44:
354:. The court also determined that the opinion was internally inconsistent because although it held that euthanasia can be allowed only by an act of the legislature, it then proceeded to judicially establish euthanasia guidelines. The court referred the issue to a larger Constitution Bench for resolution, writing:
372:
Pinki Virani's lawyer, Shubhangi Tulli, decided not to file an appeal, saying "the two-judge ruling was final till the SC decided to constitute a larger bench to re-examine the issue." Pinki Virani said, "Because of this woman who has never received justice, no other person in a similar position will
368:
Following the
Supreme Court decision rejecting the plea, the nursing staff at the hospital—who had opposed the petition and had been looking after Shanbaug since she had lapsed into a vegetative state—distributed sweets and cut a cake to celebrate what they termed her "rebirth". A senior nurse at the
243:
attempted to track down
Sohanlal; she believes that Sohanlal changed his name after leaving prison but continued to work in a Delhi hospital, and since neither the King Edward Memorial Hospital nor the court that tried Sohanlal kept a file photo of him, Virani's search failed. Other reports claimed
327:
We do not mean to decry or disparage what Ms. Pinki Virani has done. Rather, we wish to express our appreciation of the splendid social spirit she has shown. We have seen on the internet that she has been espousing many social causes, and we hold her in high esteem. All that we wish to say is that
262:
When interviewed, Sohanlal described his version of the assault, claiming it had been committed in a "fit of rage" and that he had no clear recollection of when it had taken place or what he may have done, though he denied raping her and said that it "must have been someone else". Sohanlal, then a
358:
In view of the inconsistent opinions rendered in Aruna
Shanbaug (supra) and also considering the important question of law involved which needs to be reflected in the light of social, legal, medical and constitutional perspective, it becomes extremely important to have a clear enunciation of law.
332:
Since the KEM Hospital staff wished that Aruna
Shanbaug be allowed to live, Virani's petition to withdraw life support was declined. However, the court further stipulated that the KEM hospital staff, with the approval of the Bombay High Court, had the option of withdrawing life support if they
235:
Sohanlal
Bhartha Valmiki was caught and convicted of assault and robbery, and he served two concurrent seven-year sentences, being released in 1980. He was not convicted of rape, sexual molestation, or unnatural sexual offense, the last of which could have been punished with life imprisonment.
319:
the decision to withdraw treatment, nutrition, or water—establish that the decision to discontinue life support must be taken by parents, spouse, or other close relatives, or in the absence of them, by a "next friend". The decision also requires court approval.
259:. He was found to be still living, married with a family, and working as a labourer and cleaner in a power station. After his release from prison, he returned to his ancestral village of Dadupur in western Uttar Pradesh before moving to Parpa in the late 1980s.
369:
hospital later said, "We have to tend to her just like a small child at home. She only keeps aging like any of us, does not create any problems for us. We take turns looking after her and we love to care for her. How can anybody think of taking her life?"
263:
hospital janitor, had a difficult relationship with
Shanbaug, his superior. He says that "there was an argument and a physical fight" when Shanbaug refused to give him leave to visit his ill mother-in-law and said that she would report him for poor work.
308:. On 24 January 2011, a three-member medical panel was established under the Supreme Court's directive. After examining Shanbaug, the panel concluded that she met "most of the criteria of being in a permanent vegetative state".
337:
However, assuming that the KEM hospital staff at some future time changes its mind, in our opinion in such a situation the KEM hospital would have to apply to the Bombay High Court for approval of the decision to withdraw life
214:
On 27 November 1973, Shanbaug, then 25 years old, was sexually assaulted by a male sweeper on contract at the King Edward
Memorial Hospital. The attack occurred while she was changing clothes in the hospital basement. He
1271:
1438:
947:
385:. She was moved to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) of the hospital and put on a ventilator. She died the morning of 18 May 2015. Her funeral was performed by the hospital nurses and other staff members.
303:
On 17 December 2010, the
Supreme Court, while admitting the plea to end the life made by activist-journalist Pinki Virani, sought a report on Shanbaug's medical condition from the hospital in Mumbai and the
696:
199:
1140:
807:
782:
155:, Shanbaug was sexually assaulted by a hospital janitor, and remained in a vegetative state following the assault. On 24 January 2011, after Shanbaug had been in this state for 37 years, the
1030:
1116:
656:
282:(BMC) made two attempts to move Shanbaug outside the KEM Hospital to free the bed she had been occupying for seven years. KEM nurses launched a protest, and the BMC abandoned the plan.
839:
1327:
634:
1293:
1362:
328:
however much her interest in Aruna
Shanbaug may be it cannot match the involvement of the KEM hospital staff who have been taking care of Aruna day and night for 38 years.
2005:
1511:
1263:
726:
605:
1949:
1448:
939:
359:
Thus, in our cogent opinion, the question of law involved requires careful consideration by a
Constitution Bench of this Court for the benefit of humanity as a whole.
323:
In its judgement, the court declined to recognize Virani as the "next friend" of Aruna Shanbaug, and instead treated the KEM hospital staff as the "next friend."
686:
1150:
759:
1471:
2299:
1416:
969:
817:
792:
1943:
1040:
1126:
1094:
664:
1562:
2117:
847:
545:
2375:
1858:
167:, setting up a medical panel to examine her. The court rejected the petition on 7 March 2011. However, in its landmark opinion, it allowed
1500:
1231:
1805:
1323:
630:
1301:
575:
247:
Shortly after Shanbaug's death was announced, however, Sohanlal was tracked down by Mumbai-based journalist Dnyanesh Chavan from the
1529:
1350:
2365:
17:
2370:
2355:
2162:
2039:
1180:
984:
514:
279:
1202:
2082:
1969:
909:
597:
2132:
718:
1264:"Common Cause (A Regd. Society) v. Union of India – (2014) 5 SCC 338 [Euthanasia reference to Constitution Bench]"
2107:
1555:
2112:
2087:
2072:
483:
1062:
877:
751:
2077:
1725:
1475:
2294:
1408:
466:
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2097:
1912:
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1016:
445:
was released, which is loosely based on this case. The role of Sheetal, Shanbaug's stand-in, is portrayed by
2345:
2067:
1571:
278:
demanding improved conditions for Shanbaug and better working conditions for themselves. In the 1980s, the
2092:
2032:
1922:
311:
On 7 March 2011, the Supreme Court, in a landmark judgement, issued a set of broad guidelines legalizing
297:
1979:
132:(1 June 1948 – 18 May 2015), was an Indian nurse who was at the centre of attention in a court case on
1084:
223:
her. This cut off oxygen to her brain, resulting in a brain stem contusion, cervical cord injury, and
2325:
1881:
1732:
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305:
168:
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Since then, he was fired from his job, and his sons disowned their father after learning the truth.
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1999:
434:
2273:
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2197:
2142:
1994:
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537:
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2152:
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1755:
1505:
1238:
156:
2207:
2177:
1974:
1810:
1795:
1010:
1864:
1384:
397:
was written about the case by Pinki Virani in 1998. Duttakumar Desai wrote the Marathi play
2335:
2278:
2253:
2222:
2187:
2102:
989:
940:"Aruna Shanbaug's assailant is alive. I want to seek forgiveness from her and God, he says"
567:
343:
840:"Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v. Union Of India [2011 (4) SCC 454] (Euthanasia case)"
8:
1989:
1738:
291:
206:. At the time of the attack, she was engaged to a doctor employed at the same hospital.
2217:
1959:
1902:
1845:
1684:
1443:
1358:
1172:
1145:
1121:
1035:
812:
787:
691:
506:
346:, a three-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India said that the prior opinion in the
312:
224:
2192:
2172:
1954:
1907:
1765:
1760:
1694:
1614:
899:
479:
462:
1609:
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2182:
2167:
1851:
1840:
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1800:
1750:
1744:
423:
248:
137:
178:
on 18 May 2015, after being in a persistent vegetative state for nearly 42 years.
2137:
1932:
1917:
1785:
1775:
1674:
1599:
121:
478:, by Pinki Virani, 1998, Translator: Meena Karnik. Mehta Publishing House. 1998
350:
case was based on a wrong interpretation of the Constitution Bench's opinion in
1927:
1892:
1887:
1689:
1679:
1664:
1619:
1389:
413:
2314:
2258:
2248:
2227:
2157:
2048:
1964:
1790:
1699:
1639:
1604:
446:
275:
256:
216:
191:
1232:"Supreme Court decision on Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug versus Union of India"
401:
in 1994–95, which was performed at college level and subsequently staged by
1897:
1820:
1669:
1659:
240:
164:
144:
91:
1649:
1517:
1054:
99:
869:
1770:
1654:
1644:
1594:
1540:
402:
160:
133:
1984:
1089:
382:
195:
175:
111:
72:
507:"Aruna Shanbaug: Brain-damaged India nurse dies 42 years after rape"
227:. She was discovered at 7:45 am the following morning by a cleaner.
1521:
1058:
904:
187:
68:
631:"1973 Sexual Assault Victim Aruna Shanbaug passes away in Mumbai"
43:
2017:
2243:
1780:
1324:"Funeral of Aruna Shanbaug performed at KEM Hospital in Mumbai"
1141:"'Aruna Shanbaug's brain shrivelled after 1973 sexual assault'"
568:"India joins select nations in legalising "passive euthanasia""
419:
203:
152:
95:
1501:
Court ruling, Aruna Shanbaug vs. Union of India, 7 March 2011
148:
1530:"Aruna Shanbaug case: Supreme Court rejects euthanasia plea"
186:
Aruna Shanbaug was born in a Konkani Brahmin family 1948 in
1533:
459:
Aruna's Story: the true account of a rape and its aftermath
220:
2006:
Greenberg v. Miami Children's Hospital Research Institute
381:
A few days before her death, Shanbaug was diagnosed with
687:"KEM Hospital celebrates Aruna Shanbaug's 64th birthday"
373:
have to suffer for more than three and a half decades."
1203:"India's Supreme Court lays out euthanasia guidelines"
970:"Sohanlal loses job but village calls off ouster move"
846:. Supreme Court of India. 7 March 2011. Archived from
657:"KEM nurses, dean celebrate Aruna Shanbaug's birthday"
342:
On 25 February 2014, while hearing a PIL filed by NGO
1085:"Judges consider comatose rape victim's right to die"
752:"Rebirth for Aruna, say joyous Mumbai hospital staff"
2300:
Violence against women during the Partition of India
1518:"India court admits plea to end life of rape victim"
1472:"Gauthami Nair as Aruna Shanbaug in maram peyyumpol"
1173:"India court rejects Aruna Shanbaug euthanasia plea"
1055:"India court admits plea to end life of rape victim"
997:(13). Archived from the original on 25 November 2009
1294:"Because of Aruna, no one else will have to suffer"
255:to his father-in-law's village of Parpa in western
1439:"Now, a film on rape victim Aruna Shanbaug's life"
937:
315:in India. These guidelines for passive euthanasia—
244:he had subsequently died of AIDS or tuberculosis.
2312:
1944:Moore v. Regents of the University of California
598:"Raped Indian nurse dies after 42 years in coma"
719:"KEM celebrates Aruna Shanbaug's 65th birthday"
274:Following the attack, nurses in Mumbai went on
1385:"Aruna's story is now a play at Sahitya Sangh"
1226:
1224:
976:
2118:2020 Patna-Bhabua Intercity Express gang rape
2033:
1556:
590:
535:
1859:Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital
1270:. Supreme Court of India. 24 February 2014.
933:
931:
929:
927:
143:In 1973, while working as a junior nurse at
1221:
501:
499:
2040:
2026:
1955:Medical Experimentation on Black Americans
1563:
1549:
42:
924:
1893:Albert Kligman's dermatology experiments
1570:
1237:. Supreme Court of India. Archived from
1195:
1023:
496:
441:In June 2020, the Ullu web series named
432:Aruna's story was also portrayed in the
416:in 1985 based on Aruna Shanbaug's case.
2163:Geeta and Sanjay Chopra kidnapping case
1950:Surgery to try to improve mental health
1512:Pinki Virani's Interview - 13 June 2008
1348:
1342:
625:
623:
280:Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai
14:
2313:
2083:2013 Kamduni gang rape and murder case
1469:
780:
729:from the original on 21 September 2022
27:Indian legal case regarding euthanasia
2133:2024 Kolkata rape and murder incident
2021:
1544:
1402:
1400:
1326:. news.biharprabha.com. 18 May 2015.
982:
805:
633:. news.biharprabha.com. 18 May 2015.
388:
285:
239:Journalist and human rights activist
1365:from the original on 2 December 2009
799:
746:
744:
699:from the original on 10 January 2017
620:
2376:Incidents of violence against women
2108:2019 Hyderabad gang rape and murder
1406:
1165:
1117:"Team to look into Euthanasia plea"
892:
781:Virani, Pinki (10 September 2003).
774:
300:from 1973 until her death in 2015.
24:
1409:"Shanbaug's death evokes sympathy"
1397:
1149:. 28 February 2011. Archived from
1065:from the original on 13 March 2011
938:Chatterjee, Pritha (29 May 2015).
912:from the original on 23 March 2018
783:"Aruna is still on our conscience"
578:from the original on 11 March 2011
452:
412:, was written by popular novelist
136:after spending over 41 years in a
25:
2387:
2113:2020 Hathras gang rape and murder
2088:2014 Badaun gang rape allegations
2073:2009 Shopian rape and murder case
2047:
1494:
1419:from the original on 15 June 2020
1349:Shahane, Devayani (23 May 2002).
1183:from the original on 7 March 2011
1125:. 25 January 2011. Archived from
1097:from the original on 29 June 2011
762:from the original on 28 June 2011
741:
269:
140:as a result of a sexual assault.
1330:from the original on 21 May 2015
1274:from the original on 19 May 2015
983:Surya, Vasantha (20 June 1998).
950:from the original on 30 May 2015
880:from the original on 8 June 2020
637:from the original on 18 May 2015
608:from the original on 19 May 2015
548:from the original on 23 May 2015
517:from the original on 18 May 2015
461:, by Pinki Virani. Viking, 1998
2366:Violence against women in India
2078:2012 Delhi gang rape and murder
1726:Betancourt v. Trinitas Hospital
1463:
1431:
1377:
1316:
1286:
1256:
1133:
1109:
1077:
1047:
962:
870:"Indian Penal Code Section 377"
862:
832:
198:. She worked as a nurse at the
2371:Deaths from pneumonia in India
2356:Medical controversies in India
2295:Human rights abuses in Kashmir
1970:Radioactive iodine experiments
1300:. 7 March 2011. Archived from
1039:. 8 March 2011. Archived from
711:
679:
649:
560:
529:
230:
13:
1:
2098:2015 Kandhamal gang rape case
1913:Guatemala syphilis experiment
1474:. Dcbooks.com. Archived from
900:"The rapes that India forgot"
663:. 2 June 2011. Archived from
538:"Review: Ten Minutes To Hell"
489:
200:King Edward Memorial Hospital
145:King Edward Memorial Hospital
2068:1991 Kunan Poshpora incident
352:Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab
181:
7:
2093:2014 Birbhum gang rape case
1923:Human radiation experiments
1061:, Delhi. 17 December 2009.
806:Kurup, Saira (7 May 2006).
363:
10:
2392:
1980:Stanford prison experiment
1524:, Delhi. 17 December 2009.
1031:"Aruna Shanbaug: Timeline"
408:A Gujarati fiction novel,
393:A non-fiction book titled
289:
2287:
2236:
2055:
1882:Abdullahi v. Pfizer, Inc.
1873:
1829:
1733:Commonwealth v. Twitchell
1713:
1628:
1590:Betty and George Coumbias
1578:
1015:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
808:"Four women India forgot"
422:played Aruna in the 2014
306:government of Maharashtra
219:her with a dog chain and
209:
130:Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug
117:
107:
80:
55:Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug
50:
41:
34:
2123:2022 Hyderabad gang rape
2000:Willowbrook State School
376:
159:responded to a plea for
18:Sohanlal Bhartha Walmiki
2264:Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh
2203:Phulmoni Dasi rape case
2198:Murder of Hannah Foster
2143:Anjana Mishra rape case
1995:Tuskegee Syphilis Study
1938:Joseph Gilbert Hamilton
1717:parent/patient/guardian
1715:Medical opinion against
296:Shanbaug remained in a
2213:Shakti Mills gang rape
2153:Ayesha Miran rape case
2128:2023 IIT-BHU gang rape
2063:1990 Bantala rape case
1756:Archie Battersbee case
1506:Supreme Court of India
361:
340:
330:
157:Supreme Court of India
2208:Ruchika Girhotra case
2178:Jhabua nuns rape case
1975:Skid Row Cancer Study
1811:Spiro Nikolouzos case
1796:Joseph Maraachli case
356:
335:
325:
2321:1973 crimes in India
2279:Kuldeep Singh Sengar
2254:Dhananjoy Chatterjee
2223:Suryanelli rape case
2188:Kiliroor sex scandal
2103:2017 Unnao rape case
1990:Plutonium injections
1572:Medical ethics cases
1093:. 18 December 2009.
604:. Associated Press.
333:changed their mind:
163:filed by journalist
2346:Health law in India
2148:Aruna Shanbaug case
1816:Aruna Shanbaug case
1739:Mordechai Dov Brody
1129:on 5 November 2012.
1043:on 5 November 2012.
985:"A cautionary tale"
536:Malavika Karlekar.
438:series of Sony TV.
292:Euthanasia in India
108:Cause of death
2218:Soumya murder case
2158:Bhanwari Devi case
1960:Milgram experiment
1903:Deep sleep therapy
1865:Christiane Völling
1846:Gillick competence
1451:on 2 December 2013
1444:The Times of India
1359:The Times of India
1351:"Rape and Reality"
1244:on 10 January 2017
1146:The Times of India
1122:The Times of India
1036:The Times of India
990:Frontline Magazine
908:. 5 January 2013.
813:The Times of India
788:The Times of India
692:The Times of India
389:In popular culture
313:passive euthanasia
286:Supreme Court case
225:cortical blindness
169:passive euthanasia
2308:
2307:
2237:Convicted rapists
2193:Mathura rape case
2173:Jalgaon rape case
2015:
2014:
1766:Tirhas Habtegiris
1761:Charlie Gard case
1695:Karen Ann Quinlan
1615:Piergiorgio Welby
972:. Times of India.
174:Shanbaug died of
127:
126:
16:(Redirected from
2383:
2326:2011 in case law
2274:Swami Premananda
2269:Santosh Madhavan
2183:Kathua rape case
2168:Imrana rape case
2042:
2035:
2028:
2019:
2018:
1841:Ashley Treatment
1831:Informed consent
1801:Jahi McMath case
1751:Alfie Evans case
1745:Lantz v. Coleman
1565:
1558:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1525:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1447:. Archived from
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1304:on 10 March 2011
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1236:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1179:. 7 March 2011.
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1006:
1004:
1002:
980:
974:
973:
966:
960:
959:
957:
955:
935:
922:
921:
919:
917:
896:
890:
889:
887:
885:
866:
860:
859:
857:
855:
836:
830:
829:
827:
825:
820:on 23 March 2012
816:. Archived from
803:
797:
796:
795:on 5 March 2011.
791:. Archived from
778:
772:
771:
769:
767:
758:. 7 March 2011.
748:
739:
738:
736:
734:
715:
709:
708:
706:
704:
683:
677:
676:
674:
672:
653:
647:
646:
644:
642:
627:
618:
617:
615:
613:
594:
588:
587:
585:
583:
574:. 7 March 2011.
564:
558:
557:
555:
553:
533:
527:
526:
524:
522:
503:
477:
474:(Aruna's story)
298:vegetative state
138:vegetative state
87:
64:
62:
46:
32:
31:
21:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2351:Indian case law
2341:Crime in Mumbai
2311:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2283:
2232:
2138:Ajmer rape case
2051:
2046:
2016:
2011:
1933:Jesse Gelsinger
1918:Henrietta Lacks
1869:
1833:
1825:
1806:Sarah Murnaghan
1786:Ashya King case
1776:Sun Hudson case
1718:
1716:
1709:
1675:Vincent Lambert
1632:
1630:
1624:
1600:Giovanni Nuvoli
1583:
1581:
1574:
1569:
1536:. 7 March 2011.
1528:
1516:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1478:on 4 March 2016
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1405:
1398:
1393:. 3 April 2002.
1383:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1298:Hindustan Times
1292:
1291:
1287:
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1261:
1257:
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1234:
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1212:
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1201:
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1156:
1154:
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1138:
1134:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1008:
1007:
1000:
998:
981:
977:
968:
967:
963:
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951:
936:
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915:
913:
898:
897:
893:
883:
881:
868:
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863:
853:
851:
838:
837:
833:
823:
821:
804:
800:
779:
775:
765:
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1660:Baby Doe Law
1504:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:the original
1470:deepu says.
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1239:the original
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602:The Guardian
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476:(in Marathi)
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92:KEM Hospital
86:(2015-05-18)
29:
2336:2015 deaths
1650:Paul Brophy
1631:Withholding
1629:Euthanasia/
1413:The Pioneer
231:Perpetrator
100:Maharashtra
84:18 May 2015
65:1 June 1948
2315:Categories
1771:Rom Houben
1655:Carol Carr
1645:Tony Bland
1595:Dax Cowart
1369:22 January
1355:Pune Times
1001:22 January
824:25 October
490:References
467:0140277625
410:Jad Chetan
403:Vinay Apte
290:See also:
171:in India.
161:euthanasia
134:euthanasia
118:Occupation
61:1948-06-01
1985:Study 329
1633:treatment
1580:Assisted
1090:The Times
723:DNA India
572:The Hindu
405:in 2002.
383:pneumonia
202:(KEM) in
196:Karnataka
182:Biography
176:pneumonia
112:Pneumonia
73:Karnataka
1874:Research
1522:BBC News
1417:Archived
1363:Archived
1328:Archived
1308:11 March
1272:Archived
1207:LA Times
1181:Archived
1177:BBC News
1157:11 March
1101:11 March
1095:Archived
1069:11 March
1063:Archived
1059:BBC News
948:Archived
910:Archived
905:BBC News
878:Archived
766:11 March
760:Archived
727:Archived
697:Archived
635:Archived
606:Archived
582:11 March
576:Archived
546:Archived
515:Archived
511:BBC News
364:Response
338:support.
188:Haldipur
69:Haldipur
1582:suicide
1423:15 June
1213:8 March
1187:8 March
513:. BBC.
249:Marathi
102:, India
75:, India
2244:Asaram
1781:Baby K
1685:Baby M
1482:27 May
1455:27 May
1334:18 May
1278:18 May
954:29 May
916:18 May
884:28 May
854:18 May
733:18 May
703:18 May
671:18 May
641:18 May
612:18 May
552:24 May
521:18 May
482:
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420:Anumol
276:strike
251:daily
217:choked
210:Attack
204:Mumbai
153:Mumbai
96:Mumbai
1242:(PDF)
1235:(PDF)
443:KASAK
377:Death
253:Sakal
221:raped
149:Parel
1534:NDTV
1484:2013
1457:2013
1425:2020
1371:2015
1336:2015
1310:2011
1280:2015
1250:2016
1215:2011
1189:2011
1159:2011
1103:2011
1071:2011
1017:link
1003:2015
956:2015
918:2015
886:2020
856:2015
826:2009
768:2011
735:2015
705:2015
673:2015
643:2015
614:2015
584:2011
554:2015
523:2015
480:ISBN
463:ISBN
317:i.e.
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51:Born
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