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Sotiates

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of these men is that in life they enjoy all benefits with the comrades to whose friendship they have committed themselves, while if any violent fate befalls their fellows, they either endure the same misfortune along with them or take their own lives; and no one yet in the memory of man has been found to refuse death, after the slaughter of the comrade to whose friendship he had devoted himself. With these men Adiatunnus tried to make a sortie; but a shout was raised on that side of the entrenchment, the troops ran to arms, and a sharp engagement was fought there. Adiatunnus was driven back into the town; but, for all that, he begged and obtained from Crassus the same terms of surrender as at first.
656:, p. 37: "Nos seules certitudes concernent le peuple des Sotiates qui vit, combat, bat monnaie et s’administre comme un peuple gaulois. Comme les Gaulois, il a donc un oppidum, un site fortifié utilisé en cas d’attaque, que l’on situe dans la région de Sos, en Lot-et-Garonne. Si nous ajoutons à ces faits troublants que ce peuple se bat seul contre Crassus sous les ordres de son roi Adiatuanos, alors que tous les autres peuples aquitains forment une coalition, nous pouvons émettre l’hypothèse qu’il pourrait s’agir de Gaulois installés aux marches de l’Aquitaine." 1268: 20: 78: 297:
Their request was granted, and they proceeded to deliver up their arms as ordered. Then, while the attention of all our troops was engaged upon that business, Adiatunnus, the commander-in-chief, took action from another quarter of the town with six hundred devotees, whom they call vassals. The rule
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The enemy at one time attempted a sortie, at another pushed mines as far as the ramp and the mantlets—and in mining the Aquitani are by far the most experienced of men, because in many localities among them there are copper-mines and diggings. When they perceived that by reason of the efficiency of
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then marched his army into the borders of the Sotiates. Hearing of his approach, the Sotiates collected a large force, with cavalry, in which lay their chief strength, and attacked our column on the march. First of all they engaged in a cavalry combat; then, when their cavalry were beaten, and ours
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The battle was long and fierce. The Sotiates, with the confidence of previous victories, felt that upon their own courage depended the safety of all Aquitania: the Romans were eager to have it seen what they could accomplish under a young leader without the commander-in-chief and the rest of the
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legions. At last, however, after heavy casualties the enemy fled from the field. A large number of them were slain; and then Crassus turned direct from his march and began to attack the stronghold of the Sotiates. When they offered a brave resistance he brought up mantlets and towers.
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pursued, they suddenly unmasked their infantry force, which they had posted in ambush in a valley. The infantry attacked our scattered horsemen and renewed the fight.
445: 1824: 2314: 196: 2397: 2422: 1161: 1859: 1854: 425:('debt'). In any case, the soldurii of Adiatuanos were probably involved in a patron-client relationship that has been compared to the Gallic 2329: 2319: 1126: 367: 2455: 2407: 2379: 2354: 2334: 2091: 1953: 1774: 1121: 1086: 1041: 330: 270: 200: 2417: 2364: 2299: 1524: 1156: 1141: 1131: 1061: 192: 294:
our troops no advantage was to be gained by these expedients, they sent deputies to Crassus and besought him to accept their surrender.
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notes that the province of Aquitania experienced "a profound Gallic influence, which becomes more evident as one moves away from the
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northwards and eastwards. Evidence of this penetration are the names of Gallic persons and deities, the names of tribes in
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Beyneix, Alain; Couhade, Cynthia (1996). "Une sépulture à armement de type celtique à Sos-en-Albret (Lot-et-Garonne)".
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Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World
842: 624: 325:, which led some scholars to postulate that they were originally a Gallic people that had settled at the frontier of 429:, and the size of his army (600 men) illustrates the concentration of a personal power ruling over different clans. 1267: 606: 1197: 601: 249: 1027: 2324: 436:
tribe that had been Celticized before Caesar's coming in the region. A sword found in a funeral near
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The ethnic identity of the Sotiates is debated. Their lifestyle was very similar to that of the
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Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental
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Gorrochategui, Joaquín (2011). "Linguistisque et peuplement en Aquitania".
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had formed a coalition against the foreign invader. Furthermore, the name
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mentions that their chief was protected by a troop of 600 men named
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Drachma minted by the Sotiates, dated to the 2nd–1st century BC.
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tribe dwelling in the region surrounding the modern town of
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in the defence of their oppidum against the Roman officer
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in the late 13th c. AD) is named after the ancient tribe.
1182: 707: 695: 683: 671: 333:, the Sotiates fought alone against the Roman armies of 659: 632: 754: 725: 243:
The Sotiates are mentioned in two classical sources:
134:('belonging to'), which appears in the names of many 58:
They were subjugated in 56 BC by the Roman forces of
554: 329:. In the mid-first century BC, led by their chief 2664: 755:Berrocal-Rangel, Luis; Gardes, Philippe (2001). 410:) origin, since it is used by the local people ( 277:. After a failed sortie attempt with 600 of his 402:argues on the contrary that the term may be of 269:In 56 BC, the Sotiates were led by their chief 773: 737: 584: 281:, Adiatuanos had to capitulate to the Romans. 23:Aquitani tribes at both sides of the Pyrenees. 1198: 1035: 980:Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World 870: 548: 958:Spickermann, Wolfgang (2006). "Adiatunnus". 390:('body-guard, loyal, devoted') according to 126:remains unclear. The suffix is possibly the 957: 873:L'âge du Fer en Aquitaine et sur ses marges 641: 521: 519: 517: 432:The Sotiates may be also interpreted as an 1205: 1191: 1042: 1028: 996: 913: 851: 829: 812: 713: 689: 677: 665: 525: 264: 514: 366: 353:('eagerness, desire, ambition'; perhaps 76: 18: 974: 919:Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic 889: 794: 701: 653: 572: 2665: 1234:Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe 1186: 1023: 935: 623:. Ῥωμαϊκὴ Ἱστορία (Historia Romana). 560: 382:, which could be a Latinized form of 456:, and later the Romance toponyms in 311:. Translated by H. J. Edwards, 1917. 227:), located at the confluence of the 444:) type among the local population. 210:Their pre-Roman chief town was the 156:). The origin of the first element 13: 1002:Europa Vasconica - Europa Semitica 187:The Sotiates dwelled north of the 14: 2689: 726:Berrocal-Rangel & Gardes 2001 575:, Map 25: Hispania Tarraconensis. 414:), and that the first element of 1266: 759:. Real Academia de la Historia. 167:, attested in the 1st c. BC as 941:Toponymie générale de la France 893:(2008). "Gaulois Solitumaros". 797:"Et l'Aquitaine devint romaine" 747: 647: 982:. Princeton University Press. 614: 590: 566: 498: 482: 1: 968:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e103570 852:Falileyev, Alexander (2010). 795:Brèthes, Jean-Pierre (2012). 475: 1049: 493:Commentarii de Bello Gallico 182: 138:tribes across Europe (e.g., 7: 463: 345:is probably related to the 10: 2694: 738:Beyneix & Couhade 1996 585:Beyneix & Couhade 1996 316: 238: 2648: 2560: 2523: 2431: 2388: 2280: 1962: 1765: 1510: 1362: 1355: 1275: 1264: 1220: 1212: 1057: 177:archidiaconatus Socientis 418:could be related to the 108:(mid-1st c. BC), and as 907:10.3406/ecelt.2008.2303 788:10.3406/ecelt.1996.2084 72: 976:Talbert, Richard J. A. 372: 314: 309:Loeb Classical Library 265:Gallic Wars (58–50 BC) 89:They are mentioned as 86: 24: 1245:First Transalpine War 1004:. Walter de Gruyter. 801:Modèles Linguistiques 757:Entre Celtas e Íberos 446:Joaquín Gorrochategui 370: 283: 80: 22: 16:Gallic-Aquitani tribe 891:Lambert, Pierre-Yves 1303:Gallo-Roman culture 1228:Battle of the Allia 396:Pierre-Yves Lambert 275:P. Licinius Crassus 119:The meaning of the 67:P. Licinius Crassus 2585:Basel-Münsterhügel 943:. Librairie Droz. 549:Gorrochategui 2011 509:Naturalis Historia 373: 203:, and east of the 175:of the Sotiates'; 160:is still unknown. 87: 25: 2660: 2659: 2556: 2555: 1587:Bituriges Vivisci 1180: 1179: 1011:978-3-11-090570-0 960:Brill's New Pauly 950:978-2-600-02883-7 831:Delamarre, Xavier 766:978-84-89512-82-5 704:, pp. 96–97. 495:, 3:20:3, 3:21:1. 96: 2685: 1360: 1359: 1270: 1207: 1200: 1193: 1184: 1183: 1044: 1037: 1030: 1021: 1020: 1015: 993: 971: 954: 932: 915:Matasović, Ranko 910: 895:Études celtiques 886: 867: 848: 826: 816: 791: 776:Études celtiques 770: 741: 735: 729: 723: 717: 711: 705: 699: 693: 687: 681: 675: 669: 663: 657: 651: 645: 642:Spickermann 2006 639: 630: 618: 612: 594: 588: 582: 576: 570: 564: 558: 552: 546: 537: 523: 512: 502: 496: 486: 392:Xavier Delamarre 337:, whereas other 312: 169:oppidum Sotiatum 94: 81:The campaign of 2693: 2692: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2684: 2683: 2682: 2663: 2662: 2661: 2656: 2644: 2562: 2552: 2519: 2427: 2384: 2276: 1958: 1761: 1506: 1351: 1332:La Tène culture 1271: 1262: 1216: 1211: 1181: 1176: 1053: 1048: 1018: 1012: 998:Vennemann, Theo 990: 951: 929: 883: 864: 845: 767: 750: 745: 744: 736: 732: 724: 720: 712: 708: 700: 696: 688: 684: 676: 672: 664: 660: 652: 648: 640: 633: 619: 615: 602:Bellum Gallicum 595: 591: 583: 579: 571: 567: 559: 555: 547: 540: 524: 515: 503: 499: 487: 483: 478: 466: 339:Aquitani tribes 319: 313: 305:Bellum Gallicum 303:Julius Caesar. 302: 267: 259:History of Rome 250:Bellum Gallicum 241: 195:, south of the 185: 75: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2691: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2658: 2657: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2566: 2564: 2558: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2529: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2437: 2435: 2433:Eastern Europe 2429: 2428: 2426: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2394: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 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690:Delamarre 2003 682: 680:, p. 434. 678:Matasović 2009 670: 666:Delamarre 2003 658: 646: 631: 613: 589: 577: 565: 563:, p. 167. 553: 538: 526:Falileyev 2010 513: 497: 480: 479: 477: 474: 473: 472: 465: 462: 400:Theo Vennemann 318: 315: 300: 266: 263: 240: 237: 199:, west of the 184: 181: 74: 71: 45:Lot-et-Garonne 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2690: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2655: 2652: 2647: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2559: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 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1063: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1013: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 956: 952: 946: 942: 938: 937:Nègre, Ernest 934: 930: 928:9789004173361 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 901:(1): 89–101. 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 878: 875:. Aquitania. 874: 869: 865: 859: 855: 850: 846: 844:9782877723695 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 815: 810: 807:(66): 29–45. 806: 802: 798: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 772: 768: 762: 758: 753: 752: 740:, p. 62. 739: 734: 727: 722: 715: 710: 703: 698: 691: 686: 679: 674: 668:, p. 32. 667: 662: 655: 650: 643: 638: 636: 629: 627: 622: 617: 611: 609: 604: 603: 598: 597:Julius Caesar 593: 587:, p. 57. 586: 581: 574: 569: 562: 557: 551:, p. 31. 550: 545: 543: 535: 531: 527: 522: 520: 518: 510: 506: 501: 494: 490: 485: 481: 471: 468: 467: 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 430: 428: 424: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 369: 365: 363: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 310: 306: 299: 295: 291: 287: 282: 280: 276: 272: 262: 260: 256: 252: 251: 246: 236: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 215: 214: 208: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 180: 178: 174: 170: 166: 161: 159: 155: 154: 149: 148: 143: 142: 137: 133: 129: 125: 122: 117: 116:(1st c. AD). 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 92: 84: 79: 70: 68: 65: 61: 56: 54: 50: 47:) during the 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 21: 2650: 2575:Argentomagus 2543:Tolistobogii 2412: 2375:Vertamocorii 1925:Vertamocorii 1890:Segovellauni 1810:Budenicenses 1602:Coriosolites 1437:Mediomatrici 1247:(125–121 BC) 1239:Galatian War 1230:(ca. 387 BC) 1146: 1001: 979: 959: 940: 918: 898: 894: 872: 853: 834: 804: 800: 782:(1): 57–63. 779: 775: 756: 748:Bibliography 733: 721: 709: 702:Lambert 2008 697: 685: 673: 661: 654:Brèthes 2012 649: 625: 616: 607: 600: 592: 580: 573:Talbert 2000 568: 556: 533: 529: 508: 500: 492: 484: 457: 453: 437: 431: 422: 415: 411: 387: 379: 374: 361: 359:Middle Welsh 350: 342: 320: 308: 307:. 3, 20–22. 304: 296: 292: 288: 284: 278: 268: 258: 248: 242: 220: 216: 211: 209: 186: 176: 168: 163:The city of 162: 157: 152: 145: 139: 131: 123: 118: 109: 101: 97: 90: 88: 57: 53:Roman period 28: 26: 2563:settlements 2481:Hercuniates 2330:Gallianates 2320:Bromanenses 1815:Camactulici 1767:Narbonensis 1657:Nitiobroges 1577:Bodiocasses 1559:Brannovices 1497:Veliocasses 1477:Silvanectes 1251:Gallic Wars 1127:Onobrisates 1077:Bigerriones 837:. Errance. 621:Cassius Dio 255:Cassius Dio 2667:Categories 2625:Magetobria 2538:Tectosages 2461:Cornacates 2456:Britolagai 2408:Lactorates 2380:Votodrones 2355:Montunates 2335:Gennanates 2172:Savincates 2092:Cosuanetes 2042:Bodiontici 2032:Benacenses 2012:Ausuciates 2007:Aneuniates 2002:Ambisontes 1982:Adunicates 1972:Acitavones 1954:Vulgientes 1948:Tectosages 1905:Tricastini 1885:Segobrigii 1785:Allobroges 1775:Agesinates 1757:Viducasses 1672:Petrocorii 1607:Durocasses 1571:Eburovices 1567:Diablintes 1520:Abrincatui 1502:Viromandui 1482:Suessiones 1397:Caeracates 1257:Roman Gaul 1253:(58–50 BC) 1122:Lactorates 1087:Consoranni 561:Nègre 1990 476:References 434:Aquitanian 404:Aquitanian 343:Adiatuanos 331:Adiatuanos 271:Adiatuanos 201:Lactorates 153:Caeracates 2640:Vertillum 2615:Entremont 2561:Pre-Roman 2533:Aigosages 2491:Scordisci 2466:Costoboci 2446:Arabiates 2418:Tarusates 2403:Cocosates 2390:Aquitania 2365:Subinates 2305:Arusnates 2300:Anesiates 2282:Cisalpina 2272:Vindelici 2267:Vesubiani 2232:Vediantii 2222:Triulatti 2177:Sebaginni 2162:Rucinates 2157:Quariates 2152:Nemeturii 2142:Nantuates 2117:Graioceli 2102:Eguiturii 2087:Ceutrones 2082:Caturiges 2077:Catubrini 2072:Catenates 2062:Calucones 2057:Brixentes 2052:Brigianii 2047:Brigantii 1992:Ambidravi 1944:Arecomici 1900:Tolosates 1835:Dexivates 1727:Tricasses 1712:Segusiavi 1632:Lemovices 1627:Latobrigi 1525:Ambiliati 1417:Catalauni 1412:Catuslugi 1392:Bellovaci 1382:Atrebates 1347:Vergobret 1322:Cisalpine 1157:Tarusates 1142:Sibuzates 1132:Oscidates 1082:Cocosates 1062:Andosinoi 921:. Brill. 823:2274-0511 416:sol-durii 388:soldurio- 357:with the 327:Aquitania 223:; modern 221:Sot(t)ium 205:Cocosates 197:Oscidates 193:Tarusates 183:Geography 147:Nantuates 141:Atrebates 110:Sottiates 98:sontiates 85:in 56 BC. 2673:Aquitani 2651:Part of: 2620:Gergovia 2610:Ensérune 2590:Bibracte 2580:Avaricum 2515:Varciani 2510:Taurisci 2499:Celegeri 2486:Latobici 2476:Eravisci 2413:Sotiates 2340:Insubres 2325:Cenomani 2310:Bagienni 2290:Anamares 2262:Vergunni 2252:Vennones 2247:Venostes 2242:Venisami 2237:Velaunii 2207:Suanetes 2202:Sogionti 2192:Segusini 2147:Nemaloni 2107:Gallitae 2037:Bergalei 2017:Avantici 1997:Ambilici 1977:Adanates 1935:Vocontii 1930:Verucini 1920:Tritolli 1915:Tricorii 1910:Tricores 1895:Suelteri 1825:Cenomani 1790:Anatilii 1742:Vellavii 1722:Tigurini 1677:Pictones 1652:Namnetes 1647:Mandubii 1642:Lingones 1622:Helvetii 1597:Carnutes 1563:Cenomani 1540:Andecavi 1427:Eburones 1422:Condrusi 1402:Caeroesi 1387:Atuatuci 1377:Aresaces 1337:Religion 1326:Galatian 1318:Language 1283:Ambactus 1241:(189 BC) 1152:Sucasses 1147:Sotiates 1137:Preciani 1107:Elusates 1102:Tarbelli 1092:Convenae 1051:Aquitani 1000:(2003). 978:(2000). 939:(1990). 917:(2009). 856:. CMCS. 833:(2003). 530:Sotiates 511:, 4:108. 470:Aquitani 464:See also 450:Pyrenees 438:Sotiatum 427:ambactus 408:Vasconic 380:soldurii 362:add-iant 351:adiantu- 301:—  279:soldurii 235:rivers. 217:Sotiatum 189:Elusates 124:Sotiates 121:ethnonym 102:sociates 91:Sotiates 51:and the 49:Iron Age 37:Aquitani 29:Sotiates 2600:Cenabum 2525:Galatia 2495:Dindari 2441:Anartes 2423:Vasates 2370:Taurini 2345:Libicii 2257:Veragri 2227:Ucennii 2217:Tebavii 2212:Suetrii 2187:Segovii 2167:Salassi 2137:Medulli 2132:Licates 2127:Ingauni 2122:Iemerii 2112:Genauni 2097:Ecdinii 2027:Belouni 1865:Nearchi 1850:Ligauni 1845:Libicii 1805:Bormani 1800:Avatici 1795:Atacini 1747:Venelli 1732:Tulingi 1717:Sequani 1707:Senones 1702:Santoni 1687:Redones 1682:Rauraci 1667:Parisii 1662:Osismii 1637:Lexovii 1592:Cadurci 1555:Aulerci 1550:Arverni 1535:Ambarri 1512:Celtica 1492:Triboci 1487:Treveri 1467:Paemani 1457:Nemetes 1447:Menapii 1407:Caletes 1372:Ambiani 1364:Belgica 1356:Peoples 1313:Oppidum 1308:Nemeton 1298:Eubages 1276:Culture 1221:History 1172:Vocates 1167:Venarni 1162:Vasates 1117:Garumni 1112:Garites 528:, s.v. 442:La Tène 384:Gaulish 355:cognate 347:Gaulish 335:Crassus 317:Culture 239:History 213:oppidum 173:oppidum 128:Gaulish 83:Crassus 64:legatus 31:were a 2630:Noreia 2605:Cularo 2595:Bibrax 2570:Alesia 2548:Trocmi 2471:Gotini 2360:Orobii 2350:Marici 2295:Anauni 2197:Sentii 2182:Seduni 2022:Belaci 1987:Alauni 1964:Alpina 1940:Volcae 1880:Salyes 1870:Oxybii 1860:Memini 1840:Helvii 1830:Comani 1820:Cavari 1780:Albici 1752:Veneti 1737:Turoni 1692:Ruteni 1617:Gabali 1612:Esuvii 1545:Arouii 1462:Nervii 1452:Morini 1072:Auscii 1067:Atures 1008:  986:  947:  925:  879:  860:  841:  821:  805:XXXIII 763:  610:20–22. 534:Sotium 489:Caesar 420:Basque 376:Caesar 245:Caesar 233:Gélise 229:Gueyze 136:Gallic 106:Caesar 60:Caesar 33:Gallic 2678:Gauls 2654:Celts 2635:Tylis 2505:Serdi 2067:Carni 1697:Sagii 1530:Aedui 1442:Meldi 1432:Leuci 1342:Vātes 1293:Druid 1214:Gauls 1097:Datii 628:, 46. 505:Pliny 454:-ates 349:root 323:Gauls 158:Soti- 114:Pliny 104:) by 2497:and 2451:Boii 2398:Boii 2315:Boii 1946:and 1875:Reii 1472:Remi 1288:Bard 1006:ISBN 984:ISBN 945:ISBN 923:ISBN 877:ISBN 858:ISBN 839:ISBN 819:ISSN 761:ISBN 532:and 412:illi 394:and 253:and 231:and 191:and 132:ates 95:var. 73:Name 27:The 964:doi 903:doi 809:doi 784:doi 460:". 458:-ac 423:zor 257:'s 247:'s 225:Sos 165:Sos 112:by 62:'s 41:Sos 2669:: 1569:, 1565:, 1561:, 1324:, 962:. 899:36 897:. 817:. 803:. 799:. 780:32 778:. 634:^ 626:39 608:3, 605:. 599:. 541:^ 516:^ 507:. 491:. 398:. 261:. 207:. 171:(' 150:, 144:, 100:, 69:. 55:. 2501:) 2493:( 1950:) 1942:( 1573:) 1557:( 1328:) 1320:( 1206:e 1199:t 1192:v 1043:e 1036:t 1029:v 1014:. 992:. 970:. 966:: 953:. 931:. 909:. 905:: 885:. 866:. 847:. 825:. 811:: 790:. 786:: 769:. 644:. 536:. 406:( 386:* 219:( 130:- 93:( 43:( 35:-

Index


Gallic
Aquitani
Sos
Lot-et-Garonne
Iron Age
Roman period
Caesar
legatus
P. Licinius Crassus

Crassus
Caesar
Pliny
ethnonym
Gaulish
Gallic
Atrebates
Nantuates
Caeracates
Sos
oppidum
Elusates
Tarusates
Oscidates
Lactorates
Cocosates
oppidum
Sos
Gueyze

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