Sotho parts of speech

6061:"Ideophones" (a term coined by Doke specifically for Bantu linguistics), unlike most English onomatopoeias, describe verbs and "qualificatives" (just like English adverbs); many of them describe qualities and actions which produce no obvious sound (such as redness, dying, darkness, silence, disappearing into a corner, appearing alone at a height, walking quickly due to feeling cold, etc.); 4914:'of silence'), though many are formed from other parts of speech. Indeed, it is common for a speaker to intensify the meaning of a descriptive word or verb by improvising ideophones and placing them after the word, or by simply leaving the listener to surmise the meaning from the context or accompanying action. Ideophones are often created from verbs by simply replacing the final vowel 4244:

Generally all adverbs of place are "locatives", which are inflected nouns and pronouns. These are formed by certain rules of inflexion listed below. They generally indicate the place at, on, in, into, from etc. which the action takes place. When used with nouns indicating time they may denote time

3180:

The rules may be classed into 3 categories (plain predication or zero copula, participial, past relative clause participial) and each category may be further divided into 2 groups (all persons with qualificatives and adverbs and 1st. and 2nd. persons substantives, versus 3rd. person substantives).

3144:

Complete predicates and sentences may be formed with substantives, qualificatives, or adverbs without employing any verbs, according to definite rules. These copulatives generally take the place of the verb "to be" in English. In Sesotho, there are also conjugations of the copulative using verbs (

6151:

Other researchers call adjectives and relatives "agreeing adjectives" and "non-agreeing adjectives" respectively. In Sesotho, at least, these terms are only truly meaningful when forming simple copulatives (since adjectives assume the class prefix but relatives do not). In non-copulative uses in

6129:

In each case, the "preposition" is found to be part of a genitive (possessive) compound formed with the following orthographical "word", but the current disjunctive orthography writes these parts separately. Note that in the Lesotho orthography an apostrophe is used to indicate the missing final

4493:

The adverbs indicating "here," "there," and "yonder" are simply class 18 demonstrative pronouns, using class 18 concords (instead of the more usual class 15 concords used by the three locative classes). The relative concord used to form these words does not seem to be weakened (it appears as

6064:

and so forth. The grammatical classification is obviously quite different from that of European and Classical languages, and these terms are used to avoid the temptation of treating Bantu languages in the same manner as European languages, and to avoid the implications of more traditional

5471:

Interjectives are isolated words or groups of words of an exclamatory nature, used to express emotion, or for the purpose of calling attention, giving commands, or conveying assent or dissent. They may themselves also constitute complete sentences, without the use of predicates.

4943:

Ideophones, being very emotional in nature, tend to not follow the phonetic rules of the language and may be pronounced in peculiar ways. For example, the stress may fall on the last or first syllable of all ideophones regardless of length, vowels may be indefinitely lengthened

4805:

In the Bantu languages ideophones form a distinct part of speech, which resembles to a certain extent the adverb in function, but unlike which it may (in some languages) be used as a predicate. In Sesotho there are two ways of using ideophones; one involves the use of the verb

4214:

As in many other Bantu languages, there is a close relationship in Sesotho between adverbs and nouns, with many adverbs appearing as normal nouns and locatives of nouns being used as adverbs. However, the function of an adverb is always clearly distinct from that of a noun.

5381:

are followed by clauses in the participial sub-mood. Note that some of these conjunctives are followed by a pure participial form, while others are followed by a relative construction (since all relative clauses in Sesotho are in the participial sub-mood).

1202:

When the relative concord is used to form the demonstrative pronouns it appears with a more natural high tone instead of the irregular extra-high allotone. However, in the rarely used first form of the first demonstrative it appears with a low tone.

3434:

classes, the adjective assumes the class prefix of the noun). Note that there is no downstep between the two words and that high toned subjectival concords cause any following noun prefix to be raised to a high tone (due to High Tone Doubling, see

1663:

Colour adjectives are a bit more numerous and indicate basic colours and animal colour patterns. These are responsible for the unusually large number of adjectives in Sesotho, since most other Bantu languages have the colours as relatives instead.

6345:." Bantu languages, being agglutinative, construct words by placing affixes around a stem, and if an affix is always placed after other affixes but before the stem (such as in certain verb tenses and moods) then it is usually called an "infix." 3060:

As in many Bantu languages, numbers 2 to 5 are adjectives (in many others they are enumeratives); the number 10 is a relative. In Sesotho, all the other numbers are relatives derived from verbs indicating gestures (e.g. 7 is derived from "to

5006:'of a thrown projectile travelling through the air in a hyperbolic path'). There is even a case of three syllabic nasals with contrasting tones pronounced with three separated air breaths (not as a very long nasal with an undulating tone) 5969:

When subjunctive tenses are used "imperatively" they are not interjectives since they have subjectival concords (and have more typical verbal tonal patterns), but note that in this case there is a distinction between singular,

3481:, and there is a downstep between the two words which is not heard in the copulative. In the case of relatives, the subjectival concord takes the place of the relative concord and the relative stem functions as the copulative. 5864:

in the subjunctive mood (that is, with the "auxiliary concord" prefixed to the main verb). The above negative is most probably a contraction of this form (hence the final vowel was not changed due to the contracted concord)

3425:

is used in the negative. It also has a definite tone pattern which avoids ambiguity with plain uses of qualificatives. In the case of adjectives, the subjectival concord takes the place of the "relative" part of the

1518:(with some languages having no proper adjectives at all). Sesotho has a rather large number of adjectives due to the included colour adjectives. It has about 50 adjectives which may be divided into two categories: 2608:

The descriptive possessive occurs when the concord agrees with the possessor of some descriptive quality, which cannot be prononomial. In this case the possessor, being a noun, is used to describe the possessee.

314:, pronouns, some relatives, some adverbs, all ideophones, conjunctives, and interjectives) are complete words themselves which may or may not be modified with affixes to form new words. Therefore, the term " 2439:

Pronominal possessive stems agree with the possessee. Sesotho has these only for the singulars of the first and second persons and class 1(a) (third person) nouns; the other nouns and persons used the full

2173:

In the Bantu languages, enumeratives are a category of qualificatives generally having some significance of enumeration. They are distinguished from other qualificatives by the fact that they use the

310:) are radical stems which need affixes to form meaningful words; others (copulatives, most possessives, and some adverbs) are formed from full words by the employment of certain formatives; the rest ( 1450:

Qualificative pronouns are qualificatives used substantivally in a sentence. They are basically formed when a qualificative is used without the substantive, or if it appears before the substantive.

4814:") which in this case means "to express" instead of the usual "to say." The other way involves simply placing the ideophone after a verb or qualificative with the aim of intensifying its meaning. 4667:

Some adverbs of manner are radical in formation; others are miscellaneous formations from nouns. There are also several ways of forming adverbs of time from other parts of speech by using affixes

3567:. This is exactly the same way that the negatives of most verbs in most tenses and moods are formed. Additionally, just as with verb negatives, the subjectival concord for class 1 nouns becomes 3708:

of copulatives of qualificatives and adverbs with all persons and classes as subject, and from substantives with 1st. and 2nd. person subjects, the subjectival concord is prefixed to the verb

405:. Concords are usually mandatory in certain places while pronouns are often not. Pronouns cannot be used in place of concords. Pronouns are complete words while concords are strictly affixes. 3882:: To form relative clauses in present time of copulatives falling under rule 4, employ the indirect relative construction with a demonstrative element followed by the subjectival indicator 3421:, with all persons and classes as subjects, and from substantives with 1st. and 2nd. person subjects, the subjectival concord is prefixed to the unchanged word or word-base. The prefix 1248:

In common speech they are often simply shortened to the first syllable, and there is at least one commonly used formation where the pronoun for the first person singular is used as an

4075:

The associative form of the copulative conjugation generally signifies "to have" (lit. 'to be with'). It too shares a division between inceptive and stative aspects, the former using

3571:, and all subjectival concords are high toned (not just third persons and noun classes). Note that the subjectival concord does not affect the tones of the base as in the positive. 3141:

is a word which does the work of a predicative, and which is formed from some other part of speech by modification of a prefix or concord, or by means of some formative addition.

5509:

As with ideophones, their emotional nature causes some of them to be pronounced in peculiar ways, but these irregularities are not as great as those exhibited by ideophones.

4032:

There is a two way division between direct and associative forms of the conjugation. The direct forms generally mean "to become" while the associative forms mean "to have."

4218:

Though adverbs are obviously usually used with a predicative, there are some cases where the predicative does not appear and the adverb may be assumed to be describing a

3064:

The above are the cardinal (counting) forms, derived from the adjectival forms (for 2 to 5); in particular, the forms in the Sotho–Tswana languages are nasally permuted.

295:. In Sesotho, locatives are inflected substantives and verb imperatives are treated as interjectives. The division of the four qualificatives is dependent solely on the 2612:

This happens less commonly in Sesotho than in many other Bantu languages (the relative use being preferred instead), but there are still numerous instances of its use:

4864:). It is this verb which carries all forms of inflexion on behalf of the ideophone. Its mood, transitivity, tense, objects, aspect, etc. are all reflected in the verb 4891:

This illustrates that the ideophone itself is neither transitive nor intransitive, etc., and they are usually translated to English with the construction "of...."

2180:

In many Bantu languages the first five numerals belong to this category, but in Sesotho only the numeral 1 is an enumerative (the second to fifth are adjectives).

4821:"of being finished completely" the action — running ones index finger very close in front of the lips — is necessary to pronounce the word properly). 6256:*kû (otherwise *k normally corresponds to Sesotho , though in certain other situations it corresponds to or , resulting, for example, in the language name 2522:('of his/her people') indicate collective possession. The vowels in the stems coalesce with the vowel in the possessive concord, changing the vowel quality: 1199:

Sesotho has three positional types of pronouns (1 less than many other Bantu languages; the missing one being the 3rd. form "this here") each in two forms.

6341:

The use of this term in Bantu linguistics means "formatives placed in the middle of a word" and not the more common "formatives placed in the middle of a

4612: 1733: 6074:

Sometimes a certain class of constructions are called "prepositions" in Sesotho, but this is merely a misunderstanding aggravated by the disjunctive

4746:

Additionally, in slightly non-standard speech, absolute pronouns may be inflected to form adverbs meaning "on X's own" by prefixing the instrumental

5686:. They are 2nd. person forms, and have the same force as other interjectives, but, being verbal, they may also take objects and assume extensions. 5613:

Vocatives are formed in Sesotho from nouns and 2nd. person pronouns (since all proper vocatives are naturally addressed to "the second person").

4778:

may be used to mark or emphasise questions. It, and its variant forms, may appear before, after, or both before and after the complete sentence.

6211:

This is not merely a formalism. The fact that this action creates a separate part of speech can be more clearly seen in other languages such as

5856:

A commonly used negative, although technically not an interjective (as it contains a subjectival concord) is made by employing the (inflected)

4582:

Apart from certain locative formations with a temporal implication, many nouns and seemingly radical adverbs may be used as adverbs of time.

3075:

used only for Class 9 nouns. The use of the number "one" in Sesotho is different from the other Sotho–Tswana languages, because the Sesotho

3165:

There are six basic rules, used in differing situations to form the most basic copulatives. The first two rules do not use any verbs (the

6019:

All imperatives addressed to the 2nd. person (even if that person is included in a 1st. person plural) may be strengthened by using the

6375:— all with the same meaning and from the same Proto-Bantu root (L verb *-jîj- come). Setswana and isiXhosa have regular forms in 4483: 6058:

There are four types of "qualificatives" (not simply one type of "adjective") distinguished morphologically by their use of concords;

3402:, and DE is the demonstrative element. This is one instance where the relative concords for the 1st. and 2nd. persons may be used. 1147:

of the noun (Doke & Mofokeng claims that the pronominal concord is actually derived from the absolute pronoun) plus the suffix

104: 4633:

to form adverbs of time. These nouns include days of the week and months of the year. Certain other nouns which accept the suffix

395:

in Sesotho: absolute, demonstrative, quantitive, and qualificative. Each pronoun is a complete word and may stand in place of the

6268:). This may be nasalized to *ŋkû. Since Proto-Bantu *ŋk regularly corresponds to Sesotho , this may explain this irregular form. 5592:('of being dumfounded') (this is a common interjection among all language groups in the more cosmopolitan areas of South Africa) 1294:

The second demonstrative signifies "that" indicating relative distance from the speaker. It corresponds to Bantu 2nd. position.

154:

convey the most basic meanings and functions of the words in the language, which may be modified in largely predictable ways by

3836:: To form relative clauses in present time of copulatives falling under rule 3, employ the direct relative concord and suffix 1349:

The third demonstrative signifies "that yonder" indicating distance from both parties. It corresponds to Bantu 4th. position.

4021:

Just like verbal conjugation, the conjugation possibilities of copulatives are varied and complex, with most tenses needing

6052:

The more familiar terms "conjunction" and "interjection" are special (radical) types of "conjunctives" and "interjectives"

4817:

Often when using ideophones in speech, the speaker may accompany the utterance with an action (indeed, with the ideophone

3477:('the large people'), where the relative concord has an irregular extra-high tone and does not raise the second low tone 6432:. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, pp. 200–224. University of London, Vol. 13, No. 1. (1949) 5192:

may be used as conjunctives. This may be done with certain words through the use of a handful of prefixes and suffixes.

4043:

and (when used as a transitive verb) means "become" (not "is", which is indicated by the direct non-verbal copulative).

3947:

prefixed to the subject. Except with adverbs of manner, this always gives a locative implication to the construction.

6422: 1211:

The first demonstrative signifies "this" indicating proximity to the speaker. It corresponds to Bantu 1st. position.

1430:

and is formed from the pronominal concord for nouns (singular persons use class 1's concords and plural persons use

4046:

Thus there are two main aspects of the direct copulative conjugation, the inceptive and the stative. In the former

2284:

The strong enumerative stems use the strong form of the enumerative concord, and the weak stems use the weak form.

6026:. This formative leaves the stress in place, thus resulting in words with stress on the antepenultimate syllable. 6316:

There is a curious widely held belief among some laypersons that Bantu languages have no (easy) way of saying "X

6215:, where a simple inflected qualificative is sometimes slightly morphologically distinct from its pronominal use. 5506:

Interjections have no grammatical or concordial bearing on the sentence; they are merely attached as appendages.

2436:

The direct possessive occurs when the concord agrees with the possessee, while the stem indicates the possessor.

4211:

are words which describe qualificatives, predicatives, or other adverbs with respect to time, place, or manner.

1526:

Common adjectives are miscellaneous in nature and number about 20. The numbers 2 to 5 belong to this category.

5259:

do not affect the mood of the following predicate. They are co-ordinating and merely form compound sentences.

3405:

Note that the participial sub-mood is the basis for all relative clause constructions (used in rules 3 to 6).

1655:

Many of these adjectives are very ancient and exist in almost every Bantu language (sometimes as relatives).

6055:

The simple "copulative" is usually expressed without the use of verbs (in contrast to "copulas" in English);

4902:

Many Sesotho ideophones are radicals, and many of them are shared by many Bantu languages (such as Sesotho

2153:

Verbs can be used in very short relative clauses, although these are not considered proper relative stems:

97: 1879:('one') which has a different tone. Like the enumerative, it is also irregular. It appears nasalised as 6288: 5857: 6086:) affixed to the following word into them (as evidenced by the fact that they all end with a high tone 5160: 4125: 3618:: To form copulatives from substantives with a third person or noun class noun, the high toned prefix 3519:('the lazy people'), with a downstep and extra-high tone on the relative concord. With the enumerative 169:

There are basically twelve parts of speech in Sesotho. The six major divisions are purely according to

5952: 4303: 3785:: To form participials of copulatives from substantives with a 3rd. person or noun class subject, the 5982:

and 1st. plural subjectival concord, and plural is marked by the prefix, the concord, and the suffix

5971: 4933:('he grabbed it') accompanied by the action of reaching out and quickly grasping an invisible object. 4026: 1836: 6090:, and affect the tone of the following noun), and produce similar meanings to English prepositions: 5683: 3524: 3395: 2174: 1965: 306:

In form, some parts of speech (adjectives, enumeratives, some relatives, some possessives, and all

6079: 5901: 5132: 4861: 4103:, which is a prefix attached to the verb's object, is not to be confused with the copulative verb 3786: 3427: 2565:

The possessive concord with nouns is used to directly indicate the possessor. The construction is

2425: 1508: 1144: 159: 5080:

Non-influencing conjunctives which don't affect the grammatical mood of the succeeding predicate,

5059: 4022: 1278:

in non-standard speech). These words have an irregular stress which falls on the final syllable.

318:" instead of the somewhat more neutral "parts of speech" would have been somewhat of a misnomer. 90: 4939:('and he grabbed him by his shirt') accompanied by the speaker performing the action on himself. 1958: 1218: 6446: 5173:('however') (pronounced with an irregular stressed final syllable, distinctly from the adverb) 4283:

The locative merely indicates the place brought into relationship with the verb, thus the many

1143:

These merely stand in place of nouns and say nothing else about them. They are formed from the

6020: 4409:

Many nouns, such as place names and nouns indicating times are used without any modification

67: 6279:

It is also possible to reconstruct a similar (historical) process for the modern adjective

4391:

Nouns indicating persons (except those in class 1a) may use either the prefix or the suffix

4054:

is used, though not all tenses may conjugate in this aspect. In all there are about than 35

3399: 1168:

When a verb has two objects, the second object cannot be indicated in Sesotho by a concord:

5939:

Except for forms employing subjectival concords, the plural is formed by adding the suffix

5567: 4219: 3138: 1423:

While many other Bantu languages have several quantitative pronouns, Sesotho only has the

5900:

Again in the subjunctive mood, an object may be specified in all of the above forms by an

4135:

to show the continuous future positive tense, with an implication of the time being known.

8: 6403: 6075: 3539:

With (mainly locative) adverbs the subjectival concord is simply prefixed to the adverb.

136: 6160:

where the "non-agreeing adjectives" really don't concord with the nouns they describe.

5975: 4084: 3548:

The first and second persons are only used with substantival bases in using this rule.

6418: 4802:

in nature, which describes the qualities of a predicative, qualificative, or adverb.

3563:

The negative of all these formations may be formed by simply prefixing the low toned

292: 78: 6157: 5886: 4999:'of smelling bad'), and various consonants not found in core Sesotho may be used ( 4751: 4471: 4467: 4463: 3940: 3436: 2734: 2183:

Sesotho has three basic enumeratives, divided into two types ("weak" or "strong"):

1980: 1848: 296: 4156:

has never ever been as big as this') . Direct inceptive subjunctive past negative.

4153: 3157:, as well as their inflected forms) giving meanings of "to become" and "to have." 1844: 1840: 1431: 1230: 1222: 6355: 6171: 5904:. This is in the subjunctive mood, and so the final vowel of the verb changes to 5494: 2702: 2369:

may also be used in a particular construction (repeated and with the conjunctive

1969: 173:, while the sub-divisions are according to morphology and semantic significance. 28: 4248:

The actual meaning of a locative is determined by the verb used or the context.

1868:, though it is very common to hear just the nasalized form used with all nouns. 6329:

Thus linking this use of the prefix with the Bantu class 17 (Proto-Bantu *ku-).

6174:, for example, prefixes are attached to the pronoun's prefix without a suffix. 5978:

in the 1st. person. In this case dual number is marked by the hortative prefix

4811: 163: 55: 33: 19: 4146:('I will not have any peace') . Stative inceptive indicative future negative. 2712:

Here is a comparison between the first ten cardinals in some Bantu languages:

6440: 5881:

If the first person is included in the plural subjects, the hortative prefix

4966: 3093: 396: 327: 311: 307: 236: 190: 40: 4611:'in the Days of Cannibals' is a landmark historical tale written in 1911 by 2709:

counting system with six basic numbers, the other four being miscellaneous.

1804:(pronounced exactly the same) means "unripe." The two meanings are related. 1383:

and is formed somewhat irregularly from the relative concord. The suffix is

6078:. They are formed from adverbs of place by contracting the locative class' 5481: 4799: 4284: 1979:

Stems which seem to be radical in nature, and from which abstract nouns in

1515: 128: 3083:

which behaves sometimes like an adjective and can therefore become a noun.

6253: 5552:('of dissent') (the vowel is long with a very irregular low rising tone 5050:

Sesotho conjunctives may be studied from two aspects: form and function.

3166: 2343:

The other enumeratives are used regularly using the enumerative concord:

288: 62: 50: 3712:

preceding the copulative base. The negative uses the irregular negative

3523:('one') the subjectival concord is prefixed to the enumerative with the 1151:. Note that any affixes attached to the pronoun do not change its form. 5768: 5689:

The rules for the formation of the singular imperative are as follows:

5131:

including nouns, pronouns, adverbs, and deficient verbs (used with the

4227: 3705: 2295:(thus the numeral). It is always preceded by one of two constructions: 315: 135:. For a discussion of the differences between the two see the notes on 6398:

Reconstructions lexicales bantoues 2 / Bantu lexical reconstructions 2

5475:

In the Bantu languages interjectives may be divided into three types:

6152:

Sesotho, all qualificatives agree with the noun they are qualifying.

5488: 4989: 4795: 4040: 1164:('you, what do you want?') (the pronoun is merely used for emphasis) 5693:

Verbs with more than one syllable are used without any modification

4860:

when used with ideophones may take a direct object (indicated by an

4287:

used in English are completely unnecessary in the Sesotho language.

6342: 6178: 4616: 4490:), and some other nouns, all used uninflected as locative adverbs. 4487: 2729: 2370: 1896: 1249: 6134:

of the possessive concord (that is, the examples would be written

4980:'of performing with a stop'), prenasalized consonants may occur ( 2332:('some') which has a high tone and is used as a normal adjective: 6212: 5066:

Other parts of speech unchanged in form but used as conjunctives,

2744: 2739: 2706: 1315:

This form is the one employed in indirect relative constructions

392: 149: 132: 5103:

are very rare, and many may have originated from simpler forms.

4683:(which is a complete word followed by a prefix), the copulative 5350:

are followed by (subordinate) clauses in the subjunctive mood.

4208: 251:

describe qualificatives, predicatives, or other descriptives:

170: 5069:

Inflected forms of conjunctives and other parts of speech, and

3169:) using only changes in tone and/or the copulative formative 6358:

they are class 16 pronouns using a class 16 relative concord.

155: 127:

The orthography used in this and related articles is that of

4162:('it is now December') . Direct stative exclusive positive. 4050:

appears; in most multi-verbal tenses of the latter the verb

3939:

Indefinite copulative construction is achieved by using the

233:

signify an action or state connected with the substantive:

6291:

diminutive) *-futshwane → (permanent nasalization) modern

5885:

is used in the subjunctive mood. This is an example of the

2549:('of his/her family/community'). Coalescence occurs again: 5635:('your mother!') (used as an insult similar to Afrikaans 2291:

has a special form with class 9 nouns where it appears as

5190:

Inflected forms of conjunctives and other parts of speech

4868:, while the ideophone itself does not in any way change. 4352:

Non-class 1a nouns ending with the syllabic nasal suffix

4290:

These are the rules for forming the locative from nouns:

5528:('of contempt') (really just an isolated lateral click) 4356:

as usual, resulting in two consecutive syllabic nasals

4029:. What follows is only a brief overview of some points. 1270:

to the relative concord (the exception being class 1(a)

1221:

with the vowel in the class prefix (the exception being

6417:. Cape Town: Longman Southern Africa, 3rd. impression. 5155:('that over there' class 15 demonstrative pronoun) → 4231:('people first') . The full form may be assumed to be 4058:

tenses in the direct inceptive, and 13 in the stative.

4294:

Most nouns except those of class 1a suffix a low tone

2404: 410:

The absolute, demonstrative, and quantitative pronouns

4478:(an irregular unchanged Proto-Bantu class 17 prefix * 2560: 2328:

This stem should not be confused with the adjective

5089:

Conjunctives which govern the participial sub-mood.

5086:

Conjunctives which govern the subjunctive mood, and

3527:. The other enumeratives are not used in this way. 6156:The terms have more validity in languages such as 5576:('of assent') (the vowel has a high falling tone 5379:Conjunctives which govern the participial sub-mood 5284:('should I stop asking you?' subjunctive mood) → 4440:Locatives may be formed from pronouns (except the 1363:interacts strongly with the vowel in the concord. 303:are nouns but are given a separate section below. 4875:('to hit him over the head with a walking stick') 4335:, though its plural has a regular locative with 6438: 5305:are followed by clauses in the indicative mood. 5179:(deficient verb implying 'may as well just') → 5149:('such that') (pronounced with different tones) 1895:classes it uses the irregular (though normal in 6049:The peculiar names are due to Doke. Note that: 6015:('let us not run!' plural 1st. person negative 4298:. This suffix comes from original Proto-Bantu * 4111:tenses in the inceptive and 10 in the stative. 3759:This is the usual way of using the enumerative 3181:Each rule further has its own unique negative. 3116: 3071:is a variant (allomorph) of the adjective stem 2409: 6400:. Tervuren: Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale. 5348:Conjunctives which govern the subjunctive mood 5083:Conjunctives which govern the indicative mood, 4065:('he became a professional singer last year') 1964:In the Bantu languages, the relatives form an 1514:In the Bantu languages, the adjectives form a 158:and other regular morphological devices. Each 5303:Conjunctives which govern the indicative mood 5047:Conjunctives introduce or join up sentences. 3931: 3173:. The other rules employ the irregular verb 2603: 2424:Possessives are qualificatives used with the 359: 98: 6396:Coupez, A., Bastin, Y., and Mumba, E. 1998. 6320:Y"; this couldn't be further from the truth. 6272:This adjective seems to come from the verb 5795:The negative may be formed in several ways: 3894:in the negative), with the relative suffix 1507:Adjectives are qualificatives used with the 364: 354: 162:in the Sesotho language must comprise some " 6348: 5266:('he does not know me' indicative mood) → 4373:Class 1a nouns assume the high tone prefix 3796:. The negative uses the irregular negative 3110: 2574: 2570: 1957:Relatives are qualificatives used with the 1875:is not to be confused with the enumerative 1395:. Class 1(a) has an irregular pronoun with 1289: 1237:). This pronoun is not very commonly used. 376: 349: 287:As a rule, Bantu languages do not have any 5912:(in the negative) when the deficient verb 5704:Most monosyllabic verbs may either suffix 5616:No change in form takes form in the noun. 5076:There are four functions of conjunctives: 5057:Primitive conjunctives, which we may call 4441: 4425:is used to mean "at", its possessive form 2399: 1972:are also used with the relative concords. 1403:in non-standard speech). In common speech 1359:to the relative concord. In this case the 1344: 1206: 371: 105: 91: 6323: 5841:with no change in the verb's final vowel 5803:to the basic verb and changing the final 3978:A more common form in the positive uses 3634:(used in the negatives of rules 3 to 6). 3160: 3057:The six basic numbers are 1 to 5, and 10. 2123:is not to be confused with the adjective 1968:and are the primary qualificatives used. 1445: 1194: 6430:Sotho-Nguni orthography and tone marking 6205: 6184:1st. person singular absolute pronoun → 6145: 6043: 5598:('of thanks') (from Afrikaans "dankie") 4436:('I come from my younger uncle's place') 2431: 1418: 187:signify concrete or abstract concepts: 6413:Doke, C. M., and Mofokeng, S. M. 1974. 6361: 6337: 6335: 6276:('become red') (Proto-Bantu *-kûbid-). 6164: 4124:('we shall have evidence') . Note the 3398:, CB is the copulative base, RC is the 1975:There are two types of relative stems: 1800:means "green/blue", while the relative 6439: 6246: 6068: 5682:Imperatives have neither subjects nor 5666:is used to form interjectives of oath 5053:There are four forms of conjunctives: 4429:is used to indicate "at the place of" 4193: 4188: 4095:(in the positive; the negative has no 3630:should not be confused with the verb 2599:('the handwriting of these' class 2') 2441: 1887:for all other classes). Also, for the 1756:'black with white spots' (goats only) 1492: 1487: 344: 6310: 5955:if the verb ends with the open vowel 4474:nouns, certain forms with the prefix 4178: 1990:Examples of both types follow below: 1229:, due to its irregular concords, and 6332: 5604:('sorry') (from Afrikaans "ekskuus") 5209:(class 15 demonstrative pronoun) → 4918:of the basic verb with a high toned 4887:('...while he was completely drunk') 4769: 4662: 4183: 3430:(that is, with the exception of the 2569:. The concord may also be used with 1858:do not undergo nasalization either. 1658: 1521: 1138: 399:or right next to it (for emphasis). 6009:('let us run!') plural 1st. person 5986:to the verb (or the deficient verb 5943:to the verb (or the deficient verb 4765:('that which you did on your own') 4637:may also take this prefix instead. 4239: 4039:is commonly employed. This verb is 4012:('there are not a lot of cattle' ) 3186:The copulative in plain predication 2717:Numerals in several Bantu languages 2545:('of your family/community'), and 2350:('what type of medicine is this?') 1322:('the data which I am collecting') 13: 6415:Textbook of Southern Sotho Grammar 5662:The adverbial instrumental prefix 5651:may be used to indicate an insult 5446: 5292:('will you help me with this work 5232:may also be used as conjunctives. 4577: 1766:'with white spot on the forehead' 1427:('all') form. It has tone pattern 275: 14: 6458: 6003:('let us run!') dual 1st. person 5931:('you should not tell them!'), 5159:('if only') (note the irregular 4965:'of frying'), syllables may have 3080: 2561:The possessive concord with nouns 1380:The second form has tone pattern 1326:The second form has tone pattern 1263:The second form has tone pattern 267: 218: 6367:Note also the irregular isiZulu 5778:may be inserted between the two 5501: 5466: 5456: 5369:is pronounced with tone pattern 5338:is pronounced with tone pattern 4730:('I defeated him with genius') 4063:e bile sebini selemo se fetileng 3513:Contrast the last example with 3471:Contrast the last example with 3122: 1986:Certain nouns unchanged in form. 1712:'white with long black stripes' 1352:The first form has tone pattern 1297:The first form has tone pattern 1214:The first form has tone pattern 241: 223: 6287:Proto-Bantu *-kûpî → *-fufi → ( 5138:) may be used as conjunctives. 5129:Other parts of speech unchanged 5042: 4832:('the light suddenly went out') 4319:Non-class 1a nouns ending with 3690:Contrast the last example with 2168: 1217:and is formed by suffixing the 259: 208: 5997:('run!') singular 2nd. person) 5677: 5623:('oh my!') (only used by men) 5451: 5365:you may arrive on time'; this 5286:o tla nthusa ka mosebetsi ona 5032: 4842:('the clothes are very white') 4828:('to suddenly become dark'), 4629:Some use the high tone prefix 4331:('day') is an exception with 4150:ha o a ka wa ba moholo ha kana 4016: 3132: 2567:possessee, concord + possessor 2419: 593:Third persons and noun classes 300: 271:introduce or join up sentences 213: 1: 6389: 4988:'of running'), vowels may be 4789: 4458:('they come from that town') 3622:is used in the positive and 2541:('of my family/community'), 2483:3rd. person and class 1 nouns 2362:('it's the wrong medicine!') 2103:'intelligent'/'intelligence' 1864:is nasalized irregularly to 1502: 391:There are four main types of 195: 6140:⟨tlas'a majoe⟩ 6130:vowel of the first word and 5889:(a form of the subjunctive) 5756:The imperative of the verb 5608: 5424:('he showed that he was sad 5257:Non-influencing conjunctives 5249: 4383:('opposite-sex sibling') → 4144:ke tla be ke sa be le kgotso 4139:A few more examples follow. 4107:. In all there are about 30 4035:In the direct form the verb 3418: 2697: 2356:('which medicine is this?') 1992: 1952: 1666: 1528: 1391:if the concord ends with an 254: 7: 5658:('you wretched evil hag!') 5375: 5344: 5299: 5296:should I stop asking you?') 5254: 5226: 5186: 5125: 5098: 4945: 4742:('I am dead from hunger!') 4507:The locative demonstratives 4071:('she was not his spouse') 3876: 3830: 3779: 3698: 3612: 3413:: To form copulatives from 3408: 2449:Possessive pronominal stems 2299:The participial copulative 1936:('a large amount of ore') 1919:('many goats'), (Setswana 1883:with class 9 (it is simply 1457:('the beautiful cars') → 1355:and is formed by suffixing 1266:and is formed by suffixing 386: 10: 6463: 6252:Sesotho often comes from 6136:⟨har'a ntlo⟩ 5647:and its plural equivalent 5479:Radical interjectives, or 5027: 5012:('of refusing outright'). 4848:('to be gray or dirty'), 4785:('did you speak to her?') 4763:seo o se entseng ka bowena 4235:('it is the people first') 4203: 4027:infixed verbal auxiliaries 3986:. The negative of this is 3609:('she is not worthwhile') 3091: 2604:The descriptive possessive 1854:Adjectives beginning with 1320:lesedi leo ke le bokellang 325: 6408:Text Book of Zulu Grammar 5411:they had already closed') 4518: 4515: 4512: 4122:re tla be re na le bopaki 4118:('I shall have a child') 3319: 3316: 3313: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3199: 3194: 2518:('of your people'), and 2250: 2247: 2237: 2217: 2207: 2064: 2011: 1669:Example colour adjectives 1532:Example common adjectives 1333:to the relative concord. 1304:to the relative concord. 591: 460: 435: 432: 429: 424: 421: 418: 415: 403:Concords are NOT pronouns 6306:, both meaning "short". 6105:('underneath rocks') → 6096:('inside the house') → 6037: 5951:may regularly result in 5896:('let us rather not go') 5415:o bontshitse a sa thaba 5093: 4448:and its possessive form 4087:), and the latter using 4069:e ne e se mohatsa wa hae 3792:is prefixed to the verb 3414: 3087: 2444:to indicate possession. 1290:The second demonstrative 462:First and second persons 321: 6200:come hither to me, etc. 5947:when it is used). This 5407:('they opened for them 5361:('you need to hurry up 4852:('his is rather gray ') 4840:diphahlo di tshweu twa! 4838:('to be very white"0, 4462:Furthermore, there are 3932:The indefinite concord 3626:in the negative. This 3215: 2556:('your family's sheep') 2143:('an important phase') 1376:('that picture there') 1345:The third demonstrative 1207:The first demonstrative 253: 235: 207: 205:qualify substantives: 189: 6192:he is speaking to me, 6013:ha re se keng ra matha 5965:('you must not run!') 5566:('of dissent') (see 5316:('he said he knew him 5290:ke tlohele ho o botsa? 5282:ke tlohele ho o botsa? 4728:ke mohlotse ka bohlale 4126:Group I deficient verb 3905:bao e leng baruta-bana 3886:, preceding the verb 3685:he/she/it is a person' 3197:1st. & 2nd. subst. 3161:Forming the copulative 2575:qualificative pronouns 2537:to these stems gives 2137:('simple strategies') 1810:('a green pumpkin'), 1446:Qualificative pronouns 1195:Demonstrative pronouns 1092:Class 15, 16, 17, 18. 252: 234: 206: 188: 182: 5929:le se ke la ba jwetsa 5875:('don't say a word!') 5426:from the way in which 5405:ba ne ba se ba kwetse 5278:he does not know me') 4927:a e tshawara tshwari! 4774:The high tone adverb 4456:ba tswa ho wane motse 4079:with the conjunction 3872:which are in the veld 3597:('she is worthwhile') 3195:All qual. & adv., 2593:('my father's love') 2432:The direct possessive 2160:('to become old') → 2141:mokgahlelo o boholkwa 2083:'worthwhile'/'worth' 1419:Quantitative pronouns 1274:, but it appears as 6428:Tucker, A. N. 1949. 6354:In Setswana and the 5935:('let's tell them!') 5742:only use the prefix 5684:subjectival concords 5522:('of astonishment') 5393:('you can finish it 5355:le hloka ho potlaka 5334:it's raining'; this 5320:he was lying to us') 5310:o itse o a mo tseba 4595:('night, at night') 4589:('a long time ago') 4502:used with class 3). 4482:, possibly from the 4131:used with the infix 4099:). This conjunctive 3825:she is not my child' 3772:('although the year 3741:they are worthwhile' 3536:('the tree is one') 2587:('the child's eye') 2473:2nd. person singular 2463:1st. person singular 2311:('the nurses only') 2113:'heavy'/'heaviness' 1948:('the right hand') 1414:('that star there') 1407:is used throughout. 1154:The tone pattern is 6122:('behind/after'), 6076:Sesotho orthography 4885:...a re funyafehle! 4783:na o buile le yena? 4740:ke shwele ke tlala! 4509: 4434:ke tswa ha rangwane 4311:('stone wall') → 4275:('they are sitting 4245:rather than place. 4116:ke tla ba le ngwana 3923:who are not slaves' 3696:('I am a person'). 3525:enumerative concord 3396:subjectival concord 3188: 2719: 2514:('of my people'), 2451: 2426:possessive concords 2381:selemo sefe le sefe 2190: 2175:enumerative concord 2162:monna ya tsofetseng 2007:English meaning(s) 1997: 1940:Setshiro se sesehla 1678:English meaning(s) 1671: 1541:English meaning(s) 1534: 1509:adjectival concords 1399:(but it appears as 1370:('that car there') 1311:('that airplane') . 412: 178: 137:Sesotho orthography 6118:('in front of'), 6080:possessive concord 5908:(in the positive) 5902:objectival concord 5851:('don't come in!') 5673:('by my father!') 5397:you are prepared') 5133:indefinite concord 4898:('of being alone') 4862:objectival concord 4850:o mo putswa pududu 4830:lebone la tima fi! 4671:, the conjunctive 4505: 4397:('grandchild') → 3918:bao e seng makgoba 3848:in the negative). 3812:she is the leader' 3787:indefinite concord 3754:they are not good' 3428:adjectival concord 3184: 2715: 2447: 2186: 2149:('fierce flames') 1993: 1942:('a yellow mask') 1921:dipodi tse dingata 1856:⟨hl⟩ 1823:of the adjective 1667: 1529: 1469:The beautiful ones 1441:('the whole day') 1145:pronominal concord 408: 176: 6132:⟨h⟩ 6126:('above'), etc... 5927:('tell them!'), 5894:ha re se ke ra ya 5531:('of approval') 5464: 5463: 5428:he was speaking') 5040: 5039: 4798:is a word, often 4770:The interrogative 4698:('once') (also 4663:Adverbs of manner 4575: 4574: 4302:which results in 4201: 4200: 4160:e se e le Tshitwe 3972:There isn't a man 3910:who are teachers' 3728:we are labourers' 3554:('I am a person') 3394:SC indicates the 3392: 3391: 3130: 3129: 3051: 3050: 3011:isishiyagalokunye 2981:isishiyagalombili 2505:sefahleho sa yona 2492: 2491: 2442:absolute pronouns 2417: 2416: 2376:) to mean "any": 2360:ke moreana osele! 2282: 2281: 2147:malakabe a bohale 2117: 2116: 1995:Example relatives 1959:relative concords 1946:Letsoho le letona 1934:Borale bo bongata 1831:of the adjective 1814:('a raw pumpkin') 1790: 1789: 1659:Colour adjectives 1653: 1652: 1522:Common adjectives 1500: 1499: 1387:which changes to 1374:setshwantsho sane 1340:('that purpose') 1285:('these people') 1162:wena o batla eng? 1139:Absolute pronouns 1136: 1135: 561:(2nd. pers. pl.) 530:(2nd. pers. sg.) 499:(1st. pers. pl.) 468:(1st. pers. sg.) 384: 383: 285: 284: 145: 144: 115: 114: 6454: 6384: 6365: 6359: 6352: 6346: 6339: 6330: 6327: 6321: 6314: 6308: 6250: 6244: 6209: 6203: 6168: 6162: 6149: 6143: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6072: 6066: 6047: 5990:if it is used). 5887:cohortative mood 5792:s for emphasis. 5791: 5784: 5643:A suffix/clitic 5582: 5495:Verb imperatives 5434: 5433: 5359:le fihle ka nako 5314:o ne a re thetsa 5239:('some day') → 5015: 5014: 4953: 4758:to the pronoun. 4654:('Thursday') → 4613:Edouard Motsamai 4510: 4504: 4365:('vultures') → 4344:('mountain') → 4323:replace it with 4273:ba dutse thabeng 4240:Adverbs of place 4166: 4165: 4008:ha ho na dikgomo 3646:is the minister' 3545:('we are home') 3437:Sesotho tonology 3400:relative concord 3189: 3183: 3098: 3097: 3079:is an irregular 2720: 2714: 2692: 2634: 2591:ho rata ha ntate 2585:leihlo la ngwana 2452: 2446: 2387: 2386: 2348:ke moreana mong? 2309:baoki ba le bang 2203:English meaning 2191: 2188:The enumeratives 2185: 2093:'brave'/'liver' 1998: 1970:Relative clauses 1917:dipodi tse ngata 1857: 1776:'red and white' 1672: 1535: 1475: 1474: 1467: 1455:Dikoloi tse ntle 1219:relative concord 413: 407: 332: 331: 279:are exclamations 179: 177:Parts of speech 175: 117: 116: 107: 100: 93: 16: 15: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6452: 6451: 6437: 6436: 6435: 6392: 6387: 6366: 6362: 6356:Nguni languages 6353: 6349: 6340: 6333: 6328: 6324: 6315: 6311: 6302:and diminutive 6278: 6277: 6251: 6247: 6216: 6210: 6206: 6175: 6172:Nguni languages 6169: 6165: 6150: 6146: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6073: 6069: 6048: 6044: 6040: 5933:ha re ba jwetse 5860:deficient verb 5837:with the infix 5828:('do not eat!') 5789: 5782: 5680: 5656:molotsana towe! 5611: 5580: 5540:('of calling') 5516:('greetings!') 5504: 5469: 5391:le ikemiseditse 5383: 5351: 5306: 5260: 5252: 5233: 5193: 5145:('to say') → 5139: 5104: 5096: 5045: 4958:may be heard ( 4931:a e re tshwari! 4879:e ne e re tepe! 4792: 4772: 4736:('on purpose') 4665: 4658:('on Thursday') 4609:Mehla ea Malimo 4580: 4578:Adverbs of time 4498:instead of the 4444:) by prefixing 4279:the mountain') 4269:the mountain') 4263:ba tswa thabeng 4259:the mountain') 4242: 4206: 4023:deficient verbs 4019: 3974:in the house') 3961:in the house') 3937: 3899: 3860:who is a person 3849: 3801: 3723:re le basebetsi 3717: 3697: 3671:there they are' 3635: 3572: 3560:('we are them') 3515:batho ba botswa 3482: 3473:batho ba baholo 3464:('those people 3440: 3196: 3163: 3135: 3096: 3090: 2703:Bantu languages 2700: 2690: 2632: 2606: 2597:mongolo wa bana 2563: 2499:sefahleho sa ka 2434: 2422: 2354:ke moreana ofe? 2339:('some nurse') 2303:mooki a le mong 2171: 2164:('an old man') 1955: 1913:('some goats') 1911:dipodi tse ding 1855: 1808:mokopu o motala 1661: 1619:'small', 'few' 1595:'tall', 'long' 1524: 1505: 1471:have arrived') 1465: 1448: 1421: 1347: 1292: 1244:('these dogs') 1209: 1197: 1189: 1185: 1180: 1177:bontshitse yona 1176: 1141: 389: 330: 324: 299:that they use. 152:parts of speech 111: 68:Deficient verbs 46:Parts of speech 12: 11: 5: 6460: 6450: 6449: 6434: 6433: 6426: 6411: 6401: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6385: 6360: 6347: 6331: 6322: 6309: 6296: 6295: 6245: 6243: 6242: 6230: 6204: 6202: 6201: 6163: 6144: 6128: 6127: 6114:('next to'), 6109: 6103:tlase ha majwe 6100: 6067: 6063: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6034: 6033:('run I say!') 6017: 6016: 6010: 6007:ha re matheng! 6004: 5998: 5967: 5966: 5937: 5936: 5898: 5897: 5879: 5878: 5877: 5876: 5873:o se ke wa bua 5854: 5853: 5852: 5831: 5830: 5829: 5765: 5764: 5754: 5753: 5752: 5728: 5727: 5726: 5702: 5701: 5700: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5660: 5659: 5641: 5640: 5630: 5624: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5599: 5593: 5587: 5571: 5561: 5547: 5541: 5535: 5529: 5523: 5517: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5498: 5492: 5486: 5468: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5460: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5441: 5440: 5438:Interjectives: 5432: 5431: 5430: 5429: 5412: 5401:ba ba buletse 5398: 5376: 5374: 5373: 5345: 5343: 5342: 5330:('you can see 5321: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5279: 5268:ke a mo tseba 5251: 5248: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5244: 5227: 5225: 5224: 5214: 5204: 5187: 5185: 5184: 5174: 5169:('only' ) → 5164: 5161:palatalization 5150: 5126: 5124: 5123: 5117: 5111: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5081: 5074: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5030: 5022: 5021: 4941: 4940: 4934: 4900: 4899: 4889: 4888: 4882: 4881:('it was wet') 4876: 4854: 4853: 4843: 4833: 4812:verbum dicendi 4791: 4788: 4787: 4786: 4771: 4768: 4767: 4766: 4744: 4743: 4737: 4731: 4725: 4719: 4713: 4703: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4649: 4627: 4626: 4620: 4602: 4601:('afternoon') 4596: 4590: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4521: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4460: 4459: 4438: 4437: 4419: 4418: 4417: 4416: 4407: 4406: 4405: 4389: 4388: 4387: 4371: 4370: 4369: 4350: 4349: 4348: 4317: 4316: 4315: 4281: 4280: 4270: 4260: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4236: 4205: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4197: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4173: 4172: 4164: 4163: 4157: 4147: 4137: 4136: 4119: 4073: 4072: 4066: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4004: 3976: 3975: 3962: 3959:there is a man 3936: 3930: 3929: 3928: 3927: 3926: 3913: 3877: 3875: 3874: 3867:di leng naheng 3862: 3831: 3829: 3828: 3820:e se ngwana'ka 3815: 3807:e le moetapela 3780: 3778: 3777: 3758: 3757: 3744: 3731: 3699: 3689: 3688: 3674: 3662: 3649: 3613: 3611: 3610: 3598: 3586: 3576:phahlo tsa ka 3562: 3561: 3555: 3547: 3546: 3538: 3537: 3512: 3511: 3496: 3470: 3469: 3454: 3449:('those sheep 3415:qualificatives 3390: 3389: 3374: 3371: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3340: 3337: 3326: 3322: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3311: 3310: 3300: 3297: 3290: 3286: 3285: 3275: 3272: 3265: 3261: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3249: 3243: 3240: 3234: 3230: 3229: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3202: 3201: 3198: 3193: 3162: 3159: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3126: 3125: 3120: 3113: 3105: 3104: 3092:Main article: 3089: 3086: 3085: 3084: 3065: 3062: 3058: 3049: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2989: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2959: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2809: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2757: 2752: 2748: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2724: 2705:tend to use a 2699: 2696: 2695: 2694: 2672: 2656: 2636: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2562: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2554:dinku tsa heno 2531: 2530: 2529:('your sheep') 2509: 2508: 2507:('its face' ) 2502: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2459: 2456: 2433: 2430: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2414: 2413: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2394: 2393: 2385: 2384: 2364: 2363: 2357: 2351: 2341: 2340: 2326: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2322:('one nurse') 2314: 2313: 2312: 2306: 2305:('one nurse') 2280: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2253: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2231: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2209: 2205: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2151: 2150: 2144: 2138: 2135:mawa a tjhatsi 2115: 2114: 2111: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2095: 2094: 2091: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2073:'wet'/'water' 2071: 2066: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2022: 2021: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1988: 1987: 1984: 1983:may be formed. 1954: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1927: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1914: 1871:The adjective 1869: 1859: 1852: 1817: 1816: 1815: 1796:The adjective 1788: 1787: 1786:'white faced' 1784: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1768: 1767: 1764: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1738: 1737: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1720: 1714: 1713: 1710: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1660: 1657: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1641: 1640: 1637: 1631: 1630: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1523: 1520: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1482: 1481: 1473: 1472: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1439:letsatsi lohle 1434:'s concords). 1420: 1417: 1416: 1415: 1378: 1377: 1371: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1324: 1323: 1313: 1312: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1261: 1260: 1259:('here I am') 1246: 1245: 1208: 1205: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1174: 1166: 1165: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 999: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 954: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 909: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 864: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 819: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 774: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 729: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 684: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 639: 638: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 596: 595: 589: 588: 585: 582: 579: 576: 573: 570: 567: 562: 558: 557: 554: 551: 548: 545: 542: 539: 536: 531: 527: 526: 523: 520: 517: 514: 511: 508: 505: 500: 496: 495: 492: 489: 486: 483: 480: 477: 474: 469: 465: 464: 458: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 438: 437: 436:3rd. position 434: 431: 427: 426: 423: 420: 417: 388: 385: 382: 381: 380: 379: 374: 369: 368: 367: 362: 357: 350:Demonstratives 347: 339: 338: 326:Main article: 323: 320: 283: 282: 281: 280: 272: 264: 263: 262: 257: 246: 245: 244: 239: 228: 227: 226: 221: 216: 211: 203:Qualificatives 200: 199: 198: 193: 164:part of speech 143: 142: 141: 140: 122: 121: 113: 112: 110: 109: 102: 95: 87: 84: 83: 82: 81: 76: 75: 74: 73: 72: 71: 70: 60: 59: 58: 38: 37: 36: 23: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6459: 6448: 6447:Sotho grammar 6445: 6444: 6442: 6431: 6427: 6424: 6423:0-582-61700-6 6420: 6416: 6412: 6409: 6405: 6402: 6399: 6395: 6394: 6383:respectively. 6382: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6364: 6357: 6351: 6344: 6338: 6336: 6326: 6319: 6313: 6307: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6290: 6289:alveolarizing 6286: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6275: 6270: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6249: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6231: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6208: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6173: 6167: 6161: 6159: 6154: 6148: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6071: 6060: 6057: 6054: 6051: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6005: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5974:, and plural 5973: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5959: 5958: 5954: 5953:vowel raising 5950: 5946: 5942: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5895: 5892: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5874: 5871:('speak') → 5870: 5867: 5866: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5850: 5847:('enter') → 5846: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5812: 5811: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5799:By prefixing 5798: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5788: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5770: 5767:Sometimes an 5763: 5760:('come') is 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5713: 5712: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5691: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5646: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5629:('hey you!') 5628: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5617: 5614: 5603: 5600: 5597: 5594: 5591: 5588: 5585: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5565: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5548: 5545: 5542: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5530: 5527: 5524: 5521: 5518: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5510: 5507: 5502:Interjections 5496: 5493: 5490: 5487: 5484: 5483: 5482:interjections 5478: 5477: 5476: 5473: 5467:Interjectives 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5447:Interjections 5445: 5444: 5443: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5427: 5423: 5422: 5419:a neng a bua 5418: 5413: 5410: 5406: 5404: 5399: 5396: 5392: 5390: 5387:le ka e qeta 5385: 5384: 5380: 5377: 5371: 5368: 5364: 5363:in order that 5360: 5358: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5340: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5327: 5322: 5319: 5315: 5313: 5308: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5295: 5291: 5289: 5283: 5280: 5277: 5274:('I know him 5273: 5271: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5242: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5213:('therefore') 5212: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5198: 5195: 5194: 5191: 5188: 5182: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5148: 5144: 5141: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5130: 5127: 5121: 5118: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5077: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5056: 5055: 5054: 5051: 5048: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5020: 5019:Conjunctives: 5017: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5005: 5003: 4998: 4997: 4991: 4987: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4974: 4968: 4964: 4963: 4957: 4952:of being cold 4951: 4950: 4938: 4937:a mo re kgom! 4935: 4932: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4892: 4886: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4841: 4837: 4834: 4831: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4815: 4813: 4809: 4803: 4801: 4797: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4764: 4761: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4720: 4718:('together') 4717: 4714: 4711: 4707: 4704: 4702:'post-haste') 4701: 4697: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4657: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4625:('midnight') 4624: 4621: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4583: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4522: 4511: 4508: 4503: 4501: 4497: 4491: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4452: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4435: 4432: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4424: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4340: 4339: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4305: 4304:vowel raising 4301: 4297: 4293: 4292: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4278: 4274: 4271: 4268: 4264: 4261: 4258: 4254: 4253:ba ya thabeng 4251: 4250: 4249: 4246: 4234: 4233:Ke Batho Pele 4230: 4229: 4225: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4216: 4212: 4210: 4195: 4194:Interrogative 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4175: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4161: 4158: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4134: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4083:(conjunctive 4082: 4078: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4024: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4003:in the bag') 4002: 4001:there is food 3998: 3996: 3995:ho na le dijo 3992: 3991: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3973: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3935: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3914: 3911: 3907: 3906: 3901: 3900: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3868: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3856: 3855:ke leng motho 3851: 3850: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3832: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3802: 3800:of the verb. 3799: 3795: 3791: 3788: 3784: 3781: 3775: 3771: 3770: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3755: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3737: 3732: 3729: 3725: 3724: 3719: 3718: 3716:of the verb. 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3700: 3695: 3693: 3686: 3682: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3660: 3657:('that house 3656: 3655: 3650: 3647: 3643: 3642: 3641:ke tona-kgolo 3637: 3636: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3614: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3587: 3584: 3581:('my clothes 3580: 3579: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3566: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3535: 3534: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3516: 3509: 3506:('the people 3505: 3503: 3502: 3497: 3494: 3490: 3489: 3484: 3483: 3480: 3476: 3474: 3467: 3463: 3461: 3460: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3447: 3442: 3441: 3438: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3291: 3288: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3251: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3214: 3203: 3191: 3190: 3187: 3182: 3178: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3142: 3140: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3118: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3108: 3107: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3094:Sesotho verbs 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3063: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3054: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2718: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2613: 2610: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2571:demonstrative 2568: 2555: 2552: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2528: 2525: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2495: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2450: 2445: 2443: 2437: 2429: 2427: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2396: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2383:('any year') 2382: 2379: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2321: 2320:mooki ya mong 2318: 2317: 2316:the relative 2315: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2285: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2236: 2233:'what kind?' 2232: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2189: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2163: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2154: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2122: 2119:The relative 2112: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2096: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1991: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1960: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1922: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1853: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1812:mokopu o tala 1809: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1670: 1665: 1656: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1533: 1527: 1519: 1517: 1512: 1510: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1470: 1463: 1461: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1426: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1334: 1332: 1329:and suffixes 1328: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1303: 1300:and suffixes 1299: 1295: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1251: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1204: 1200: 1182:('I showed it 1181: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1001: 1000: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 956: 955: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 911: 910: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 866: 865: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 821: 820: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 776: 775: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 731: 730: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 686: 685: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 641: 640: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 598: 597: 594: 590: 586: 583: 580: 577: 574: 571: 568: 566: 563: 560: 559: 555: 552: 549: 546: 543: 540: 537: 535: 532: 529: 528: 524: 521: 518: 515: 512: 509: 506: 504: 501: 498: 497: 493: 490: 487: 484: 481: 478: 475: 473: 470: 467: 466: 463: 459: 455: 452: 449: 446: 443: 440: 439: 433:2nd. position 430:1st. position 428: 425:Quantitative 422:Demonstrative 414: 411: 406: 404: 400: 398: 394: 378: 377:Qualificative 375: 373: 370: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 352: 351: 348: 346: 343: 342: 341: 340: 337: 334: 333: 329: 328:Sesotho nouns 319: 317: 313: 309: 304: 302: 298: 294: 290: 278: 277: 276:Interjectives 273: 270: 269: 265: 261: 258: 256: 250: 247: 243: 240: 238: 232: 229: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 204: 201: 197: 194: 192: 186: 183: 181: 180: 174: 172: 167: 165: 161: 160:complete word 157: 153: 151: 138: 134: 130: 126: 125: 124: 123: 119: 118: 108: 103: 101: 96: 94: 89: 88: 86: 85: 80: 77: 69: 66: 65: 64: 61: 57: 54: 53: 52: 49: 48: 47: 44: 43: 42: 39: 35: 32: 31: 30: 27: 26: 25: 24: 21: 18: 17: 6429: 6414: 6410:. Cape Town. 6407: 6397: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6371:and Swahili 6368: 6363: 6350: 6325: 6317: 6312: 6303: 6299: 6298:cf. isiZulu 6297: 6292: 6280: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6248: 6241:My white one 6234: 6233: 6232: 6226: 6221: 6219: 6207: 6198:yiza'pha kum 6197: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6166: 6155: 6153: 6147: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6106: 6102: 6097: 6094:hare ha ntlo 6093: 6087: 6083: 6070: 6045: 6030: 6023: 6018: 6012: 6006: 6001:ha re mathe! 6000: 5994: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5968: 5962: 5956: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5938: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5923:('tell') → 5920: 5916:is not used 5913: 5909: 5905: 5899: 5893: 5882: 5880: 5872: 5868: 5861: 5848: 5844: 5838: 5834: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5794: 5786: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5757: 5749: 5745: 5739: 5738:('go'), and 5735: 5731: 5725:('get out!') 5722: 5718: 5717:('exit') → 5714: 5709: 5705: 5696: 5688: 5681: 5670: 5663: 5661: 5655: 5648: 5644: 5642: 5636: 5632: 5626: 5620: 5615: 5612: 5601: 5595: 5589: 5583: 5577: 5573: 5563: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5546:('of pain') 5543: 5537: 5532: 5525: 5519: 5513: 5508: 5505: 5480: 5474: 5470: 5437: 5425: 5420: 5416: 5414: 5408: 5402: 5400: 5394: 5388: 5386: 5378: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5356: 5354: 5347: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5325: 5323: 5317: 5311: 5309: 5302: 5293: 5287: 5285: 5281: 5275: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5256: 5240: 5237:mohla o mong 5236: 5229: 5220: 5216: 5210: 5206: 5200: 5196: 5189: 5180: 5176: 5170: 5166: 5156: 5152: 5146: 5142: 5135: 5128: 5119: 5113: 5107: 5101:Conjunctions 5100: 5075: 5060:conjunctions 5058: 5052: 5049: 5046: 5043:Conjunctives 5018: 5010: 5007: 5001: 5000: 4995: 4993: 4983: 4981: 4976: 4972: 4970: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4954:), syllabic 4948: 4946: 4942: 4936: 4930: 4926: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4906:and isiZulu 4903: 4901: 4895: 4890: 4884: 4878: 4873:ho mo re mu! 4872: 4865: 4857: 4855: 4849: 4846:ho re pududu 4845: 4839: 4835: 4829: 4825: 4818: 4816: 4807: 4804: 4800:onomatopoeic 4793: 4782: 4775: 4773: 4762: 4755: 4754:noun prefix 4747: 4745: 4739: 4733: 4727: 4721: 4715: 4709: 4708:('many') → 4705: 4699: 4695: 4694:('one') → 4691: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4666: 4655: 4651: 4645: 4644:('July') → 4641: 4634: 4630: 4628: 4622: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4586: 4581: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4506: 4499: 4495: 4492: 4479: 4475: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4445: 4442:quantitative 4439: 4433: 4426: 4422: 4420: 4412: 4403:ho setloholo 4402: 4398: 4394: 4385:ho kgaitsedi 4384: 4380: 4374: 4366: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4345: 4341: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4312: 4308: 4299: 4295: 4289: 4285:prepositions 4282: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4265:('they come 4262: 4256: 4252: 4247: 4243: 4232: 4226: 4222:copulative. 4217: 4213: 4207: 4169: 4159: 4149: 4143: 4138: 4132: 4128: 4121: 4115: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4080: 4076: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4045: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4020: 4007: 4006: 4000: 3997:ka mokotleng 3994: 3993: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3944: 3938: 3933: 3922: 3917: 3915: 3909: 3904: 3902: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3871: 3866: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3852: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3824: 3819: 3817: 3811: 3806: 3804: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3782: 3773: 3768: 3767:leha selemo 3766: 3760: 3753: 3748: 3746: 3740: 3736:ba le molemo 3735: 3733: 3727: 3722: 3720: 3713: 3709: 3706:participials 3701: 3694: 3691: 3684: 3681: 3677: 3676: 3670: 3665: 3664: 3659:is not mine' 3658: 3653: 3651: 3645: 3640: 3638: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3607: 3602: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3588: 3583:are not wet' 3582: 3577: 3575: 3568: 3564: 3557: 3551: 3542: 3532: 3530: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3498: 3492: 3487: 3485: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3456: 3450: 3445: 3443: 3431: 3422: 3410: 3404: 3393: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3367: 3363: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3333: 3329: 3306: 3302: 3293: 3281: 3277: 3268: 3245: 3236: 3225: 3200:3rd. subst. 3185: 3179: 3174: 3170: 3164: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3143: 3136: 3115: 3102:Copulatives: 3101: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3067:In Sesotho, 3052: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2754: 2716: 2711: 2701: 2687: 2684: 2679: 2675: 2674: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2629: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2607: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2579: 2566: 2564: 2553: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2532: 2526: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2510: 2504: 2501:('my face') 2498: 2493: 2486: 2476: 2466: 2448: 2438: 2435: 2423: 2391:Possessives: 2390: 2380: 2373: 2366: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2342: 2337:mooki e mong 2336: 2329: 2327: 2319: 2308: 2302: 2292: 2288: 2287:The numeral 2286: 2283: 2271: 2268: 2259: 2256: 2244: 2241: 2229: 2226: 2214: 2211: 2187: 2182: 2179: 2172: 2169:Enumeratives 2161: 2157: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2120: 2118: 2108: 2098: 2088: 2078: 2068: 2055: 2045: 2040:'difficult' 2035: 2025: 2015: 1994: 1989: 1974: 1963: 1956: 1945: 1939: 1933: 1928: 1920: 1916: 1910: 1904: 1900: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1865: 1861: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1811: 1807: 1801: 1797: 1791: 1781: 1771: 1761: 1751: 1741: 1727: 1717: 1707: 1697: 1693: 1683: 1668: 1662: 1654: 1644: 1639:'how much?' 1634: 1629:'beautiful' 1624: 1614: 1610: 1600: 1590: 1586: 1576: 1566: 1556: 1546: 1531: 1525: 1516:closed class 1513: 1506: 1478: 1468: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1438: 1428: 1424: 1422: 1411: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1373: 1367: 1360: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1337: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1319: 1314: 1309:sefofane seo 1308: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1282: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1256: 1247: 1241: 1234: 1226: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1201: 1198: 1172: 1167: 1161: 1155: 1153: 1148: 1142: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 770: 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 642:Class 2(a). 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 599:Class 1(a). 592: 564: 533: 502: 471: 461: 409: 402: 401: 390: 372:Quantitative 335: 316:word classes 305: 289:prepositions 286: 274: 268:Conjunctives 266: 249:Descriptives 248: 231:Predicatives 230: 219:Enumeratives 202: 185:Substantives 184: 168: 148: 146: 129:South Africa 45: 6293:-kgutshwane 6283:('short'): 6281:-kgutshwane 6254:Proto-Bantu 6190:uthetha nam 6107:tlasa majwe 5824:('eat!'), 5816:('eat') → 5748:('say') → 5678:Imperatives 5457:Imperatives 5328:pula e a na 5272:ha a ntsebe 5264:ha a ntsebe 5243:('perhaps') 5219:('but') → 5203:('even if') 5122:('whereas') 5110:('if/when') 4990:devocalised 4648:('in July') 4607:('day') ( 4486:dialect of 4399:setloholong 4017:Conjugation 3982:instead of 3966:ha ho monna 3870:The cattle 3823:('although 3726:('although 3644:('this man 3639:monna enwa 3578:ha di metsi 3491:('cheetahs 3444:dinku tseo 3253:Participial 3167:zero copula 3133:Copulatives 3123:Conjugation 3081:enumerative 2951:isikhombisa 2533:Prefixing 2527:dinku tseno 2420:Possessives 2410:Descriptive 1479:Adjectives: 1242:dintja tsee 365:That yonder 242:Copulatives 224:Possessives 79:Orthography 6404:Doke C. M. 6390:References 6196:it is me, 6186:unyana wam 5963:se matheng 5849:se ka kena 5769:epenthetic 5730:The verbs 5708:or prefix 5199:('if') → 5072:Compounds. 4836:ho re twa! 4790:Ideophones 4712:('often') 4599:mantsibuya 4539:2nd. form 4415:('summer') 4255:('they go 4228:Batho Pele 3769:se le seng 3749:di se ntle 3704:: To form 3654:hase ya ka 3466:are large' 3457:batho bao 3139:copulative 2667:('a blind 2405:With nouns 2158:ho tsofala 1966:open class 1899:) concord 1835:are never 1734:green/blue 1503:Adjectives 1462:di fihlile 1412:naledi ela 1368:koloi yane 1338:morero ono 1223:class 1(a) 1047:Class 14. 1002:Class 10. 456:2nd. form 260:Ideophones 209:Adjectives 6260:and not * 6229:white dog 6098:hara ntlo 6031:matha bo! 5925:ba jwetse 5833:By using 5734:('say'), 5609:Vocatives 5514:dumelang! 5489:Vocatives 5452:Vocatives 5324:o a bona 5250:Functions 5241:mohlomong 5230:Compounds 5033:Functions 4856:The verb 4826:ho re fi! 4796:ideophone 4724:('thus') 4700:hang hang 4687:, etc.). 4681:jwale ka- 4656:ka Labone 4536:1st. form 4533:2nd. form 4530:1st. form 4527:2nd. form 4524:1st. form 4413:lehlabula 4395:setloholo 4381:kgaitsedi 4189:Of manner 4041:inceptive 4010:tse ngata 3980:ho na le- 3921:('people 3908:('people 3763:('one'). 3508:are lazy' 3501:ba botswa 3493:are wild' 3459:ba baholo 3451:are fine' 3239:+ SC + CB 2698:Cardinals 2251:'which?' 2050:'unripe' 2030:'wicked' 1953:Relatives 1837:nasalized 1615:-nyenyane 1605:'female' 1601:-tshehadi 957:Class 9. 912:Class 8. 867:Class 7. 822:Class 6. 777:Class 5. 732:Class 4. 687:Class 3. 453:1st. form 450:2nd. form 447:1st. form 444:2nd. form 441:1st. form 336:Pronouns: 301:Cardinals 214:Relatives 29:Phonology 6441:Category 6343:morpheme 6304:-fushane 6239:emhlophe 6224:emhlophe 6188:my son, 6179:isiXhosa 6120:ka mora- 6116:ka pela- 6021:enclitic 5858:Group IV 5699:('run!') 5671:ka ntate 5409:although 5221:empaneng 5183:('but') 4752:class 14 4750:and the 4734:ka boomo 4646:ka Phupu 4617:Difaqane 4488:Setswana 4484:Serolong 4464:class 16 4313:lerakong 4179:Of place 4170:Adverbs: 3988:ha ho na 3968:ka tlung 3955:ka tlung 3953:ho monna 3943:concord 3941:class 17 3865:Dikgomo 3692:ke motho 3678:ke motho 3652:ntlo eo 3552:ke motho 3376:DE and 3342:DE and 3314:Relative 3061:point"). 2921:isithupa 2906:tshelela 2891:isihlanu 2831:kuthathu 2371:enclitic 2278:'other' 2099:-bohlale 2012:Radical 1981:class 14 1903:instead 1897:Setswana 1866:-kgubedu 1827:and the 1746:'brown' 1708:-phifadi 1698:-kgubedu 1688:'white' 1571:'other' 1460:tse ntle 1283:batho ba 1257:ke nna o 1250:enclitic 637:— 587:— 556:— 525:— 494:— 419:Absolute 393:pronouns 387:Pronouns 345:Absolute 297:concords 293:articles 196:Pronouns 56:Concords 34:Tonology 6274:-fubela 6266:Hesotho 6262:Kesotho 6258:Sesotho 6213:isiZulu 6170:In the 6158:Swahili 6124:hodima- 5921:-jwetsa 5637:jou ma! 5318:and yet 5312:kganthe 5223:('but') 5120:kganthe 5116:('and') 4710:hangata 4519:Yonder 4367:manonng 4346:thabeng 4337:mehleng 4333:mohlang 4209:Adverbs 4204:Adverbs 4184:Of time 4154:class 3 4025:and/or 3774:is one' 3666:ke bano 3558:re bona 3533:se seng 3531:sefate 3488:a hlaha 3486:mangau 3446:di ntle 3419:adverbs 3388:and CB 3373:– 3359:– 3354:and CB 3320:Rule 6 3309:and CB 3299:– 3289:– 3284:and CB 3259:Rule 4 3242:– 3233:– 3219:SC + CB 3211:Rule 2 3153:, and 3111:Forming 3053:Notes: 3026:leshome 2986:munaana 2956:musanvu 2926:mukaaga 2911:thataro 2801:isibili 2735:Swahili 2726:Sesotho 2707:quinary 2653:mealies 2640:mokotla 2089:-sebete 2079:-molemo 2060:'wide' 2020:'wild' 2004:Example 1901:tse di- 1862:-fubedu 1851:nouns. 1841:class 8 1825:-sootho 1792:Notes: 1782:-tshumu 1772:-tjhaba 1742:-sootho 1722:'fawn' 1718:-thokwa 1694:-fubedu 1649:'many' 1591:-telele 1587:-lelele 1432:class 2 1231:class 9 1186:to them 584:— 581:— 578:— 575:— 572:— 569:— 553:— 550:— 547:— 544:— 541:— 538:— 522:— 519:— 516:— 513:— 510:— 507:— 491:— 488:— 485:— 482:— 479:— 476:— 255:Adverbs 156:affixes 150:Sesotho 133:Lesotho 120:Notes: 41:Grammar 20:Sesotho 6421: 6406:1963. 6300:-fuphi 6065:terms. 5995:matha! 5976:number 5719:etswa! 5621:banna! 5602:askies 5568:hiatus 5544:itjhu! 5520:kgele! 5421:kateng 4971:thethe 4706:-ngata 4652:Labone 4623:kgitla 4615:about 4470:, and 4421:While 4363:manong 4309:lerako 4220:covert 4085:import 3916:batho 3903:batho 3880:Rule 6 3834:Rule 5 3783:Rule 4 3702:Rule 3 3616:Rule 2 3543:re hae 3499:batho 3411:Rule 1 3370:and CB 3362:RC + 3336:and CB 3328:RC + 3317:Rule 5 3296:and CB 3292:SC + 3271:and CB 3267:SC + 3256:Rule 3 3208:Rule 1 3041:ishume 3016:mwenda 3001:robong 2996:robong 2971:robedi 2966:robedi 2896:ttaano 2881:tlhano 2771:ukunye 2730:Tswana 2685:fourth 2683:('the 2676:selemo 2664:sefofu 2622:tshepe 2580:E.g.: 2494:E.g.: 2455:Person 2400:Direct 2293:-nngwe 2257:-feng? 2221:'one' 2218:strong 2130:E.g.: 2109:-boima 2069:-metsi 2065:Nouns 2056:-batsi 2036:-thata 2026:-kgopo 2016:-hlaha 1929:E.g.: 1881:-nngwe 1847:, and 1762:-tseka 1702:'red' 1645:-ngata 1611:-nyane 1581:'two' 1561:'big' 1551:'bad' 1493:Colour 1488:Common 1225:using 1041:tsohle 951:tsohle 171:syntax 131:, not 6220:Inja 6112:pela- 6038:Notes 5845:-kena 5826:se je 5790:' 5785:s or 5783:' 5723:tswaa 5715:-tswa 5697:matha 5649:-ting 5645:-towe 5633:mmao! 5627:wena! 5596:tanki 5550:tjhee 5538:hela! 5491:, and 5417:kamoo 5211:kahoo 5143:ho re 5094:Forms 5028:Forms 4967:codas 4808:ho re 4722:tjena 4716:mmoho 4642:Phupu 4605:mohla 4593:bosiu 4587:kgale 4516:There 4342:thaba 4329:Mohla 4152:('it 4133:-tla- 4109:basic 4091:with 4056:basic 3818:leha 3810:('if 3752:('if 3739:('if 3721:leha 3624:hase- 3601:ha a 3248:+ CB 3228:+ CB 3205:Plain 3088:Verbs 3069:nngwe 3031:shome 2876:hlano 2861:okune 2836:ssatu 2821:tharo 2816:tharo 2806:bbiri 2796:mbili 2755:nngwe 2745:Ganda 2691:' 2660:monna 2644:poone 2633:' 2630:knife 2625:('an 2618:thipa 2547:-habo 2543:-heno 2539:-heso 2458:Stem 2269:-sele 2125:-tala 2121:-tala 2046:-tala 1905:tse - 1839:with 1833:-rolo 1802:-tala 1798:-tala 1752:-rolo 1728:-tala 1684:-sweu 1635:-kae? 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2200:Type 2197:Stem 2001:Type 1819:The 1675:Stem 1625:-tle 1538:Stem 1425:-hle 1397:elwa 1357:-ane 1272:enwa 1190:') . 1126:hola 1121:hane 1116:hono 1106:hona 1096:hona 1081:bola 1076:bane 1071:bono 1061:bona 1051:bona 1021:tseo 1011:tsee 986:yane 961:yona 931:tseo 921:tsee 901:sela 896:sane 891:seno 881:sena 871:sona 861:ohle 811:lela 806:lane 801:leno 791:lena 781:lona 761:yane 736:yona 726:ohle 716:wane 676:bale 671:bane 666:bano 656:bana 646:bona 633:elwa 628:yane 613:enwa 603:yena 565:lona 534:wena 503:rona 397:noun 360:That 355:This 147:The 6182:mna 6084:ha- 6024:-bo 5988:-ke 5984:-ng 5980:ha- 5949:-ng 5945:-ke 5941:-ng 5914:-ke 5883:ha- 5869:bua 5862:-ke 5835:se- 5822:jaa 5820:/ 5818:eja 5814:-ja 5807:to 5801:se- 5774:or 5750:ere 5746:-re 5740:-ba 5736:-ya 5732:-re 5721:/ 5664:ka- 5564:e'e 5526:nxa 5276:but 5207:hoo 5114:mme 4986:epe 4982:kga 4975:the 4960:the 4929:, 4908:du! 4904:tu! 4896:to! 4866:-re 4858:-re 4819:mpf 4794:An 4756:bo- 4748:ka- 4692:-ng 4685:ke- 4677:ka- 4675:, 4673:le- 4669:ha- 4635:-ng 4631:ka- 4555:moo 4545:moo 4496:mo- 4480:ku- 4476:ko- 4450:ha- 4446:ho- 4427:ha- 4423:ho- 4401:, 4375:ho- 4358:nng 4354:-ng 4327:. 4300:-nî 4296:-ng 4129:-be 4105:-le 4101:le- 4097:le- 4093:le- 4089:-na 4081:le- 4077:-ba 4052:-le 4048:-ba 4037:-ba 3984:ho- 3945:ho- 3934:ho- 3896:-ng 3892:-se 3888:-le 3846:-se 3842:-le 3840:to 3838:-ng 3805:ha 3798:-se 3794:-le 3761:-ng 3747:ha 3734:ha 3714:-se 3710:-le 3632:-se 3620:ke- 3565:ha- 3439:). 3432:di- 3384:+ 3380:+ 3366:+ 3350:+ 3346:+ 3332:+ 3305:+ 3280:+ 3175:-le 3171:ke- 3155:-na 3151:-le 3149:, 3147:-ba 3117:Ho- 3077:-ng 3073:-ng 3022:10. 2856:nne 2851:nne 2846:nne 2776:emu 2723:No. 2678:sa 2671:') 2669:man 2662:wa 2655:') 2651:of 2642:wa 2620:ya 2535:ha- 2520:-bo 2467:-ka 2374:le- 2367:-fe 2330:-ng 2289:-ng 2265:3. 2238:2. 2227:-ng 2212:-ng 2208:1. 2194:No. 1893:di- 1889:di- 1885:-ng 1877:-ng 1873:-ng 1696:, 1613:, 1589:, 1567:-ng 1547:-be 1405:-le 1401:ole 1389:-le 1385:-la 1331:-no 1276:ona 1268:-na 1149:-na 1111:hoo 1101:hoo 1066:boo 1056:boo 991:ela 981:eno 971:ena 886:seo 876:see 856:ale 851:ane 846:ano 836:ana 826:ona 796:leo 786:lee 766:ela 756:eno 746:ena 721:ole 711:ono 701:ona 691:ona 661:bao 651:baa 623:eno 472:nna 291:or 166:." 6443:: 6334:^ 6318:is 6227:My 6142:). 5809:-e 5805:-a 5710:e- 5706:-a 5556:／ 5395:if 5389:ha 5294:or 5197:ha 5136:e- 5108:ha 4994:ph 4992:( 4984:mp 4977:ng 4973:ng 4969:( 4962:rr 4922:. 4920:-i 4916:-a 4910:/ 4810:(" 4776:na 4679:, 4500:o- 4472:18 4468:17 4466:, 4377:. 4277:on 4257:to 3999:(' 3970:(' 3957:(' 3898:. 3890:( 3884:e- 3858:I 3790:e- 3756:) 3743:) 3730:) 3687:) 3683:(' 3673:) 3669:(' 3661:) 3648:) 3603:mo 3591:mo 3589:o 3585:) 3569:a- 3521:ng 3479:ba 3468:) 3453:) 3423:ha 3386:ng 3382:se 3368:ng 3364:se 3352:ng 3348:le 3334:ng 3330:le 3307:se 3294:se 3282:le 3269:le 3237:ha 3226:ke 3177:. 3137:A 2992:9. 2962:8. 2932:7. 2902:6. 2872:5. 2842:4. 2812:3. 2782:2. 2751:1. 2693:) 2635:) 2577:. 2428:. 2177:. 2127:. 1961:. 1907:. 1891:/ 1849:10 1843:, 1736:' 1511:. 1302:-o 1252:. 1235:ee 1227:eo 1157:. 976:eo 966:ee 841:ao 831:aa 751:eo 741:ee 706:oo 696:oo 618:eo 608:eo 6425:. 6235:E 6088:a 6082:( 5957:e 5910:e 5906:e 5787:o 5780:a 5776:y 5772:h 5639:) 5586:) 5584:} 5581:＼ 5578:{ 5574:e 5570:) 5560:) 5558:} 5554:{ 5497:. 5485:, 5372:) 5341:) 5163:) 5063:, 5002:v 4996:u 4956:r 4947:p 4944:( 4619:) 4321:a 3925:) 3912:) 3844:( 3827:) 3814:) 3776:) 3510:) 3495:) 3378:e 3344:e 3339:+ 3325:+ 3303:e 3278:e 3274:+ 3264:+ 3222:+ 3216:+ 2759:' 1923:) 1845:9 1829:r 1821:s 1732:' 1530:' 1464:( 1393:a 1361:a 1188:1 1184:2 1179:2 1175:1 139:. 106:e 99:t 92:v

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