36:
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1008:, or to ignorance within scientific research. Although the latter is unavoidable, by the common view in SSI, this has made scientists more hesitant to discuss their ignorance, since this could be used by media to diminish their work. One area where media is said to have played a prominent role in the public opinion of the matter is that of the
969:
Specified ignorance is the notion of non-knowledge that the scientists are aware of, and must change into knowledge in order to gain knowledge of something else. "The express recognition of what is not yet known but needs to be known in order to lay the foundation for still more knowledge". This can
930:
has a negative tone to it, and for a long time scientific ignorance was viewed as a purely negative thing. Recently, however, people have started to abandon this idea, and instead try to find uses of deliberate ignorance. This has generally been called useful ignorance. A first step in finding uses
935:
says: "new knowledge also means more ignorance". Gross also talks about the connection between ignorance and surprise. Surprise can reveal what scientists are ignorant of, which help them focus their research in order to gain knowledge. On the other hand, ignorance is what gives rise to surprise,
960:
non-knowledge is ignorance that is not taken into account. The latter more resembles the old view of ignorance, as lack of knowledge. Ignorance mobilization can be said to aim to change latent non-knowledge into active non-knowledge, thereby making it useful for further research.
1004:. The reason behind journalists spreading false or misleading information can be either because the journalists believe the information to be true, or because of some personal gain for the journalist. A common way to put weight to the journalists' claims is to point to a
978:
This division of SSI is generally looking at the causes of public ignorance of science, as well as the impact it can have on scientific research and society. One way of categorizing the causes of ignorance uses the following three categories:
913:
Studies of public ignorance of science focuses on how scientific ignorance can affect society, the public view of science, and what can give rise to public ignorance of science. This area is related to
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has been introduced. "Ignorance mobilization can be understood as the use of ignorance towards the achievement of goals." This concept also makes a distinction between two types of ignorance:
1223:
Merton, Robert K. (August 1987). "Three
Fragments From a Sociologist's Notebooks: Establishing the Phenomenon, Specified Ignorance, and Strategic Research Materials".
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3100:
1414:
910:, which is the notion that it can be beneficial to hide the internal parts of a system, and only make the input and output visible to the user.
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When studying ignorance in scientific research, the common standpoint is that ignorance can be used as a tool in science. An example of this is
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help scientist direct their research, in that it shows what pre-studies needs to be done, before doing the main research.
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899:, whereas others focus on public ignorance of science. Sociology of scientific ignorance is a complementary field to the
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1117:
Pinto, M. F. (19 January 2015). "Tensions in agnotology: Normativity in the studies of commercially driven ignorance".
1000: – and media in general – play when it comes to public ignorance of science and common
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1286:"Manufacturing doubt: journalists' roles and the construction of ignorance in a scientific controversy"
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non-knowledge is ignorance that is intentionally or unintentionally taken into account within science;
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2017, Vol. 124, No. 2, 179–196. Paper proposes a regret theory of deliberate ignorance.
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891:. The most common way is to see ignorance as something relevant, rather than simply lack of
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895:. There are two distinct areas in which SSI is being studied: some focus on ignorance in
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Ignoring science: discourses of ignorance in the public understanding of science
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1256:(1. publ. ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 107–125.
1195:"Ignorance is Power: Science in Practice, Epistemic Mobilization Dynamics"
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Stocking, Holly (September 1998). "On
Drawing Attention to Ignorance".
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Ignorance and surprise : science, society, and ecological design
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948:, which refers to moving available knowledge into use, a concept of
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Division of labour, meaning that it's not relevant to one's job.
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Gaudet, Joanne; Young, Nathan; Gross, Matthias (28 May 2012).
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of ignorance is realizing that ignorance is inevitable. As
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Mental constitution, that is having a non-scientific mind.
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Cassandra's Regret: The
Psychology of Not Wanting to Know
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Studies have also been done that focus heavily on the
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1284:Stocking, S. H.; Holstein, L. W. (6 August 2008).
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1168:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p.
983:Deliberate choice, due to not being interested.
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2034:Relationship between religion and science
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1344:Gross, Matthias; McGoey, Linsey (2015).
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2784:Digital media use and mental health
2498:Sociology of the history of science
1380:of the paper on the website of the
1237:10.1146/annurev.so.13.080187.000245
13:
1383:American Psychological Association
1337:
14:
3145:
2493:Sociology of scientific ignorance
2338:History and philosophy of science
2320:Economics of scientific knowledge
2054:Sociology of scientific knowledge
2049:Sociology of scientific ignorance
2002:History and philosophy of science
1063:Sociology of scientific knowledge
901:sociology of scientific knowledge
877:sociology of scientific ignorance
3086:
3085:
3060:
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2239:
922:Ignorance in scientific research
830:
1293:Public Understanding of Science
1048:Science, technology and society
936:making the two very connected.
916:public understanding of science
416:Peace, war, and social conflict
2299:Science and technology studies
1443:Analytic–synthetic distinction
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1186:
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1:
1204:. Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario
1069:
16:Study of ignorance in science
2846:Normalization process theory
2403:Philosophy of social science
1365:and Garcia-Retamero, Rocio.
1038:Philosophy of social science
7:
1776:Hypothetico-deductive model
1751:Deductive-nomological model
1736:Constructivist epistemology
1096:10.1177/1075547098020001019
1043:Public awareness of science
1015:
974:Public ignorance of science
10:
3150:
2469:construction of technology
1225:Annual Review of Sociology
1010:global warming controversy
87:Human environmental impact
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3001:Politicization of science
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1837:Semantic view of theories
1756:Epistemological anarchism
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1693:dependent and independent
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1119:Social Studies of Science
1002:scientific misconceptions
2408:Philosophy of technology
1579:Intertheoretic reduction
1568:Ignoramus et ignorabimus
1545:Functional contextualism
1305:10.1177/0963662507079373
1160:Gross, Matthias (2010).
1131:10.1177/0306312714565491
181:Structural functionalism
2064:Philosophers of science
1842:Scientific essentialism
1791:Model-dependent realism
1726:Constructive empiricism
1619:Evidence-based practice
1348:. New York: Routledge.
944:In correspondence with
201:Symbolic interactionism
96:Industrial revolutions
2481:Sociology of knowledge
2147:Alfred North Whitehead
2137:Charles Sanders Peirce
1250:Michael, Mike (1996).
1202:Ignorance mobilization
1058:Sociology of knowledge
1006:scientific controversy
950:ignorance mobilization
946:knowledge mobilization
940:Ignorance mobilization
191:Social constructionism
3048:Transition management
3038:Technology assessment
3006:Regulation of science
2981:Evidence-based policy
2866:Sociotechnical system
2715:Traditional knowledge
2595:Psychology of science
2568:Mapping controversies
2474:shaping of technology
2433:Social constructivism
2398:Philosophy of science
2355:History of technology
2246:Philosophy portal
1997:Hard and soft science
1992:Faith and rationality
1861:Scientific skepticism
1641:Scientific Revolution
1424:Philosophy of science
1084:Science Communication
566:Conversation analysis
141:Social stratification
3129:Sociology of science
2953:Women in engineering
2799:Financial technology
2779:Digital anthropology
2548:Criticism of science
2461:Actor–network theory
2423:Religion and science
2315:Economics of science
1972:Criticism of science
1847:Scientific formalism
1731:Constructive realism
1636:Scientific pluralism
1609:Problem of induction
1378:A summary discussion
1372:Psychological Review
926:Generally, the word
2794:Engineering studies
2764:Cyborg anthropology
2553:Demarcation problem
2438:Social epistemology
2039:Rhetoric of science
1977:Descriptive science
1721:Confirmation holism
1614:Scientific evidence
1574:Inductive reasoning
1503:Demarcation problem
965:Specified ignorance
897:scientific research
151:Social cycle theory
22:Part of a series on
3074:History of science
2991:Funding of science
2861:Skunkworks project
2558:Double hermeneutic
2343:History of science
2258:Science portal
2187:Carl Gustav Hempel
2142:Wilhelm Windelband
2029:Questionable cause
1852:Scientific realism
1673:Underdetermination
1508:Empirical evidence
1498:Creative synthesis
883:) is the study of
837:Society portal
460:History of science
441:Race and ethnicity
121:Social environment
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3043:Technology policy
2774:Dematerialization
2583:black swan events
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2019:Normative science
1876:Uniformitarianism
1631:Scientific method
1525:Explanatory power
1355:978-0-415-71896-7
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591:Social experiment
471:Social psychology
116:Social complexity
3141:
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3016:Right to science
2996:Horizon scanning
2971:Academic freedom
2871:Technical change
2732:Women in science
2727:Unity of science
2508:Strong programme
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1895:Philosophy of...
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1471:Commensurability
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586:Network analysis
476:Sociocybernetics
466:Social movements
196:Social darwinism
146:Social structure
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2044:Science studies
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1881:Verificationism
1786:Instrumentalism
1771:Foundationalism
1746:Conventionalism
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1540:Feminist method
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1675:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1626:Scientific law
1623:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1535:Falsifiability
1532:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1464:Mill's Methods
1456:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1369:(March 2017),
1360:
1354:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1276:
1262:
1242:
1215:
1185:
1178:
1152:
1125:(2): 294–315.
1109:
1090:(1): 165–178.
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1014:
991:
990:
987:
984:
975:
972:
966:
963:
941:
938:
933:Matthias Gross
923:
920:
871:
870:
868:
867:
860:
853:
845:
842:
841:
840:
839:
824:
823:
820:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
783:
778:
777:
774:
773:
627:
626:
612:
607:
606:
603:
602:
599:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
537:
532:
531:
528:
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524:
523:
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508:
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483:
478:
473:
468:
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453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
236:Astrosociology
233:
228:
223:
217:
212:
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
167:
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158:
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154:
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148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
94:
89:
84:
82:Human behavior
79:
74:
68:
65:
64:
61:
60:
59:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3146:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2954:
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2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2881:Technoscience
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2851:Media studies
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Early adopter
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2759:Co-production
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2746:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:communication
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2590:Pseudoscience
2588:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2538:Boundary-work
2536:
2534:
2533:Bibliometrics
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2443:Transhumanism
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
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2379:
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2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:Rudolf Carnap
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2112:Auguste Comte
2110:
2109:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:Francis Bacon
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2012:Pseudoscience
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
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1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1871:Structuralism
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1833:Received view
1831:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
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1764:
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1759:
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1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1741:Contextualism
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
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1698:
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1679:
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1671:
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1664:
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1659:
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1634:
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1479:
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1469:
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1457:
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1425:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1398:
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1379:
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1368:
1364:
1361:
1357:
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1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
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1287:
1280:
1265:
1263:0-521-43268-5
1259:
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1246:
1238:
1234:
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1219:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1181:
1179:9780262013482
1175:
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1136:
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1128:
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988:
985:
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890:
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861:
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844:
843:
838:
833:
828:
827:
826:
825:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
802:Organizations
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
781:
776:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
751: ·
750:
747: ·
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
707: ·
706:
703:
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698:
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686:
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670:
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662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
639: ·
638:
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631:
624:
620:
617:
614:
613:
610:
605:
604:
597:
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592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
556:Computational
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
535:
530:
529:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
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494:
492:
489:
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479:
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457:
454:
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419:
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409:
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389:
387:
384:
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379:
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369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
301:Environmental
299:
296:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
251:Consciousness
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
218:
215:
210:
209:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
168:
165:
160:
159:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
131:Social equity
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
77:Globalization
75:
73:
70:
69:
63:
62:
57:
54:
52:
49:
47:
44:
43:
42:
41:
37:
33:
32:
29:
26:
25:
21:
20:
3096:Associations
2931:criticism of
2841:Leapfrogging
2824:linear model
2710:Team science
2700:Scientocracy
2623:Neo-colonial
2492:
2373:Anthropocene
2222:Larry Laudan
2202:Imre Lakatos
2157:Otto Neurath
2132:Karl Pearson
2122:Pierre Duhem
2094:Isaac Newton
2048:
2024:Protoscience
1982:Epistemology
1856:Anti-realism
1854: /
1835: /
1826: /
1812: /
1810:Reductionism
1808: /
1781:Inductionism
1761:Evolutionism
1566:
1453:a posteriori
1452:
1448:
1389:
1381:
1370:
1345:
1324:. Retrieved
1299:(1): 23–42.
1296:
1292:
1279:
1267:. Retrieved
1252:
1245:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1201:
1188:
1163:
1155:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1087:
1083:
1077:
992:
977:
968:
957:
953:
949:
943:
927:
925:
912:
905:
880:
876:
874:
787:Bibliography
701:
629:
628:
615:
581:Mathematical
561:Ethnographic
541:Quantitative
226:Architecture
164:Perspectives
136:Social power
2941:theories of
2926:and society
2922:Technology
2916:transitions
2906:determinism
2901:convergence
2876:Technocracy
2658:controversy
2644:Scientific
2628:post-normal
2573:Metascience
2543:Consilience
2528:Antiscience
2393:Neo-Luddism
2388:Fuzzy logic
2212:Ian Hacking
2197:Thomas Kuhn
2182:Karl Popper
2162:C. D. Broad
2079:Roger Bacon
2007:Non-science
1949:Linguistics
1929:Archaeology
1824:Rationalism
1814:Determinism
1801:Physicalism
1766:Fallibilism
1716:Coherentism
1646:Testability
1599:Observation
1594:Objectivity
1555:alternative
1486:Correlation
1476:Consilience
1028:Antiscience
998:journalists
908:blackboxing
792:Terminology
761:Baudrillard
637:Tocqueville
551:Comparative
546:Qualitative
516:Victimology
346:Immigration
331:Generations
246:Criminology
3123:Categories
3079:Technology
3031:science of
3026:history of
2911:revolution
2819:disruptive
2809:Innovation
2804:Hype cycle
2749:Technology
2720:ecological
2693:skepticism
2683:misconduct
2668:enterprise
2486:scientific
2413:Positivism
2383:Empiricism
2365:Philosophy
2099:David Hume
2072:Precursors
1954:Psychology
1934:Economics‎
1828:Empiricism
1819:Pragmatism
1806:Positivism
1796:Naturalism
1666:scientific
1550:Hypothesis
1513:Experiment
1070:References
1023:Agnotology
887:in and of
817:By country
571:Historical
496:Technology
436:Punishment
421:Philosophy
396:Mathematic
386:Literature
351:Industrial
341:Historical
266:Demography
186:Positivism
111:Popularity
66:Key themes
3134:Ignorance
2986:Factor 10
2814:diffusion
2653:consensus
2648:community
2613:education
2453:Sociology
2428:Scientism
2307:Economics
1939:Geography
1907:Chemistry
1866:Scientism
1661:ladenness
1481:Construct
1459:Causality
1104:145791904
1033:Black box
928:ignorance
893:knowledge
885:ignorance
633:Martineau
576:Interview
501:Terrorism
481:Sociology
426:Political
366:Knowledge
286:Education
28:Sociology
3106:Scholars
3101:Journals
3091:Category
3065:Portals
2946:transfer
2936:dynamics
2886:feminist
2688:priority
2673:literacy
2633:rhetoric
2599:Science
2563:Logology
2234:Category
1886:Vitalism
1709:Theories
1683:Variable
1604:Paradigm
1491:function
1449:A priori
1438:Analysis
1431:Concepts
1321:29578804
1313:19579533
1231:(1): 1.
1208:21 April
1147:41431716
1139:26477209
1016:See also
812:Timeline
797:Journals
765:Bourdieu
757:Habermas
753:Luhmann
749:Foucault
693:Mannheim
673:Durkheim
446:Religion
406:Military
371:Language
356:Internet
311:Feminist
295:Jealousy
281:Economic
276:Disaster
271:Deviance
214:Branches
92:Identity
3069:Science
2751:studies
2663:dissent
2603:citizen
2520:studies
2518:Science
2465:Social
2330:History
1944:History
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