South Eastern Railway (England)

1205: 2012: 37: 175: 882:(L&SWR) regarded this line as a significant incursion into their areas of operation. Likewise the acquisition of a line so remote from its main area of operation, and of doubtful profitability, caused heated discussion and the resignation of several directors, who felt that the company should rather secure its territory and develop services in Kent, as the LB&SCR was doing in Sussex. It would also ultimately bring about Macgregor's downfall. Nevertheless, in 1858 the GWR, L&SWR, and SER made a three-year agreement to share traffic and provide a connecting line between their stations at Reading. The line now (2015) forms part of the 1570: 818: 785: 757:(sometimes spelled McGregor or M'Gregor) to a new post combining the roles of Chairman and Managing Director. He exercised absolute power over the company for the next nine years, until he was ultimately forced to resign in 1854 and leave the Board in 1855. Macgregor's lack of accountability, his opaque and at times dubious working methods led to a number of strategic errors in the building of new lines and in the company's relations with its neighbours, which would have an adverse impact on the company for decades to come. 1149:, together with local receipts to Dover and Folkestone. It then re-allocated them to a formula which gave the SER two-thirds of the receipts in 1863, gradually reducing to one half in 1872. The agreement appeared to unduly favour the LCDR, particularly after 1870. It did not prevent competition as the railways could claim additional funds from the pool if they carried more than their proportion of customers. Both companies sought to get round the agreement – the LCDR by establishing a Continental service from 57: 65: 1098:, extra platforms were needed to accommodate the service. The platforms were treated by the LB&SCR as a separate station, named "New Croydon", with its own ticket office, and ran exclusively LB&SCR services. This enabled the railway to offer cheaper fares from New Croydon to London than the SER which only had use of East Croydon station. The SER responded by gaining parliamentary approval to build its own 1819: 962:, was rejected by Parliament in 1847 due to financial considerations and never resurrected. One group of SER directors were anxious to 'close the capital account' and build no more lines, even though this might leave the field open to rival projects, as would later prove to be the case. As a result, there was no planned service to the north Kent towns to the east of the 927:

expansion by the SER. Under this agreement the LB&SCR, would share the line from Bulverhythe to Hastings and transfer to the SER its rights to build a line to Ashford but at the same time it retained the right to use the Bricklayers Arms branch and construct its own 15-acre (61,000 m) goods depot on the site for a rent of one shilling (£0.05) per year.

2163:. In the latter month the pool was also joined by the L&BR. However all three railways felt themselves disadvantaged by the arrangement and in October 1844 the SER gave notice six months notice of withdrawal, which was later extended until 31 January 1846. The existing locomotives and carriages, and those on order, were divided between the three companies. 895:

L&BR and L&CR to form the LB&SCR in July 1846 created a powerful rival to the SER in areas of east Sussex and east Surrey not yet connected to the railway. Relations between the two companies were bad from the outset, especially at those sites where they shared facilities, such as the approaches to London Bridge,

2056:

were missing on the viaduct. As the lead vehicles left the line, the impact on the remaining beams caused the cast iron girders below to fracture, and most of the following vehicles left the viaduct and ended up in the River Beult some 15 feet (4.6 m) below. The foreman was indicted and convicted of

2199:

which enabled locomotives to burn cheaper coal without smoke, but were considerably more expensive to build and maintain. Cudworth also provided several sound locomotive types for the railway, but resigned in 1876 after Sir Edward Watkin ordered 20 express locomotives against Cudworth's wishes, which

1458:

along this route in 1865, but its involvement had been opposed by the SER as being contrary to their agreement, and the scheme was abandoned during the 1867 financial crisis. However, following a revised agreement, the scheme was revived as a joint venture. Beyond Oxted the LB&SCR linked with its

1405:

branch line on 9 October 1874. The LCDR went bankrupt and was taken into administration 12 July 1866, and in 1867 the LB&SCR was also on the brink of bankruptcy. The directors and shareholders saw that constant quarrelling between the three companies had damaged their interests and began talks to

930:

The 1848/9 agreement did not prevent further squabbling between the two companies, notably with the opening of the railway from Ashford to Hastings in 1851. The LB&SCR had originally sought to build it and then had attempted to delay its completion by the SER. In retaliation, the SER attempted to

496:

During 1843, before the main line was complete, the SER and the L&CR became anxious about the charges imposed by the L&GR for the use of the terminus at London Bridge and its approaches. Parliament had relaxed restrictions on new railways into London and so SER sought authority to construct a

1027:

over the SER line into London: instead the SER reluctantly agreed to handle London traffic from the line. Many SER directors were convinced the line would never be built, or would go bankrupt, and so took no interest in the scheme or in suggestions that the line should amalgamate with their railway.

2236:

tender classes. However his determination to maintain standardisation meant that the introduction of larger locomotives was delayed too long and the SER locomotive fleet was underpowered by 1899. As a result, future SE&CR locomotive practice was based on developing LCDR rather than SER designs.

1523:

interests are sacrificed to Continental traffic.' Hamilton Ellis later described both the SER and the LCDR at this time as 'bywords of poverty stricken inefficiency and dirtiness'. In spite of these criticisms the shareholders stuck with their chairman, until they eventually realised that their own

1058:

A further serious strategic mistake was the refusal of the SER to accept the terms of the contract for the cross-channel carriage of mails in 1862, as this stipulated the use of Dover rather than Folkestone. This enabled the LCDR, which had only reached Dover in 1861, to secure the contract and the

1832:

During the early 1890s competition between the SER and the LCDR reached ruinous proportions with both companies offering nearly identical services to and from the same towns, which inevitably lost money for both companies. However, following the resignation of Watkin in 1894, relations between the

1006:

the company Secretary as 'not so much business as speech-making, that seemed to be the work of the Board.' It was during this period that there was a continuing failure to deal with underlying problems in the company, and its relationships with its neighbours together with further strategic errors

894:

During the first years, relations between the SER, L&CR and L&BR were cordial, with the companies pooling locomotives and forming a joint locomotive committee. However, all three considered they were disadvantaged by this arrangement and in 1845 gave notice of withdrawal. The merger of the

480:

station on 7 February 1844. This was originally a terminus, but in 1860 the line was continued to Admiralty Pier. Thereafter the SER concentrated most of its resources into developing Folkestone Harbour, which became its principal base for cross-channel ferries. The company had complete control of

2055:

and her mother at the front of the train in a first-class carriage, which escaped complete derailment when the locomotive and tender left the track as a result of repairs to the line. Timber baulks under the track were being replaced but the foreman mis-read the timetable, and two lengths of rail

1541:

Some of the complaints of unpunctuality of the SER may have been exaggerated, or were at least soon remedied after Watkin's departure, since a statistical survey of the company's services conducted in 1895 by William Acworth found that, with the exception of the heavily congested and difficult to

1410:

was presented to Parliament to allow for co-operative working of railways of southern England (the SER, the LCDR, the LB&SCR and the L&SWR). However this failed at a late stage when Parliament sought to limit the fares charged by the SER to those of the LB&SCR, and the SER withdrew. A

1790:

As mentioned above, the line from London Bridge to Charing Cross and Cannon Street was particularly congested and difficult to operate. During the early 1890s the SER was actively considering extending the Bricklayers Arms branch into Charing Cross and Cannon Street as a means of relieving this

1929:

One area where the SER did fail compared with the LB&SCR and the L&SWR was in developing effective services to the rapidly growing suburbs of south east London. This was probably due to an unwillingness to generate even more traffic through the very restricted entry pathway into London

1075:. The SER refused to allow the line to be leased to the LB&SCR, which in turn refused to re-open its station, delayed opening of the line for a year, and made the Caterham company bankrupt. The SER took over the line in 1859, but the LB&SCR made life difficult for passengers to London. 926:

Unsuccessful discussions took place regarding a merger of the two companies, but eventually an agreement on 10 July 1848 (ratified in Parliament in 1849) abolished tolls for using each other's lines and prevented further eastward expansion by the LB&SCR beyond Hastings and westward further

524:

of that railway. Thereafter further developments were at London Bridge, and following a shunting accident during August 1850 which caused the collapse of a large part of the station roof, the SER closed Bricklayers Arms terminus to passenger traffic in 1852 converting it into a goods facility.

1533:

the Company is now almost too weak to turn round and adopt a wise policy. It might become bankrupt in the process ; so the best thing to do is to leave it severely alone. Just as none travel by it who can find another route, so none should touch its common stocks who are free to do

2171:

The SER owned fifteen locomotives and had a further eleven on order at the formation of the 'London & Croydon and South Eastern Railways Joint Committee' in 1842. Ten locomotives were built by this committee, and a further 45 were either built or ordered by the enlarged

1528:

for June 1894 demonstrated how poorly Watkin's railways had performed financially compared to others, and referred to the SER's 'bitter hatred towards all but first-class travellers, their determined cultivation of the art of running empty coaches'. The article finished,

725:

and a single track railway had been added to form the Gravesend and Rochester Railway. The SER offered to buy the canal and railway in 1845, filled in the canal through the Higham to Strood tunnel and doubled the track. The first section (built by the SER) connected

931:

deny LB&SCR access to its station at Hastings. The matter was resolved in court in favour of the LB&SCR, but victory was short-lived as the following year the SER opened its lines from Tunbridge Wells, reducing the distance by rail to Hastings from London.

1934:

and London Bridge. The SER did however have the advantage of taking commuters far closer to the centres of business and commerce at Charing Cross and Cannon Street, whereas the LB&SCR and LS&WR deposited them south of the river Thames at London Bridge and

1518:

in London in 1883 demonstrated how unpopular the railway had become with its regular commuters. Ernest Foxwell, also writing in 1883, stated 'The great blots on the South Eastern are its unpunctuality, its fares, its third class carriages, and the way in which

377:

and Redhill. The SER gave way to this proposal as it reduced the construction costs, although it resulted in a route 20 miles (32 km) longer than by road, running south for 14.5 miles (23 km) and then turning east. It also meant that its trains from

1787:, in spite of public pressure in the 1880s. This line was eventually built as a private concern in 1895, and it was only after the original investors had gone bankrupt and Watkin had retired that the SER eventually agreed to incorporate it into its system. 1877:

Prior to 1862 the company carried international postal traffic. However, in 1862 they refused to renew the contract as it stipulated the Dover-Calais rather than the SER's preferred Folkestone-Boulogne route. As a result, the contract went to the LCDR.

1113:

Relations with the LB&SCR reached a low point in 1863, when the general manager and secretary had to report the history of relations between the companies since the agreement of 1848–9. This set out the history although from the SER perspective.

1886:. Prior to that most freight on the system had either been products imported through the Channel ports, or else locally developed freight, such as farm produce travelling to London. The principal freight depot on the system was at Bricklayers Arms. 1802:. The line as far as Chipstead and Kingswood were built by the Chipstead Valley Railway from 1893 and opened in 1897. The extension to Tattenham Corner was built by the Epsom Downs Extension Railway from 1894. Both companies were acquired by the 406:

by 7 February 1844. On the same day the SER offered to lease the L&BR for 21 years at £100,000 per year, but the offer was turned down. Later that year, the SER refunded to the L&BR £430,000 and took ownership of the southern half of the

1856:

The quality of service of the SE&CR and the level of public estimation of its two constituent railways increased considerably during the next thirty-five years. The SER was however abolished on 1 January 1923 under the terms of the

1758:

Unlike the neighbouring LB&SCR, the SER failed to capitalise on the rapidly growing population of the South London suburbs during the 1870s and 1880s, and to develop effective suburban services. In particular, the area between the

2207:

was appointed Chief Mechanical Engineer on 28 March 1878. He modernised the locomotive stock and was responsible for the building or acquisition of 401 locomotives. Stirling designed some good quality locomotive classes, notably his

1806:., but the line to Tattenham Corner was not completed until 1901, after the working agreement with the LCDR. This line was in the territory of the LB&SCR but provided the railway with access to a proportion of the lucrative 1791:

congestion, but deferred making any decision to do so and ultimately the idea was dropped following the operating agreement with the LCDR in 1899, which provided the new 'joint railway' with two further pathways into London.

4530: 1881:

It was not until after the formation of the SECR Management Committee in 1899 that the company began to take the development of its freight traffic seriously, with the ordering of a powerful new freight

1396:

on 10 May 1866 and the subsequent financial crisis during the following year. This had a severe effect on expansion plans of several railways. No new lines were built by the SER until the opening of the

1750:. The branch line only had a twenty-year life-span as the stations were less conveniently sited than the LCDR alternatives. The LCDR main line was however re-aligned after 1911 to use the newer bridge. 2082:

killed three passengers. This accident also involved the LB&SCR signalman and was later judged to be partly the result of signalling error and poor communication, as well as the SER driver.

1628:

During the 1870s and the 1880s the railway attempted to exploit the potential of the East Kent coast as both holiday destinations and potential new channel ports. Thus branches were built from

1947:

The SER served an area with a long coastline within easy travelling distance of London. During the 1860s the railway was an important factor in the development of holiday destinations such as

2155:

of the railway was pooled with that of its neighbour and operated by the 'London & Croydon and South Eastern Railways Joint Committee'. The locomotives were then under the supervision of

390:

Construction began in 1838 at several places simultaneously, and the Shakespeare Tunnel was complete by May 1841 . The L&BR line to Redhill opened on 12 July 1841 and the SER line from

29: 4523: 505:, 'the making of Bricklayers Arms station was a matter of compulsion in driving the Greenwich people to reasonable terms'. Plans to extend from Bricklayers Arms to a new SER terminus at 1047:(LCDR) in 1859 and completed its rival route to Dover on 22 July 1861. By July 1863 the LCDR had its own independent route to Victoria, and in 1864 its own terminus on the edge of the 233:

There had been proposals for a railway between London and Dover in 1825, 1832 and 1835, but they came to nothing due to opposition from landowners or the difficulties of bridging the

2188:

was not added to stock. Between 1846 and 1898 the SER built or purchased 775 locomotives. Of these, 459 were running on 31 December 1898 when they were handed over to the SE&CR.

2686: 4767: 4516: 2704: 2584: 1490:, the first phase of which opened on 7 July 1881. Authorisation for line was first obtained in 1864, but no progress had been made by 1876, when local inhabitants sponsored a 866:

In 1846 the SER supported the formation of the Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway, a scheme to build a line connecting the London to Brighton main line at Redhill with the

2176:. The SER received 67 of these existing locomotives at the dissolution of the latter committee in 1846. Having decided to withdraw from the locomotive pool, the SER appointed 2660: 1869:

Throughout its independent existence, the SER was primarily a passenger rather than a freight railway, with passenger receipts accounting for more than 72% of its revenues.

1842: 4704: 1514:

During the 1880s and 1890s the SER was accused of only caring about Continental travellers and of neglecting the interests of its other customers. A series of letters to

2602: 2432: 242: 2180:

as Locomotive Superintendent on 22 May 1845. Four locomotives were acquired from the 'Gravesend and Rochester Railway in 1847, seven from the L&GR in 1848, but the

1542:

operate lines between London Bridge and Cannon Street and Charing Cross, the company did not perform significantly worse than others in London in terms of timekeeping.

533:

Over the next two decades the SER system spread throughout Kent and Surrey, building lines to connect towns to its main line or acquiring those already in existence.

2620: 2566: 2530: 2512: 2348: 4834: 2548: 1414:

Watkin had long-term ambitions for the SER to become one link in a chain of 'Watkin' railways from the industrial north of England to the Continent via a proposed

453:

from 1839 to 1844. From 1844 on, he was master of three vessels which steamed from Dover and Folkestone to Boulogne, Calais and Ostend with passengers and cargo:

4839: 2494: 978:

were circuitous and other towns had no railway at all. As a result of the railway's unwillingness to act, plans for an independent line from the SER station at

291:(L&GR) at Greenwich. The former left London in the wrong direction and then on a roundabout route. The latter provided a useful way for a northern route via 2476: 382:

passed over the lines of three other companies: the L&GR to Corbett's Lane Junction, the L&CR as far as 'Jolly Sailor', and the L&BR to Merstham.

139:(LCDR) to the north-east. However, in 1899 the SER agreed with the LCDR to share operation of the two railways, work them as a single system (marketed as the 4610: 4336: 2366: 2110:. A ballast train had divided in a tunnel, and an express passenger train was allowed to enter due to an error by a signalman. Five platelayers were killed. 1971:

In May 1844 the SER organised the first of seven rail and ferry excursions that year from London to Boulogne which together carried more than 2,000 people.

1695:. However, there was by then already an LCDR line from Canterbury to Dover and so the new line did not attract much traffic. Likewise on 1 October 1892 the 346:. This was less direct than the northerly route but passed through easier country. It involved one significant 1,387-yard (1,268 m) tunnel through the 2726: 2392: 2117:

at the eastern end of Martello Tunnel brought down some 60,000 cubic yards (46,000 m) of chalk, killing three men. The line was closed for two months.

1286:

and Sevenoaks. The latter was the longest tunnel in southern England at 3,451 yards (3,156 m). This cut-off line, 24 miles (39 km) long, reached

2450: 2642: 2326: 4880: 4646: 2247: 2156: 1657: 545:, which had opened in 1830. This continued to be worked as an isolated line until the SER reached Canterbury from Ashford in 1846, with its line to 488:

In 1848 the SER served two steam ships a day between Folkestone and Boulogne, one a day between Dover and Calais, and one between Dover and Ostend.

4293: 276: 4860: 2015:

Borough Market Junction signal box, a South Eastern Railway Type design on display outside the station hall at the National Railway Museum, York.

1184:

In 1860 the LCDR had a more direct route to Dover than the SER, and both the company's rivals had access to a London terminus in the prosperous

1002:

Following Macgregor's resignation in 1854, there followed a decade of factionalism among the directors and equally poor management, described by

4875: 1381: 1007:

which weakened what might otherwise have been a profitable enterprise. One nickname for the SER in the 1860s was the Rattle and Smash Railway.

959: 666: 546: 373:

would be built by the L&BR but the SER would have the right to refund half the construction costs and own that part of the line between

4815: 1365: 2173: 1031:

In 1856 the EKR again unsuccessfully sought running powers over the SER into London, and then obtained powers to build its own route via

581:

Leasing the London and Greenwich Railway from 1 January 1845 gave the company control of its main line into London and provided a branch

143:) and pool receipts: but it was not a full amalgamation. The SER and LCDR remained separate companies until becoming constituents of the 1434:

One result of improved relations between the SER and the LB&SCR during the 1870s was that the two collaborated in construction of a

4890: 4098:

Foxwell, Ernest (September 1883). "English Express Trains: Their Average Speed, &c., with Notes on Gradients, Long Runs, &c".

3973: 2024:

The SER did not have a good safety record with a large number of both major and minor accidents throughout its independent existence.

1071:, which was built by an independent company in SER territory but connected to the railway network at the former LB&SCR station at 357:(L&BR) during 1837, pressure was put on the SER to divert its proposed route so it could also share the L&BR mainline between 1494:

their own bill, forcing the hand of the SER. In the event only the first phase (from Dunton Green to Westerham) was built, leaving a

4794: 1342: 919:

from the L&BR. Matters were further complicated in 1846 when the SER was empowered to build a line from its existing branch at

2039:. The locomotive and tender ran across the timber baulks to reach the far side, but the carriages were derailed and fell into the 4885: 4508: 132: 477: 4698: 4678: 1592: 1411:

further attempt to merge the SER and LCDR in 1875 failed when the latter withdrew after shareholders felt it favoured the SER.

830: 347: 197: 1204: 423:

In 1843, when the railway reached the edge of Folkestone, the company bought the silted and nearly derelict harbour, built by

4167: 4148: 4129: 3573: 670: 650: 946:

Between 1844 and 1858, the SER had a monopoly of rail transport in Kent, but served the north of the county poorly. The SER

4579: 1853:(SE&CR). This was not a true merger since each company kept its individual board of directors within the organisation. 4474: 1376:

This period of factionalism was eventually ended with the appointment of a new and able Chairman in March 1866. This was

943:, which ultimately led to the creation of an important rival in northern Kent and also for the Continental rail traffic. 1019:(EKR) from Strood to Canterbury, proposed in 1850 achieved parliamentary approval in 1853, and also for an extension to 1455: 1364:

and Liverpool Street from April 1880 until March 1884. From March to September 1884 the service ran from Addiscombe to

1262:

and Charing Cross, with interchange of traffic, but the scheme was abandoned as a result of the 1867 financial crisis.

470: 20: 4804: 4799: 4736: 4322: 4310: 4277: 4236: 4217: 4195: 2185: 1850: 1827: 1346: 1044: 542: 140: 136: 109: 1983:

to transport large numbers of working-class Londoners to towns and villages in Kent and East Sussex for the season.

4789: 4751: 4746: 4568: 2086: 1799: 1743: 1649: 1574: 1255: 1087: 1055:. For 36 years it would be an important competitor of the SER both for Continental and also local traffic in Kent. 879: 871: 822: 789: 514: 498: 412: 358: 331: 238: 179: 144: 485:

and the local town council, and the rail route from Boulogne to Paris was better developed than that from Calais.

192:

An Act for making a Railway from the London and Croydon Railway to Dover, to be called "The Southeastern Railway."

4870: 4683: 2761: 2011: 1936: 1747: 1692: 1688: 1653: 1464: 1158: 1083: 1040: 920: 622: 501:, for use by both railways, removing the need to use the Greenwich Railway. This opened 1 May 1844. According to 466: 1078:

The SER objected to the LB&SCR agreement with the East Kent Railway to provide access over its lines to its

509:, nearer the centre of London, were rejected by Parliament. Similarly, a revised proposal to extend the line to 279:

had said no further pathways would be permitted. The SER therefore considered routes to Dover from the proposed

2410: 2204: 2160: 1680:

in opposition to the existing LB&SCR service to the town.) However this line was not completed until 1902.

1620: 1460: 1161:

on the edge of Folkestone, which it claimed was not part of Folkestone, and from which it charged lower fares.

912: 742: 395: 280: 2120:

7 June 1884 – A double-headed freight train ran into the rear of another freight train at Tub's Hill station,

1251:, which opened 1 September 1866. These extensions were difficult to operate and were congested at peak times. 858: 2464: 2128:

signalman was charged with causing their deaths. The trains were being worked under the time interval system.

2125: 1439: 1248: 1228: 1208: 1193: 1173: 1103: 1036: 722: 379: 225: 4019:

The South Eastern Railway: its passenger services, rolling stock, locomotives, gradients, and express speeds

1738:

Probably the most wasteful competitive venture by the SER was a second bridge over the river Medway between

3664:"Accident Returns: Extract for the Accident at Reading on 12th September 1855 :: The Railways Archive" 2079: 1479: 1306: 1240: 1232: 1091: 1086:

station (see below), and also for handling that company's freight traffic at 'Willow Walk', (a part of the

1052: 1032: 896: 288: 105: 104:

and other places in Kent. The SER absorbed or leased other railways, some older than itself, including the

36: 4761: 3676: 3568:

Christian Wolmar, Fire and steam: a new history of the railways in Britain, London, Atlantic Books, 2007

2756: 2751: 1833:

two companies gradually improved under his successors Sir George Russell (1895) and, most notably, under

1784: 1780: 1393: 1220: 908: 590: 354: 4091:

Report of the General Manager and Secretary of the relations of the South Eastern and Brighton Companies

2191:

Under Cudworth the railway was the largest British user of the experimental and ultimately unsuccessful

1837:(1897). Bonsor managed to persuade the two boards of governors to see sense and from 1 January 1899 the 520:

The L&GR was nearly bankrupt in 1844 and the SER leased its line from 1 January 1845. It became the

4473: 2271: 2107: 2093: 1921:

and Continental passenger traffic at the expense of its local services in Kent and the London suburbs.

1803: 1772: 1361: 1130: 1107: 939:

Macgregor's greatest strategic mistake was his failure to address the concerns of the proposers of the

429: 319: 1294:

and Sevenoaks (2 March 1868). The new main line opened on 1 May 1868 when the line reached Tonbridge.

4688: 2253: 2177: 2121: 1673: 1487: 1468: 1059:

following year would give it leverage when it came to negotiating the Continental Traffic Agreement.

983: 710: 586: 391: 4865: 2139: 2132: 1723: 1641: 1629: 1503: 1472: 1302: 1142: 916: 731: 727: 706: 674: 642: 598: 131:

Much of the company's early history saw attempts at expansion and feuding with its neighbours; the

4538: 805:

Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway (Connection with London and South Western Railway) Act 1849

4468:

Parliamentary Archives, Book of Reference relating to Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway Bill

3735: 3721: 3689: 3640: 3460:

C. Hamilton Ellis, British Railway History, Vol.1. 1830–1876, George Allen and Unwin, 1954, p.41.

2100: 1587:

An Act for conferring further powers on the South Eastern Railway Company and for other purposes.

1360:

The line was principally used for freight across London but the SER introduced a service between

1146: 1095: 900: 678: 270: 121: 4467: 411:. Trains ran toll-free to both companies on this stretch but still had pay on the L&CR from 2196: 2096:

killed 11 people. An express train ran into the rear of a stationary train due to driver error.

2044: 1902: 1807: 1795: 1776: 1739: 1389: 1259: 1169: 1072: 979: 951: 714: 570: 442: 275:

At the time of inauguration there were two potential rail pathways south from London, and the

4398:

Statement of the projects of the South-Eastern Railway Company before Parliament, session 1847

2876: 1357:. Over the next four years it was converted to railway use and connected with existing lines. 1172:

from its line near Gravesend to a new port on the across the Medway from Queenborough, called

1125:. Following the dispute with the LB&SCR over New Croydon (see below) an extension of this 907:, and the LB&SCR had inherited plans for a line into mid-Kent from the L&CR, and from 4693: 4673: 4668: 4630: 4615: 4590: 4557: 4373: 3663: 1582: 1443: 1338: 1212: 1165: 867: 738: 618: 510: 427:

in 1809, for £18,000. The SER dredged the harbour and, after a trial with the paddle steamer

187: 49: 2883:. Vol. VI. London: Groombridge, Weale, Wiley, Putnam, Galignani. July 1843. p. 253 1157:, which was outside the scope of the agreement. Similarly, the SER built a local station at 1039:. The EKR secured running powers over the LB&SCR lines into Pimlico and, after 1860, to 4332: 3977: 3429:

Searle, MV (1983) Lost Lines: Anthology of Britain's Lost Railways, New Cavendish Books P43

3420:

Searle, MV (1983) Lost Lines: Anthology of Britain's Lost Railways, New Cavendish Books P42

2259: 2181: 1684: 1637: 1398: 1385: 1350: 1067:

A new and protracted dispute with the LB&SCR took place between 1855 and 1862 over the

971: 754: 690: 2151:

Between March 1842, shortly before the SER began to run its services, and March 1844, the

445:

company to provide a ferry to Boulogne. The following year it established the independent

8: 4482: 2192: 2000: 1491: 1475:. Authority for construction of these lines was granted in 1878 and they opened in 1884. 1423: 1407: 634: 4386: 4726: 4503: 4443: 4287: 3595: 1996: 1956: 1894: 1841:

was formed to oversee joint working, with Bonsor as its chairman. On 5 August 1899 the

1764: 1298: 1185: 558: 408: 303:, except that lengthening the line beyond Greenwich was blocked by opposition from the 125: 2306:. In 1854 the SER took over the South Eastern & Continental Steam Packet Company. 497:

branch from Corbett's Lane to a new temporary passenger terminus and goods station at

4640: 4620: 4498: 4449: 4342: 4318: 4273: 4232: 4213: 4191: 4163: 4144: 4125: 3569: 1858: 1224: 1122: 1016: 940: 737:

In 1852 a freight branch was constructed from this line at Charlton to the Thames at

686: 506: 482: 304: 284: 878:

was completed 4 July 1849, and in 1852 was absorbed by SER. Both the LB&SCR and

721:

on 30 July 1849. The second half between Gravesend and Strood had been built as the

4741: 3520: 2291: 1846: 1768: 1715: 1696: 1669: 1597: 1392:

in France. However his appointment was quickly followed by the collapse of bankers

1354: 1322: 889: 883: 875: 835: 654: 645:

on 1 February 1852. By this time Hastings had already been reached by the SER in a

638: 502: 362: 254: 202: 4493: 1767:

became well populated at this time, but the SER was reluctant to build a proposed

701:

As the SER was prevented from extending its Greenwich line, it opened a secondary

4756: 4731: 4635: 4625: 4439: 3641:"Accident at Bricklayers Arms on 11th December 1844 :: The Railways Archive" 3601: 2265: 2195:

type with twenty examples built between 1847 and 1851. He also patented a double-

2048: 1917:

As mentioned above, the SER was accused during the 1880s of concentrating on its

1909:

was not discovered until 1890 and only developed in the early twentieth century.

1760: 1645: 1633: 1154: 1126: 1099: 991: 947: 702: 682: 594: 370: 296: 292: 93: 1813: 4445:

The Railways of Great Britain and Ireland Practically Described and Illustrated

4082:

Bradshaw's Railway Manual, Shareholder's Guide, and Official Directory for 1867

3606: 3602:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" 1906: 1677: 1478:

As a part of the same scheme, the SER at last began to implement plans for the

1415: 1236: 1048: 1024: 741:, used for landing coal. A line opened on 18 June 1856 up the Medway valley to 646: 582: 521: 424: 315: 1901:

provided some minerals traffic, but again it was only after the foundation of

1714:

Similarly the company also obtained Parliamentary Powers to build a line from

1502:(then still under construction) were never completed due to opposition in the 68:

Railway lines in Kent, SER lines can be seen alongside LCDR, LBSCR, etc. lines

28: 4854: 4453: 2152: 1498:

rather than a through route. The remaining four miles (6 km) to the new

1377: 1326: 1219:

The SER converted part of London Bridge to through platforms and extended to

1068: 1003: 630: 626: 610: 339: 41: 4346: 1297:

Construction of the main line provided the opportunity to build an improved

449:, which it absorbed in 1853. James Broadbridge Monger was the master of the 350:

near Dover. This was the route first chosen by the SER at its inauguration.

322:(L&CR), which planned to use L&GR lines as far as Corbett's Lane in 4540: 2881:

The Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal – Scientific and Railway Gazette

2340: 2063:

Other significant accidents involving multiple fatalities were as follows:

2057: 2052: 1898: 1883: 1834: 1700: 1610: 1483: 1150: 963: 848: 562: 234: 215: 56: 4269: 4254: 4028:

Locomotive and train working in the latter part of the nineteenth century

2230: 2223: 2216: 2209: 2040: 2036: 1794:

One of the last branch lines to be incorporated into the SER was between

1727: 1495: 1402: 1334: 1287: 1279: 1141:

The SER and the LCDR agreed to pool Continental traffic receipts between

589:. Further eastward extension was not possible due to opposition from the 308: 2142:

due to incorrect use of signalling equipment, three persons were killed.

4486: 4416:

The London Brighton and South Coast Railway: 2 Establishment and growth

4353: 3722:"Accident at Chartham on 9th October 1894 :: The Railways Archive" 2283: 2032: 2028: 1980: 1918: 1499: 1435: 1419: 987: 975: 954:

into London had opened in 1849. A plan to continue this line as far as

399: 369:. Under the scheme proposed by Parliament, the railway from Croydon to 343: 323: 300: 101: 84:

from 1836 until 1922. The company was formed to construct a route from

4064:

The Locomotives of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway. Part I

3736:"Accident at St Johns on 21st March 1898 :: The Railways Archive" 3677:

http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/eventsummary.php?eventID=2209Accident

2051:

narrowly avoided severe injury, or even death. He was travelling with

653:, which opened 13 February 1851. From this line was a short branch to 4205: 2674: 1719: 1708: 1704: 1515: 1291: 1283: 1275: 1271: 1118: 614: 566: 394:

on 26 May 1842, when SER train services began. The main line reached

366: 335: 4407:

The London Brighton and South Coast Railway: 1 Origins and formation

3690:"Accident at Chilham on 30th June 1858 :: The Railways Archive" 2027:

One of the most notable accidents occurred on 9 June 1865, when the

1822:

A sketch map of the SER at the time of the creation of the SE&CR

1010: 2380: 2114: 1960: 1952: 1931: 1188:

while the SER only had its terminal on the south side of the river

904: 438: 434: 374: 97: 2303: 1999:

was installed throughout the SER by 1848. These were sold to the

1948: 1451: 1330: 1079: 967: 955: 415:

to Corbett's Lane Junction, and the L&GR into London Bridge.

327: 261:, which shortly afterwards changed to the South Eastern Railway. 81: 1418:. His plans for a Channel Tunnel were ultimately blocked by the 1321:

In 1865 the SER joined a consortium of six railways to form the

890:

Early relations with the London Brighton and South Coast Railway

593:, but it was eventually opened in 1878 when the line joined the 64: 4425:

A regional history of the railways of southern England: Vol. II

2634: 2299: 2295: 2072: 1890: 1849:

c. clxviii) was passed, which resulted in the formation of the

1310: 1244: 1231:

which opened on 11 January 1864. When the LCDR built a line to

1189: 1164:

Following establishment of a LCDR service from Queenborough to

718: 117: 85: 45: 3218:. No. 25282. London. 5 September 1865. col A, p. 10. 2003:

for £200,000 in 1870 (equivalent to £24,170,000 in 2023).

1062: 481:

Folkestone whereas at Dover it had to negotiate with both the

465:. In December 1848 it opened a steeply graded branch from the 353:

During parliamentary discussions on the proposed route of the

4395: 2384: 2287: 2233: 2226: 2219: 2212: 1843:

South Eastern and London, Chatham and Dover Railways Act 1899

1839:

South Eastern and Chatham Railways Joint Management Committee

1814:

South Eastern and Chatham Railways Joint Management Committee

1020: 403: 120:

and the London suburbs, with a long cross-country route from

89: 4717: 997: 748: 2067:

11 December 1844 the boiler explosion of locomotive No. 78

1986: 1199: 113: 2282:

The South Eastern Railway operated a number of ships from

1090:

goods facility). Further difficulties between occurred at

696: 1818: 1450:

in 1866 reduced services to and from the growing town of

760: 4659: 4494:

The South Eastern & Chatham Railway Society (SECSOC)

2423:

Sold in 1882 to Barrow Steam Navigation Co Ltd, renamed

2085:

12 September 1855 – a collision between two trains near

1660:(19 June 1884). (In 1897 the SER obtained powers in the 1524:

interests were suffering as well. A scathing article in

1265: 528: 4338:

Official Illustrated Guide to the South-Eastern Railway

4073:

The Locomotives of the London Chatham and Dover Railway

1506:

and the difficult terrain between Westerham and Oxted.

1136: 1121:

opened in 1857, becoming the temporary terminus of the

334:

could provide access to a southerly route to Dover via

264: 4448:(2nd ed.). London: John Weale. pp. 405–413. 3017: 3015: 1426:, chairman of the LCDR for having urged the decision. 536: 307:, and this route would involve tunnelling through the 4093:. McCorqudale & Co for the South Eastern Railway. 3407: 3405: 3029: 3027: 1211:

before it was built over with offices with the later

4835:

History of rail transport in Great Britain 1923–1947

3326: 3324: 1979:

By the 1870s, the South Eastern Railway was running

1545: 604: 447:

South Eastern & Continental Steam Packet Company

3626: 3624: 3469:"'Progress' on the South-Eastern Railway'" (1894), 3012: 3005: 3003: 2862: 2860: 2814: 2812: 1454:. The LB&SCR had supported a plan to build the 1290:on 1 July 1865, but took three more years to reach 1094:in 1862. With completion of the LB&SCR line to 660: 40:The South Eastern Railway's former headquarters in 4255:London Brighton & South Coast Railway (1867). 4037:The Board of Trade and the Kentish railway schemes 3402: 3024: 2922:Topham's railway time-table and guide (1848), p.7. 2918: 2916: 2135:due to an error by a crossing keeper killed seven. 1270:The SER therefore constructed the direct line via 903:. Also the SER had long wanted to build a line to 4003:. No. 23205. London. 29 May 1845. p. 7. 3321: 2103:due to a mechanical failure killed three persons. 2060:, and served 6 months hard labour for his crime. 1467:, while the SER joined its original main line to 1011:East Kent and London Chatham & Dover Railways 4852: 4331: 4176: 3621: 3521:"Epsom Downs Branch – Early History (1865–1928)" 3390:London Brighton & South Coast Railway (1867) 3000: 2857: 2809: 2124:. Both crew of the first train were killed. the 2071:caused a bridge collapse near Bricklayers Arms, 1905:in 1900 that this was developed. Similarly, the 1371: 1179: 418: 385: 21:Southeast (disambiguation) § Rail transport 4264:McRae, Burnham S.G., C.P.; et al. (1973). 2913: 2405:Sold in 1903 to British Central Africa Co Ltd. 2200:subsequently proved to have been unsuccessful. 772:Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway Act 1846 681:on 1 December 1846. A further branch from this 4315:A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers 4300: 4034: 1429: 1382:Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway 934: 4601: 4524: 4088: 3518: 2240: 665:During 1846 the SER opened another secondary 621:opened 20 September 1845. It was extended to 60:Railways in the South East of England in 1840 4292:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4177:Heap, Christine; van Riemdijk, John (1980). 4100:Journal of the Statistical Society of London 4075:. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society. 4066:. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society. 4057:. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society. 4055:The Locomotives of the South Eastern Railway 3588: 3349:"Railway And Other Companies, East London". 2977:Bell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 1337:on the south. The other partners were: the 491: 4368:. The Railway Publishing Company Ltd. 1912. 3207: 2174:Brighton, Croydon and Dover Joint Committee 2006: 1924: 1063:Continued bad relations with the LB&SCR 4840:List of companies involved in the grouping 4531: 4517: 1509: 1254:On 16 August 1866 the SER agreed with the 1168:in 1876, the SER was allowed to build the 874:, and agreed to operate its services. The 557:The first branch built by the SER was the 4388:The autobiography of Samuel Smiles, LL. D 4248:The South Eastern Railway and the S.E.C.R 3992: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3598:inflation figures are based on data from 2717:Sold in 1863 to a Belgian owner, renamed 2035:ran onto a partly dismantled bridge near 1966: 1636:, (opened 9 October 1874); from Dover to 998:Factionalism and bad management 1854–1866 749:Early management of the company 1843–1855 625:on 25 November 1846. By 1 September 1851 150: 80:) was a railway company in south-eastern 4881:Railway companies disestablished in 1923 4780: 4309: 4257:Report of the Committee of Investigation 4141:The South Eastern & Chatham Railways 4079: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 2877:"A trip to Boulogne and back in one day" 2010: 1987:Communications, signalling and accidents 1817: 1672:c. ccxxvii) to build a branch line from 1343:London, Brighton and South Coast Railway 1203: 1200:Charing Cross and Cannon Street Stations 990:were made following a public meeting at 330:. A new connection on this line near to 63: 55: 35: 27: 4438: 4317:. Newton Abbot: David and Charles Ltd. 4185: 4157: 4113:The London, Chatham & Dover Railway 4097: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4016: 1683:On 4 July 1887 the railway opened the 697:Gravesend and Strood Lines (North Kent) 541:In 1844 the SER took over the bankrupt 513:in 1846 was rejected by a committee of 133:London Brighton and South Coast Railway 112:. Most of the company's routes were in 4861:Pre-grouping British railway companies 4853: 4413: 4404: 4396:South-Eastern Railway Company (1847). 4384: 4245: 4226: 4089:Eborall, C.W.; Smiles, Samuel (1863). 4025: 1316: 761:Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway 4876:Railway companies established in 1836 4512: 4422: 4372: 4358:The South Eastern and Chatham Railway 4263: 4204: 4190:. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. 3841: 3599: 3087:Heap & van Riemdijk (1980), p.70. 1991: 1912: 1621:Text of statute as originally enacted 1406:merge or to work together. In 1868 a 1388:, as well as being a director of the 1333:on the north bank of the Thames with 1266:Orpington cut-off & Dartford Loop 1176:. The line opened in September 1882. 859:Text of statute as originally enacted 552: 529:Secondary main lines and branch lines 398:on 1 December 1842; the outskirts of 237:near its mouth. On 21 June 1836, the 226:Text of statute as originally enacted 4378:History of the South Eastern Railway 4352: 4303:History of the Southern Railway: v.1 4250:. South Godstone: The Oakwood Press. 4138: 4119: 4110: 4043: 3442:, 20 Sep 25 Sep, and 8 October 1883. 2699:Acquired in 1854, scrapped in 1881. 2655:Acquired in 1854, scrapped in 1886. 2615:Acquired in 1854, scrapped in 1881. 2597:Acquired in 1854, scrapped in 1884. 2507:Acquired in 1854, scrapped in 1881. 2166: 2106:16 December 1864 – a collision near 1733: 1137:Continental Traffic Agreement (1863) 1082:station and later the jointly owned 753:In September 1845 the SER appointed 265:Choice of route from London to Dover 92:. Branch lines were later opened to 16:British pre-grouping railway company 4080:Bradshaw, George & Co. (1867). 3411:Heap and van Riemdijk (1980), p.72. 1872: 1648:, which opened 15 June 1881); from 1538:Watkin retired shortly afterwards. 537:Canterbury & Whitstable Railway 13: 4795:London, Brighton & South Coast 4504:The London & Greenwich Railway 4432: 3802:Bradley (1963), pp. 43, and 44–53. 2131:9 October 1894 – a collision near 1942: 1486:on its new main line to Oxted via 1456:Surrey and Sussex Junction Railway 14: 4902: 4891:1923 disestablishments in England 4805:South Eastern and Chatham Railway 4800:London, Chatham and Dover Railway 4461: 4231:. Southborough: The Baton Press. 2186:Canterbury and Whitstable Railway 2099:30 June 1858 – a derailment near 1864: 1851:South Eastern and Chatham Railway 1828:South Eastern and Chatham Railway 1753: 1546:Later branches and proposed lines 1347:London, Chatham and Dover Railway 1045:London, Chatham and Dover Railway 1023:in 1855, but it failed to secure 605:Tunbridge Wells and Hastings Line 576: 543:Canterbury and Whitstable Railway 433:, which also demonstrated that a 141:South Eastern and Chatham Railway 137:London, Chatham and Dover Railway 110:Canterbury and Whitstable Railway 32:The South Eastern Railway's crest 4499:The London & Croydon Railway 4391:. New York: E.P.Dutton & Co. 4380:. London: Railway Press Co. Ltd. 3999:"Launch of an Iron Steam-ship". 3976:. The Ships List. Archived from 3832: 3823: 3814: 3805: 2146: 1800:Tattenham Corner railway station 1575:Parliament of the United Kingdom 1568: 1378:Edward (later Sir Edward) Watkin 1313:. This opened 1 September 1866. 1256:London and North Western Railway 880:London and South Western Railway 823:Parliament of the United Kingdom 816: 790:Parliament of the United Kingdom 783: 661:Ramsgate, Margate and Deal Lines 499:Bricklayers Arms railway station 413:Norwood Junction railway station 239:Parliament of the United Kingdom 180:Parliament of the United Kingdom 173: 4046:Railways of the Southern Region 3974:"South Eastern Railway Company" 3796: 3787: 3778: 3769: 3760: 3751: 3742: 3728: 3714: 3705: 3696: 3682: 3670: 3656: 3647: 3633: 3579: 3562: 3553: 3544: 3535: 3512: 3503: 3494: 3485: 3476: 3463: 3454: 3445: 3432: 3423: 3414: 3393: 3384: 3375: 3366: 3357: 3342: 3339:Bradshaw (1867), Appendix p.17. 3333: 3312: 3303: 3294: 3285: 3276: 3267: 3258: 3249: 3240: 3231: 3222: 3198: 3189: 3180: 3171: 3162: 3153: 3144: 3135: 3126: 3117: 3108: 3099: 3090: 3081: 3072: 3063: 3054: 3045: 3036: 2991: 2982: 2970: 2961: 2952: 2943: 2934: 2925: 2904: 2895: 2869: 2762:Rail transport in Great Britain 1282:by summits and long tunnels at 365:, and then travel eastwards to 277:Speaker of the House of Commons 259:South Eastern and Dover Railway 4886:1836 establishments in England 4580:London, Midland & Scottish 4366:The Railway Year Book for 1912 4341:, London: W.H. Smith and Son, 4186:Hewison, Christian H. (1983). 4158:Greaves, John Neville (2008). 2848: 2839: 2830: 2821: 2800: 2791: 2782: 2773: 2078:21 August 1854 a collision at 1974: 1664:South Eastern Railway Act 1897 1557:South Eastern Railway Act 1897 1442:on the main Brighton line and 1258:to build a joint line between 1239:in 1865, the SER built a new 1110:), which opened 1 April 1864. 314:The engineer of the new line, 281:London and Southampton Railway 249:South Eastern Railway Act 1836 162:South Eastern Railway Act 1836 1: 4301:Dendy Marshall, C.F. (1963). 4179:Pre-grouping railways. Part 2 2958:South Eastern Railway (1847). 2767: 2138:21 March 1898 – Collision at 1380:who was also chairman of the 1372:Chairmanship of Edward Watkin 1249:Cannon Street railway station 1180:Improvements to the main line 1106:to a new station at Croydon ( 1037:Bromley South railway station 723:Gravesend and Rochester Canal 441:was feasible, arranged for a 419:Folkestone and Dover harbours 386:Construction of the main line 326:before turning south towards 257:. c. lxxv) incorporating the 4414:Turner, J.T. Howard (1978). 4405:Turner, J.T. Howard (1977). 4188:Locomotive Boiler Explosions 4160:Sir Edward Watkin, 1819-1901 3702:Nock (1961), pp. 85, 154–55. 3473:, XIV. June 1894, pp. 343–9. 2940:Dendy Marshall (1963) p. 32. 2080:East Croydon railway station 2019: 1233:Ludgate Hill railway station 1092:East Croydon railway station 1033:St Mary Cray railway station 677:with a branch from there to 561:on 24 September 1844, from 289:London and Greenwich Railway 135:(LBSCR) in the west and the 106:London and Greenwich Railway 7: 4737:Glasgow & South Western 4266:The Rural Landscape of Kent 4212:. Redruth: Atlantic Books. 3679:at Lewisham on 28 June 1857 2745: 1707:was opened and extended to 1430:Oxted & Westerham Lines 1394:Overend, Gurney and Company 1278:. It involved crossing the 935:Closing the capital account 355:London and Brighton Railway 318:, was also engineer of the 10: 4907: 4790:London & South Western 4752:London & North Western 4747:Lancashire & Yorkshire 4569:London & North Eastern 4010: 3282:Eborall and Smiles (1863). 2931:Turner (1977) pp. 192–204. 2633:Sold in 1874 to Wilhelms, 2241:Locomotive superintendents 2203:After a brief interregnum 2047:killed ten passengers and 1825: 1746:(opened July 1891) and to 1550:United Kingdom legislation 1325:, which used the existing 1117:A branch from Lewisham to 960:Ashford to Canterbury Line 798:United Kingdom legislation 765:United Kingdom legislation 320:London and Croydon Railway 268: 155:United Kingdom legislation 18: 4827: 4779: 4716: 4658: 4600: 4548: 4543:British railway companies 4229:Down the line to Hastings 4210:Trains in Trouble: Vol. 3 4122:The South Eastern Railway 4017:Acworth, William (1895). 3757:Bradley (1963), pp. 7–13. 3363:Greaves (2008), pp.104–5. 3273:Turner (1978), pp. 240–1. 3060:Greaves (2008), pp.103–4. 1674:Crowhurst railway station 1619: 1609: 1604: 1591: 1581: 1567: 1562: 1555: 966:. Likewise SER routes to 909:Bulverhythe (St Leonards) 857: 847: 842: 829: 815: 810: 803: 782: 777: 770: 492:Bricklayers Arms terminus 224: 214: 209: 196: 186: 172: 167: 160: 4427:. London: Phoenix House. 4400:. South Eastern Railway. 3748:Bradley (1969), pp.26–8. 3653:Hewison (1983) pp.27–28. 3438:'Letters to the Editor' 3255:Bradley (1979), pp. 4–6. 3237:Smiles (1905), pp.235–6. 3186:Smiles (1905), pp.233–4. 3042:Bradshaw (1867), p. 306. 2277: 2182:only original locomotive 2140:St Johns railway station 2007:Signals and signal boxes 1925:London suburban services 1771:, including stations at 1446:. The completion of the 1422:, and suspicion fell on 1028:They were proved wrong. 958:where it would join the 734:to the railway network. 693:was opened 7 July 1847. 569:. This was continued to 478:Dover (later Dover Town) 4684:Great North of Scotland 4385:Smiles, Samuel (1905). 4048:. Patrick Stephens Ltd. 4044:Body, Geoffrey (1984). 4035:Board of Trade (1845). 3838:Marshall (1978), p.206. 3784:Baxter (1977). pp.67–8. 3600:Clark, Gregory (2017). 3246:White (1961), pp.39–40. 3150:Turner (1978) pp.29–34. 2967:Turner (1977), pp.201–3 2788:Bradshaw (1867), p.305. 2379:Sold in 1899 to Scott, 2101:Chilham railway station 1742:leading to a branch to 1510:Unpopularity of the SER 1247:and a city terminus at 623:Tunbridge Wells Central 287:, or from the existing 271:South Eastern Main Line 4871:Rail transport in Kent 4227:Jewell, Brian (1984). 4162:. The Book Guild Ltd. 4071:Bradley, D.L. (1979). 4062:Bradley, D.L. (1969). 4053:Bradley, D.L. (1963). 3829:Bradley (1961), p.119. 3820:Marshall (1978), p.62. 3793:Bradley (1963), p.120. 3519:Adrian Wymann (2007). 3451:Foxwell (1883), p.530. 3021:Bradley (1963) pp.2–3. 2988:White (1961), pp.16–8. 2949:Board of Trade (1845). 2806:White (1961), pp.26–7. 2254:James I'Anson Cudworth 2222:tank classes, and his 2045:Staplehurst rail crash 2016: 1967:Continental excursions 1903:Blue Circle Industries 1893:industry based around 1823: 1808:Epsom Downs Racecourse 1676:to its own station at 1390:Chemins de fer du Nord 1260:Euston railway station 1216: 1170:Hundred of Hoo Railway 571:Strood railway station 359:Jolly Sailor (Norwood) 151:Origins of the company 69: 61: 53: 33: 4810:South Eastern Railway 4246:Kidner, R.W. (1953). 4139:Gray, Adrian (1995). 4120:Gray, Adrian (1990). 4115:. Meresborough Books. 4111:Gray, Adrian (1985). 4026:Ahrons, E.L. (1953). 3550:Nock (1961), pp.56–7. 3300:Nock (1961), pp.57–8. 3168:Turner (1978), p.222. 3141:Turner (1977), p.222. 3132:Turner (1977), p.278. 3033:Bradley (1963), p.37. 2854:Turner (1977), p.171. 2845:Turner (1977), p.185. 2779:Sekon (1895), pp.2–3. 2688:Queen of the Belgians 2463:Sold in 1863, became 2075:and killed two staff. 2014: 1981:Hop Pickers' Specials 1821: 1804:South Eastern Railway 1711:on 4 September 1893. 1646:jointly with the LCDR 1339:Great Eastern Railway 1207: 1166:Flushing, Netherlands 1043:. The EKR became the 868:Great Western Railway 402:by 28 June 1843; and 74:South Eastern Railway 67: 59: 50:London Bridge station 39: 31: 4476:March 1843 Timetable 4423:White, H.P. (1961). 4030:. Cambridge: Heffer. 3811:Nock (1987), pp.7–8. 3559:Bradley (1980), p.8. 3491:White (1961), p. 36. 3471:The Investors Review 3330:Bradley (1963), p.3. 3309:White (1961), p.47-9 3291:Bradley (1963) p. 3. 3228:Nock (1961), p.46-7. 3123:Turner (1978), p.31. 3114:Bradley (1963), p.7. 3078:White (1961), p.127. 2910:Body (1989), pp.96–7 2901:Bradley, (1963), p.2 2827:White (1961), pp.28. 2818:Bradley (1963), p.2. 2412:Duchess of Edinburgh 2260:Alfred Mellor Watkin 1526:The Investors Review 1471:Tunbridge Wells and 1386:Metropolitan Railway 1351:Metropolitan Railway 1133:was opened in 1864. 1131:Addiscombe (Croydon) 1069:Caterham branch line 717:on the banks of the 633:and was extended to 617:to the outskirts of 409:Croydon-Redhill line 392:Redhill to Tonbridge 19:For other uses, see 4762:North Staffordshire 4689:Hull & Barnsley 4539:The "Big Four" pre- 4418:. London: Batsford. 4409:. London: Batsford. 4143:. Middleton Press. 4124:. Middleton Press. 4021:. Cassell & Co. 3775:Baxter (1977) p.67. 3766:Baxter (1977) p.69. 3630:Sekon (1895), p.19. 3585:Sekon (1895), p.30. 3541:Sekon (1895), p.27. 3509:White (1961), p.64. 3500:Sekon (1895), p.36. 3381:Turner (1978) p.262 3353:. 2 September 1869. 3318:Sekon (1893), p.26. 3159:Sekon (1895), p.13. 3105:Kidner (1953), p.9. 3096:White (1961), p.39. 2997:Bradley (1963) p.2. 2836:White (1961), p.30. 2706:Queen of the French 2586:Princess Clementine 2339:Wrecked in 1893 at 2193:Crampton locomotive 2094:Lewisham rail crash 2092:28 June 1857 – the 2001:General Post Office 1656:(1 April 1883) and 1632:near Folkestone to 1424:James Staats Forbes 1323:East London Railway 1317:East London Railway 870:(GWR) main line at 147:on 1 January 1923. 3596:Retail Price Index 3264:White (1961), p.57 3195:Nock (1961), p.45. 3177:White (1961) p.38. 3069:Nock (1961), p.20. 3051:Gray (1990), p.21. 3009:Bradley (1963) p.2 2866:White (1961), p.55 2797:Sekon (1895), p.3. 2739:Scrapped in 1895. 2561:Scrapped in 1890. 2525:Scrapped in 1899. 2489:Scrapped in 1903. 2017: 1997:Electric telegraph 1992:Electric telegraph 1957:St Leonards-on-Sea 1913:Passenger services 1824: 1765:Dartford Loop Line 1634:Hythe and Sandgate 1368:Whitechapel Road. 1345:(LB&SCR), the 1217: 1215:initials retained. 1186:West End of London 739:Angerstein's Wharf 591:Greenwich Hospital 559:Medway Valley Line 553:Medway Valley Line 467:Folkestone station 126:Reading, Berkshire 70: 62: 54: 34: 4848: 4847: 4483:Bradshaw's Guides 4169:978-1-85776-888-6 4150:978-1-901706-08-6 4131:978-0-906520-85-7 4039:. Board of Trade. 3711:Hoole (1982), p7. 3574:978-1-84354-629-0 3214:"Country Races". 2743: 2742: 2662:Princess of Wales 2579:Scrapped in 1886 2543:Scrapped in 1900 2445:Scrapped in 1904 2167:Steam locomotives 2113:January 1877 – a 1859:Railways Act 1921 1847:62 & 63 Vict. 1734:Chatham extension 1685:Elham Valley Line 1670:60 & 61 Vict. 1626: 1625: 1598:60 & 61 Vict. 1563:Act of Parliament 1448:Orpington cut-off 1225:Hungerford Bridge 1123:East Kent Railway 1017:East Kent Railway 941:East Kent Railway 864: 863: 836:12 & 13 Vict. 811:Act of Parliament 796: 795: 778:Act of Parliament 573:on 18 June 1856. 507:Hungerford Bridge 348:Shakespeare Cliff 255:6 & 7 Will. 4 231: 230: 203:6 & 7 Will. 4 168:Act of Parliament 4898: 4782: 4719: 4661: 4603: 4593: 4588: 4582: 4577: 4571: 4566: 4560: 4555: 4533: 4526: 4519: 4510: 4509: 4490: 4480: 4457: 4440:Whishaw, Francis 4428: 4419: 4410: 4401: 4392: 4381: 4369: 4361: 4360:. Ian Allan Ltd. 4349: 4333:George S. Measom 4328: 4306: 4305:. Ian Allan Ltd. 4297: 4291: 4283: 4260: 4251: 4242: 4223: 4201: 4182: 4173: 4154: 4135: 4116: 4107: 4094: 4085: 4076: 4067: 4058: 4049: 4040: 4031: 4022: 4005: 4004: 4001:The Morning Post 3996: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3970: 3839: 3836: 3830: 3827: 3821: 3818: 3812: 3809: 3803: 3800: 3794: 3791: 3785: 3782: 3776: 3773: 3767: 3764: 3758: 3755: 3749: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3718: 3712: 3709: 3703: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3660: 3654: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3592: 3586: 3583: 3577: 3566: 3560: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3542: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3516: 3510: 3507: 3501: 3498: 3492: 3489: 3483: 3480: 3474: 3467: 3461: 3458: 3452: 3449: 3443: 3436: 3430: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3412: 3409: 3400: 3399:White (1961), 49 3397: 3391: 3388: 3382: 3379: 3373: 3372:White (1961), 48 3370: 3364: 3361: 3355: 3354: 3346: 3340: 3337: 3331: 3328: 3319: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3301: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3283: 3280: 3274: 3271: 3265: 3262: 3256: 3253: 3247: 3244: 3238: 3235: 3229: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3211: 3205: 3204:Nock (1961), 48. 3202: 3196: 3193: 3187: 3184: 3178: 3175: 3169: 3166: 3160: 3157: 3151: 3148: 3142: 3139: 3133: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3115: 3112: 3106: 3103: 3097: 3094: 3088: 3085: 3079: 3076: 3070: 3067: 3061: 3058: 3052: 3049: 3043: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3022: 3019: 3010: 3007: 2998: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2980: 2979:(25 August 1850) 2974: 2968: 2965: 2959: 2956: 2950: 2947: 2941: 2938: 2932: 2929: 2923: 2920: 2911: 2908: 2902: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2873: 2867: 2864: 2855: 2852: 2846: 2843: 2837: 2834: 2828: 2825: 2819: 2816: 2807: 2804: 2798: 2795: 2789: 2786: 2780: 2777: 2673:Sold in 1910 to 2467:blockade runner 2309: 2308: 1963:in East Sussex. 1873:Freight services 1769:Bexleyheath Line 1697:Hawkhurst Branch 1666: 1665: 1572: 1571: 1558: 1553: 1552: 1504:House of Commons 1355:District Railway 1227:to a station at 1096:Victoria station 1088:Bricklayers Arms 1041:Victoria Station 884:North Downs Line 820: 819: 806: 801: 800: 787: 786: 773: 768: 767: 647:roundabout route 522:Greenwich branch 503:Charles Vignoles 363:Earlswood Common 251: 250: 177: 176: 163: 158: 157: 145:Southern Railway 4906: 4905: 4901: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4896: 4895: 4866:History of Kent 4851: 4850: 4849: 4844: 4823: 4775: 4712: 4654: 4611:Alexandra Docks 4596: 4586: 4585: 4575: 4574: 4564: 4563: 4553: 4552: 4544: 4541:nationalisation 4537: 4472: 4464: 4435: 4433:Further reading 4364: 4325: 4285: 4284: 4280: 4239: 4220: 4198: 4170: 4151: 4132: 4013: 4008: 3998: 3997: 3993: 3983: 3981: 3980:on 16 June 2012 3972: 3971: 3842: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3815: 3810: 3806: 3801: 3797: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3779: 3774: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3747: 3743: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3720: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3697: 3688: 3687: 3683: 3675: 3671: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3652: 3648: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3580: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3536: 3526: 3524: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3486: 3482:Acworth (1895). 3481: 3477: 3468: 3464: 3459: 3455: 3450: 3446: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3403: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3376: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3259: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3223: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3181: 3176: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3104: 3100: 3095: 3091: 3086: 3082: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3064: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3025: 3020: 3013: 3008: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2983: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2914: 2909: 2905: 2900: 2896: 2886: 2884: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2858: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2810: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2792: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2748: 2604:Princess Helena 2434:Duchess of York 2361:Scrapped 1899. 2280: 2266:Richard Mansell 2248:Benjamin Cubitt 2243: 2169: 2161:New Cross Depot 2157:Benjamin Cubitt 2149: 2087:Reading station 2049:Charles Dickens 2022: 2009: 1994: 1989: 1977: 1969: 1945: 1943:Holiday traffic 1927: 1915: 1875: 1867: 1830: 1816: 1761:North Kent Line 1756: 1736: 1689:Canterbury West 1663: 1662: 1577: 1569: 1556: 1551: 1548: 1512: 1465:Tunbridge Wells 1432: 1374: 1319: 1268: 1202: 1182: 1155:Isle of Sheppey 1139: 1108:Addiscombe Road 1065: 1013: 1000: 937: 921:Tunbridge Wells 892: 825: 817: 804: 799: 792: 784: 771: 766: 763: 755:James Macgregor 751: 699: 663: 639:Bopeep Junction 619:Tunbridge Wells 607: 595:North Kent Line 579: 555: 539: 531: 494: 476:The SER opened 459:Princess Helena 437:from London to 421: 388: 273: 267: 248: 247: 182: 174: 161: 156: 153: 94:Tunbridge Wells 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4904: 4894: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4821: 4820: 4819: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4786: 4784: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4773: 4772: 4771: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4723: 4721: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4710: 4709: 4708: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4679:Great Northern 4676: 4671: 4665: 4663: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4652: 4651: 4650: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4607: 4605: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4583: 4572: 4561: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4536: 4535: 4528: 4521: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4470: 4463: 4462:External links 4460: 4459: 4458: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4429: 4420: 4411: 4402: 4393: 4382: 4370: 4362: 4350: 4329: 4323: 4311:Marshall, John 4307: 4298: 4278: 4261: 4252: 4243: 4237: 4224: 4218: 4202: 4196: 4183: 4174: 4168: 4155: 4149: 4136: 4130: 4117: 4108: 4095: 4086: 4077: 4068: 4059: 4050: 4041: 4032: 4023: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4006: 3991: 3840: 3831: 3822: 3813: 3804: 3795: 3786: 3777: 3768: 3759: 3750: 3741: 3727: 3713: 3704: 3695: 3681: 3669: 3655: 3646: 3632: 3620: 3607:MeasuringWorth 3587: 3578: 3561: 3552: 3543: 3534: 3511: 3502: 3493: 3484: 3475: 3462: 3453: 3444: 3431: 3422: 3413: 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1025:running powers 1012: 1009: 999: 996: 936: 933: 891: 888: 862: 861: 855: 854: 851: 845: 844: 840: 839: 833: 827: 826: 821: 813: 812: 808: 807: 797: 794: 793: 788: 780: 779: 775: 774: 764: 762: 759: 750: 747: 743:Maidstone West 698: 695: 662: 659: 606: 603: 578: 577:Greenwich Line 575: 554: 551: 538: 535: 530: 527: 493: 490: 463:Princess Maude 425:Thomas Telford 420: 417: 387: 384: 316:William Cubitt 269:Main article: 266: 263: 229: 228: 222: 221: 218: 212: 211: 207: 206: 200: 194: 193: 190: 184: 183: 178: 170: 169: 165: 164: 154: 152: 149: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4903: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4826: 4818: 4817: 4813: 4812: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4778: 4770: 4769: 4765: 4764: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4715: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4701: 4700: 4699:North Eastern 4697: 4695: 4694:North British 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4674:Great Eastern 4672: 4670: 4669:Great Central 4667: 4666: 4664: 4657: 4649: 4648: 4644: 4643: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4631:Great Western 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4599: 4592: 4584: 4581: 4573: 4570: 4562: 4559: 4558:Great Western 4551: 4550: 4547: 4542: 4534: 4529: 4527: 4522: 4520: 4515: 4514: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4477: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4465: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4446: 4441: 4437: 4436: 4426: 4421: 4417: 4412: 4408: 4403: 4399: 4394: 4390: 4389: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4339: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4324:0-7153-7489-3 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4295: 4289: 4281: 4279:0-900947-37-3 4275: 4271: 4267: 4262: 4259:. LB&SCR. 4258: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4240: 4238:0-85936-223-X 4234: 4230: 4225: 4221: 4219:0-906899-05-2 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4197:0-7153-8305-1 4193: 4189: 4184: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4152: 4146: 4142: 4137: 4133: 4127: 4123: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4106:(3): 517–574. 4105: 4101: 4096: 4092: 4087: 4084:. W.J. Adams. 4083: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4065: 4060: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4042: 4038: 4033: 4029: 4024: 4020: 4015: 4014: 4002: 3995: 3979: 3975: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3835: 3826: 3817: 3808: 3799: 3790: 3781: 3772: 3763: 3754: 3745: 3737: 3731: 3723: 3717: 3708: 3699: 3691: 3685: 3678: 3673: 3665: 3659: 3650: 3642: 3636: 3627: 3625: 3609: 3608: 3603: 3597: 3591: 3582: 3575: 3571: 3565: 3556: 3547: 3538: 3523:. Wymann.info 3522: 3515: 3506: 3497: 3488: 3479: 3472: 3466: 3457: 3448: 3441: 3435: 3426: 3417: 3408: 3406: 3396: 3387: 3378: 3369: 3360: 3352: 3345: 3336: 3327: 3325: 3315: 3306: 3297: 3288: 3279: 3270: 3261: 3252: 3243: 3234: 3225: 3217: 3210: 3201: 3192: 3183: 3174: 3165: 3156: 3147: 3138: 3129: 3120: 3111: 3102: 3093: 3084: 3075: 3066: 3057: 3048: 3039: 3030: 3028: 3018: 3016: 3006: 3004: 2994: 2985: 2978: 2973: 2964: 2955: 2946: 2937: 2928: 2919: 2917: 2907: 2898: 2882: 2878: 2872: 2863: 2861: 2851: 2842: 2833: 2824: 2815: 2813: 2803: 2794: 2785: 2776: 2772: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2729: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2707: 2703: 2702: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2645: 2644:Princess Maud 2641: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2623: 2622:Princess Mary 2619: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2600: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2587: 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H.M.S.O. 2768:References 2677:, renamed 2478:Folkestone 2425:Manx Queen 2284:Folkestone 2108:Blackheath 2033:Folkestone 2029:boat train 1895:Swanscombe 1773:Blackheath 1658:New Romney 1600:c. ccxxvii 1583:Long title 1534:otherwise. 1500:Oxted Line 1420:War Office 1362:Addiscombe 1353:, and the 988:Canterbury 976:Canterbury 515:Parliament 400:Folkestone 344:Folkestone 324:Bermondsey 301:Canterbury 188:Long title 116:, eastern 102:Canterbury 4816:Full list 4768:Full list 4705:Full list 4647:Full list 4641:Taff Vale 4454:833076248 4288:cite book 3984:5 January 3440:The Times 3351:The Times 3216:The Times 2675:Argentina 2368:Alexandra 2315:Launched 2122:Sevenoaks 2069:Forrester 2020:Accidents 1810:traffic. 1744:Rochester 1720:Maidstone 1716:Appledore 1709:Hawkhurst 1705:Hope Mill 1654:Dungeness 1650:Appledore 1516:The Times 1488:Westerham 1469:Tonbridge 1459:lines to 1366:St Mary's 1292:Orpington 1284:Knockholt 1276:Tonbridge 1272:Sevenoaks 1243:over the 1119:Beckenham 994:in 1850. 992:Rochester 984:Faversham 838:c. xxviii 711:Gravesend 703:main line 667:main line 615:Tonbridge 611:main line 587:Greenwich 567:Maidstone 483:Admiralty 367:Tonbridge 336:Tonbridge 305:Admiralty 297:Rochester 293:Gravesend 285:Wimbledon 243:local act 241:passed a 205:. c. lxxv 4831:See also 4742:Highland 4621:Cambrian 4591:Southern 4442:(1842). 4376:(1895). 4356:(1961). 4347:25963337 4335:(1853), 4313:(1978). 4208:(1982). 3527:18 April 2746:See also 2728:Victoria 2469:Cornubia 2394:Boulogne 2381:Calcutta 2292:Boulogne 2133:Chartham 2115:landslip 1961:Hastings 1953:Ramsgate 1937:Waterloo 1932:Deptford 1930:between 1897:and the 1726:and the 1724:Headcorn 1642:Sandwich 1630:Sandling 1593:Citation 1473:Hastings 1438:between 1399:Sandling 1384:and the 1303:Dartford 1143:Hastings 1084:Victoria 917:Hastings 905:Brighton 876:new line 831:Citation 732:Dartford 728:Woolwich 707:Lewisham 675:Ramsgate 643:Hastings 627:the line 599:Charlton 547:Ramsgate 439:Boulogne 375:Merstham 283:line at 198:Citation 108:and the 98:Hastings 4757:Midland 4732:Furness 4636:Rhymney 4626:Cardiff 4011:Sources 2452:Eugenie 2304:Belgium 2197:firebox 1949:Margate 1748:Chatham 1452:Croydon 1331:Wapping 1235:in the 1223:, over 1153:on the 1147:Margate 1080:Pimlico 968:Margate 956:Chilham 913:Ashford 901:Redhill 872:Reading 687:Minster 679:Margate 671:Ashford 651:Ashford 471:harbour 469:to the 396:Ashford 371:Redhill 340:Ashford 332:Norwood 328:Croydon 122:Redhill 82:England 48:, near 4589: 4587: 4578: 4576: 4567: 4565: 4556: 4554: 4478: 4452: 4345: 4321: 4276: 4235: 4216: 4194: 4166: 4147: 4128: 3572: 2719:Saphir 2670:1,009 2635:London 2321:Notes 2300:Ostend 2296:France 2215:, and 2073:Surrey 2043:. 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