70:
672:
595:
45:
662:
262:
77:
57:
652:
During the last glaciation the ice reached a maximum thickness of nearly 3000 meters in the
Sognefjord area. Confluence of tributary fjords led excavation of the deepest fjord basin. Until about 30 km from the very coast the Sognefjord glacier was apparently constricted to its narrow channel of
359:
Cliffs surrounding the fjord rise almost sheer from the water to heights of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) and more. Around the outer area the land rises to about 500 metres (1,600 ft) above the sea, while in the inner areas of the fjord, they reach about 1,600 metres (5,200 ft). The inner
804:(power lines) crosses the fjord with a span of 4,597 metres (15,082 ft). This is the second largest span of power lines in the world. The fjord has become a tourist attraction with summer tourists being an important part of the local economy.
340: mi) wide. The average width of the main branch of the Sognefjord is less than five kilometres (3 mi). The depth increases gradually from Årdal to a central basin reaching more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) in depth located between
325:
about 100 metres (330 ft) below sea level. The seabed in
Sognefjord is covered by some 200-metre-thick (660 ft) sediments such that the bedrock is some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) below sea level. The fjord is up to six kilometres
986:
Sognefjordens egentlige navn er Sogn, medens Sogn nu alene bruges om det omgivende landskab, og brugtes saaledes allerede i middelalderen. Navnet er som landskapsnavn hankjønsord og har udentvil været det ogsaa som
407:
through in the inner part. There is no clear relation between the east–west direction of the main fjord and the fold patterns of the bedrock, while some of tributary fjords in the parts corresponds to fold pattern.
751:, a branch of the Sognefjord particularly noted for its unspoiled nature and dramatic scenery, and only 300 metres (1,000 ft) across at its narrowest point. Together with the
364:, while the outer part is connected by narrow sounds to neighbouring fjords. Near the coast the fjord mouth is bounded largely by low islands and skerries that are part of the
610:
The valley of
Sognefjord is one of various valleys of western Norway that certainly predates the Quaternary glaciations. It existed already as part of the ancient
411:
The volume of the whole
Sognefjorden including its various branches is about 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi), while the total volume of rock eroded by
309:. The fjord reaches a maximum depth of 1,308 metres (4,291 ft) below sea level, and the greatest depths are found in the central parts of the fjord near
816:
in mid-water anchored to floats. This will avoid storms on the surface, and will not have to go over a kilometer deep to get below the bed of the fjord.
387:. Several rivers pour fresh water into the fjord with an annual "spring" flood in June. The mouth of the fjord is surrounded by many islands including
642:
614:
but had at the time much gentler slopes. The fjords of western Norway formed in connection to the east-ward tilting of much of Norway during the
371:
The inner end of the
Sognefjord is southeast of a mountain range rising to about 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level and covered by the
557:
544:
356:
area. Thresholds occur in an area with sounds, valleys, and low land where the glacier was allowed spread out and lose its erosive effect.
594:
1411:
113:
1386:
1366:
1474:
383:
range at the eastern end of the fjord reaches 2,400 metres (7,900 ft). The greatest elevation from seabed to summit is at
69:
1249:
Nesje, A.; Dahl, S.O.; Valen, V.; Øvstedal, J. (1992). "Quaternary erosion in the
Sognefjord drainage basin, western Norway".
572:
and the
Scandinavian inland was by boat between Bergen and Skjolden and from there on a simple road over the highlands (today
1331:
313:. Sognefjord is more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) deep for about 100 kilometres (60 mi) of its length, from
1090:
964:
919:
1469:
774:
in a distance of only 20 kilometres (12 mi)— one of the steepest unassisted railway climb in the world.
1425:
687:
Boats connect settlements along the fjord and its sidearms. Larger villages on the fjord and its branches include
1480:
1033:
1008:
379:. Thus the climate of the inner end of Sognefjorden and its branches are not as wet as on the outer coastline.
415:
from the entire
Sognefjord system and adjacent valleys is about 4,000 cubic kilometres (960 cu mi).
17:
1500:
1179:
980:
Helland, Amund (1901). "Almindelig del. I serien Norges land og folk topografisk-statistisk beskrevet".
615:
813:
688:
565:
1170:
653:
homogeneous gneiss, then the glacier suddenly spread out presumably through sounds and low valleys.
869:
859:
after a 14-day pursuit in the
Sognefjorden. Military documents released later confirm this episode.
573:
215:
253:"to suck", presumably from the surge or suction of the tidal currents at the mouth of the fjord.
1288:
1251:
856:
1028:. Oslo: Nautisk forlag i samarbeid med Statens kartverk, Norges sjøkartverk. pp. 225, 244.
782:
1448:
1049:
830:, the world's first battery-electric car ferry, which crosses the fjord between the towns of
619:
911:
700:
1390:
1297:
1260:
1188:
1082:
852:
790:
708:
671:
274:
230:, it stretches 205 kilometres (127 mi) inland from the ocean to the small village of
8:
1495:
1219:
763:
512:
242:
1301:
1264:
1192:
786:
639:
585:
404:
352:
island, then drops gradually with a threshold at about 150 metres (500 ft) in the
207:
198:
1200:
756:
1405:
1327:
1309:
1272:
1086:
1029:
1004:
960:
915:
646:
823:
crossings of the
Sognefjord. One of the ferryboats that traverses this fjord is the
490:
1371:
1305:
1268:
1232:
1228:
1196:
904:
732:
345:
716:
801:
748:
680:
665:
508:
496:
361:
1367:"This floating underwater tunnel in Norway could save half a day in travel time"
767:
736:
518:
1214:
771:
752:
728:
635:
631:
627:
623:
611:
392:
372:
349:
322:
306:
235:
227:
145:
538:
1489:
502:
128:
115:
427:
1177:; Sulebak, J.R. (2000). "Landforms and uplift history of southern Norway".
1174:
1113:
Holtedahl, H (1967). "Notes on the formation of fjords and fjord-valleys".
959:. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 351.
835:
778:
692:
388:
812:
There is a plan to build a road across the Sognefjord, crossing through a
638:
formed. The fluvial and glacial erosion that made the fjords has followed
630:. An estimate of 7610 km of rock has been eroded from the Sognefjord
396:
712:
341:
318:
310:
282:
1286:
Nesje, A.; Whillans, I.M. (1994). "Erosion of the Sognefjord, Norway".
380:
365:
704:
824:
720:
676:
286:
278:
44:
794:
577:
294:
561:
470:
403:
area with a south-west to north-east structure, and penetrates the
314:
231:
223:
98:
1053:
661:
302:
744:
696:
581:
412:
384:
376:
298:
290:
724:
1346:
760:
740:
569:
423:
There are many smaller fjords which branch off the main fjord.
400:
353:
270:
1217:(1967). "Notes on the formation of fjords and fjord valleys".
1143:
560:, in the municipality of Luster. At its end is the village of
1169:
831:
820:
261:
219:
56:
1464:
777:
Around the inner end of the fjord, three of Norway's famous
1165:
1163:
939:. New York: Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 210.
246:
1026:
Norges sjøatlas : fra svenskegrensen til Sognefjorden
1160:
892:. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2003. p. 813.
600:
Panorama of Lustrafjord viewed from the mountain Molden
1248:
1326:
Geological Society of Norway (NGF), Trondheim, 2014.
955:
Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980).
1042:
855:
had "contact" with what they presumed was a Russian
556:
The innermost arm of the Sognefjorden is called the
1079:
Istider i Norge. Landskap formet av istidenes breer
903:
1475:Art of the States: Bright Days of Little Sunlight
1322:Aarseth, I., Nesje, A., & Fredin, O. (2014).
1115:Geografiska Annaler. Series A. Physical Geography
1048:
321:. Near its mouth, the bottom rises abruptly to a
1487:
1244:
1242:
950:
948:
946:
106:
954:
1341:
1339:
1285:
1239:
943:
618:. This uplift, that occurred long before the
616:Cenozoic uplift of the Scandinavian Mountains
399:. The Sognefjord cuts through a northwestern
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
360:part has extensive tributary fjords such as
269:The fjord runs through many municipalities:
241:The fjord gives its name to the surrounding
197:
1336:
1127:
1213:
1112:
1099:
348:. From Brekke the floor rises rapidly to
1076:
934:
770:climbs 864 metres (2,835 ft) up to
670:
660:
260:
249:. The name is related to Norwegian word
1477:musical work inspired by the Sognefjord
984:(in Norwegian). Kristiania: Aschehoug.
979:
847:On 24 November 1972, the submarine KNM
14:
1488:
1410:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1144:"Sognefjorden – Store norske leksikon"
998:
568:. In earlier times, transport between
1121:
605:
206:), nicknamed the King of the Fjords (
1072:
1070:
547:(innermost), 42 km (26 mi)
76:
1481:Google Earth view of the Sognefjord
793:(30 km or 20 mi into the
464:Høyangsfjord, 8 km (5 mi)
24:
1023:
25:
1512:
1458:
1128:Holmesland, Arthur m.fl. (1973).
1117:. Vol. 49. pp. 188–203.
1067:
910:. London: Fodor's. 2004. p.
580:and through the mountain pass to
890:The New Encyclopaedia Britannica
766:. From the village of Flåm, the
593:
551:
467:Arnafjord, 8 km (5 mi)
75:
68:
55:
43:
1449:Aftenposten(Norwegian Language)
1442:
1426:"Ampere Electric-Powered Ferry"
1418:
1379:
1359:
1316:
1279:
1207:
1136:
747:. Gudvangen is situated by the
675:1853 painting of Sognefjord by
375:, continental Europe's largest
265:View of the fjord near Vangsnes
1233:10.1080/04353676.1967.11879749
1017:
992:
973:
928:
896:
882:
564:, which is an access point to
13:
1:
1201:10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00009-6
875:
1310:10.1016/0169-555X(94)90029-9
1273:10.1016/0169-555X(92)90022-G
957:Natural Wonders of the World
807:
256:
179:1,308 m (4,291 ft)
7:
1180:Global and Planetary Change
1077:Andersen, Bjørn G. (2000).
863:
418:
10:
1517:
935:Rafferty, John P. (2012).
789:(along the shoreline) and
656:
515:), 18 km (11 mi)
566:Jotunheimen National Park
541:, 16 km (10 mi)
505:, 29 km (18 mi)
499:, 21 km (13 mi)
493:, 27 km (17 mi)
203:
175:
171:4.5 km (2.8 mi)
167:
163:205 km (127 mi)
159:
155:
144:
105:
94:
63:
54:
42:
37:
32:
870:List of Norwegian fjords
841:
574:Norwegian County Road 55
1171:Lidmar-Bergström, Karna
857:Whiskey-class submarine
234:in the municipality of
199:[ˈsɔ̂ŋnəˌfjuːɳ]
1324:West Norwegian fjords.
759:, the Nærøyfjord is a
684:
668:
620:Quaternary glaciations
447:Lifjorden, 6 km (
266:
222:in Norway. Located in
211:
1470:Flåmsbana information
1148:Store norske leksikon
1050:Store norske leksikon
999:Bergum, Leiv (1998).
674:
664:
430:(mouth), 35 km (
264:
195:Urban East Norwegian:
1451:(including pictures)
1083:Universitetsforlaget
1003:. Leikanger: Skald.
982:Nordre Bergenhus Amt
853:Royal Norwegian Navy
622:, enabled rivers to
1302:1994Geomo...9...33N
1265:1992Geomo...5..511N
1220:Geografiska Annaler
1193:2000GPC....24..211L
1024:Øi, Ørnulf (1987).
764:World Heritage Site
513:World Heritage Site
125: /
1501:Fjords of Vestland
1132:. Oslo: Aschehoug.
685:
669:
606:Origin and geology
586:European route E16
267:
1465:www.sognefjord.no
1332:978-82-92-39491-5
576:), or by boat to
183:
182:
49:View of the fjord
16:(Redirected from
1508:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1389:. Archived from
1383:
1377:
1376:
1372:Business Insider
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1343:
1334:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1227:(2–4): 188–203.
1211:
1205:
1204:
1167:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1097:
1096:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1021:
1015:
1014:
996:
990:
989:
977:
971:
970:
952:
941:
940:
932:
926:
925:
909:
900:
894:
893:
886:
597:
534:
533:
529:
526:
486:
485:
481:
478:
460:
459:
455:
452:
443:
442:
438:
435:
339:
338:
334:
331:
205:
201:
196:
140:
139:
137:
136:
135:
130:
129:61.100°N 5.167°E
126:
123:
122:
121:
118:
108:
79:
78:
72:
59:
47:
30:
29:
21:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1486:
1485:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1434:
1432:
1430:Ship Technology
1424:
1423:
1419:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1387:"Archived copy"
1385:
1384:
1380:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1321:
1317:
1284:
1280:
1247:
1240:
1212:
1208:
1168:
1161:
1152:
1150:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1126:
1122:
1111:
1100:
1093:
1075:
1068:
1059:
1057:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1022:
1018:
1011:
997:
993:
978:
974:
967:
953:
944:
933:
929:
922:
902:
901:
897:
888:
887:
883:
878:
866:
844:
819:There are many
810:
802:Sognefjord Span
781:have survived:
757:Møre og Romsdal
681:Adolph Tidemand
659:
608:
601:
598:
554:
531:
527:
524:
522:
483:
479:
476:
474:
457:
453:
450:
448:
440:
436:
433:
431:
421:
405:Caledonian fold
362:Aurlandsfjorden
336:
332:
329:
327:
259:
212:Fjordenes konge
194:
148: countries
133:
131:
127:
124:
119:
116:
114:
112:
111:
90:
89:
88:
87:
86:
85:
84:
80:
50:
28:
27:Fjord in Norway
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1514:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1467:
1460:
1459:External links
1457:
1454:
1453:
1441:
1417:
1378:
1358:
1335:
1315:
1278:
1259:(6): 511–520.
1238:
1206:
1187:(3): 211–231.
1159:
1135:
1120:
1098:
1091:
1085:. p. 30.
1066:
1056:(in Norwegian)
1054:"Sognefjorden"
1041:
1034:
1016:
1009:
991:
972:
965:
942:
927:
920:
906:Fodor's Norway
895:
880:
879:
877:
874:
873:
872:
865:
862:
861:
860:
843:
840:
814:submerged tube
809:
806:
779:stave churches
772:Myrdal Station
753:Geirangerfjord
729:Aurlandsvangen
658:
655:
636:Paleic surface
632:drainage basin
612:Paleic surface
607:
604:
603:
602:
599:
592:
553:
550:
549:
548:
542:
536:
516:
506:
500:
494:
491:Fjærlandsfjord
488:
468:
465:
462:
445:
420:
417:
373:Jostedalsbreen
258:
255:
228:Western Norway
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
142:
141:
109:
103:
102:
101:county, Norway
96:
92:
91:
82:
81:
74:
73:
67:
66:
65:
64:
61:
60:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1513:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1450:
1445:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1413:
1407:
1393:on 2019-02-24
1392:
1388:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1289:Geomorphology
1282:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1252:Geomorphology
1245:
1243:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1215:Holtedahl, H.
1210:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1131:
1124:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1092:9788200451341
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1037:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1012:
1006:
1002:
995:
988:
983:
976:
968:
966:0-89577-087-3
962:
958:
951:
949:
947:
938:
931:
923:
921:9781400013227
917:
913:
908:
907:
899:
891:
885:
881:
871:
868:
867:
858:
854:
850:
846:
845:
839:
837:
833:
829:
828:
822:
817:
815:
805:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
775:
773:
769:
765:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:Sogndalsfjøra
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
682:
678:
673:
667:
663:
654:
650:
648:
644:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:Paleic relief
625:
621:
617:
613:
596:
591:
590:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
552:Lustrafjorden
546:
543:
540:
537:
521:, 9 km (
520:
517:
514:
510:
507:
504:
503:Aurlandsfjord
501:
498:
497:Sogndalsfjord
495:
492:
489:
473:, 4 km (
472:
469:
466:
463:
446:
429:
426:
425:
424:
416:
414:
409:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
263:
254:
252:
248:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
200:
192:
188:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:
143:
138:
134:61.100; 5.167
110:
104:
100:
97:
93:
71:
62:
58:
53:
46:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1444:
1433:. Retrieved
1429:
1420:
1395:. Retrieved
1391:the original
1381:
1370:
1361:
1350:. Retrieved
1347:"Sognefjord"
1323:
1318:
1296:(1): 33–45.
1293:
1287:
1281:
1256:
1250:
1224:
1218:
1209:
1184:
1178:
1175:Ollier, C.D.
1151:. Retrieved
1147:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1114:
1078:
1058:. Retrieved
1044:
1025:
1019:
1001:Sognefjorden
1000:
994:
985:
981:
975:
956:
936:
930:
905:
898:
889:
884:
848:
836:Ytre Oppedal
826:
818:
811:
799:
776:
768:Flåm Railway
737:Årdalstangen
693:Ytre Oppedal
686:
651:
609:
555:
519:Lærdalsfjord
422:
410:
370:
358:
268:
250:
240:
218:and deepest
191:Sognefjorden
190:
186:
184:
83:Sognefjorden
33:Sognefjorden
18:Sognefjorden
733:Lærdalsøyri
713:Hermansverk
626:deeply the
558:Lustrafjord
545:Lustrafjord
539:Årdalsfjord
319:Hermansverk
202:, English:
160:Max. length
132: /
107:Coordinates
1496:Sognefjord
1490:Categories
1435:2020-05-09
1397:2019-02-24
1352:2010-09-04
1153:2016-11-22
1060:2010-09-04
1035:8290335024
1010:8279590005
987:fjordnavn.
876:References
749:Nærøyfjord
709:Balestrand
666:Nærøyfjord
643:weaknesses
640:structural
634:since the
509:Nærøyfjord
428:Sognesjøen
381:Hurrungane
366:strandflat
226:county in
214:), is the
204:Sogn Fjord
187:Sognefjord
176:Max. depth
168:Max. width
38:Sognefjord
937:Landforms
808:Transport
797:valley).
783:Kaupanger
721:Gudvangen
677:Hans Gude
535: mi)
487: mi)
461: mi)
444: mi)
397:Hiserøyna
342:Leikanger
279:Hyllestad
257:Geography
208:Norwegian
1406:cite web
1081:. Oslo:
864:See also
701:Høyanger
562:Skjolden
471:Esefjord
419:Branches
413:glaciers
315:Rutledal
311:Høyanger
283:Høyanger
243:district
232:Skjolden
224:Vestland
99:Vestland
95:Location
1298:Bibcode
1261:Bibcode
1189:Bibcode
851:of the
849:Sklinna
791:Borgund
745:Solvorn
705:Vikøyri
697:Vadheim
689:Leirvik
657:Tourism
645:in the
582:Valdres
530:⁄
482:⁄
456:⁄
439:⁄
385:Sogndal
377:glacier
335:⁄
299:Aurland
291:Sogndal
216:largest
117:61°06′N
1330:
1089:
1032:
1007:
963:
918:
827:Ampere
795:Lærdal
761:UNESCO
741:Gaupne
624:incise
578:Lærdal
570:Bergen
401:gneiss
395:, and
354:Solund
346:Brekke
307:Luster
305:, and
295:Lærdal
271:Solund
236:Luster
151:Norway
120:5°10′E
1130:Norge
842:Other
832:Lavik
821:ferry
787:Urnes
647:crust
584:(now
393:Losna
350:Losna
303:Årdal
275:Gulen
220:fjord
146:Basin
1412:link
1328:ISBN
1087:ISBN
1030:ISBN
1005:ISBN
961:ISBN
916:ISBN
834:and
800:The
785:and
743:and
725:Flåm
679:and
389:Sula
344:and
323:sill
251:súg-
247:Sogn
185:The
1306:doi
1269:doi
1229:doi
1197:doi
912:137
825:MV
755:in
588:).
511:(a
317:to
287:Vik
245:of
189:or
1492::
1428:.
1408:}}
1404:{{
1369:.
1338:^
1304:.
1292:.
1267:.
1255:.
1241:^
1225:49
1223:.
1195:.
1185:24
1183:.
1173:;
1162:^
1146:.
1101:^
1069:^
1052:.
945:^
914:.
838:.
739:,
735:,
731:,
727:,
723:,
719:,
715:,
711:,
707:,
703:,
699:,
695:,
691:,
649:.
432:21
391:,
368:.
301:,
297:,
293:,
289:,
285:,
281:,
277:,
273:,
238:.
210::
1438:.
1414:)
1400:.
1375:.
1355:.
1312:.
1308::
1300::
1294:9
1275:.
1271::
1263::
1257:5
1235:.
1231::
1203:.
1199::
1191::
1156:.
1095:.
1063:.
1038:.
1013:.
969:.
924:.
683:.
532:2
528:1
525:+
523:5
484:2
480:1
477:+
475:2
458:2
454:1
451:+
449:3
441:2
437:1
434:+
337:2
333:1
330:+
328:3
326:(
193:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
