:
1856:Paul Preston.
1849:
1837:
1831:Paul Preston.
1819:
1813:Paul Preston.
1806:
1800:Paul Preston.
1793:
1784:
1777:
1757:Beevor, Antony
1748:
1733:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1697:
1694:
1682:FE de las JONS
1656:. Monarchist
1617:
1614:
1541:independentist
1460:
1457:
1408:
1405:
1403:or "Falange".
1358:1936 elections
1281:equivalent to
1257:, family, and
1247:Acción Popular
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1154:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1109:Related topics
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
998:
995:
994:
991:
990:
987:
986:
981:
976:
971:
969:Popular Action
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
940:
935:
930:
919:
918:
913:
908:
906:People's Party
903:
894:
891:
890:
887:
886:
883:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
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802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
726:
723:
722:
719:
718:
715:
714:
704:
694:
684:
673:
670:
669:
666:
665:
662:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
574:d'Ors (Álvaro)
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
545:
542:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
528:
521:
520:
519:
509:
508:
507:
497:
492:
487:
482:
480:Spanish Empire
476:
473:
472:
469:
468:
465:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
443:
442:
432:
427:
422:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
393:Anti-communism
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
372:
371:
370:
368:Traditionalism
365:
363:Neocatholicism
360:
350:
343:
336:
331:
326:
325:
324:
314:
313:
312:
307:
295:
289:
286:
285:
282:
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273:
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266:
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253:
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244:
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207:
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202:
193:
187:
186:
161:
155:
154:
151:
144:
143:
136:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
93:Popular Action
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
64:
58:
57:
49:
48:
44:
41:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2277:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2156:HarperCollins
2153:
2149:
2148:Preston, Paul
2145:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2106:
2104:9781101201206
2100:
2096:
2089:
2081:
2079:9781501720482
2075:
2071:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1985:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1950:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1859:
1853:
1844:
1842:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1816:
1810:
1803:
1797:
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1713:
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1700:
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1687:
1683:
1679:
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1671:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:Popular Front
1643:
1639:
1634:
1627:
1626:San Sebastián
1622:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1571:Stanley Payne
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1543:rebellion in
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
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1476:
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1467:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1382:unleashed by
1381:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:State Atheism
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1292:March on Rome
1290:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1205:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1098:
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1078:
1075:
1073:
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1055:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1000:
999:
996:Organisations
993:
992:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
924:
923:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
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881:
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868:
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848:
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843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
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813:
811:
808:
806:
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801:
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791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
755:Donoso Cortés
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
727:
721:
720:
710:
709:
708:The New State
705:
700:
699:
695:
690:
689:
685:
680:
679:
675:
674:
668:
667:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
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637:
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632:
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627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
569:Donoso Cortés
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
543:Intellectuals
540:
539:
532:
529:
527:
526:
522:
518:
515:
514:
513:
510:
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
471:
470:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
441:
438:
437:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
420:
416:
414:
413:Family values
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
384:
383:
376:
373:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
354:
351:
349:
348:
344:
342:
341:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
323:
320:
319:
318:
315:
311:
308:
306:
305:
304:Carloctavismo
301:
300:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
284:
283:
279:
275:
274:
268:
267:
263:
259:
258:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
234:
231:
227:
222:
217:
214:
208:
204:
201:
197:
194:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
176:Accidentalism
173:
169:
165:
162:
160:
156:
152:
145:
142:
141:
137:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
84:19 April 1937
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
65:
63:
59:
55:
50:
38:
33:
19:
2177:
2174:Thomas, Hugh
2151:
2131:
2123:
2094:
2088:
2069:
2063:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2018:
2009:
2000:
1991:
1983:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1913:
1912:Gil Robles,
1908:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1873:
1857:
1852:
1832:
1814:
1809:
1801:
1796:
1787:
1762:
1751:
1742:
1736:
1727:
1663:
1635:
1631:
1611:
1603:dictatorship
1588:
1586:
1579:
1569:
1560:
1533:Manuel Azaña
1509:
1505:ballot boxes
1491:
1479:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1449:Miguel Maura
1441:Nazi Germany
1432:
1428:
1410:
1384:death squads
1362:
1355:
1333:to power in
1327:anti-Marxism
1296:
1282:
1267:totalitarian
1239:conservative
1223:
1203:
1201:
1036:
1028:
1024:Madrid Forum
1001:
927:
921:
920:
895:
706:
696:
686:
676:
523:
505:White Terror
417:
398:Anti-Masonry
345:
338:
302:
164:Conservatism
138:
126:
109:Headquarters
76:4 March 1933
1672:issued the
1654:Emilio Mola
1581:Estado Novo
1433:bienio rojo
1393:Emilio Mola
850:Ruiz-Jarabo
724:Politicians
440:Traditional
430:Imperialism
408:Familialism
347:Noucentisme
184:Corporatism
147:Membership
2189:Categories
2165:0007232071
1708:References
1553:Nazi Party
1437:propaganda
1380:Red Terror
1366:Monarchist
1353:in Spain.
1343:Nazi Party
1331:Nazi Party
1305:" against
1275:parliament
1072:El Alcázar
1033:(factions)
945:(factions)
800:Goicoechea
790:Gil-Robles
671:Literature
649:de Unamuno
594:Gil Robles
447:Patriotism
419:Hispanidad
387:Principles
287:Ideologies
219:Party flag
196:Right-wing
134:Youth wing
1638:Straperlo
1607:democracy
1545:Catalonia
1500:bullwhips
1475:communism
1429:El Debate
1414:Salamanca
1347:Nuremberg
1345:rally in
1271:Democracy
1009:CitizenGo
954:New Force
860:de Tejada
840:de Rivera
805:Marhuenda
644:de Tejada
639:Santayana
614:de Maeztu
609:Marhuenda
462:Tradition
403:Authority
329:Integrism
317:Francoism
293:Alfonsism
247:Elections
200:far-right
127:El Debate
123:Newspaper
81:Dissolved
2176:(1961).
2150:(2006).
2136:Archived
1759:(2006).
1696:See also
1686:carlists
1628:in 1935.
1537:Asturias
1529:centrist
1484:Guijuelo
1418:Carlists
1236:Catholic
1082:La Razón
875:Valiente
619:Menéndez
604:Losantos
549:Albiñana
435:Monarchy
340:Mellismo
262:a series
260:Part of
159:Ideology
2116:Sources
1601:. Anti-
1335:Germany
1325:versus
1323:Marxism
1230:in the
1211:
1130:Iberism
1038:Requeté
922:Defunct
892:Parties
855:Serrano
845:Rodezno
830:Pradera
815:Navarro
750:Carrero
730:Abascal
634:Pradera
474:History
334:Maurism
298:Carlism
73:Founded
2162:
2101:
2076:
1775:
1512:Cortes
1496:pizzle
1313:, and
1062:Arriba
896:Active
870:Utrera
865:Tejero
785:Gambra
780:Franco
760:Cosidó
745:Casado
712:(1935)
702:(1929)
692:(1925)
682:(1884)
629:Panero
599:Hervás
589:Gambra
559:Balmes
525:Búnker
425:Honour
210:
206:Colors
149:(1933)
113:Madrid
62:Leader
1916:p.100
1301:and "
1097:Trece
1092:Telva
1067:Época
1051:Media
835:Rajoy
825:Piñar
820:Pérez
810:Maura
795:Girón
775:Fraga
740:Aznar
735:Ayuso
654:Vigón
117:Spain
2160:ISBN
2099:ISBN
2074:ISBN
1773:ISBN
1587:The
1561:jefe
1422:snap
1284:Duce
1234:. A
1224:CEDA
1208:lit.
1202:The
1014:FAES
928:CEDA
564:Cela
531:20-N
213:Blue
1769:xxx
1523:'s
1245:'s
1057:ABC
916:Vox
765:Fal
198:to
2191::
2158:.
1948:^
1865:^
1840:^
1822:^
1771:.
1716:^
1584:.
1507:.
1360:.
1309:,
1261:.
1222:,
264:on
115:,
2168:.
2107:.
2082:.
1781:.
1220:'
1214:'
1206:(
1191:e
1184:t
1177:v
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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