Soumaya Keynes - Knowledge

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tenure promotions. Women are published less often than men, it's argued this is in part due to women going into fields of economics that would be less familiar to the editors of major papers (who are usually men) and therefore less likely to be published. Furthermore, when women are published they face a higher bar than men. Co-authoring a paper leads to an 8% increase in a man's likelihood of promotion, whereas only a 2% increase for a woman. This is partially because the names of authors on economics papers appear in alphabetical order, rather than in order of workload. Another barrier to tenure for women in economics is student evaluations. Student evaluations have been shown to discriminate against women, leading to greater difficulty in achieving tenure.

199: 207: 507:. They found the Liberal-Democrats to be the most transparent party and determined their plan would lead to net borrowing dropping by 3.9% of national income until 2018, at which point it would reach 1.1% of national income. When factoring in anti-avoidance measures they would have a £12 billion tax rise. The SNP would have borrowing drop by 3.9% until 2020, ultimately reaching 1.4% of national income that year. The SNP's plan would be revenue neutral on its taxation, and has factored in anti-avoidance measures. 496:

then they would freeze the government's unprotected departments and balance the budget by 2019. Based on Labour's plan and these assumptions they determined a Labour government would have borrowing fall by 3.6% from 2015 to 2019, ultimately reaching 1.4% of national income in 2019. They determined debt would rise in 2016–2017 and labour would have a £6 billion tax rise, that increases to £12 billion when anti-avoidance measures are factored in.

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means there is not a representative sample. She argues that the gap between male and female economists, which is currently growing, must shrink in order to solve this issue. Keynes states this won't be easy, economics has an image problem, seen as a mostly male field. Furthermore, women won't feel they belong until more women are in economic faculty positions, but this can't happen until more women join economics; both must precede the other.

531:, she has given a TED Talk and a talk at Yale University about the issue, and, most notably, wrote a special in the 2017 Economist's Christmas Specials publication titled Women in Economics - Inefficient Equilibrium. The piece focuses on the disparity between men and women in the field of research economics and why this matters for the profession. The article was influential in encouraging other economists to examine the issue. 439:

greater for those who took time out of the workforce to care for children or disabled adults. The biggest winners of the new pension system would be those who spent an extended amount of time away from the workforce, those who did low paying work, and those who were self-employed for an extended period. Low income earners in the bottom quintile would see an average rise in weekly pension income of £3.97.

305:, economic analyses of health variations in the UK and US, and a variety of other topics. Throughout her research papers she aimed to tell a story, moving from previous literature into how her work will either change what was previously thought, or expand upon what was previously thought. Her final report with the Institute for Fiscal Studies was published on May 22, 2015. 335:. Her latest work has mostly focused on the United States Trade War under the Trump Administration. Recently she has covered the impacts of trade disputes such as the need for firms to reduce investments, its effect on consumers, the risks to the World Trade Organization, and the changes to America's relationship with countries around the world. 473:

would be. Overall the researchers faced difficulties in trying to determine the true intentions of the parties, as not all were forthcoming with their full spending and borrowing plans. Ultimately the researchers had to estimate multiple pieces of parties' plans in order to determine the real numbers

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she has expressed multiple personal opinions on the material she covers. She has repeatedly stated that she feels Trump is damaging the economy through acting in an unpredictable manner. Keynes supports a rules based system for international trade, through bodies like the World Trade Organization, to

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for both her undergraduate and master's degrees. She completed a Bachelor of Arts in Economics in 2010 (1st Class) and a MPhil Economics in 2011. She completed her MPhil with distinction. It was during her time at the University of Cambridge that she learned of, and decided to join, the Institute for

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When the conservative party won the 2015 general election this research proved valuable for others who sought to examine the impacts of their plans over the course of the coming years. Allowed for research after the election to focus on the personal allowance for income tax, the UK's retirement age,

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had, like the conservative party, released limited information on how much public borrowing they intended to carry out as government. This meant the researchers were forced to make a few key assumptions. They assumed labour would maintain the current government spending plan in place until 2016, and

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Another finding was that the system, while incurring losses for future pensioners in the United Kingdom, did have reason to cut back. The ageing population will lead to increased spending on pensions over the next 50 years, with public pension expenses rising as a percentage of national income from

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in 2015, which stated that 70% of men and 75% of women would benefit from the single-tier pension. The paper found, significantly, that only 17% of those closest to retirement would actually receive a pension in the single tier entitlement. Some 23% of earners would receive pensions worth more than

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Keynes argues that this is an issue as men and women approach economics differently, so losing one half means that economics cannot operate as well as it should. She highlights that women are more open to programs involving income redistribution than men, meaning that only having men as economists

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are closer to gender parity. The issue begins with less women going into economics at the undergraduate level, and women being more skeptical of economics when they do enter the field. There are 2.9 men for every woman in undergraduate economics programs worldwide. Furthermore, women are much more

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The report also found that in the long run significantly more losers than winners. Those previously claiming the second state pension would receive less. The largest losers, however, would be young people and high income earners. A high-income earner working for 35 years would lose up to £2,300 in

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radio podcast Money Talks multiple times. Much of her work on the podcast is in the same areas as her writing, focused on trade and the Donald Trump presidency. She has also done episodes in a similar vein to her previous work with the Institute for Fiscal Studies, examining the impact of economic

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The issue continues when women are working to achieve tenure positions at universities. Women are promoted to tenure at a much lower rate than men, 29% compared to 56%. This occurs for a variety of reasons. Women need to publish more papers than their male counterparts to have the same chance at

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between 2014 and 2019. A surplus of 0.2% of national income would arise in the final year, 2019. They, also, determined that the conservative plan would result in slightly less than a £4 billion tax cut in the UK, when they factor in anti-avoidance measures a net tax increase of £1 billion would

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Working alongside Rowena Crawford and Gemma Tetlow, Keynes investigated the impact of the newest reforms to the UK pension system in 2013. The big change was a shift from the multi-tier pension system to the single-tier pension system, creating a simpler flat-rate. The pension would pay only one

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By comparing people's income under the previous system to their income under the new system, the paper found that in the short run there would be some winners. Women reaching pension age in the first four years of the new system being implemented would receive greater benefit. This advantage is

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Keynes co-hosts the podcast Trade Talks with Chad Bown, an economist at The Peterson Institute for International Economics. The podcast began in 2017 and covers the intricacies of international trade policy from the perspective of two economists. They have covered topics such as the Trump

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of recent papers in economics. Her first article with the column, Public Debt - How Much is Too Much, was published June 3, 2015. She was promoted to US economics and trade editor in June 2018, and in 2019 became the trade and globalization editor at The Economist.

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had not stated what level of public borrowing they were aiming to achieve, but they had outlined specific plans for public spending. The researchers were able to determine that if a Conservative government was elected the public spending would fall by 5.2% of

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Keynes joined the Institute for Fiscal Studies in 2012. During her work at the institute for Fiscal Studies she frequently published research with Carl Emmerson, Rowena Crawford, and Gemma Tetlow. Her work with the Institute covered economic reforms to the

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Much of Keynes' work at the Institute for Fiscal Studies revolved around current political affairs. She published research alongside fellow Institute for Fiscal Studies researchers Rowena Crawford, Carl Emmerson, and Gemma Tetlow in the lead up to the

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While there would be short-term winners, the changes ultimately lead those soon reaching retirement age to have mixed results, with 35% of men receiving gains and 61% of women. These findings differed dramatically from the numbers published by the

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amount, £144, per week, meaning that high income earners, who contribute more, would get the same pension as low income earners. The paper analyzed both the short and long-run impacts of this change as well as the winners and losers of the change.

270:, a British economist who had a large impact on macroeconomic theory and policy. Keynes herself says it is partially because of this relationship that she initially avoided macro-economics in her studies, focusing instead on microeconomics. 448:

the single tier amount while 61% would receive pensions less than the single-tier amount. Keynes stated that despite the system not being entirely a single payout it would allow for greater ease in predicting future pension payments.

469:. The research examined the fiscal spending and borrowing plans of each of the United Kingdom's major political parties. They projected, for the course of the next government's term, what net borrowing and net spending of 562:

Keynes married in 2018, and also used to sing as a soprano with the 18th Street Singers. In January 2023 she announced on Twitter that she and husband Patrick Allies had welcomed their first child, a son Casper Allies.

1487: 2867:"Some parental news… late on Friday, Caspar Cecil Keynes-Allies arrived. He and his quite extraordinary mum are now safely at home. Looking forward to starting my embarrassing dad era" 456:

5.4% in 2012 to 9.1% in 2062 if the current two-tiered system were maintained. Switching to the one-tier system would reduce the long-run spending to 8.4% of national income in 2062.

1720:"The Brookings Institution's Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy holds a book discussion on "Open: The Progressive Case for Free Trade, Immigration and Global Capital."". 319:

in June 2015 after receiving an email from the magazine's economics editor asking her to apply for the position. She began by writing the Free Exchange column, which provides a

365:. She has hosted and chaired events, such as the 2019 World Trade Symposium in New York, and participated as a panel member for a variety of panels. She is a Poynter fellow at 2396: 1871: 1845: 1819: 1375: 1695: 369:, where she has talked on Trump's trade policy. Additionally, she's given multiple interviews both about her work and her transition from research to journalism. 2545: 2163: 2115: 2087: 1725: 1515: 534:

Keynes highlights that only 20% of European, and 15% of American, senior economists are female. This trend is unique to economics, most other disciplines in the

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pension under the new system, compared to the old system. A low-income earner planning to work for a further 35 years would experience losses of £1,000.

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Blundell, R.; French, E.; Tetlow, G. (1 January 2016), Piggott, John; Woodland, Alan (eds.), "Chapter 8 - Retirement Incentives and Labor Supply",

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likely to drop out than their male counterparts along the path to a tenure track position. A male student that earns a B in their first

2935: 2925: 920: 978: 1922: 358:, is not restricted to solely their events and publications. She has written for a variety of newspapers and magazines, such as 159:

s Money Talks podcast, and co-founded and co-hosted Trade Talks, a podcast covering economic trade, from 2017-2021. Her work at

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2454: 2247: 1554: 1072: 2744: 1426: 1350: 466: 383: 1587: 527:, and why there are so few of them. She has done multiple podcasts on the topic, including a three-part special for the 266:, making Keynes a great-great-great-granddaughter of Baha'u'llah. On her paternal side, she is the great-great-niece of 2910: 2312:

Crawford, Rowena, Carl Emmerson, Soumaya Keynes, and Gemma Tetlow. "Post-election austerity: Parties’ plans compared."

2000: 948: 2905: 1024: 1453: 685: 444: 227:(born September 5, 1991), is a political adviser and former actor. Soumaya Keynes also worked as a child actress. 2493: 486:

occur. Furthermore, they found the Conservatives would rapidly raise the retirement age after getting elected.

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After Keynes published her work in 2017, further research published in 2019 backed up what she had reported.

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ancestry on this side of her family. Her maternal grandmother, Furugh Afnan, was the great-granddaughter of

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Innes, David; Tetlow, Gemma (2015). "Delivering Fiscal Squeeze by Cutting Local Government Spending".

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O'Grady, Sarah. "Millions of young workers will lose up to £2,300 a year with new flat-rate pension".

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Bryan, Kevin A. (20 February 2019). "Young "stars" in Economics: What They do and Where They Go".

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Disney, Richard (1 August 2016). "Pension Reform in the United Kingdom: An Economic Perspective".

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Soumaya Keynes was born in Britain on 1 August 1989, to Zelfa Hourani and conservationist

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Keynes has, throughout her years as an economist and especially throughout her time at

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Paterson, Jennifer. "Most retirees would receive less than the single-tier pension".

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Nardi, Mariacristina De; French, Eric; Jones, John Bailey; McCauley, Jeremy (2016).

129:(born 1 August 1989) is a British journalist and current economics columnist at the 2806: 2577:

Why Are There So Few Women In Economics? | Soumaya Keynes | TEDxCambridgeUniversity

2508: 2411: 2370: 2366: 2210: 2192: 2037: 1949:"Trade Talks 107: Bombed Embassies and Document Leaks – How China Got into the WTO" 1351:"U.S. Consumers Concerned About Trade War Impacts As Tensions With China Intensify" 1221: 1171: 1139: 1127: 1123: 1012: 56: 2415: 1696:"U.S.-China Trade War Could Structurally Alter Supply Chains, MUFG's Chafetz Says" 784: 1259: 1016: 924: 759: 406: 391: 366: 235: 231: 131: 1176: 1167: 1225: 893:"Soumaya Keynes on Trade, Dollar Dominance, and the Highlights of Jackson Hole" 844: 535: 331:. Her early work had a wide scope and covered a variety of topics, such as the 255: 247: 243: 224: 192: 142:, she started hosting a new podcast for them in May 2024, on economic matters. 89: 2631:"Soumaya Keynes, Women in Economics | Poorvu Center for Teaching and Learning" 2575: 2197: 1738: 1404: 1088: 1039: 405:, and various universities, newspapers, and research bodies. Examples include 2884: 2818: 2722: 2609: 2520: 2464: 2423: 2378: 2257: 2206: 2042: 2033: 1599: 1566: 1465: 1325: 1233: 1135: 853: 332: 220: 151: 100: 79: 2676: 2494:"Devolution in Wales: Between Economic Constraint and Political Opportunity" 2240:

Divisive integration : the triumph of failed ideas in Europe, revisited

582:"it's my 30th birthday tomorrow which is fine because there will be no news" 2224: 2129: 1285: 1153: 975:"The Institute For Fiscal Studies - IFS staff: Soumaya Keynes Publications" 952: 2840: 2512: 2158:

Selby, Tom. "Who are the winners and losers in state pension shake-up?".

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Sandilands, Roger, and Fred Harrison. "Black Holes & Pots of Gold."

2810: 2130:"Welcome simplification of state pensions but younger generations lose" 410: 398: 1820:"China's love of US chicken feet proves a recipe for a perfect trade" 1454:"On the Map podcast with Josie Pagani: Episode 1 - Trade or Tragedy?" 239: 2128:

Crawford, Rowena; Keynes, Soumaya; Tetlow, Gemma (14 January 2013).

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Crawford, Rowena; Keynes, Soumaya; Tetlow, Gemma (11 July 2013).

1975:"Myth-busting: Why 3-D printing might actually be good for trade" 1740:

The Economist's Soumaya Keynes on "Confusing" Economic Indicators

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Network Governance and the Differentiated Polity: Selected Essays

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author Cecil Hourani, an advisor to the late Tunisian president

171:. Her career in economic research began as a policy adviser for 149:, she worked for eight years as the Britain economics editor at 2677:"BBC Radio 4 - One to One, Soumaya Keynes meets Claudia Goldin" 387: 180: 949:"The Institute For Fiscal Studies - IFS staff: Soumaya Keynes" 716:

Avenue, Tobin Lounge See map 28 Hillhouse (5 September 2019).

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Goering, John; Whitehead, Christine M. E. (2 November 2017).

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class is much less likely to drop out than a female student.

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For us all : redesigning social security, for the 2020s

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Keynes has worked on multiple projects during her time with

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resolve any discrepancies and disputes between countries.

1488:"Trump is Waging a Trade War in the Dumbest Way Possible" 1427:"The trade war is leading some firms to crimp investment" 528: 1109: 397:

The podcast frequently features notable guests from the

238:. The Hourani family were immigrants to Manchester from 511:

and the effect of reduced spending on public services.

1647:"If Tariffs Not Solution, How to Increase U.S. Jobs?" 2127: 2031: 1530:"How The Economist is using Facebook for live audio" 1002: 2181:"Active Ageing, Pensions and Retirement in the UK" 2034:"A single-tier pension: what does it really mean?" 2882: 2394: 998: 996: 499:Their research also covered the policies of the 460:Post-election Austerity: Parties' Plans Compared 2001:"A different US-China fight hits the headlines" 424: 419:World Trade Institute at the University of Bern 291: 242:in southern Lebanon. Cecil's two brothers were 202:Soumaya Keynes at the WTO Public Forum 2019 Day 138:In addition to her work as a columnist for the 2444: 1923:"Trade Talks 108: Making Services Trade Great" 1555:"Delayed tariffication—Donald Trump holds off" 911: 430:Single-Tier Pension: What Does it Really Mean? 1005:Handbook of the Economics of Population Aging 993: 722:Office of Public Affairs & Communications 579: 515:Women and Economics - Inefficient Equilibrium 1674:"Does Britain have a new government—or not?" 16:British journalist and economist (born 1989) 2356: 741:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 474:that would be used by the next government. 2501:Revue internationale de politique comparée 2477:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2449:. Fabian Society (Great Britain). London. 2314:Institute for Fiscal Studies Briefing Note 2238:Lehndorff, Steffen, editor. (April 2014). 1588:"Hell to peso—Argentina's currency crisis" 230:On her maternal side, her grandfather was 210:Soumaya at the WTO Public Forum 2019 Day 1 2283:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2214: 2196: 2041: 1846:"EU trade sacrifices substance for speed" 1175: 1143: 890: 2491: 1793:"PBS NewsHour full episode June 4, 2018" 1527: 837: 629:"The Economics Show with Soumaya Keynes" 378:Administration's legal battles with the 214: 205: 197: 2742: 2671: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2021: 1895: 1872:"Prepare for Nafta, the zombie edition" 1843: 1485: 1348: 1286:"IFS public finance bulletin: May 2015" 886: 884: 882: 880: 878: 876: 874: 872: 870: 2883: 2864: 2792: 2790: 2770:"Episode 910: Economics, Sexism, Data" 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2390: 2388: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2178: 2174: 2172: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2078: 2076: 2074: 1869: 1817: 1787: 1785: 1758: 1756: 1619: 1451: 1399: 1397: 1344: 1342: 1308: 1306: 1283: 1253: 1251: 1211: 1060: 943: 941: 939: 937: 891:Beckworth, David (16 September 2019). 715: 652: 650: 372: 246:, a historian of the Middle East, and 2901:Alumni of the University of Cambridge 2796: 833: 831: 711: 709: 707: 680: 678: 2551: 2018: 1896:Comment, F. P. (21 September 2018). 1112:"Medical Spending of the US Elderly" 1090:Options for the 2015 Spending Review 981:from the original on 4 December 2013 867: 754: 752: 718:"Poynter Fellowship: Soumaya Keynes" 467:2015 United Kingdom General Election 2865:Allies, Patrick (24 January 2023). 2787: 2694: 2648: 2385: 2343: 2319: 2291: 2169: 2147: 2093: 2071: 1844:Beattie, Alan (25 September 2017). 1782: 1753: 1639: 1620:Fuhrig, Frank (18 September 2019). 1580: 1547: 1521: 1479: 1445: 1419: 1394: 1368: 1339: 1303: 1248: 934: 647: 384:North American Free Trade Agreement 354:Keynes' work, during her time with 13: 2931:English people of Lebanese descent 1528:Southern, Lucinda (8 March 2017). 1486:Rampell, Catherine (7 June 2018). 1452:Pagani, Josie (2 September 2019). 1257: 1214:National Institute Economic Review 931:, 2008-07-31, retrieved 2011-07-18 838:Anderson, Jon Lee (24 July 2006). 828: 808: 704: 675: 604:"Soumaya Keynes | Financial Times" 478:David Cameron's conservative party 14: 2947: 2936:English people of Turkish descent 2926:English people of Iranian descent 2745:"Positive surprises from UK data" 951:. 2 December 2013. Archived from 749: 2743:Jackson, Gavin (24 March 2019). 1870:Donnan, Shawn (3 October 2017). 1693: 1671: 1376:"Reuters WeekAhead/Columbus Day" 557: 445:Department for Work and Pensions 308: 2858: 2833: 2762: 2736: 2623: 2598:"A #MeToo moment for economics" 2590: 2535: 2485: 2438: 2231: 2121: 1993: 1967: 1941: 1915: 1889: 1863: 1837: 1818:Hornby, Lucy (14 August 2017). 1811: 1731: 1714: 1687: 1665: 1613: 1505: 1284:Keynes, Soumaya (22 May 2015). 1277: 1205: 1160: 1103: 1081: 1054: 1032: 967: 918:SKANDAR KEYNES – Personal Facts 580:@soumayakeynes (31 July 2019). 303:UK Government's fiscal policies 183:. Afterward, she worked at the 2371:10.1111/j.1475-5890.2015.12056 2179:Foster, Liam (18 March 2017). 1260:"From economist to journalist" 1128:10.1111/j.1475-5890.2016.12106 802: 789:Center for Automotive Research 777: 621: 596: 573: 1: 2916:Civil servants in HM Treasury 2548:. Accessed November 23, 2019. 2445:Harrop, Andrew (April 2018). 2416:10.1080/10511482.2017.1321568 2166:. Accessed November 24, 2019. 2118:. Accessed November 24, 2019. 2090:. Accessed November 23, 2019. 1728:. Accessed November 23, 2019. 1518:. Accessed November 22, 2019. 566: 501:Scottish National Party (SNP) 2185:Journal of Population Ageing 1017:10.1016/bs.hespa.2016.10.001 425:Select scholarship and works 292:Institute for Fiscal Studies 273: 185:Institute for Fiscal Studies 7: 1406:Ms. Soumaya Keynes 08-16-19 1349:Shapiro, Ari (7 May 2019). 1177:10.14217/9781848591226-6-en 1067:. Oxford University Press. 343:research on public policy. 10: 2952: 1226:10.1177/002795011623700111 1011:, North-Holland: 457–566, 899:(Podcast). Mercatus Center 280:Trinity College, Cambridge 167:and the trade policies of 53:Trinity College, Cambridge 2911:British women journalists 2198:10.1007/s12062-017-9181-7 1061:Rhodes, R. A. W. (2017). 286: 169:Donald Trump's presidency 110: 96: 85: 75: 67: 48: 30: 23: 2906:British women economists 2114:July 11, 2013 Thursday. 2086:July 11, 2013 Thursday. 2043:10.1920/re.ifs.2013.0082 403:World Trade Organization 380:World Trade Organization 155:magazine. She co-hosted 71:Journalist, podcast host 1722:The Washington Daybook, 1314:"How much is too much?" 1041:The state (of) pensions 923:9 November 2015 at the 223:. Her younger brother, 2492:Stafford, Ian (2016). 2059:Cite journal requires 1458:The New Zealand Herald 1193:Cite journal requires 211: 203: 175:in London, looking at 173:Her Majesty's Treasury 105:Darwin–Wedgwood family 2711:"Women and economics" 2635:poorvucenter.yale.edu 2513:10.3917/ripc.233.0401 2404:Housing Policy Debate 1514:May 31, 2019 Friday. 1170:. 15 September 2011. 415:Peter Van den Bossche 346:During her work with 215:Early life and family 209: 201: 2921:The Economist people 2717:. 19 December 2017. 2544:May 3, 2019 Friday. 1594:. 3 September 2019. 764:World Economic Forum 386:, and the impact of 2845:18th Street Singers 977:. 4 December 2013. 692:. 17 September 2019 373:Trade Talks Podcast 338:Keynes has been on 268:John Maynard Keynes 163:was focused on the 145:Before joining the 127:Soumaya Anne Keynes 2811:10.1111/ecin.12762 2276:has generic name ( 2112:Employee Benefits, 1981:. 18 November 2019 1724:February 1, 2019. 1700:www.prnewswire.com 1561:. 13 August 2019. 955:on 2 December 2013 929:Skandar-keynes.com 525:women in economics 299:UK's state pension 212: 204: 2604:. 19 March 2019. 2542:NPR Planet Money, 2456:978-0-7163-4128-4 2249:978-2-87452-332-8 1955:. 24 October 2019 1929:. 1 November 2019 1512:NPR Planet Money, 1258:Keynes, Soumaya. 1074:978-0-19-878610-8 840:"Change of Plans" 809:Keynes, Soumaya. 635:. Financial Times 505:Liberal-Democrats 321:literature review 262:, founder of the 124: 123: 2943: 2875: 2874: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2837: 2831: 2830: 2805:(3): 1392–1407. 2799:Economic Inquiry 2794: 2785: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2707: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2673: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2594: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2572: 2549: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2498: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2476: 2468: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2401: 2392: 2383: 2382: 2354: 2341: 2334: 2317: 2310: 2289: 2288: 2281: 2275: 2271: 2269: 2261: 2235: 2229: 2228: 2218: 2200: 2176: 2167: 2160:Money Marketing, 2156: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2125: 2119: 2108: 2091: 2080: 2069: 2068: 2062: 2057: 2055: 2047: 2045: 2029: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2011: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1979:World Bank Blogs 1971: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1945: 1939: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1893: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1841: 1835: 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