1019:
383:(who had married her sister Charlotte some time between 1794 and 1800), and with Joseph Garat to publish her husband's complete works in 21 volumes between 1801 and 1804. She adhered to the end to her husband's political views, and under the Consulate and Empire, her salon became a meeting place for those opposed to the autocratic regime. Sophie de Condorcet survived the French Revolution, the Directory, and the era of Napoleon, to witness the revival of reaction under the restored Bourbons.
319:
Condorcet. Mme. Suard, with whom
Condorcet had once been in love and had exchanged letters with for many years, wrote afterwards in a very sentimental tone (probably falsely, as she had been upset with him ever since his marriage to Sophie) of her guilt and wishes that she could have protected him. He was discovered shortly afterwards in a tavern at the edge of the city. The suspicious peasants there handed him over to the authorities, and he was found dead after the first night in prison.
968:"The O'Connor-Condorcet couple had five children, only one of whom, Daniel O'Connor, left a posterity: two sons, including General Arthur O'Connor, who married Marguerite Elizabeth de Ganay in 1878. From this union, two daughters were born: the first, Elizabeth O'Connor, married Alexandre de La Taulotte; the second, Brigitte O'Connor, to Count François de La Tour du Pin who gave her three children: Philis, Aymar and
33:
279:(1791). It has been argued that Sophie de Condorcet's own interest in women's rights were responsible for her husband's arguments for greater rights for women in the ten-page essay "Sur l’admission des femmes au droit de cité" (3 July 1790). Unfortunately, this essay had little influence in its day, being overshadowed by the more passionate essays by British feminist
1275:
364:, commenting upon this work. This became the standard French translation for the next two centuries. De Condorcet's eight letters on sympathy were however ignored by historians of economic thought, and were just recently translated into English (Brown, 2008). In 1799, de Condorcet also arranged to publish her husband's
342:
Sophie de
Condorcet was rendered penniless by her husband's proscription and his death which came before their divorce. Her financial circumstances compelled to support not only herself and her then four-year-old daughter Eliza, but also her younger sister, Charlotte de Grouchy. Madame de Condorcet
322:
Although he might have died of hardship, an embolism, or other natural causes, most historians today believe that he poisoned himself, possibly with the help of his sister-in-law's lover
Cabanis. According to Tomalin, Sophie de Condorcet was not informed about his death until several months later.
318:
The
Marquis, hearing of a coming raid, lost his nerve and fled his friend's roof, believing that his presence had been detected. He approached the country home of the Suards hoping they would shelter him, but Suard refused him shelter, claiming that a patriot servant in their home would betray
298:
mentions their sad history. The
Marquis de Condorcet denounced the new Jacobin constitution which had no safeguards of the kind envisaged by him and the Girondins, and then went into hiding for eight months. His wife visited him secretly. Along with his friends, she encouraged de Condorcet to
224:(17 September 1743 – 29 March 1794). Then 21 or 22, she was an acknowledged beauty; he was 42 and Inspector-General of the Mint and a prominent French Academician. Although there was a twenty-year age difference, the two shared many intellectual interests, and had a strong and happy marriage.
439:
Daniel O'Connor (1810–1851) He married 1843 Ernestine Duval du
Fraville (1820–1877, who died at Cannes), and had two sons, Arthur O'Connor, and Fernand O'Connor. Arthur served in the French army, married and had two daughters. The elder daughter Arthur's younger daughter Brigitte O'Connor
314:
While the
Marquis was in hiding, his wife filed for divorce, with his secret consent. Their relationship remained strong, but due to laws allowing the government to confiscate the property of proscribed citizens, a divorce would enable his wife and daughter to keep their family assets.
402:
The de
Condorcets had one daughter Alexandrine Louise Sophie de Caritat de Condorcet (b 1790/1-1859), who was called Eliza (or Liza, or Elisa) for short. She survived to marry on 4 July 1807 an exiled Irish revolutionary,
271:
Sophie de
Condorcet allowed the Cercle Social — an association with the goal of equal political and legal rights for women — to meet at her house. Its members included women's rights advocate
394:
Sophie de
Condorcet died in Paris on 8 September 1822. Even at the end, she was determined to preserve Condorcet's memory through his works, and was preparing to bring out a new edition.
489:
Daniel's descendants served as officers in the French army. According to Clifford D. Conner (biographer of Arthur O'Connor), the O'Connor descendants still live at Chateau du Bignon.
1254:
304:
213:, and his wife Marie-Gilberte-Henriette Fréteau de Pény, daughter of Michel Louis Fréteau de Pény, Seigneur de Vaux-le-Pénil. She was the elder sister of the Napoleonic Marshal
969:
432:
Eliza (or Elisa) and Arthur had five children, including three sons, all of whom died before their father in 1852. Only one son Daniel (1810–1851) married and left posterity.
276:
186:. Condorcet was also a writer and a translator, being highly educated for her day, and was fluent in English and Italian. Her most important philosophical writing is
533:
817:
651:
429:
Eliza and Arthur Condorcet-O'Connor's efforts took over where Eliza's mother had left off, publishing Eliza's father's works in twelve volumes in 1847–1849.
174:
As a hostess, Madame de Condorcet was popular for her kind heart, beauty, and indifference to a person's class or social origins. Unlike that of her fellow-
981:
369:
1102:
Captives de l'amour, d'après des documents inédits; lettres intimes de Sophie de Condorcet, d'Aimée de Coigny et de quelques autres cœurs sensibles
1331:
934:
453:
Brigitte Emilie Fernande O'Connor (1880–1948) married 1904 comte (Rene Thomas Ernest) François de La Tour du Pin (1878–1914, killed at the
268:
and many French philosophers. This salon played an important role in the rise of the Girondin movement that stressed the rights of women.
735:
741:
236:, opposite the Louvre, and later at the Rue de Lille in Paris, that was attended by, among many others, many foreign visitors including
1321:
900:
705:
253:
1326:
1140:
Karin Brown, "Sophie Grouchy de Condorcet on Moral Sympathy and Social Progress" (Dissertation, City University of New York, 1997).
951:
1306:
1169:
771:
419:
214:
800:
de Lagrave, Jean-Paul (2004). "Sophie de Condorcet, l'égérie du bonheur" [Sophie de condorcet, the muse of happiness].
167:, between 1815 and 1821, she maintained her own identity and was well-connected and influential before, during, and after the
673:
543:
220:
In 1786 Sophie de Grouchy married the famous mathematician and philosopher Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de
1202:
772:"Sophie de Grouchy, marquise de Condorcet | List of political and feminist economists | Political & Feminist Economists"
159:, and again from 1799 until her death in 1822. She was also a philosopher and the wife of the mathematician and philosopher
1316:
404:
1214:
Contains Condorcet's Sketch for an Historical Picture of the Advances of the Human Mind, lightly edited for easier reading
1187:
a full description of Sophie's childhood and encouragement to study, in French. (The same history can also be viewed here
823:
245:
241:
874:
1264:
599:
480:
Fernand O'Connor (1847–1905) who was a brigade general and served in Africa. He was a Knight of the Legion of Honour.
1246:
from Project Gutenberg. A fictional work that mentions Madame de Condorcet and her family and circle several times.
848:
659:
283:(who visited Paris from 1791 to 1793) and de Gouges; the latter for certain attended Madame de Condorcet's salons.
734:
837:
1336:
1311:
233:
507:
380:
1218:
1185:
1267:
LCCN 96-24748. Describes Sophie's salon, her husband's political views, and their strong relationship.
356:
423:
391:
De Condorcet remained active as a salon hostess, and in promoting her late husband's political views.
209:
was the daughter of François-Jacques de Grouchy, 1st Marquis de Grouchy (born 1715), a former page of
1188:
1150:
Karin Brown, "Sophie de Grouchy, Letters on Sympathy (1798)." Letters translated by James McClellan.
467:
454:
299:
continue to write while in hiding. During this period, 1793–1794, he composed his most famous work—
1145:
French Salons: High Society and Political Sociability from the Old Regime to the Revolution of 1848
441:
190:, which was published in 1798. She was also an influential translator of and commenter on works by
998:
931:
578:
163:, who died during the Reign of Terror. Despite his death and the exile of her brother, Marshal
1179:
1054:
914:
411:, in County Cork). At 44 (more than twice her age), he was almost as old as Eliza's mother.
1301:
1296:
160:
112:
450:
Elisabeth O’Connor, called Jane by her uncle Fernand; she married Alexandre de La Taulotte
265:
8:
280:
257:
164:
1196:
955:
919:, iUniverse, 2009 – 340 pages. See p. 182 for marriage date and ages of bride and groom
444:(1911–1975). Arthur's younger daughter has many living descendants through both sons.
368:, and was finally able to revive her salon at the former home of another salon hostess
343:
was obliged to open a shop to survive, and put aside her writing and translation work.
1260:
894:
699:
560:
539:
168:
152:
99:
64:
1280:
1175:
Contains Sophie de Grouchy's Letters on Sympathy, lightly edited for easier reading
1056:
Arthur O'Connor: The Most Important Irish Revolutionary You May Never Have Heard Of
916:
Arthur O'Connor: The Most Important Irish Revolutionary You May Never Have Heard Of
809:
272:
261:
237:
183:
680:
603:
938:
447:
Arthur O'Connor (1844–1909) md 1878 Marguerite de Ganay (1859–1940), 2 daughters
326:
Madame de Condorcet had his last works published posthumously, starting with the
156:
1191:
414:
He was later called General Condorcet-O'Connor, and achieved some standing with
1107:
373:
291:
535:
A Republic of Sympathy: Sophie de Grouchy's Politics and Philosophy, 1785-1815
460:
Aymar de la Tour du Pin. Marquis de la Tour du Pin-Chambly (1906–1979) md Pss
1290:
1231:
730:
179:
878:
626:
1249:
1201:
Sophie de Condorcet's comment to Napoleon on the role of women in politics
408:
191:
813:
1243:
1239:
1114:
1081:
Les femmes illustres de la France : Madame de Condorcet (1764–1822)
852:
379:
De Condorcet worked with her brother-in-law, the philosopher and doctor
745:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 852.
351:
249:
195:
514:(Winter 2019 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
347:
286:
221:
175:
1137:, 189 Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century 297–361 (1980).
1095:
La marquise de Condorcet: sa famille, son salon, ses amis, 1764–1822
1032:
350:
of the year II (July 1794), de Condorcet published a translation of
32:
415:
210:
182:, Madame de Condorcet's salon always included other women, notably
1213:
1174:
461:
232:
After her marriage, Madame de Condorcet started a famous salon at
736:"Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de"
305:
Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind
246:
David Murray, 7th Viscount Stormont (later 2nd Earl of Mansfield)
1074:
Sophie de Grouchy, marquise de Condorcet : la dame de cœur
301:
Esquisse d'un Tableau Historique des Progrès de l'Esprit Humain
140:
60:
609:
561:"Review of "City of Darkness, City of Light" by Marge Piercy"
337:
277:
Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen
346:
After the end of the Jacobin Terror a few months later in
652:"Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de CARITAT, marquis de CONDORCET"
1121:
Madame de Condorcet; ses amis et ses amours, 1764–1822
621:
619:
646:
644:
1270:
435:
Children of Arthur O'Connor and Elisa de Condorcet:
418:. By a strange coincidence, Eliza's maternal uncle,
386:
1147:. The Johns Hopkins University Press (8 March 2004)
927:
925:
616:
1088:Sophie de Condorcet, femme des Lumières, 1764–1822
795:
793:
791:
789:
641:
598:
287:Proscription and death of the Marquis de Condorcet
988:t, RĹŤrahi V, Putanga 218, 29 Pipiri 1877, Page 7]
849:"SEARC'S WEB GUIDE - Arthur O'Connor (1763-1852)"
1288:
922:
1135:The Feminism of Condorcet and Sophie de Grouchy
786:
1083:, Paris, P. Boulinier, Librairie Moderne, 1897
558:
440:(1880–1948) was the mother of the French poet
760:. Harvard University Press. pp. 487–491.
1219:Account of Condorcet's last months and death
143:– 8 September 1822 in Paris), also known as
470:(1911–1975), who married and left children.
397:
799:
31:
1259:New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1996.
338:Translations and the revival of the salon
296:The Life and Death of Mary Wollstonecraft
1090:, Paris, Presses de la Renaissance, 1988
729:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
512:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
457:). They had two sons and one daughter.
422:, had commanded the army forces in the
127: 1786; died 1794)
1289:
1225:
1163:
899:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
755:
704:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
531:
505:
360:(1759) in 1798, adding eight letters,
1022:in the Pittsburgh Press, 21 June 1903
712:
774:. Politicalandfeministeconomists.com
758:Utopian Thought in the Western World
532:Illert, Kathleen McCrudden (2024).
376:(Guillois 1897, pp. 94, 177).
242:Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope
13:
14:
1348:
1332:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
1322:18th-century French women writers
1197:A portrait of Sophie de Condorcet
1158:
387:Life during the Napoleonic regime
1273:
1238:in two volumes, published 1854:
1115:available from Project Gutenberg
1327:People of the French Revolution
1255:City of Darkness, City of Light
1047:
1025:
1013:
991:
975:
944:
907:
867:
841:
830:
764:
749:
124:
1307:People from Meulan-en-Yvelines
1152:American Philosophical Society
982:NEWS BY THE SAN FRANCISCO MAIL
666:
592:
571:
552:
538:. Cambridge University Press.
525:
499:
464:(1909–2001), and had children.
207:Marie-Louise-Sophie de Grouchy
47:Marie-Louise-Sophie de Grouchy
1:
1127:
941:. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
756:Manuel, Frank Edward (1979).
510:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
492:
485:two other sons, two daughters
309:Avis d'un Proscrit Ă sa Fille
201:
1207:
1104:, Paris, C. Gaillandre, 1933
1097:, Paris, P. Ollendorff, 1897
1066:
1033:"Irish historical portraits"
605:Condorcet, sa vie, son Ĺ“uvre
424:abortive invasion of Ireland
227:
7:
1317:18th-century French writers
1112:Les Femmes de la RĂ©volution
381:Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis
252:, the Marquis de Beccaria,
234:HĂ´tel des Monnaies in Paris
10:
1353:
1001:. Geni.com. 19 August 2008
970:François de La Tour du Pin
357:Theory of Moral Sentiments
1072:Madeleine Arnold-TĂ©tard,
937:11 September 2020 at the
656:www.academie-francaise.fr
579:"The Letters on Sympathy"
506:Berges, Sandrine (2019),
468:Patrice de La Tour du Pin
442:Patrice de la Tour du Pin
264:, the writer and hostess
155:hostess from 1789 to the
151:, was a prominent French
106:
95:
87:
71:
42:
30:
23:
1076:, Paris, Christian, 2003
473:Philis de la Tour du Pin
398:Eliza Condorcet-O'Connor
362:Lettres sur la Sympathie
311:for his young daughter.
742:Encyclopædia Britannica
559:Vicki Kondelik (1997).
366:Éloges des Academiciens
188:The Letters on Sympathy
1180:Bibliography on Sophie
627:"Marquis de Condorcet"
600:Robinet, Jean-François
565:www-personal.umich.edu
407:(1763/5-1852, born in
275:who had published the
240:, British aristocrats
1123:, Paris, Perrin, 1950
952:"- Un peu d'histoire"
814:10.3406/dhs.2004.2597
1337:French marchionesses
1312:French salon-holders
1053:Clifford D. Conner.
913:Clifford D. Conner.
881:on 27 September 2010
586:earlymoderntexts.com
462:Maximilienne de Croy
161:Nicolas de Condorcet
113:Nicolas de Condorcet
16:French salon hostess
1226:Cultural references
1164:Sophie de Condorcet
958:on 17 December 2013
802:Dix-Huitième Siècle
508:"Sophie de Grouchy"
455:Battle of the Marne
281:Mary Wollstonecraft
258:Pierre Beaumarchais
215:Emmanuel de Grouchy
165:Emmanuel de Grouchy
149:Madame de Condorcet
137:Sophie de Condorcet
91:Madame de Condorcet
37:Sophie de Condorcet
1170:Sophie's biography
1093:Antoine Guillois,
260:, the pamphleteer
147:and best known as
1133:Barbara Brookes,
1119:Henri Valentino,
1086:Thierry Boissel,
999:"Daniel O'Connor"
986:New Zealand Table
932:"Arthur O'Connor"
545:978-1-009-48244-8
307:). He also wrote
266:Germaine de Staël
169:French Revolution
145:Sophie de Grouchy
134:
133:
25:Sophie de Grouchy
1344:
1283:
1281:Biography portal
1278:
1277:
1276:
1060:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1029:
1023:
1020:Newspaper report
1017:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
995:
989:
979:
973:
967:
965:
963:
954:. Archived from
948:
942:
929:
920:
911:
905:
904:
898:
890:
888:
886:
877:. Archived from
871:
865:
864:
862:
860:
851:. Archived from
845:
839:
834:
828:
827:
822:
797:
784:
783:
781:
779:
768:
762:
761:
753:
747:
746:
738:
727:
710:
709:
703:
695:
693:
691:
685:
679:. Archived from
678:
670:
664:
663:
662:on 14 June 2007.
658:. Archived from
648:
639:
638:
636:
634:
623:
614:
613:
596:
590:
589:
583:
575:
569:
568:
556:
550:
549:
529:
523:
522:
521:
519:
503:
370:Madame Helvétius
273:Olympe de Gouges
262:Olympe de Gouges
248:, the economist
238:Thomas Jefferson
184:Olympe de Gouges
128:
126:
88:Other names
78:
75:8 September 1822
56:
54:
35:
21:
20:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1228:
1210:
1166:
1161:
1130:
1100:Charles LĂ©ger,
1069:
1064:
1063:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1004:
1002:
997:
996:
992:
980:
976:
961:
959:
950:
949:
945:
939:Wayback Machine
930:
923:
912:
908:
892:
891:
884:
882:
875:"Archived copy"
873:
872:
868:
858:
856:
855:on 14 July 2007
847:
846:
842:
835:
831:
820:
798:
787:
777:
775:
770:
769:
765:
754:
750:
728:
713:
697:
696:
689:
687:
683:
676:
674:"Archived copy"
672:
671:
667:
650:
649:
642:
632:
630:
625:
624:
617:
597:
593:
581:
577:
576:
572:
557:
553:
546:
530:
526:
517:
515:
504:
500:
495:
405:Arthur O'Connor
400:
389:
340:
289:
230:
204:
157:Reign of Terror
130:
122:
118:
115:
83:
80:
76:
67:
58:
52:
50:
49:
48:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1350:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1285:
1284:
1269:
1268:
1247:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1183:
1177:
1172:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1159:External links
1157:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1108:Jules Michelet
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1046:
1024:
1012:
990:
974:
943:
921:
906:
866:
840:
829:
785:
763:
748:
733:, ed. (1911).
731:Chisholm, Hugh
711:
686:on 9 June 2011
665:
640:
615:
612:. p. 332.
591:
570:
551:
544:
524:
497:
496:
494:
491:
487:
486:
483:
482:
481:
478:
477:
476:
475:
474:
471:
465:
451:
426:of 1796–1797.
399:
396:
388:
385:
339:
336:
292:Claire Tomalin
288:
285:
229:
226:
203:
200:
132:
131:
120:
116:
111:
110:
108:
104:
103:
97:
96:Known for
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
79:(aged 58)
73:
69:
68:
59:
46:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1349:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1282:
1271:
1266:
1265:0-449-91268-X
1262:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1234:, 1776–1852,
1233:
1230:
1229:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1143:Steven Kale,
1142:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1035:. Gaelart.net
1034:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1000:
994:
987:
983:
978:
971:
957:
953:
947:
940:
936:
933:
928:
926:
918:
917:
910:
902:
896:
880:
876:
870:
854:
850:
844:
838:
833:
825:
819:
815:
811:
807:
804:(in French).
803:
796:
794:
792:
790:
773:
767:
759:
752:
744:
743:
737:
732:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
707:
701:
682:
675:
669:
661:
657:
653:
647:
645:
628:
622:
620:
611:
608:(in French).
607:
606:
601:
595:
587:
580:
574:
566:
562:
555:
547:
541:
537:
536:
528:
513:
509:
502:
498:
490:
484:
479:
472:
469:
466:
463:
459:
458:
456:
452:
449:
448:
446:
445:
443:
438:
437:
436:
433:
430:
427:
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
395:
392:
384:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
358:
353:
349:
344:
335:
333:
329:
324:
320:
316:
312:
310:
306:
302:
297:
293:
284:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
256:, the writer
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
225:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:Madame Roland
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
114:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:Paris, France
74:
70:
66:
62:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1253:
1250:Marge Piercy
1235:
1151:
1144:
1134:
1120:
1111:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1079:M. d’Arvor,
1073:
1055:
1049:
1037:. Retrieved
1027:
1015:
1003:. Retrieved
993:
985:
977:
960:. Retrieved
956:the original
946:
915:
909:
883:. Retrieved
879:the original
869:
857:. Retrieved
853:the original
843:
832:
808:(1): 87–98.
805:
801:
776:. Retrieved
766:
757:
751:
740:
688:. Retrieved
681:the original
668:
660:the original
655:
631:. Retrieved
604:
594:
585:
573:
564:
554:
534:
527:
516:, retrieved
511:
501:
488:
434:
431:
428:
413:
409:Mitchelstown
401:
393:
390:
378:
365:
361:
355:
345:
341:
331:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
300:
295:
290:
270:
231:
219:
206:
205:
192:Thomas Paine
187:
173:
148:
144:
136:
135:
77:(1822-09-08)
57:8 April 1764
18:
1302:1822 deaths
1297:1764 births
1005:17 December
962:29 December
778:17 December
633:17 December
1291:Categories
1232:Sophie Gay
1221:in French.
1154:98, pt. 4.
1128:In English
629:. Nndb.com
493:References
352:Adam Smith
250:Adam Smith
202:Background
196:Adam Smith
53:1764-04-08
1208:Condorcet
1190:and here
1067:In French
348:Thermidor
334:in 1795.
228:The salon
222:Condorcet
176:Girondist
139:(1764 in
1244:volume 2
1240:volume 1
1039:15 April
935:Archived
895:cite web
859:15 April
824:17200149
700:cite web
416:Napoleon
211:Louis XV
178:hostess
1236:Ellenor
885:13 July
588:. 1798.
518:8 March
420:Grouchy
374:Auteuil
332:Equisse
129:
121:
117:
102:hostess
1263:
1059:p. 185
821:
690:18 May
542:
328:Sketch
254:Turgot
141:Meulan
107:Spouse
65:France
61:Meulan
836:here
818:INIST
684:(PDF)
677:(PDF)
610:Paris
582:(PDF)
153:salon
123:(
119:
100:salon
1261:ISBN
1242:and
1041:2022
1007:2013
964:2012
901:link
887:2007
861:2022
780:2013
706:link
692:2010
635:2013
540:ISBN
520:2022
194:and
72:Died
43:Born
810:doi
372:at
354:'s
330:or
294:'s
1293::
1252:.
1110:,
984:.
972:."
924:^
897:}}
893:{{
816:.
806:36
788:^
739:.
714:^
702:}}
698:{{
654:.
643:^
618:^
602:.
584:.
563:.
244:,
217:.
198:.
171:.
125:m.
63:,
1257:.
1193:)
1182:.
1043:.
1009:.
966:.
903:)
889:.
863:.
826:.
812::
782:.
708:)
694:.
637:.
567:.
548:.
303:(
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
