791:
performance due to stress, performance anxiety, and attempts to cheat the metrics, while others find it to have positive impact on developers value towards their own work, and prevent them being undervalued. Some argue that the definition of many measurement methodologies are imprecise, and consequently it is often unclear how tools for computing them arrive at a particular result, while others argue that imperfect quantification is better than none (âYou canât control what you can't measure.â). Evidence shows that software metrics are being widely used by government agencies, the US military, NASA, IT consultants, academic institutions, and commercial and academic
790:
Some software development practitioners point out that simplistic measurements can cause more harm than good. Others have noted that metrics have become an integral part of the software development process. Impact of measurement on programmer psychology have raised concerns for harmful effects to
750:
As software development is a complex process, with high variance on both methodologies and objectives, it is difficult to define or measure software qualities and quantities and to determine a valid and concurrent measurement metric, especially when making such a prediction prior to the detail
591:
practitioners and theoreticians to bring similar approaches to software development. The goal is obtaining objective, reproducible and quantifiable measurements, which may have numerous valuable applications in schedule and budget planning, cost estimation, quality assurance, testing, software
781:
A specific measurement may target one or more of the above aspects, or the balance between them, for example as an indicator of team motivation or project performance. Additionally metrics vary between static and dynamic program code, as well as for object oriented software (systems).
582:
or process possesses some property. Even if a metric is not a measurement (metrics are functions, while measurements are the numbers obtained by the application of metrics), often the two terms are used as synonyms. Since
751:
design. Another source of difficulty and debate is in determining which metrics matter, and what they mean. The practical utility of software measurements has therefore been limited to the following domains:
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1157:. In Mandal, J. K.; Satapathy, Suresh Chandra; Kumar Sanyal, Manas; Sarkar, Partha Pratim; Mukhopadhyay, Anirban (eds.).
497:
1293:
711:
406:
170:
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273:
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396:
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147:
525:
815:
Quality of security metrics and measurements, Computers & Security, Volume 37, September 2013, Pages 78-90.
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641:
416:
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1161:. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Vol. 340. New Delhi: Springer India. pp. 579â589.
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Amit, Idan; Feitelson, Dror G. (2020-07-21). "The
Corrective Commit Probability Code Quality Metric".
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TimĂłteo, Aline Lopes; Ălvaro, Re; Almeida, Eduardo
Santana De; De, Silvio Romero; Meira, Lemos.
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421:
331:
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51:
1010:"maintainability - Does it make sense to compute cyclomatic complexity/lines of code ratio?"
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NASA Standard NASA-STD-8739.8 (Software
Assurance and Software Safety Standard)
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41:
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Defect potential - expected number of defects in a particular component
987:
1384:
Software
Engineering Metrics: What do they measure and how do we know
1266:
Controlling
Software Projects: Management, Measurement and Estimation
972:"Cyclomatic complexity density and software maintenance productivity"
593:
76:
1079:
1217:
Software
Engineer Metrics: What do they measure and how do we know?
1060:
449:
401:
386:
381:
1415:
1401:
1155:"Dynamic Software Metrics for Object Oriented Software: A Review"
646:
587:
are essential in all sciences, there is a continuous effort by
160:
16:
Measure of the degree to which software possesses some property
1133:"Essential Metrics for Effective Incident Response Strategies"
1248:
International
Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis 2008
235:
1290:"NASA Metrics Planning and Reporting Working Group (MPARWG)"
1192:
Dynamic
Metrics for Polymorphism in Object Oriented Systems
674:
469:
1393:
869:
Software metrics : a rigorous and practical approach
826:
1159:
Information
Systems Design and Intelligent Applications
1239:
Lincke, RĂŒdiger; Lundberg, Jonas; Löwe, Welf (2008),
1073:
1071:
1034:"OMG Adopts Automated Function Point Specification"
1238:
914:
1315:"USC Center for Systems and Software Engineering"
1444:
1408:HIS Source Code Metrics version 1.3.1 01.04.2008
1068:
941:"Descriptive Information (DI) Metric Thresholds"
785:
578:is a standard of measure of a degree to which a
872:. James Bieman (3rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL.
603:
1337:"Quality of security metrics and measurements"
1080:"Integration Watch: Using metrics effectively"
1053:
970:Gill, G. K.; Kemerer, C. F. (December 1991).
665:Defect density - defects found in a component
547:
1152:
1098:
969:
900:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
600:, and optimal personnel task assignments.
554:
540:
1224:
1199:
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976:IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
924:
808:, Acme Press, 2010. An introductory text.
1077:
1260:
1445:
1334:
1153:Gosain, Anjana; Sharma, Ganga (2015).
1104:
865:
832:List of tools for static code analysis
771:Software development effort estimation
608:Common software measurements include:
508:Electrical and electronics engineering
1214:
1292:. Earthdata.nasa.gov. Archived from
1437:Metrics of Object Oriented Software
1422:A framework for source code metrics
1190:S, Parvinder Singh; Singh, Gurdev.
1107:"When, Why, and How: Code Analysis"
1014:Software Engineering Stack Exchange
13:
1241:"Comparing software metrics tools"
1189:
806:Introduction to Linear Programming
798:
683:and Automated Function Points, an
14:
1469:
1371:
434:Standards and bodies of knowledge
1130:
945:Land Software Engineering Centre
837:Orthogonal Defect Classification
677:(design structure quality index)
1335:Savola, Reijo M. (2013-09-01).
1328:
1307:
1282:
1254:
1232:
1208:
1183:
1146:
1124:
1078:Binstock, Andrew (March 2010).
793:development estimation software
526:Outline of software development
1105:Kolawa, Adam (7 August 2008).
1047:
1026:
1002:
963:
933:
908:
859:
745:
727:Weighted Micro Function Points
642:Connascent software components
1:
852:
786:Acceptance and public opinion
741:Corrective Commit Probability
662:Cyclomatic complexity density
1432:SonarQube Metric Definitions
1167:10.1007/978-81-322-2247-7_59
604:Common software measurements
7:
820:
10:
1474:
1412:outdated but for reference
1398:outdated but for reference
1353:10.1016/j.cose.2013.05.002
917:Software Metrics: A Survey
866:Fenton, Norman E. (2014).
289:Software quality assurance
708:- number of lines of code
585:quantitative measurements
1341:Computers & Security
847:Software package metrics
598:performance optimization
274:Configuration management
1394:HIS Source Code Metrics
1215:Kaner, Dr. Cem (2004),
696:Instruction path length
685:Object Management Group
647:Constructive Cost Model
498:Artificial intelligence
766:Programming complexity
712:Program execution time
422:Infrastructure as code
268:Supporting disciplines
1036:. Omg.org. 2013-01-17
732:Cycle time (software)
722:Program size (binary)
701:Maintainability index
659:(McCabe's complexity)
657:Cyclomatic complexity
279:Deployment management
842:Software engineering
827:Goal Question-Metric
706:Source lines of code
568:software engineering
99:Paradigms and models
28:Software development
691:Halstead Complexity
671:Defect removal rate
613:ABC Software Metric
22:Part of a series on
1250:, pp. 131â142
618:Balanced scorecard
417:Release automation
294:Project management
1268:. Yourdon Press.
1176:978-81-322-2247-7
988:10.1109/32.106988
982:(12): 1284â1288.
879:978-1-4398-3823-5
717:Program load time
564:
563:
455:ISO/IEC standards
1465:
1453:Software metrics
1378:Software Metrics
1365:
1364:
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1322:
1317:. Sunset.usc.edu
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1111:The Code Project
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947:. Archived from
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905:
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891:
863:
813:Reijo M.Savola,
776:Software quality
737:First pass yield
625:per line of code
589:computer science
556:
549:
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503:Computer science
412:Build automation
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1201:10.1.1.193.4307
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926:10.1.1.544.2164
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823:
801:
799:Further reading
788:
761:Software sizing
748:
681:Function Points
638:Comment density
606:
580:software system
576:software metric
560:
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299:User experience
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37:
36:Core activities
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12:
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5:
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1414:; related see
1405:
1400:; related see
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1372:External links
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951:on 6 July 2011
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1296:on 2011-10-22
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1275:0-13-171711-1
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629:Code coverage
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42:Data modeling
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26:
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21:
20:
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1330:
1319:. Retrieved
1309:
1298:. Retrieved
1294:the original
1284:
1265:
1262:DeMarco, Tom
1256:
1247:
1234:
1216:
1210:
1191:
1185:
1158:
1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1131:Mike, John.
1126:
1114:. Retrieved
1110:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1083:
1049:
1038:. Retrieved
1028:
1017:. Retrieved
1013:
1004:
979:
975:
965:
953:. Retrieved
949:the original
944:
935:
916:
910:
868:
861:
814:
805:
789:
780:
749:
607:
575:
565:
402:UML Modeling
397:GUI designer
62:Construction
52:Requirements
1116:14 February
746:Limitations
596:, software
572:development
120:Prototyping
115:Incremental
87:Maintenance
67:Engineering
1447:Categories
1321:2013-05-19
1300:2013-05-19
1090:19 October
1086:. BZ Media
1061:2007.10912
1040:2013-05-19
1019:2021-03-01
955:19 October
853:References
804:J. Smith,
756:Scheduling
492:Glossaries
82:Deployment
1380:(SQA.net)
1361:0167-4048
1347:: 78â90.
1221:CiteSeerX
1196:CiteSeerX
996:1939-3520
921:CiteSeerX
896:cite book
888:834978252
594:debugging
311:Practices
135:Waterfall
110:Cleanroom
77:Debugging
47:Processes
1427:NASA.gov
1264:(1982).
1084:SD Times
821:See also
687:standard
652:Coupling
634:Cohesion
520:Outlines
450:ISO 9001
392:Profiler
387:Debugger
382:Compiler
357:Stand-up
1458:Metrics
1416:AUTOSAR
1402:AUTOSAR
1138:18 July
191:Lean SD
130:V model
72:Testing
1439:(2010)
1359:
1272:
1223:
1198:
1173:
994:
923:
886:
876:
465:SWEBOK
186:Kanban
161:DevOps
125:Spiral
57:Design
1244:(PDF)
1056:arXiv
460:PMBOK
375:Tools
236:SEMAT
231:Scrum
105:Agile
1357:ISSN
1270:ISBN
1171:ISBN
1140:2021
1118:2021
1092:2010
992:ISSN
957:2010
902:link
884:OCLC
874:ISBN
675:DSQI
623:Bugs
574:, a
570:and
475:IREB
470:ITIL
440:CMMI
317:ATDD
226:SAFe
196:LeSS
171:DSDM
1349:doi
1163:doi
984:doi
566:In
480:OMG
407:IDE
362:TDD
352:SBE
342:DDD
327:CCO
322:BDD
246:TSP
241:TDD
221:RUP
216:RAD
211:PSP
206:MSF
201:MDD
181:IID
176:FDD
166:DAD
156:ASD
1449::
1355:.
1345:37
1343:.
1339:.
1246:,
1219:,
1194:.
1169:.
1109:.
1082:.
1070:^
1012:.
990:.
980:17
978:.
974:.
943:.
919:.
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