645:'s 2007 article, "Why Youth (Heart) Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked Publics in Teenage Social Life", social networking sites share a variety of technical features that allow individuals to: construct a public/semi-public profile, articulate a list of other users that they share a connection with, and view their list of connections within the system. The most basic of these are visible profiles with a list of "friends" who are also users of the site. In an article entitled "Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship," boyd and Ellison adopt Sunden's (2003) description of profiles as unique pages where one can "type oneself into being". A profile is generated from answers to questions, such as age, location, interests, etc. Some sites allow users to upload pictures, add multimedia content or modify the look and feel of the profile. Others, e.g., Facebook, allow users to enhance their profile by adding modules or "Applications". Many sites allow users to post blog entries, search for others with similar interests and compile and share lists of contacts. User profiles often have a section dedicated to comments from friends and other users. To protect user privacy, social networks typically have controls that allow users to choose who can view their profile, contact them, add them to their list of contacts, and so on.
595:, Facebook has also been shown to lead to issues of social comparison. Users are able to select which photos and status updates to post, allowing them to portray their lives in acclamatory manners. These updates can lead to other users feeling like their lives are inferior by comparison. Users may feel especially inclined to compare themselves to other users with whom they share similar characteristics or lifestyles, leading to a fairer comparison. Motives for these comparisons can be associated with the goals of improving oneself by looking at profiles of people who one feels are superior, especially when their lifestyle is similar and possible. One can also self-compare to make oneself feel superior to others by looking at the profiles of users who one believes to be worse off. However, a study by the Harvard Business Review shows that these goals often lead to negative consequences, as use of Facebook has been linked with lower levels of well-being; mental health has been shown to decrease due to the use of Facebook.
855:, like much else on the Internet, represent a moving target for researchers and policymakers." Pew Research Center project, called Pew Internet, did a USA-wide survey in 2009 and in 2010 February published that 47% of American adults use a social networking website. Same survey found that 73% of online teenagers use SNS, which is an increase from 65% in 2008, 55% in 2006. Recent studies have shown that social network services provide opportunities within professional education, curriculum education, and learning. However, there are constraints in this area. Researches, especially in Africa, have disclosed that the use of social networks among students has been known to affect their academic life negatively. This is buttressed by the fact that their use constitutes distractions, as well as that the students tend to invest a good deal of time in the use of such technologies.
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information and knowledge with one another, they are able to "increase both their learning and their flexibility in ways that would not have been possible within a self-contained hierarchical organization". Social networking is allowing scientific groups to expand their knowledge base and share ideas, and without these new means of communicating their theories might become "isolated and irrelevant". Researchers use social networks frequently to maintain and develop professional relationships. They are interested in consolidating social ties and professional contact, keeping in touch with friends and colleagues and seeing what their own contacts are doing. This can be related to their need to keep updated on the activities and events of their friends and colleagues in order to establish collaborations on common fields of interest and knowledge sharing.
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services, require users to give out certain pieces of information. This usually includes a user's age, gender, location, interests, and perhaps a picture. Releasing very personal information is usually discouraged for safety reasons. This allows other users to search or be searched by some sort of criteria, but at the same time, people can maintain a degree of anonymity similar to most online dating services. Online dating sites are similar to social networks in the sense that users create profiles to meet and communicate with others, but their activities on such sites are for the sole purpose of finding a person of interest to date. Social networks do not necessarily have to be for dating; many users simply use it for keeping in touch with friends, and colleagues.
1504:. It was the first of its kind, as it successfully incorporated social media into its campaign winning strategy, evolving the way of political campaigns forevermore in the ever-changing technological world we find ourselves in today. His campaign won by engaging everyday people and empowering volunteers, donors, and advocates, through social networks, text messaging, email messaging and online videos. Obama's social media campaign was vast, with his campaign boasting 5 million 'friends' on over 15 social networking sites, with over 3 million friends just on Facebook. Another significant success of the campaign was online videos, with nearly 2,000 YouTube videos being put online, receiving over 80 million views.
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of uses and gratifications, an increasing number of individuals are looking to the
Internet and social media to fulfill cognitive, affective, personal integrative, social integrative, and tension free needs. With Internet technology as a supplement to fulfill needs, it is in turn affecting everyday life, including relationships, school, church, entertainment, and family. Companies are using social media as a way to learn about potential employees' personalities and behavior. In numerous situations, a candidate who might otherwise have been hired has been rejected due to offensive or otherwise unseemly photos or comments posted to social networks or appearing on a newsfeed.
1010:". A participatory culture consists of a space that allows engagement, sharing, mentoring, and an opportunity for social interaction. Participants of social network services avail of this opportunity. Informal learning, in the forms of participatory and social learning online, is an excellent tool for teachers to sneak in material and ideas that students will identify with and therefore, in a secondary manner, students will learn skills that would normally be taught in a formal setting in the more interesting and engaging environment of social learning. Sites like Twitter provide students with the opportunity to converse and collaborate with others in real time.
1085:. Many schools have implemented online alumni directories which serve as makeshift social networks that current and former students can turn to for career advice. However, these alumni directories tend to suffer from an oversupply of advice-seekers and an undersupply of advice providers. One new social networking service, Ask-a-peer, aims to solve this problem by enabling advice seekers to offer modest compensation to advisers for their time. LinkedIn is also another great resource. It helps alumni, students and unemployed individuals look for work. They are also able to connect with others professionally and network with companies.
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times, Apple has been critical of the Google and
Facebook model, in which users are defined as product and a commodity, and their data being sold for marketing revenue. Social networks operate under an autonomous business model, in which a social network's members serve dual roles as both the suppliers and the consumers of content. This is in contrast to a traditional business model, where the suppliers and consumers are distinct agents. Revenue is typically gained in the autonomous business model via advertisements, but subscription-based revenue is possible when membership and content levels are sufficiently high.
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553:. Such models provide a means for connecting otherwise fragmented industries and small organizations without the resources to reach a broader audience with interested users. Social networks are providing a different way for individuals to communicate digitally. These communities of hypertexts allow for the sharing of information and ideas, an old concept placed in a digital environment. In 2011, HCL Technologies conducted research that showed that 50% of British employers had banned the use of social networking sites/services during office hours.
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whether the nature of this impact is completely positive. A number of scholars have done research on the negative effects of
Internet communication as well. These researchers have contended that this form of communication is an impoverished version of conventional face-to-face social interactions, and therefore produce negative outcomes such as loneliness and depression for users who rely on social networking entirely. By engaging solely in online communication, interactions between communities, families, and other social groups are weakened.
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the GlobalWebIndex found that this figured had risen to almost 50%. The niche social network offers a specialized space that's designed to appeal to a very specific market with a clearly defined set of needs. Where once the streams of social minutia on networks such as
Facebook and Twitter were the ultimate in online voyeurism, now users are looking for connections, community and shared experiences. Social networks that tap directly into specific activities, hobbies, tastes, and lifestyles are seeing a consistent rise in popularity.
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popularity of social networking sites and other metaphors such as White and Le Cornu's "Visitors" and "Residents" (2011) are greater currency. The use of online social networks by school libraries is also increasingly prevalent and they are being used to communicate with potential library users, as well as extending the services provided by individual school libraries. Social networks and their educational uses are of interest to many researchers. According to
Livingstone and Brake (2010), "
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such as
Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter within the school environment. Social networking services often include a lot of personal information posted publicly, and many believe that sharing personal information is a window into privacy theft. Schools have taken action to protect students from this. It is believed that this outpouring of identifiable information and the easy communication vehicle that social networking services open the door to sexual predators, cyberbullying, and
588:. In 2016, news reports stated that excessive usage of SNS sites may be associated with an increase in the rates of depression, to almost triple the rate for non-SNS users. Experts worldwide have said that 2030 people who use SNS more have higher levels of depression than those who use SNS less. At least one study went as far as to conclude that the negative effects of Facebook usage are equal to or greater than the positive effects of face-to-face interactions.
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content to find and discuss curriculum-related content for students. Responding to the popularity of social networking services among many students, teachers are increasingly using social networks to supplement teaching and learning in traditional classroom environments. This way they can provide new opportunities for enriching existing curriculum through creative, authentic and flexible, non-linear learning experiences. Some social networks, such as
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politically active online are double as likely to vote than those who are not politically active online. Therefore, political applications of social networking sites are crucial, particularly to engage with the youth, who perhaps are the least educated in politics and the most in social networking sites. Social media is, therefore, a very effective way in which politicians can connect with a younger audience through their political campaigns.
762:, have been steadily developing a more "socialized" feel to their career center sites to harness some of the power of social networking sites. These more business related sites have their own nomenclature for the most part but the most common naming conventions are "Vocational Networking Sites" or "Vocational Media Networks", with the former more closely tied to individual networking relationships based on social networking principles.
1306:. It is the idea that a brand can build its consumer relationship by connecting their consumers to the brand image on a platform that provides them relative content, elements of participation, and a ranking or score system. Brand networking is a new way to capitalize on social trends as a marketing tool. The power of social networks is beginning to permeate into internal culture of businesses where they are finding uses for
665:. In most mobile communities, mobile phone users can now create their own profiles, make friends, participate in chat rooms, create chat rooms, hold private conversations, share photos and videos, and share blogs by using their mobile phone. Some companies provide wireless services that allow their customers to build their own mobile community and brand it; one of the most popular wireless services for social networking in
943:". For individuals, social capital allows a person to draw on resources from other members of the networks to which he or she belongs. These resources can take the form of useful information, personal relationships, or the capacity to organize groups. As well, networks within these services also can be established or built by joining special interest groups that others have made, or creating one and asking others to join.
560:. Studies have indicated that how a person chooses to use social networking can change their feelings of loneliness in either a negative or positive way. Some companies with mobile workers have encouraged their workers to use social networking to feel connected. Educators are using social networking to stay connected with their students whereas individuals use it to stay connected with their close relationships.
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University of
Hamburg professor Erich H. Witte says that relationships which start online are much more likely to succeed. In this regard, there are studies which predict tie strength among the friends on social networking websites. One online dating site claims that 2% of all marriages begin at its site, the equivalent of 236 marriages a day. Other sites claim one in five relationships begin online.
3306:, p.271 "In some ways the Korean Cyworld can claim to have been in 2001 the first successful general-purpose social network site, since it did not focus on a particular community or activity but aimed at a mass user-base." "Cyworld, of Korean origin, is a socialising SNS that is dominant in South Korea." (Cyworld was launched in 1999 but added social features in 2001.)
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news story is more political, users may be more likely to voice their opinion on a linked
Facebook story with a comment or like, while Twitter users will just follow the site's feed and retweet the article. In online social networks, the veracity and reliability of news may be diminished due to the absence of traditional media gatekeepers.
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a network of contacts in order to exchange various types of content online," social networking sites provide a space for interaction to continue beyond in-person interactions. These computer mediated interactions link members of various networks and may help to create, sustain and develop new social and professional relationships.
358:(1995). Many of these early communities focused on bringing people together to interact with each other through chat rooms and encouraged users to share personal information and ideas via personal web pages by providing easy-to-use publishing tools and free or inexpensive web space. Some communities – such as
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and
Facebook are experiencing an increase in users. The number of Internet users in the United States that visit online dating sites has fallen from a peak of 21% in 2003 to 10% in 2006. Whether it is the cost of the services, the variety of users with different intentions, or any other reason, it is
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Albayrak and
Yildirim (2015) examined the educational use of social networking sites. They investigated students' involvement in Facebook as a Course Management System (CMS) and the findings of their study support that Facebook as a CMS has the potential to increase student involvement in discussions
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and can be gifted at practically no cost. Scholars have noted that the term "social" cannot account for technological features of the social network platforms alone. Hence, the level of network sociability should determine by the actual performances of its users. According to the communication theory
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In 2007, when Obama first announced his candidacy, there was no such thing as an iPhone or Twitter. However, a year later, Obama was sending out voting reminders to thousands of people through Twitter, showing just how fast social media moves. Obama's campaign was current and needed to be successful
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People use social networking sites for meeting new friends, finding old friends, or locating people who have the same problems or interests they have, called niche networking. More and more relationships and friendships are being formed online and then carried to an offline setting. Psychologist and
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on their site. Their business model is based upon large membership count, and charging for membership would be counterproductive. Some believe that the deeper information that the sites have on each user will allow much better targeted advertising than any other site can currently provide. In recent
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has become an issue of concern with social networking services. According to the UK Children Go Online survey of 9- to 19-year-olds, it was found that a third have received bullying comments online. To avoid this problem, many school districts/boards have blocked access to social networking services
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give the possibility to join professional groups and pages, to share papers and results, publicize events, to discuss issues and create debates. Academia.edu is extensively used by researchers, where they follow a combination of social networking and scholarly norms. ResearchGate is also widely used
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One other use that is being discussed is the use of social networks in the science communities. Julia Porter Liebeskind et al. have published a study on how new biotechnology firms are using social networking sites to share exchanges in scientific knowledge. They state in their study that by sharing
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Usage of social networking has contributed to a new form of abusive communication, and academic research has highlighted a number of social-technological explanations for this behaviour. These including the anonymity afforded by interpersonal communications, factors that include boredom or attention
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services are sometimes considered social-network services by developers and users, though in a broader sense, a social-network service usually provides an individual-centered service whereas online community services are groups centered. Generally defined as "websites that facilitate the building of
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Social networks are beginning to be adopted by healthcare professionals as a means to manage institutional knowledge, disseminate peer to peer knowledge and to highlight individual physicians and institutions. The advantage of using a dedicated medical social networking site is that all the members
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Social networks are also used to communicate scientists research results and as a public communication tool and to connect people who share the same professional interests, their benefits can vary according to the discipline. The most interesting aspects of social networks for professional purposes
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In 2012, it was reported that in the past few years, the niche social network has steadily grown in popularity, thanks to better levels of user interaction and engagement. In 2012, a survey by Reuters and research firm Ipsos found that one in three users were getting bored with Facebook and in 2014
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One popular use for this new technology is social networking between businesses. Companies have found that social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter are great ways to build their brand image. According to Jody Nimetz, author of Marketing Jive, there are five major uses for businesses and
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in real time. By presenting a platform for thousands of people to instantaneously share videos of mainly events featuring brutality, social networking can be a vital tool in revolutions. On the flip side, social networks enable government authorities to easily identify, and repress, protestors and
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offers their members the chance to connect with others dealing with similar issues and share experiences. For alcoholics and addicts, SoberCircle gives people in recovery the ability to communicate with one another and strengthen their recovery through the encouragement of others who can relate to
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and other sites are being built to foster relationships that include educational blogs, portfolios, formal and ad hoc communities, as well as communication such as chats, discussion threads, and synchronous forums. These sites also have content sharing and rating features. Social networks are also
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However, an important difference between social networks and online dating services is the fact that online dating sites usually require a fee, where social networks are free. This difference is one of the reasons the online dating industry is seeing a massive decrease in revenue due to many users
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looking to expand their contact bases. These networks often act as a customer relationship management tool for companies selling products and services. Companies can also use social networks for advertising in the form of banners and text ads. Since businesses operate globally, social networks can
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Facebook is increasingly being used by school administrations and law enforcement agencies as a source of evidence against student users. This site being the number one online destination for college students, allows users to create profile pages with personal details. These pages can be viewed by
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A rise in social network use is being driven by college students using the services to network with professionals for internship and job opportunities. Many studies have been done on the effectiveness of networking online in a college setting, and one notable one is by Phipps Arabie and Yoram Wind
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tool to intercept potential prospects. These companies are able to drive traffic to their own online sites while encouraging their consumers and clients to have discussions on how to improve or change products or services. As of September 2013, 71% of online adults use Facebook, 17% use Instagram,
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Other political campaigns have followed on from Obama's successful social media campaigns, recognizing the power of social media and incorporating it as a key factor embedded within their political campaigns, for example, Donald Trump's presidential electoral campaign, 2016. Dan Pfeiffer, Obama's
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are focused on exercise, enabling users to share their own workouts and comment on those of other users. Other aspects of social network usage include the analysis of data coming from existing social networks (such as Twitter) to discover large crowd concentration events (based on tweets location
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Users do not necessarily share with others the content which is of most interest to them, but rather that which projects a good impression of themselves. While everyone agrees that social networking has had a significant impact on social interaction, there remains a substantial disagreement as to
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In the past, social networking services were viewed as a distraction and offered no educational benefit. Blocking these social networks was a form of protection for students against wasting time, bullying, and invasions of privacy. In an educational setting, Facebook, for example, is seen by many
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According to Doering, Beach, and O'Brien, a future English curriculum needs to recognize a significant shift in how adolescents are communicating with each other. Curriculum uses of social networking services can also include sharing curriculum-related resources. Educators tap into user-generated
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is one example and is a social networking website geared towards companies and industry professionals looking to make new business contacts or keep in touch with previous co-workers, affiliates, and clients. LinkedIn provides not only a professional social use but also encourages people to inject
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According to a study in 2015, 63% of the users of Facebook or Twitter in the USA consider these networks to be their main source of news, with entertainment news being the most seen. In the times of breaking news, Twitter users are more likely to stay invested in the story. In some cases when the
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Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, digital photos and videos, posts, and to inform others about online or real-world activities and events with people within their social network. While in-person social networking – such as gathering in a village market to talk about events – has
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Informal learning consists of the learner setting the goals and objectives. It has been claimed that media no longer just influence human culture; they are human culture. With such a high number of users between the ages of 13 and 18, a number of skills are developed. Participants hone technical
739:, another real-time service, focuses on group photo sharing wherein users can update their photo streams with photos while at an event. Facebook, however, remains the largest photo sharing site with over 250 billion photos as of September 2013. In April 2012, the image-based social media network
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Research has shown that 66% of social media users actively engage in political activity online, and like many other behaviors, online activities translate into offline ones. With research from the 'MacArthur Research Network on Youth and Participatory Politics' stating that young people who are
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was the first president who really understood television, and similarly, Obama is the first president to fully understand the power of social media. Obama has recognized social media is about creating relationships and connections and therefore used social media to the advantage of presidential
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Many social networks provide an online environment for people to communicate and exchange personal information for dating purposes. Intentions can vary from looking for a one time date, short-term relationships, and long-term relationships. Most of these social networks, just like online dating
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Recent research suggests that there has been a shift in blocking the use of social networking services. In many cases, the opposite is occurring as the potential of online networking services is being realized. It has been suggested that if schools block them , they are preventing students from
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has become mainstay for professional development as well as promotion and online SNSs support both the maintenance of existing social ties and the formation of new connections. Much of the early research on online communities assume that individuals using these systems would be connecting with
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reports that almost 60% of students who use social networking talk about education topics online, and more than 50% talk specifically about schoolwork. Yet the vast majority of school districts have stringent rules against nearly all forms of social networking during the school day—even though
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Social networking is more recently being used by various government agencies. Social networking tools serve as a quick and easy way for the government to get the suggestion of the public and to keep the public updated on their activity, however, this comes with a significant risk of abuse, for
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While the popularity of social networking consistently rises, new uses for the technology are frequently being observed. Today's technologically savvy population requires convenient solutions to their daily needs. At the forefront of emerging trends in social networking sites is the concept of
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enhances student involvement. Students who would not normally participate in class are more apt to partake through social network services. Networking allows participants the opportunity for just-in-time learning and higher levels of engagement. The use of SNSs allow educators to enhance the
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and Digital Immigrants has been considered a relatively accurate representation of the ease with which people of a certain age range—in particular those born before and after 1980—use technology. Prensky's theory has been largely disproved, however, and not least on account of the burgeoning
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learning the skills they need. Banning social networking is not only inappropriate but also borderline irresponsible when it comes to providing the best educational experiences for students. Schools and school districts have the option of educating safe media usage as well as incorporating
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A cyberpsychology research study conducted by Australian researchers demonstrated that a number of positive psychological outcomes are related to Facebook use. These researchers established that people can derive a sense of social connectedness and belongingness in the online environment.
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are screened against the state licensing board list of practitioners. A new trend is emerging with social networks created to help its members with various physical and mental ailments. For people suffering from life-altering diseases or chronic health conditions, companies such as
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became the first popular social networking service in Brazil (although most of its very first users were from the United States) and quickly grew in popularity in India (Madhavan, 2007). There was a rapid increase in social networking sites' popularity; in 2005, MySpace had more
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technologies built into most social networking services promote conferencing, interaction, creation, research on a global scale, enabling educators to share, remix, and repurpose curriculum resources. In short, social networking services can become research networks as well as
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Building up to the 2012 presidential election, it was interesting to see how strong the influence of social media would be following the 2008 campaigns, where Obama's winning campaign had been social media-heavy, whereas McCain's campaign did not really grasp social media.
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by researchers, especially to disseminate and discuss their publications, where it seems to attract an audience that it wider than just other scientists. The usage of ResearchGate and Academia in different academic communities has increasingly been studied in recent years.
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Importantly, this online social connectedness was associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety, and greater levels of subjective well-being. These findings suggest that the nature of online social networking determines the outcomes of online social network use.
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Professional use of social networking services refers to the employment of a network site to connect with other professionals within a given field of interest. These type of social networking services are referred to as "Career-oriented social networking markets (CSNM)".
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announced its entrance into the location-based social networking space through check-ins with their mobile app; whether or not this becomes detrimental to Foursquare or Gowalla is yet to be seen, as it is still considered a new space in the Internet technology industry.
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contracts were introduced to the weighted basket of currencies and commodities that determine the floating exchange value of Ven. The introduction of carbon to the calculation price of the currency made Ven the first and only currency that is linked to the environment.
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A 2015 study shows that 85% of people aged 18 to 34 use social networking sites for their purchase decision making. While over 65% of people aged 55 and over-rely on word of mouth. Several websites are beginning to tap into the power of the social networking model for
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skills in choosing to navigate through social networking services. This includes elementary items such as sending an instant message or updating a status. The development of new media skills are paramount in helping youth navigate the digital world with confidence.
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in phones to create a location-based user experience. Clixtr, though in the real-time space, is also a location-based social networking site, since events created by users are automatically geotagged, and users can view events occurring nearby through the Clixtr
750:, with social networking concepts. Instead of connecting individuals based on social interest, companies are developing interactive communities that connect individuals based on shared business needs or experiences. Many provide specialized networking tools and
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are confident that social networking encourages the development of transferable, technical, and social skills of value in formal and informal learning. In a formal learning environment, goals or objectives are determined by an outside department or agency.
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is Facebook Mobile. Recently, Twitter has also introduced fact check labels to combat misinformation which was primarily spread due to the coronavirus but also has had an impact on debunking false claims by Donald Trump in the 2020 election.
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others outside their preexisting social group or location, liberating them to form communities around shared interests, as opposed to shared geography. Other researchers have suggested that the professional use of network sites produce "
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prescribed curriculum. When learning experiences are infused into a website student utilize every day for fun, students realize that learning can and should be a part of everyday life. It does not have to be separate and unattached.
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students and parents report few problem behaviors online. Social networks focused on supporting relationships between teachers and their students are now used for learning, educators professional development, and content sharing.
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and other social networking tools are increasingly the aims of scholarly research. Scholars in many fields have begun to investigate the impact of social networking sites, investigating how such sites may play into issues of
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Few social networks charge money for membership. In part, this may be because social networking is a relatively new service, and the value of using them has not been firmly established in customers' minds. Companies such as
1538:, a video-sharing and social networking application, on political expression. The application, besides being a creative space to express oneself, has been used maliciously to spread disinformation ahead of US President
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The use of social networking services in an enterprise context presents the potential of having a major impact on the world of business and work. Social networks connect people at low cost; this can be beneficial for
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their personality into their profile – making it more personal than a resume. Similar websites to LinkedIn (also geared towards companies and industry professionals looking for work opportunities) to connect include
377:" and search for other users with similar interests. New social networking methods were developed by the end of the 1990s, and many sites began to develop more advanced features for users to find and manage friends.
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Depending on the platform, members may be able to contact any other member. In other cases, members can contact anyone they have a connection to, and subsequently anyone that contact has a connection to, and so on.
153:(such as age or occupation or religion), means to connect with friends (usually with self-description pages), and a recommendation system linked to trust. One can categorize social-network services into four types:
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make it easier to keep in touch with contacts around the world. Applications for social networking sites have extended toward businesses and brands are creating their own, high functioning sites, a sector known as
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emphasizes that these feelings of poor mental health have been suggested to cause people to take time off from their Facebook accounts; this action is called "Facebook Fatigue" and has been common in recent years.
1580:, and help them communicate with business owners interested in their suggestion. This process is often used to subdivide tedious work or to fund-raise startup companies and charities, and can also occur offline.
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Davis, Donald Carrington (2007). "Myspace Isn't Your Space: Expanding the Fair Credit Reporting Act to Ensure Accountability and Fairness in Employer Searches of Online Social Networking Services".
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police force has sifted pictures from Facebook and arrested some people who had been photographed in a public place holding a weapon such as a knife (having a weapon in a public place is illegal).
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Web-based social networking services make it possible to connect people who share interests and activities across political, economic, and geographic borders. Through e-mail and instant messaging,
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584:, high-speed networking shifts online representation to one which is both visual and relational to other people, complexifying the identity process for younger people and creating new forms of
616:. There has also been a marked increase in political violence and abuse through social media platforms. For instance, one study by Ward and McLoughlin found that 2.57% of all messages sent to
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A digital artifact created by large numbers of user comments of multiple purposes (condemnation and support) and tones (aggressive and cordial) that appear rapidly and recede shortly after
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instantiate participation, collaboration, distribution, dispersion of expertise, and relatedness. Registered users share and search for knowledge which contributes to informal learning.
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statistical analysis) and disseminate the information to e.g. mobility-challenged individuals for e.g. avoiding the specific areas and optimizing their journey in an urban environment.
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The advent of social networking platforms may also be impacting the ways in which learners engage with technology in general. For a number of years, Prensky's (2001) dichotomy between
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source. While social networking sites have arguably changed how we access the news, users tend to have mixed opinions about the reliability of content accessed through these sites.
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platform, has taken an integral place to connect people located around the world and facilitate many online environments such as school, university, work and government meetings.
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Mlaïki, Alya; Walsh, Isabelle; Kalika, Michel (February 17, 2017). "Why Do We Continue Using Social Networking Sites? The Giving Loop that feeds Computer-Mediated Social Ties".
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Albayrak, D.; Yildirim, Z (2015). "Using Social Networking Sites for Teaching and Learning: Students' Involvement in and Acceptance of Facebook as a Course Management System".
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The potential for computer networking to facilitate newly improved forms of computer-mediated social interaction was suggested early on. Efforts to support social networks via
6706:"An integrated information lifecycle management framework for exploiting social network data to identify dynamic large crowd concentration events in smart cities applications"
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existed since the earliest development of towns, the web enables people to connect with others who live in different locations across the globe (dependent on access to an
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Social networks are being used by activists as a means of low-cost grassroots organizing. Extensive use of an array of social networking sites enabled organizers of 2009
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7267:"Plumbing the mysterious practices of 'digital youth': In the first public report from a 'seminal' study, UC Berkeley scholars shed light on kids' use of Web 2.0 tools"
4126:
Cramer, Emily M.; Song, Hayeon; Drent, Adam M. (November 2016). "Social comparison on Facebook: Motivation, affective consequences, self-esteem, and Facebook fatigue".
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instructors and educators as a frivolous, time-wasting distraction from schoolwork, and it is not uncommon to be banned in junior high or high school computer labs.
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3254:
727:". Real-time allows users to contribute contents, which is then broadcast as it is being uploaded—the concept is analogous to live radio and television broadcasts.
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to maintain contact and often this blurs the lines between work and home lives. Users from around the world also utilise social networking sites as an alternative
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2715:
Kane, Gerald C.; Alavi, Maryam; Labianca, Giuseppe; Borgatti, Stephen P. (2014). "What's Different about Social Media Networks? A Framework and Research Agenda".
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are their potentialities in terms of dissemination of information and the ability to reach and multiple professional contacts exponentially. Social networks like
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former digital and social media guru, commented that Donald Trump is "way better at the internet than anyone else in the GOP which is partly why he is winning".
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Hofer, Matthias; Aubert, Viviane (November 2013). "Perceived bridging and bonding social capital on Twitter: Differentiating between followers and followees".
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set the trend for "real-time" services, wherein users can broadcast to the world what they are doing, or what is on their minds within a 140-character limit.
4738:
Ferri, Fernando; Grifoni, Patrizia; Guzzo, Tiziana (September 20, 2011). "New forms of social and professional digital relationships: the case of Facebook".
381:, a community for online diarists, invented both friends-only content and the reader comment, two features of social networks important to user interaction.
259:
Positive (92–97%) and negative (3–8%) tie relationships can be managed using high sophisticated coordination mechanisms such as argumentation and negotiation
7253:
Cao, Jinwei; Basoglu, Kamile; Sheng, Hong; Lowry, Paul Benjamin (June 1, 2015). "A Systematic Review of Social Networking Research in Information Systems".
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Social networking services vary in format and the number of features. They can incorporate a range of new information and communication tools, operating on
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dissidents. Another political application of social media is promoting the involvement of younger generations in politics and ongoing political issues.
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to mobilize an estimated 200,000 participants to march on Washington with a cost savings of up to 85% per participant over previous methods. The August
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Mackey, Jesica; McClure, Theresa; Heilman, Laura; Darbouze, Michael (January 4, 2017). "Perspectives from the Field: 21st Century Public Involvement".
6508:
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Levin, Daniel Z.; Cross, Rob (November 2004). "The Strength of Weak Ties You Can Trust: The Mediating Role of Trust in Effective Knowledge Transfer".
1039:. In contrast, however, 70% of social media using teens and 85% of adults believe that people are mostly kind to one another on social network sites.
5417:
Doering, Aaron; Beach, Richard; O'Brien, David (October 2007). "Infusing Multimodal Tools and Digital Literacies into an English Education Program".
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3116:
8649:
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Buettner, Ricardo; Buettner, Katharina (2016). "A Systematic Literature Review of Twitter Research from a Socio-Political Revolution Perspective".
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A social trade network is a service that allows participants interested in specific trade sectors to share related contents and personal opinions.
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Kousiouris, George; Akbar, Adnan; Sancho, Juan; Ta-shma, Paula; Psychas, Alexandros; Kyriazis, Dimosthenis; Varvarigou, Theodora (January 2018).
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recorded world's largest growth in terms of social media users in 2013. A 2013 survey found that 73% of U.S. adults use social-networking sites.
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3137:
Romm-Livermore, C. & Setzekorn, K. (2008). Social Networking Communities and E-Dating Services: Concepts and Implications. IGI Global. p.271
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Obar, Jonathan A.; Wildman, Steve (October 2015). "Social media definition and the governance challenge: An introduction to the special issue".
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other registered users from the same school, which often include resident assistants and campus police who have signed up for the service. One
1183:), probation, and university officials to prosecute users of said sites. In some situations, content posted on MySpace has been used in court.
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Bakker, Tom P.; de Vreese, Claes H. (January 20, 2011). "Good News for the Future? Young People, Internet Use, and Political Participation".
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online social networks are decentralized and distributed computer networks where users communicate with each other through Internet services.
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2603:. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Vol. 39. pp. 1–10.
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is a web hosting service that specifically hosts the user creation of web-based social networking services, alongside related applications.
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Each social networking user is able to create a community that centers around a personal identity they choose to create online. In his book
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The following is a list of the largest social networking services, in order by number of active users, as of January 2024, as published by
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Research has provided us with mixed results as to whether or not a person's involvement in social networking can affect their feelings of
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to use for social networking services. These technologies are often referred to as social engine or social networking engine software.
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6483:
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Kaplan, Andreas M.; Haenlein, Michael (January 2010). "Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media".
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Heylighen, Francis (2007). "Why is Open Access Development so Successful?". In B. Lutterbeck, M. Barwolff; R. A. Gehring (eds.).
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is a collaborative social network space for new modes of learning and research in higher education, K-12, and lifelong learning;
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followed suit with their "Live Feed" where users' activities are streamed as soon as it happens. While Twitter focuses on words,
7311:
6433:
6272:
3652:
boyd, danah (December 3, 2007). "Why Youth (Heart) Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked Publics in Teenage Social Life".
3079:(April 27, 1997). Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet (Perspectives). Wiley-IEEE Computer Society P.
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is also a website that offers support groups for a wide array of topics and conditions, including the support topics offered by
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There have been attempts to standardize these services to avoid the need to duplicate entries of friends and interests (see the
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used for global transactions among members, product sales and financial trades in commodities and carbon credits. In May 2010,
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6150:, March 2, 2001. Retrieved October 26, 2009. Description of the autonomous business model used in social networking services.
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with other people who share similar personal or career content, interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.
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Except through blocking (e.g., Twitter) or hiding (e.g., Facebook) limited support to deal with negative tie relationships
131:
before they contact them online. Some services require members to have a preexisting connection to contact other members.
30:
This article is about the type of service. For the social science theoretical concept of relationships between people, see
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While the number of cognitively manageable ties is limited to about 150, most people report having 14–56 ties at average
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35:
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3098:, The WELL: A Story of Love, Death and Real Life in the Seminal Online Community (2001) Carroll & Graf Publishers
1778:*Platforms have not published updated user figures in the past 12 months, figures may be out of date and less reliable
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6132:
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5942:
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5520:
5012:"ResearchGate and Academia.edu as networked socio-technical systems for scholarly communication: a literature review"
4965:
Thelwall, Mike; Kousha, Kayvan (February 2017). "ResearchGate articles: Age, discipline, audience size, and impact".
4920:
Thelwall, Mike; Kousha, Kayvan (May 2015). "ResearchGate: Disseminating, communicating, and measuring Scholarship?".
4037:
3981:"Are You Feeling Lonely? The Impact of Relationship Characteristics and Online Social Network Features on Loneliness"
3320:
3103:
3084:
2907:
De Meo, Pasquale; Ferrara, Emilio; Fiumara, Giacomo; Provetti, Alessandro (2014). "On Facebook, most ties are weak".
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960:, are explicitly education-focused and couple instructional content with an educational peer environment. The new
127:, a career-oriented social-networking service, generally requires that a member personally know another member in
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296:
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3331:
2407:"Too Much of a Good Thing? The Relationship Between Number of Friends and Interpersonal Impressions on Facebook"
8545:
5304:
3861:"Facebook Preferred by Youngsters. Older lot still prefer "Word of Mouth" as the Most Trusted Source of Medium"
2791:
Landes, Jürgen; Buettner, Ricardo (2012). "Argumentation–Based Negotiation? Negotiation–Based Argumentation!".
1843:
1097:
3429:
3281:
2642:"Personality as a predictor of Business Social Media Usage: an Empirical Investigation of Xing Usage Patterns"
698:
The things you share are things that make you look good, things which you are happy to tie into your identity.
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8262:
5305:"The Benefits of Facebook "Friends:" Social Capital and College Student's Use of Online Social Network Sites"
5273:
5115:
3124:
1595:
7266:
7162:"Most famous social network sites worldwide as of July 2023, ranked by number of active users (in millions)"
2599:
Buettner, Ricardo (2010). "Cooperation in Hunting and Food-Sharing: A Two-Player Bio-inspired Trust Model".
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have credited social networking sites with providing a platform for planning protest and sharing news from
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into the classroom experience, thus preparing students for the literacy they will encounter in the future.
868:
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socialization social network services used primarily for socializing with existing friends or users (e.g.,
4220:
Buckels, Erin E.; Trapnell, Paul D.; Paulhus, Delroy L. (September 2014). "Trolls just want to have fun".
1282:
ensure that the nation is on a vigorous and sustainable path to achieving its boldest aspirations in space
185:
social network services used primarily for helping users to find specific information or resources (e.g.,
9492:
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8943:
6666:
6395:
4709:
3302:
Thelwall, M. & Stuart, D. (2010). Social Network Sites. In Panayiotis Zaphiris & Chee Siang Ang,
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gained popularity as it allowed for users to check into places that they are frequenting at that moment.
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2192:"73% Of U.S. Adults Use Social Networks, Pinterest Passes Twitter In Popularity, Facebook Stays On Top"
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908:
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6405:
Throwing Sheep in the Boardroom: How Online Social Networking Will Transform Your Life, Work and World
4651:"Social Networks, Learning, and Flexibility: Sourcing Scientific Knowledge in New Biotechnology Firms"
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1072:
were similarly considered to have escalated and been fuelled by this type of grassroots organization.
315:). Many prototypical features of social networking sites were also present in online services such as
9389:
9284:
9208:
9021:
8958:
8948:
8426:
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Grieve; et al. (2013). "Face-to-Face or Facebook? Can social connectedness be derived online?".
2443:"Is LinkedIn making you more successful? The informational benefits derived from public social media"
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1265:
568:
514:
6215:
5630:
5238:
4934:
4505:
2826:"A User's Cognitive Workload Perspective in Negotiation Support Systems: An Eye-tracking Experiment"
175:
networking social network services used primarily for non-social interpersonal communication (e.g.,
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9233:
9218:
7815:
7538:
7493:
5713:
5552:"Enhancing Classroom Learning Experience by Providing Structures to Microblogging-Based Activities"
4309:
2752:"The State of the Art in Automated Negotiation Models of the Behavior and. Information Perspective"
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Reverse Engineering Social Media: Software, Culture, and Political Economy in New Media Capitalism
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3748:"People say they regularly see false and misleading content on social media – but also new ideas"
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Tong, Stephanie Tom; Van Der Heide, Brandon; Langwell, Lindsey; Walther, Joseph B. (April 2008).
1798:
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852:
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is another such service that functions in much the same way that Foursquare does, leveraging the
320:
236:
Huge number of ties technologically possible, but average number is limited, e.g., Facebook: 395
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election campaigns, in which Obama has dominated his opponents in terms of social media space.
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Social networking sites have recently showed a value in social and political movements. In the
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undeniable that social networking sites are quickly becoming the new way to find dates online.
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605:
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opting to use social networking services instead. Many popular online dating services such as
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Social networking sites can be used by consumers to create a social media firestorm which is "
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8842:
8523:
8211:
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7640:
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4032:
Cover, Rob (2016). Digital Identities: Creating and Communicating the Online Self. Elsevier.
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in incorporating social media, as social media acts best and is most effective in real time.
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1088:
In addition, employers have been found to use social network sites to screen job candidates.
1007:
900:
791:
449:, which launched in 2004 and became the largest social networking site in the world in 2009.
312:
6166:
2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)
5707:
Taylor, Gina; Rozi, Kristina (2010). Current Issues and Trends: Social Networking (Report).
3459:
2228:"Getting a job via career-oriented social networking markets: The weakness of too many ties"
2191:
362:– took a different approach by simply having people link to each other via email addresses.
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Liebeskind, Julia Porter; Oliver, Amalya Lumerman; Zucker, Lynne; Brewer, Marilynn (1996).
3013:
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1873:
1823:
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1204:
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online debate. The impact in this abuse has found impacts through the prevalence of online
117:
having a massive 2.13 billion active monthly users and an average of 1.4 billion
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and SoberCircle. Some social networks aim to encourage healthy lifestyles in their users.
8:
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5683:
Confronting the challenges of participatory culture: Media education for the 21st century
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384:
This newer generation of social networking sites began to flourish with the emergence of
373:
became a central feature of social networking sites, allowing users to compile lists of "
7129:
6859:
6840:
6824:
6201:
Bargh, John A.; McKenna, Katelyn Y. A. (February 2004). "The Internet and Social Life".
6136:
3017:
2751:
2530:
2513:
Gonçalves, Bruno; Perra, Nicola; Vespignani, Alessandro; Perc, Matjaz (August 3, 2011).
1179:. The information posted on sites such as MySpace and Facebook has been used by police (
9193:
9188:
9183:
9173:
9163:
9026:
8893:
8181:
7745:
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Hamlet's Blackberry: a practical philosophy for building a good life in the digital age
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6907:
6872:
6825:"The digital repression of social movements, protest, and activism: A synthetic review"
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4003:
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3585:
3534:
Mackaay, Ejan (1990). "Economic Incentives in Markets for Information and Innovation".
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118:
7405:, by Esteban Ortiz-Ospina (Our World in Data, Sep. 18, 2019) – Includes graph showing
5815:
5108:
Lenhart, Amanda; Purcell, Kristen; Smith, Aaron; Zickuhr, Kathryn (February 3, 2010).
2140:
903:
websites (which focus on freelance work) also exist. There are also a number of other
689:
from others' posts and comments depending on implementation, and external back links.
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Shearer, Elisa; Barthel, Michael; Gottfried, Jeffrey; Mitchell, Amy (July 14, 2015).
3676:
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3316:
3251:"From Friendster To MySpace To Facebook: The Evolution and Deaths Of Social Networks"
3099:
3080:
3039:
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2804:
2795:. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Vol. 123. pp. 149–162.
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2006:
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released an article sharing the finding of two researchers who studied the impact of
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5048:"On the Rapid Rise of Social Networking Sites: New Findings and Policy Implications"
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4891:
4759:
4291:
4201:"A New, More Rigorous Study Confirms: The More You Use Facebook, the Worse You Feel"
4007:
3887:
3589:
3168:
2938:
2736:
2626:
2468:
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2032:
94:. This may feature digital photo/video/sharing and diary entries online (blogging).
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Disconnected: Why our kids are turning their backs on everything we thought we knew
7208:"Online social networking on campus: understanding what matters in student culture"
7201:
An essay on the features that seem to define the social network aspect of a product
7134:
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6854:
6844:
6762:
6720:
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Advances in Social Network Analysis: Research in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
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3995:
3950:"50% of British employers have banned Facebook from the office. What do you think?"
3821:
3817:
3639:. Pre-proceedings version. ACM Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society (WPES)
3577:
3568:
Ariel, Yaron; Avidar, Ruth (2014). "Information, Interactivity, and Social Media".
3156:
3029:
3021:
2961:
2952:
Freeman, Linton C. (1977). "A Set of Measures of Centrality Based on Betweenness".
2926:
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Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives
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2728:
2724:
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2544:
2534:
2454:
2418:
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Connected: the surprising power of our social networks and how they shape our lives
2322:
2313:
Granovetter, Mark (1983). "The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited".
2276:
2239:
2136:
2078:
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2018:
1958:
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1303:
978:
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in 2003. Cyworld also became one of the first companies to profit from the sale of
95:
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UK children go online: surveying the experiences of young people and their parents
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Sharples, Mike; Graber, Rebecca; Harrison, Colin; Logan, Kit (January 16, 2009).
7207:
7048:"Can Donald Trump's social media genius take him all the way to the White House?"
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Miritello, Giovanna; Lara, Rubén; Cebrian, Manuel; Moro, Esteban (June 6, 2013).
2800:
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1962:
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both played an allegedly pivotal role in keeping people connected to the revolt.
1459:
offer community and social networking tools for peer support during weight loss.
1409:
1346:
1268:. Likewise, NASA has taken advantage of a few social networking tools, including
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was first used in 2004 and is often used to describe social networking services.
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72:
7700:
6505:"Online Dating vs. Social Networking – Which Will Emerge as Premier Matchmaker?"
5983:"Facebook profile picture appearance affects recruiters' first hiring decisions"
5917:"March 2.0: success of the National Equality March relied on social media tools"
5361:
5111:
Social Media & Mobile Internet Use Among Teens and Young Adults. Millennials
4539:"Yelp Enables Check-Ins On Its iPhone App; Foursquare, Gowalla Ousted As Mayors"
3630:
Information Revelation and Privacy in Online Social Networks (The Facebook case)
2608:
2082:
1782:**Figure uses daily active users, so monthly active user number is likely higher
1220:
public that 'like' or 'share' activity on social media could land them in prison
794:
tool, for recruiting, to learn about new technologies and competitors, and as a
685:
to their profile. Users are advised to do so with caution, since it could break
9417:
9296:
9127:
9087:
8923:
8782:
8754:
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8487:
8398:
8332:
8322:
8257:
7996:
7986:
7810:
6399:
6161:
6125:
Web Business Engineering: Using Offline Activities to Drive Internet Strategies
5380:
4233:
4158:"Association of Facebook Use With Compromised Well-Being: A Longitudinal Study"
4070:"Association of Facebook Use With Compromised Well-Being: A Longitudinal Study"
3806:"A Problem of Amplification: Folklore and Fake News in the Age of Social Media"
3068:
1903:
1898:
1833:
1456:
1448:
1439:
1435:
1421:
1417:
1376:
1298:
1276:. The NSA is taking advantage of them all. NASA is using such tools to aid the
1014:
953:
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642:
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522:
385:
359:
343:
324:
150:
143:
68:
31:
8352:
5982:
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4751:
4456:
4139:
2585:
2244:
2227:
47:
Illustrations showing various icons of some popular social networking services
9545:
9525:
9487:
9472:
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9112:
9011:
8787:
8528:
8156:
7880:
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7720:
7608:
7411:
7192:
6903:
5998:
5150:
4430:
4336:
4283:
4275:
3829:
3407:
2515:"Modeling Users' Activity on Twitter Networks: Validation of Dunbar's Number"
2459:
2442:
2379:
2267:
Dunbar, R. (November 14, 2003). "PSYCHOLOGY: Evolution of the Social Brain".
1970:
1555:
1493:
1444:
1307:
1044:
1036:
1031:
1003:
720:
666:
609:
526:
502:
417:
43:
5681:
4826:"Scientific Social Networks: Different Approaches for Different Disciplines"
4791:
4650:
2280:
1412:
systems inside social networks create new opportunities for global finance.
9274:
9046:
8758:
8497:
8272:
7938:
7908:
7870:
7835:
7825:
7630:
6868:
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6007:
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5763:
4810:
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4183:
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3215:
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1893:
1539:
1350:
1311:
1294:
1249:
920:
916:
834:
822:
746:
Companies have begun to merge business technologies and solutions, such as
550:
498:
486:
370:
347:
64:
5624:
Gardner, J. Clark (2010). Facebook's Potential in the Classroom (Report).
5028:
5011:
2825:
2641:
2483:
9354:
8670:
8665:
8588:
8492:
8367:
8362:
8312:
8116:
8076:
7885:
7650:
7603:
7548:
7286:
7017:"How Obama Won the Social Media Battle in the 2012 Presidential Campaign"
6753:
Auer, Matthew R. (November 2011). "The Policy Sciences of Social Media".
5744:
4666:
4393:
4174:
4157:
4086:
4069:
3223:
2992:"Limited communication capacity unveils strategies for human interaction"
2059:
1452:
1413:
1384:
1261:
759:
709:
494:
405:
397:
5795:
Davis, Michelle R. (June 16, 2010). "Social Networking Goes to School".
5513:
E-Learning and Social Networking Handbook Resources for Higher Education
5438:
5430:
3216:"Japan's Social Game Giant Mixi Sees More M&As Coming in the Future"
2105:
1542:'s Tulsa rally in Oklahoma and amplified footage of police brutality at
681:(or "handle", distinct from the "display name"), which could change the
9427:
9203:
9041:
8968:
8696:
8603:
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7943:
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7645:
7593:
7508:
7196:
5416:
5159:
4987:
4883:
4674:
4506:"Pinterest is Now the No. 3 Social Network in the U.S. [STUDY]"
3482:
2973:
1918:
1756:
1746:
1573:
1393:
782:
662:
638:
557:
409:
389:
378:
355:
332:
91:
6316:"Government Agencies Establishing Presence on Social-Networking Sites"
5302:
4978:
4943:
4875:
3025:
2334:
1804:
Comparison of research networking tools and research profiling systems
1590:
Comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking
1500:
Perhaps the most significant political application of social media is
533:. Research has also suggested that individuals add offline friends on
9439:
9422:
8462:
8317:
8302:
8277:
8236:
8231:
8111:
8066:
8046:
8041:
8001:
7800:
7775:
7755:
7735:
7618:
7583:
7568:
7211:
6692:
Comprehensive listing of medical applications using social networking
5404:
Digital Literacy and Participation in Online Social Networking Spaces
4198:
1766:
1655:
1460:
1342:
957:
880:
740:
686:
678:
577:
530:
374:
363:
351:
248:
186:
162:
128:
6430:
MySpace, Facebook Add Opportunity for Love, Trouble to Online Dating
5556:
Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice
3315:
Knapp, E. (2005). A Parent's Guide to MySpace. DayDream Publishers.
2965:
2930:
2673:
2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)
1322:" is becoming increasingly popular for these types of applications.
1175:
Social networking services are increasingly being used in legal and
9499:
8372:
8297:
8292:
8161:
8141:
8071:
8016:
7981:
7928:
7805:
7780:
7765:
7715:
7635:
7553:
7166:
5730:
Situated Language and Learning: A Critique of Traditional Schooling
5458:
Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management
4510:
2326:
1828:
1726:
1716:
1644:
1624:
1607:
1577:
1481:
1397:
1389:
1380:
1253:
1237:
1217:
1122:
1013:
Social networking services provide a virtual "space" for learners.
991:
983:
934:
Now other social network sites are also being used in this manner.
928:
896:
888:
875:
830:
826:
755:
732:
534:
509:
446:
438:
425:
336:
308:
176:
158:
124:
114:
6823:
Earl, Jennifer; Maher, Thomas V.; Pan, Jennifer (March 11, 2022).
5764:"Back to the 'wall': How to use Facebook in the college classroom"
5568:
5470:
5453:
5109:
3059:
by S. Roxanne Hiltz and Murray Turoff (Addison-Wesley, 1978, 1993)
3008:
2921:
743:
had become the third largest social network in the United States.
214:
Differences between offline and online social networking services
9407:
8707:
8702:
8583:
8403:
8287:
8006:
7976:
7918:
7913:
7890:
7860:
7855:
7845:
7705:
7680:
7528:
7463:
7458:
6466:
6095:"Tim Cook ripped apart Google's Business Model in Two Paragraphs"
5260:
5214:"7 professional network alternatives to LinkedIn for job seekers"
4967:
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology
4922:
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology
4864:
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology
4622:
2601:
Bioinspired Models of Network, Information, and Computing Systems
1736:
1634:
1485:
1464:
1354:
1269:
1209:
1118:
961:
935:
769:
728:
621:
585:
581:
518:
421:
413:
401:
304:
166:
7273:, University of California, Berkeley, NewsCenter, April 28, 2008
5401:
4577:. Marketing-Jive, November 18, 2007. Retrieved October 26, 2009.
2404:
208:
9477:
9412:
8792:
8241:
8196:
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8151:
8091:
8036:
8031:
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7958:
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7820:
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7740:
7725:
7670:
7543:
7523:
7518:
7503:
7498:
7488:
7478:
7473:
7468:
6543:
6054:
5964:. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1994, pp. 254–273.
5647:"New Media Literacy Education (NMLE): A Developmental Approach"
4775:"How scientists use social media to communicate their research"
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Van Eperen, Laura; Marincola, Francesco M (November 15, 2011).
4151:
4149:
3979:
Matook, Sabine; Cummings, Jeff; Bala, Hillol (April 15, 2015).
3772:
3426:"Social Networks: Facebook Takes Over Top Spot, Twitter Climbs"
1929:
List of social platforms with at least 100 million active users
1705:
1675:
1665:
1569:
1535:
1372:
1273:
859:
and out-of-class communication among instructors and students.
778:
736:
658:
442:
300:
190:
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4480:"Facebook Users Are Uploading 350 Million New Photos Each Day"
4310:"Turds, traitors and tossers: the abuse of UK MPs via Twitter"
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Shakya, Holly B.; Christakis, Nicholas A. (January 16, 2017).
4068:
Shakya, Holly B.; Christakis, Nicholas A. (January 16, 2017).
574:
Digital Identities: Creating and Communicating the Online Self
9397:
8691:
8347:
8327:
8267:
8246:
8226:
8221:
8206:
8201:
8171:
8126:
8106:
8011:
7875:
7760:
7750:
7655:
7588:
7483:
5700:
3188:
924:
704:
670:
433:
202:
6703:
4733:
4731:
4648:
4442:
4146:
2906:
2512:
2165:"India records highest social networking growth Rate: Study"
2007:"Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship"
346:
began in the form of generalized online communities such as
9530:
9520:
8712:
8131:
8121:
7991:
7953:
7695:
7675:
7623:
7613:
7578:
7358:
5239:
13 Awesome Professional Networking Alternatives to LinkedIn
1353:
are seeing a decrease in users, where social networks like
884:
538:
429:
393:
27:
Online platform that facilitates the building of relations
8871:
List of virtual communities with more than 1 million users
6961:"10 Social Media lessons - Barack Obama election campaign"
5107:
4199:
Holly B. Shakya; Nicholas A. Christakis (April 10, 2017).
3140:
7598:
7323:
5045:
4728:
4568:"Jody Nimetz on Emerging Trends in B2B Social Networking"
4382:
4380:
2714:
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2073:
Joseph, R. (1993), "Touch Me—Feel Me—Feed Me— Kiss Me!",
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682:
6137:"Week 1: The Business Model Approach to Web Site Design"
6069:"As Applications Blossom, Facebook Is Open for Business"
5762:
Muñoz, Caroline Lego; Towner, Terri (December 1, 2011).
4360:"How to Change Your Instagram Username and Display Name"
2989:
1002:
Social networking services foster learning through what
273:
9–37 strong ties and 68–131 weak/latent ties on average
7322:
Glaser, Mark, Your Guide to Social Networking Online",
6338:"NSA Collecting Social Media Information from Citizens"
3697:"Usage of social media as a news source worldwide 2020"
2985:
2983:
2135:. Advances in Computers. Vol. 76. pp. 19–73.
1188:
677:
Social media platforms may allow users to change their
5736:
4377:
4219:
1985:
1942:
790:
social media: to create brand awareness, as an online
5816:"Social Networking: The Unharnessed Educational Tool"
4562:
4560:
1601:
1161:, bullying, social anxiety and potential for misuse.
270:
2–8 strong ties and 12–48 weak/latent ties on average
149:
The main types of social networking services contain
8753:
7252:
6987:"Obama and the Power of Social Media and Technology"
5886:"Thumbs up: Facebook might actually be good for you"
5645:
Graber, Diana; Mendoza, Kelly (September 10, 2013).
5046:
Livingstone, Sonia; Brake, David R (December 2010).
3596:
2980:
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5250:
3 Websites to Help you Find Volunteer Opportunities
4857:"Academia.edu: Social network or Academic Network?"
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3775:"The Evolving Role of News on Twitter and Facebook"
3405:: Facebook's social network graphing: article from
2005:boyd, danah M.; Ellison, Nicole B. (October 2007).
1594:There are a number of projects that aim to develop
299:were made in many early online services, including
7206:Alemán, Ana M. Martínez; Wartman, Katherine Lynk,
6927:Obama and the Power of Social Media and Technology
5743:Livingstone, Sonia; Bober, Magdalena (July 2004).
4557:
3978:
3723:"How Social Media Has Changed How We Consume News"
3481:
2855:Christakis, Nicholas A.; Fowler, James H. (2009).
2710:
2708:
2357:
2308:
2306:
1428:
7240:Always on: language in an online and mobile world
7078:"How Social Media Is Shaping Political Campaigns"
6364:"OSTP Press Release Announcing Review (pdf, 50k)"
6293:"Police use Facebook to identify weapon carriers"
4737:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4113:
3752:Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech
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1278:Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee
754:that can be accessed via their websites, such as
251:, LinkedIn, XING) and asymmetric (e.g., Twitter)
9543:
7310:Else, Liz; Turkle, Sherry (September 13, 2006).
5742:
5136:
4155:
4067:
3920:"Half of employees banned from Facebook at work"
2854:
2670:
2356:Christakis, Nicholas A; Fowler, James H (2009).
2355:
1819:Gender differences in social network service use
1171:Use of social network websites in investigations
6889:
4125:
2705:
2484:"Innovative Personality-based Digital Services"
2303:
2221:
2219:
2217:
1392:, both public and private. One such service is
1258:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
7441:
7361:"E-safety and Web 2.0 for children aged 11–16"
7347:, Philadelphia: Temple University Press 2014,
5596:"How to Integrate Technology in the Classroom"
5454:"Social Networking in Undergraduate Education"
5445:
5362:"Teacher peer support in social network sites"
4964:
4919:
4854:
4618:"Facebook comments, ads don't sway most users"
4307:
4110:
3360:, seattlepi.com, November 2, 2009 9:56 p.m. PT
3146:
2790:
1264:where people can explore caves or explore the
580:argues that social networking's foundation in
477:Sociology of the Internet § Social impact
9328:
8739:
8625:Issues relating to social networking services
7427:
6667:"Social Networking: Now Professionally Ready"
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5644:
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3351:Tapping into growing market for virtual goods
2167:. news.biharprabha.com. IANS. July 26, 2014.
1560:Crowdsourcing social media platform, such as
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1153:Issues relating to social networking services
209:Offline and online social networking services
7312:"Living online: I'll have to ask my friends"
7011:
7009:
7007:
6958:
6822:
6559:"Wall street journal blog article about Ven"
6200:
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5510:
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3275:
2214:
1157:Social networking services have led to many
6954:
6952:
6589:"Virtual currency used for commodity trade"
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5617:
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4254:
3647:
3645:
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6480:Online Dating: Can Social Networks Cut In?
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3670:
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7279:Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy
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3888:"A New Generation Reinvents Philanthropy"
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2243:
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927:networks finally allow for searching for
799:21% use Pinterest, and 22% use LinkedIn.
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8676:Decentralized Social Networking Protocol
6949:
5673:
5614:
5511:Mason, Robin, and Rennie, Frank (2008).
5410:
5296:
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5039:
4028:
4026:
3779:Pew Research Center's Journalism Project
3642:
3423:
3304:Social Computing and Virtual Communities
2823:
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2598:
2481:
2225:
2130:
1502:Barack Obama's election campaign in 2008
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1203:
1059:
655:interoperability between social networks
624:were found to contain abusive messages.
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6798:"The faces of Egypt's 'Revolution 2.0'"
6256:, use of its content in the courtroom:
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5550:Luo, Tian; Gao, Fei (January 1, 2012).
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5096:
3610:from the original on September 30, 2015
3533:
3114:
2951:
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2431:
1583:
1403:
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14:
9544:
8681:Distributed Social Networking Protocol
7104:"TikTok Is Shaping Politics. But How?"
6937:from the original on November 18, 2019
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6615:"Virtual Currencies as Commodities?"
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4518:from the original on August 9, 2012
3900:from the original on August 9, 2017
3867:from the original on April 26, 2016
3671:Woodman, Dan; Wyn, Johanna (2015).
3424:Kazeniac, Andy (February 9, 2009).
3249:Island, Long (September 30, 2010).
3196:from the original on March 23, 2019
2824:Buettner, Ricardo (June 27, 2016).
2640:Buettner, Ricardo (June 27, 2016).
2482:Buettner, Ricardo (June 27, 2016).
2440:
2171:from the original on August 3, 2014
1083:Advances in Social Network Analysis
862:
632:
591:According to a recent article from
67:platform which people use to build
24:
8866:List of social networking services
7185:
6713:Future Generation Computer Systems
6673:from the original on July 15, 2011
6557:Jordan, Andy (September 9, 2009).
5274:"Social Networking Goes to School"
4901:from the original on July 10, 2019
4740:Social Network Analysis and Mining
4545:from the original on March 7, 2011
4317:The Journal of Legislative Studies
3720:
3428:. Blog.compete.com. Archived from
3230:from the original on July 15, 2018
3117:"Where are they now: TheGlobe.com"
2386:from the original on March 5, 2020
1849:List of social networking services
1602:Largest social networking services
1368:National School Boards Association
1091:
692:
36:List of social networking services
25:
9573:
7396:
6967:from the original on May 13, 2016
6804:from the original on May 13, 2011
6641:"Ven Now Includes Carbon Futures"
6595:from the original on May 26, 2013
5488:. Top Ten Reviews. Archived from
5452:Buzzetto-More, Nicole A. (2010).
5341:from the original on May 22, 2012
5182:Arruda, William (March 4, 2014).
4836:from the original on July 3, 2015
4779:Journal of Translational Medicine
4504:Wasserman, Todd (April 6, 2012).
4048:
3960:from the original on May 15, 2011
3859:Mody, Milind (October 14, 2015).
3628:Gross, R and Acquisti, A (2005).
3570:Atlantic Journal of Communication
1572:, combined group of professional
1472:Social and political applications
1164:
1111:
946:
802:
9057:Social network analysis software
8979:Virtual collective consciousness
8422:Social network analysis software
7380:10.1111/j.1365-2729.2008.00304.x
7154:
7095:
7070:
7039:
7021:Media Psychology Research Center
6979:
6918:
6883:
6816:
6767:10.1111/j.1541-0072.2011.00428.x
6746:
6697:
6685:
6659:
6643:. hubculture.com. July 5, 2010.
6633:
6607:
6591:. finextra.com. April 15, 2011.
6581:
6550:
6523:
6497:
6472:
6447:
6422:
6388:
6356:
6330:
6308:
6286:
6263:
6247:
6194:
6162:"Tie strength prediction in OSN"
6153:
6117:
6086:
6061:
6035:
5974:
5941:Arabie, Phipps, and Yoram Wind.
5935:
5877:
5842:
5588:
5486:"2012 Learn English Comparisons"
5478:
5353:
5324:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x
5254:
5243:
5232:
5067:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2009.00243.x
4710:"Social Networks for Scientists"
4387:Byrne, Ciara (August 23, 2012).
4358:Pathak, Khamosh (June 1, 2020).
4162:American Journal of Epidemiology
4074:American Journal of Epidemiology
3810:The Journal of American Folklore
3276:Gibby Miller (October 6, 2008).
2424:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.00409.x
2024:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x
1103:
470:
201:standard). A study reveals that
9344:Computer-mediated communication
8909:Organizational network analysis
7102:Herrman, John (June 28, 2020).
7046:Parkinson, Hannah Jane (2015).
6455:MySpace Adds a Security Monitor
6305:website. Retrieved May 11, 2009
6254:"MySpace exposes sex predators"
5943:"Marketing and Social Networks"
5915:Carlson, Ben (April 28, 2010).
5360:Kelly, N.; Antonio, A. (2016).
5206:
5175:
5130:
5016:Research in Learning Technology
5003:
4958:
4913:
4848:
4817:
4766:
4701:
4642:
4610:
4580:
4537:MG Siegler (January 15, 2010).
4530:
4497:
4471:
4436:
4413:
4351:
4248:
4213:
4061:
4042:
4014:
3972:
3942:
3912:
3879:
3852:
3797:
3766:
3740:
3714:
3689:
3664:
3622:
3604:"uses and gratification theory"
3561:
3527:
3509:"Social networking goes global"
3501:
3474:
3444:
3417:
3389:
3363:
3344:
3325:
3309:
3296:
3269:
3242:
3208:
3175:
3131:
3115:Cotriss, David (May 29, 2008).
3108:
3089:
3062:
3050:
2945:
2900:
2873:
2848:
2817:
2793:E-Commerce and Web Technologies
2784:
2743:
2664:
2633:
2592:
2565:
2506:
2475:
2398:
2349:
2260:
2077:, Springer US, pp. 71–98,
1429:Medical and health applications
1252:on the popular children's site
1248:demonstrated the importance of
977:Educators and advocates of new
972:
604:seeking, or the result of more
452:
342:Early social networking on the
311:, and bulletin board services (
297:computer-mediated communication
8546:Social network hosting service
7228:, 1st ed., Ebury Press, 2004.
5369:Teaching and Teacher Education
4588:"Social Networking Fact Sheet"
4264:Journal of Information Science
3838:10.5406/jamerfolk.133.529.0329
3822:10.5406/jamerfolk.133.529.0329
3332:E-Society: My World Is Cyworld
3278:"Inventing the Social Network"
2183:
2157:
2124:
2098:
2066:
2039:
1844:List of social gaming networks
1098:social network hosting service
1024:
653:There is a trend towards more
34:. For a list of services, see
13:
1:
9562:Social information processing
8848:Personal knowledge networking
6279:, courtesy of campus police:
4433:. Retrieved October 26, 2009.
4329:10.1080/13572334.2020.1730502
4000:10.1080/07421222.2014.1001282
3371:News Corp.'s Place in MySpace
2141:10.1016/S0065-2458(09)01002-X
2133:Social Networking and the Web
1935:
1596:free and open source software
1400:'s beginning within Harvard.
1075:
497:. Information is suited to a
281:Low due to manual interaction
9380:Virtual learning environment
8919:Social aspects of television
8833:Enterprise social networking
8635:Problematic social media use
8519:Hospitality exchange service
6725:10.1016/j.future.2017.07.026
6531:Seeking Love Around The Web
6270:"Getting booked by Facebook"
4051:"SNS 자주 방문하면 우울증 걸릴 확률 2.7배"
3582:10.1080/15456870.2015.972404
3161:10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
2801:10.1007/978-3-642-32273-0_13
2540:10.1371/journal.pone.0022656
2441:Utz, Sonja (July 10, 2016).
1963:10.1016/j.telpol.2015.07.014
1879:Social aspects of television
1869:Professional network service
1416:operates a virtual currency
869:Professional network service
841:
758:. Others companies, such as
657:led by technologies such as
86:, on mobile devices such as
7:
9493:Voice chat in online gaming
9062:Social networking potential
8944:Social media and psychology
7130:"The Rise of Crowdsourcing"
6203:Annual Review of Psychology
5851:Computers in Human Behavior
4128:Computers in Human Behavior
2609:10.1007/978-3-642-12808-0_1
2574:Computers in Human Behavior
2083:10.1007/978-1-4899-6008-5_4
1786:
1619:Active users (in millions)
1246:Centers for Disease Control
627:
597:Computers in Human Behavior
593:Computers in Human Behavior
428:were launched in 2003, and
10:
9578:
9557:Social networking services
9149:Algorithmic radicalization
8838:Enterprise social software
8821:Distributed social network
8541:Social network advertising
7443:Social networking services
6537:September 9, 2017, at the
6281:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
6048:September 9, 2017, at the
5749:London School of Economics
5381:10.1016/j.tate.2016.02.007
5261:Getting started with WWOOF
4425:November 27, 2011, at the
4234:10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.016
3280:. bnet.com. Archived from
3184:"The Open Diary Takes Off"
2729:10.25300/MISQ/2014/38.1.13
2226:Buettner, Ricardo (2017).
1809:Distributed social network
1587:
1553:
1550:Crowdsourcing applications
1329:
1320:enterprise social software
1168:
1150:
909:international volunteering
866:
811:
474:
456:
290:
29:
9513:
9448:
9390:Asynchronous conferencing
9388:
9350:
9252:
9209:Six degrees of separation
9141:
9080:
9022:Collaborative consumption
8987:
8959:Social media optimization
8949:Social media intelligence
8879:
8856:
8808:
8765:
8658:
8617:
8559:
8511:
8440:
8414:
8381:
7967:
7899:
7449:
6669:. primarypsychiatry.com.
6436:February 6, 2011, at the
6298:October 16, 2009, at the
6142:January 14, 2012, at the
5863:10.1016/j.chb.2012.11.017
4752:10.1007/s13278-011-0038-4
4457:10.1017/S1466046616000120
4140:10.1016/j.chb.2016.07.049
3488:Oxford English Dictionary
3401:February 5, 2010, at the
3356:December 8, 2015, at the
2909:Communications of the ACM
2750:Büttner, Ricardo (2006).
2586:10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.038
2245:10.1007/s12525-017-0248-3
1951:Telecommunications Policy
1266:effects of global warming
1229:such as that outlined in
1146:
53:social networking service
18:Social networking website
9450:Synchronous conferencing
9234:Suicide and the Internet
9219:Social media and suicide
7403:The rise of social media
6904:10.1177/0093650210381738
6486:January 2, 2011, at the
6074:August 26, 2014, at the
5999:10.1177/1461444816687294
5948:October 9, 2016, at the
5728:Gee, James Paul (2004).
5151:10.1177/0735633115571299
4276:10.1177/0165551510365390
4049:송, 영오 (March 23, 2016).
3369:Steve Rosenbush (2005).
2460:10.1177/1461444815604143
2364:. Little, Brown and Co.
1362:Educational applications
1260:has a virtual island on
1225:example, to cultivate a
1159:issues regarding privacy
9403:Electronic mailing list
9179:Friending and following
9169:Consequential strangers
8964:Social network analysis
8432:Web 2.0 Suicide Machine
7326:MediaShift, August 2007
7210:, New York and London:
6563:The Wall Street Journal
6461:March 24, 2018, at the
6303:The Journal (Edinburgh)
5987:New Media & Society
5680:Jenkins, Henry (2006).
4792:10.1186/1479-5876-9-199
4573:March 11, 2011, at the
4205:Harvard Business Review
3893:The Wall Street Journal
3376:March 24, 2011, at the
2447:New Media & Society
2281:10.1126/science.1092116
1799:Collective intelligence
1200:Government applications
1177:criminal investigations
1066:National Equality March
1006:(2006) describes as a "
853:Social networking sites
493:are encouraged through
9375:Social network service
9370:Collaborative software
9365:Communication software
9214:Social media addiction
9052:Social media analytics
8939:Social identity theory
8934:Social exchange theory
8929:Social data revolution
8914:Small-world experiment
8816:Corporate social media
8650:User gender difference
8478:Small-world experiment
6892:Communication Research
6850:10.1126/sciadv.abl8198
6755:Policy Studies Journal
6123:Flor, Nick V. (2000).
5781:10.5210/fm.v16i12.3513
5055:Children & Society
4445:Environmental Practice
3635:July 22, 2011, at the
3383:Bloomberg BusinessWeek
3337:March 8, 2016, at the
2894:10.1287/mnsc.1030.0136
2830:PACIS 2016 Proceedings
2681:10.1109/HICSS.2016.277
2675:. pp. 2206–2215.
2646:PACIS 2016 Proceedings
2488:PACIS 2016 Proceedings
1814:Enterprise bookmarking
1794:Anonymous social media
1280:, whose goal it is to
1221:
716:
501:, as information is a
432:was launched in 2005.
225:Online social network
222:Offline social network
63:, is a type of online
61:social networking site
48:
9435:Bulletin board system
9154:Community recognition
9098:Collaborative finance
9032:Lateral communication
8843:Mobile social network
8640:Use in investigations
7559:Foursquare City Guide
7214:, 1st edition, 2009.
6959:Mark McNally (2010).
6275:May 31, 2008, at the
5981:Baert, Stijn (2018).
5220:on September 21, 2020
5029:10.25304/rlt.v26.2008
3804:Peck, Andrew (2020).
3675:. SAGE. p. 132.
3257:on September 28, 2013
3121:The Industry Standard
2108:. Facebook Newsroom.
1859:Mobile social network
1332:Online dating service
1288:Business applications
1214:2014 Thai coup d'état
1207:
1060:Grassroots organizing
1017:(2004) suggests that
1008:participatory culture
901:freelance marketplace
867:Further information:
792:reputation management
696:
46:
9260:Friendship recession
9199:Information overload
9108:Influencer marketing
8997:Account verification
8904:Interpersonal bridge
8899:Attention inequality
8448:Attention inequality
7287:10.2139/ssrn.1601471
7082:Knowledge at Wharton
6617:. December 3, 2018.
6318:. Itbusinessedge.com
6160:Kaushal, R. (2016).
5732:. London: Routledge.
5492:on September 1, 2012
4667:10.1287/orsc.7.4.428
4655:Organization Science
4594:. October 23, 2014.
3673:Youth and Generation
3606:. February 3, 2010.
3555:Open Source Jahrbuch
3220:Tokyo Business Today
3127:on February 4, 2009.
3057:The Network Nation 2
2060:10.3917/sim.172.0005
1874:Virtual volunteering
1824:Geosocial networking
1584:Open source software
1404:Finance applications
1232:Nineteen Eighty-Four
485:are created where a
73:social relationships
9468:Internet Relay Chat
9229:Social network game
9224:Social invisibility
9072:Structural cohesion
9017:Collaboration graph
8974:Structural endogamy
8954:Social media mining
8483:Small-world network
8389:Software comparison
8338:Windows Live Spaces
8308:Tea Party Community
7128:Howe, Jeff (2006).
6841:2022SciA....8L8198E
6694:via Dose of Digital
5958:Joseph Galaskiewicz
5600:School of Education
5431:10.58680/ee20076425
4626:. January 4, 2012.
3924:The Daily Telegraph
3018:2013NatSR...3E1950M
2531:2011PLoSO...622656G
2315:Sociological Theory
2275:(5648): 1160–1161.
1478:Egyptian revolution
1388:emerging as online
1379:supports teachers;
1326:Dating applications
1195:Application domains
1051:Positive correlates
905:employment websites
649:Additional features
491:reciprocal altruism
369:In the late 1990s,
215:
105:Internet connection
9194:Internet addiction
9189:Influence-for-hire
9184:Friendship paradox
9174:Friend of a friend
9164:Computer addiction
9027:Giant Global Graph
8894:Assortative mixing
7407:exponential growth
7108:The New York Times
5919:. Media Bullseye.
5278:Digital Directions
4541:. Techcrunch.com.
4175:10.1093/aje/kww189
4087:10.1093/aje/kww189
3515:on August 19, 2007
3396:"Social graph-iti"
3284:on October 1, 2011
2996:Scientific Reports
2882:Management Science
2232:Electronic Markets
1884:Social bookmarking
1854:Mass collaboration
1686:Facebook Messenger
1544:Black Lives Matter
1531:The New York Times
1528:On June 28, 2020,
1490:Egyptian activists
1316:knowledge transfer
1222:
1181:forensic profiling
1134:Social interaction
1127:online advertising
1070:2011 England riots
979:digital literacies
931:on organic farms.
483:online communities
213:
119:daily active users
49:
9539:
9538:
9483:Videoconferencing
9463:Instant messaging
9458:Data conferencing
9360:Online discussion
9310:
9309:
9302:Virtual community
9159:Complex contagion
9093:Attention economy
9067:Social television
9037:Reputation system
8889:Ambient awareness
8721:
8720:
8503:Virtual community
8458:Cybersectarianism
7353:978-1-43991-035-1
7339:978-0-06-168716-7
7329:Powers, William,
7265:Cockrell, Cathy,
7248:978-0-19-531305-5
7238:Baron, Naomi S.,
7027:on April 27, 2016
6415:978-0-470-74014-9
6175:978-9-3805-4421-2
5954:Stanley Wasserman
5419:English Education
4979:10.1002/asi.23675
4944:10.1002/asi.23236
4876:10.1002/asi.23038
4712:. MyScienceWork.
3682:978-1-4462-5904-7
3557:. Lehmanns Media.
3149:Business Horizons
3026:10.1038/srep01950
2888:(11): 1477–1490.
2866:978-0-316-03614-6
2859:. Little, Brown.
2810:978-3-642-32272-3
2690:978-0-7695-5670-3
2618:978-3-642-12807-3
2453:(11): 2685–2702.
2371:978-0-316-03614-6
2092:978-0-306-44510-1
1924:Virtual community
1914:Social television
1839:Lateral diffusion
1783:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1443:their situation.
988:instant messaging
967:learning networks
366:started in 1996.
288:
287:
278:Dynamic of change
247:Symmetric (e.g.,
230:Degree centrality
183:social navigation
144:videoconferencing
16:(Redirected from
9569:
9505:Web conferencing
9440:Online guestbook
9337:
9330:
9323:
9314:
9313:
9290:Social profiling
9244:Viral phenomenon
9007:Change detection
8748:
8741:
8734:
8725:
8724:
8630:Privacy concerns
8594:Online petitions
8551:Social profiling
8468:1+ million users
8453:Confessions page
8358:Yahoo! Kickstart
8057:Friends Reunited
7564:Foursquare Swarm
7436:
7429:
7422:
7413:
7412:
7391:
7365:
7343:Robert W. Gehl,
7319:
7306:
7271:UC Berkeley News
7262:
7179:
7178:
7176:
7174:
7158:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7147:
7125:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7114:
7099:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7088:
7074:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7063:
7043:
7037:
7036:
7034:
7032:
7023:. Archived from
7013:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6997:
6983:
6977:
6976:
6974:
6972:
6956:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6942:
6922:
6916:
6915:
6887:
6881:
6880:
6862:
6852:
6835:(10): eabl8198.
6829:Science Advances
6820:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6809:
6793:
6787:
6786:
6750:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6739:
6733:
6710:
6701:
6695:
6689:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6663:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6652:
6637:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6626:
6611:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6585:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6554:
6548:
6527:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6516:
6501:
6495:
6492:internetnews.com
6476:
6470:
6451:
6445:
6426:
6420:
6419:
6392:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6375:
6368:
6360:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6334:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6312:
6306:
6290:
6284:
6267:
6261:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6218:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6187:
6157:
6151:
6135:; Flor, Nick V.
6121:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6099:Business Insider
6090:
6084:
6065:
6059:
6041:Chambers, Clem.
6039:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6010:
5993:(3): 1220–1239.
5978:
5972:
5939:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5928:
5912:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5901:
5890:The Conversation
5881:
5875:
5874:
5846:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5792:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5759:
5753:
5752:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5704:
5698:
5697:
5677:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5642:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5621:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5602:. August 3, 2020
5592:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5571:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5534:
5526:
5508:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5482:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5399:
5393:
5392:
5366:
5357:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5340:
5318:(4): 1143–1168.
5309:
5300:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5269:
5263:
5258:
5252:
5247:
5241:
5236:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5216:. Archived from
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5162:
5134:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5105:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5083:
5052:
5043:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4990:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4937:
4917:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4900:
4861:
4852:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4804:
4794:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4735:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4646:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4584:
4578:
4564:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4484:Business Insider
4475:
4469:
4468:
4440:
4434:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4384:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4314:
4305:
4296:
4295:
4261:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4217:
4211:
4208:
4195:
4177:
4153:
4144:
4143:
4123:
4108:
4107:
4089:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4046:
4040:
4030:
4021:
4018:
4012:
4011:
3985:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3956:. May 11, 2011.
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3926:. May 11, 2011.
3916:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3856:
3850:
3849:
3816:(529): 329–351.
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3721:Martin, Nicole.
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3649:
3640:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3485:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3458:. Archived from
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3432:on July 21, 2011
3421:
3415:
3413:
3393:
3387:
3367:
3361:
3348:
3342:
3329:
3323:
3313:
3307:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3123:. Archived from
3112:
3106:
3093:
3087:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3011:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2924:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2756:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2712:
2703:
2702:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2580:(6): 2134–2142.
2569:
2563:
2562:
2552:
2542:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2462:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2363:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2247:
2223:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2075:The Naked Neuron
2070:
2064:
2063:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2002:
1983:
1982:
1946:
1864:Personal network
1781:
1777:
1613:
1612:
1410:virtual currency
1304:brand networking
1299:small businesses
1216:, informing the
863:Professional use
714:
713:
633:Typical features
216:
212:
96:Online community
88:tablet computers
21:
9577:
9576:
9572:
9571:
9570:
9568:
9567:
9566:
9552:Social networks
9542:
9541:
9540:
9535:
9509:
9444:
9384:
9346:
9341:
9311:
9306:
9280:Online identity
9248:
9137:
9133:Viral marketing
9123:Social commerce
9118:Sharing economy
9103:Creator economy
9076:
8989:
8983:
8881:
8875:
8852:
8804:
8761:
8755:Social networks
8752:
8722:
8717:
8654:
8645:Use in politics
8613:
8569:Activity stream
8555:
8507:
8473:Online identity
8436:
8410:
8377:
8082:Google Currents
7963:
7924:HCL Connections
7895:
7445:
7440:
7399:
7394:
7363:
7188:
7186:Further reading
7183:
7182:
7172:
7170:
7160:
7159:
7155:
7145:
7143:
7126:
7122:
7112:
7110:
7100:
7096:
7086:
7084:
7076:
7075:
7071:
7061:
7059:
7044:
7040:
7030:
7028:
7015:
7014:
7005:
6995:
6993:
6985:
6984:
6980:
6970:
6968:
6957:
6950:
6940:
6938:
6923:
6919:
6888:
6884:
6821:
6817:
6807:
6805:
6794:
6790:
6751:
6747:
6737:
6735:
6731:
6708:
6702:
6698:
6690:
6686:
6676:
6674:
6665:
6664:
6660:
6650:
6648:
6639:
6638:
6634:
6624:
6622:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6598:
6596:
6587:
6586:
6582:
6572:
6570:
6555:
6551:
6539:Wayback Machine
6528:
6524:
6514:
6512:
6503:
6502:
6498:
6488:Wayback Machine
6477:
6473:
6463:Wayback Machine
6452:
6448:
6438:Wayback Machine
6427:
6423:
6416:
6400:Dutta, Soumitra
6396:Fraser, Matthew
6393:
6389:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6366:
6362:
6361:
6357:
6347:
6345:
6336:
6335:
6331:
6321:
6319:
6314:
6313:
6309:
6300:Wayback Machine
6291:
6287:
6277:Wayback Machine
6268:
6264:
6252:
6248:
6216:10.1.1.586.3942
6199:
6195:
6185:
6183:
6176:
6158:
6154:
6144:Wayback Machine
6122:
6118:
6108:
6106:
6091:
6087:
6076:Wayback Machine
6066:
6062:
6050:Wayback Machine
6040:
6036:
6026:
6024:
6008:1854/LU-8507595
5979:
5975:
5950:Wayback Machine
5940:
5936:
5926:
5924:
5913:
5909:
5899:
5897:
5882:
5878:
5857:(3): 604–6099.
5847:
5843:
5833:
5831:
5812:
5808:
5793:
5789:
5760:
5756:
5741:
5737:
5726:
5722:
5705:
5701:
5694:
5678:
5674:
5664:
5662:
5643:
5639:
5631:10.1.1.695.6098
5622:
5615:
5605:
5603:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5579:
5577:
5548:
5544:
5528:
5527:
5523:
5509:
5505:
5495:
5493:
5484:
5483:
5479:
5450:
5446:
5415:
5411:
5400:
5396:
5364:
5358:
5354:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5307:
5301:
5297:
5287:
5285:
5270:
5266:
5259:
5255:
5248:
5244:
5237:
5233:
5223:
5221:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5197:
5195:
5180:
5176:
5135:
5131:
5121:
5119:
5106:
5097:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5050:
5044:
5037:
5008:
5004:
4963:
4959:
4935:10.1.1.589.5396
4918:
4914:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4859:
4853:
4849:
4839:
4837:
4822:
4818:
4771:
4767:
4736:
4729:
4719:
4717:
4706:
4702:
4692:
4690:
4647:
4643:
4633:
4631:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4601:
4599:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4575:Wayback Machine
4565:
4558:
4548:
4546:
4535:
4531:
4521:
4519:
4502:
4498:
4488:
4486:
4476:
4472:
4441:
4437:
4427:Wayback Machine
4418:
4414:
4404:
4402:
4385:
4378:
4368:
4366:
4356:
4352:
4312:
4306:
4299:
4259:
4253:
4249:
4218:
4214:
4154:
4147:
4124:
4111:
4066:
4062:
4047:
4043:
4031:
4024:
4019:
4015:
3983:
3977:
3973:
3963:
3961:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3933:
3931:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3903:
3901:
3884:
3880:
3870:
3868:
3857:
3853:
3802:
3798:
3788:
3786:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3755:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3731:
3729:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3669:
3665:
3650:
3643:
3637:Wayback Machine
3627:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3566:
3562:
3551:
3547:
3542:(909): 867–910.
3532:
3528:
3518:
3516:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3492:
3490:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3465:
3463:
3462:on July 8, 2022
3456:Merriam-Webster
3450:
3449:
3445:
3435:
3433:
3422:
3418:
3411:
3403:Wayback Machine
3394:
3390:
3378:Wayback Machine
3368:
3364:
3358:Wayback Machine
3349:
3345:
3339:Wayback Machine
3330:
3326:
3314:
3310:
3301:
3297:
3287:
3285:
3274:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3226:. May 3, 2016.
3214:
3213:
3209:
3199:
3197:
3180:
3176:
3145:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3113:
3109:
3094:
3090:
3077:Thomas Truscott
3067:
3063:
3055:
3051:
2988:
2981:
2966:10.2307/3033543
2950:
2946:
2931:10.1145/2629438
2905:
2901:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2754:
2748:
2744:
2713:
2706:
2691:
2669:
2665:
2655:
2653:
2638:
2634:
2619:
2597:
2593:
2570:
2566:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2480:
2476:
2439:
2432:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2372:
2354:
2350:
2311:
2304:
2265:
2261:
2224:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2071:
2067:
2044:
2040:
2003:
1986:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1909:Social software
1889:Social identity
1789:
1780:
1604:
1592:
1586:
1558:
1552:
1514:John F. Kennedy
1474:
1431:
1406:
1364:
1347:Yahoo Personals
1334:
1328:
1290:
1227:culture of fear
1202:
1197:
1173:
1167:
1155:
1149:
1136:
1114:
1106:
1094:
1092:Hosting service
1078:
1062:
1053:
1027:
1019:affinity spaces
975:
949:
871:
865:
848:Digital Natives
844:
814:
805:
796:lead generation
781:app. Recently,
748:cloud computing
715:
708:
702:
695:
693:Emerging trends
651:
635:
630:
614:online trolling
479:
473:
461:
455:
293:
211:
151:category places
69:social networks
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9575:
9565:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9537:
9536:
9534:
9533:
9528:
9523:
9517:
9515:
9511:
9510:
9508:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9496:
9495:
9485:
9480:
9475:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9454:
9452:
9446:
9445:
9443:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9431:
9430:
9425:
9418:Internet forum
9415:
9410:
9405:
9400:
9394:
9392:
9386:
9385:
9383:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9351:
9348:
9347:
9340:
9339:
9332:
9325:
9317:
9308:
9307:
9305:
9304:
9299:
9297:Viral messages
9294:
9293:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9256:
9254:
9253:Related topics
9250:
9249:
9247:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9145:
9143:
9139:
9138:
9136:
9135:
9130:
9128:Social sorting
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9088:Affinity fraud
9084:
9082:
9078:
9077:
9075:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8993:
8991:
8985:
8984:
8982:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8924:Social capital
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8885:
8883:
8877:
8876:
8874:
8873:
8868:
8862:
8860:
8854:
8853:
8851:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8818:
8812:
8810:
8806:
8805:
8803:
8802:
8801:
8800:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8769:
8767:
8763:
8762:
8751:
8750:
8743:
8736:
8728:
8719:
8718:
8716:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8662:
8660:
8656:
8655:
8653:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8621:
8619:
8615:
8614:
8612:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8565:
8563:
8561:User interface
8557:
8556:
8554:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8537:
8536:
8526:
8521:
8515:
8513:
8509:
8508:
8506:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8488:Social network
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8444:
8442:
8438:
8437:
8435:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8418:
8416:
8412:
8411:
8409:
8408:
8407:
8406:
8401:
8391:
8385:
8383:
8379:
8378:
8376:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8258:SixDegrees.com
8255:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7987:Avatars United
7984:
7979:
7973:
7971:
7965:
7964:
7962:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7905:
7903:
7897:
7896:
7894:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7811:The Meet Group
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7627:
7626:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7455:
7453:
7447:
7446:
7439:
7438:
7431:
7424:
7416:
7410:
7409:
7398:
7397:External links
7395:
7393:
7392:
7356:
7341:
7327:
7320:
7307:
7274:
7263:
7250:
7236:
7224:Barham, Nick,
7222:
7204:
7193:Buchheit, Paul
7189:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7180:
7153:
7120:
7094:
7069:
7038:
7003:
6978:
6948:
6917:
6898:(4): 451–470.
6882:
6815:
6788:
6761:(4): 709–736.
6745:
6696:
6684:
6658:
6632:
6606:
6580:
6549:
6522:
6496:
6471:
6446:
6421:
6414:
6387:
6355:
6329:
6307:
6285:
6262:
6246:
6209:(1): 573–590.
6193:
6174:
6152:
6116:
6085:
6060:
6034:
5973:
5934:
5907:
5876:
5841:
5806:
5797:Education Week
5787:
5754:
5735:
5720:
5714:10.1.1.395.234
5699:
5692:
5672:
5637:
5613:
5587:
5542:
5521:
5503:
5477:
5444:
5409:
5394:
5375:(1): 138–149.
5352:
5295:
5264:
5253:
5242:
5231:
5205:
5174:
5145:(2): 155–179.
5129:
5095:
5035:
5002:
4973:(2): 468–479.
4957:
4928:(5): 876–889.
4912:
4870:(4): 721–731.
4847:
4816:
4765:
4746:(2): 121–137.
4727:
4700:
4661:(4): 428–443.
4641:
4609:
4579:
4566:Nimetz, Jody.
4556:
4529:
4496:
4470:
4451:(2): 123–124.
4435:
4412:
4376:
4350:
4297:
4270:(3): 357–370.
4247:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4168:(3): 203–211.
4145:
4109:
4080:(3): 203–211.
4060:
4041:
4022:
4020:Lister, p. 215
4013:
3994:(4): 278–310.
3971:
3941:
3911:
3878:
3851:
3796:
3765:
3754:. May 13, 2019
3739:
3713:
3688:
3681:
3663:
3641:
3621:
3595:
3560:
3545:
3526:
3500:
3483:"Social Media"
3473:
3452:"social media"
3443:
3416:
3388:
3362:
3343:
3324:
3308:
3295:
3268:
3241:
3207:
3174:
3139:
3130:
3107:
3088:
3069:Michael Hauben
3061:
3049:
2979:
2944:
2899:
2872:
2865:
2847:
2816:
2809:
2783:
2765:(4): 351–356.
2742:
2723:(1): 274–304.
2704:
2689:
2663:
2632:
2617:
2591:
2564:
2505:
2474:
2430:
2417:(3): 531–549.
2397:
2370:
2348:
2327:10.2307/202051
2302:
2259:
2238:(4): 371–385.
2213:
2182:
2156:
2149:
2123:
2106:"Company Info"
2097:
2091:
2065:
2038:
2017:(1): 210–230.
1984:
1957:(9): 745–750.
1940:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1904:Social seating
1901:
1899:Social network
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1834:Internet forum
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1603:
1600:
1588:Main article:
1585:
1582:
1562:Design Contest
1554:Main article:
1551:
1548:
1473:
1470:
1457:HealthUnlocked
1449:PatientsLikeMe
1440:PatientsLikeMe
1436:HealthUnlocked
1430:
1427:
1422:carbon pricing
1405:
1402:
1363:
1360:
1327:
1324:
1289:
1286:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1169:Main article:
1166:
1165:Investigations
1163:
1151:Main article:
1148:
1145:
1135:
1132:
1113:
1112:Business model
1110:
1105:
1102:
1093:
1090:
1077:
1074:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1026:
1023:
974:
971:
954:English, baby!
948:
947:Curriculum use
945:
941:social capital
913:VolunteerMatch
899:, ... Various
864:
861:
843:
840:
813:
810:
804:
803:Niche networks
801:
725:location-based
700:
694:
691:
650:
647:
634:
631:
629:
626:
523:social capital
472:
469:
454:
451:
360:Classmates.com
344:World Wide Web
325:America Online
292:
289:
286:
285:
282:
279:
275:
274:
271:
268:
264:
263:
260:
257:
253:
252:
245:
242:
238:
237:
234:
231:
227:
226:
223:
220:
219:Characteristic
210:
207:
195:
194:
180:
173:
170:
32:Social network
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9574:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9549:
9547:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9526:Microblogging
9524:
9522:
9519:
9518:
9516:
9512:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9494:
9491:
9490:
9489:
9488:Voice over IP
9486:
9484:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9473:LAN messenger
9471:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9455:
9453:
9451:
9447:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9420:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9395:
9393:
9391:
9387:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9352:
9349:
9345:
9338:
9333:
9331:
9326:
9324:
9319:
9318:
9315:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9277:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9265:Peer pressure
9263:
9261:
9258:
9257:
9255:
9251:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9146:
9144:
9140:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9113:Narrowcasting
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9085:
9083:
9079:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9012:Blockmodeling
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8994:
8992:
8986:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8886:
8884:
8878:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8863:
8861:
8859:
8855:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8828:
8827:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8813:
8811:
8807:
8799:
8796:
8795:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8770:
8768:
8764:
8760:
8756:
8749:
8744:
8742:
8737:
8735:
8730:
8729:
8726:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8663:
8661:
8657:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8622:
8620:
8616:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8566:
8564:
8562:
8558:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8535:
8532:
8531:
8530:
8529:Online dating
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8516:
8514:
8510:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
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8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8445:
8443:
8439:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8419:
8417:
8413:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8396:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8386:
8384:
8380:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7970:
7966:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7906:
7904:
7902:
7898:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7721:Odnoklassniki
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7625:
7622:
7621:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7452:
7448:
7444:
7437:
7432:
7430:
7425:
7423:
7418:
7417:
7414:
7408:
7404:
7401:
7400:
7389:
7385:
7381:
7377:
7373:
7369:
7362:
7357:
7354:
7350:
7346:
7342:
7340:
7336:
7332:
7328:
7325:
7321:
7317:
7316:New Scientist
7313:
7308:
7304:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7284:
7280:
7275:
7272:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7251:
7249:
7245:
7241:
7237:
7235:
7234:0-09-189586-3
7231:
7227:
7223:
7221:
7220:0-415-99019-X
7217:
7213:
7209:
7205:
7202:
7198:
7194:
7191:
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7157:
7141:
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7131:
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7109:
7105:
7098:
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7057:
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7026:
7022:
7018:
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6992:
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6133:0-201-60468-X
6130:
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5970:0-8039-4302-4
5967:
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5703:
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5693:9780262513623
5689:
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5569:10.28945/1689
5565:
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5538:
5532:
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4431:Google Trends
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4405:September 10,
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2016:
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1980:
1976:
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1037:cyberstalking
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471:Social impact
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418:virtual goods
415:
411:
408:in 2002, and
407:
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391:
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380:
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371:user profiles
367:
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8512:Applications
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8273:Spotify Live
8252:Sciencescape
7939:ResearchGate
7909:Academia.edu
7901:Professional
7836:Truth Social
7631:IRC-Galleria
7442:
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7371:
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7195:(founder of
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7165:
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7111:. Retrieved
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7085:. Retrieved
7081:
7072:
7060:. Retrieved
7052:The Guardian
7051:
7041:
7029:. Retrieved
7025:the original
7020:
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6990:
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6941:November 18,
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6930:
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6716:
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6635:
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6562:
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6332:
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6310:
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6186:February 18,
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6165:
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6098:
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6067:Tynan, Dan.
6063:
6053:
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6025:. Retrieved
5990:
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5925:. Retrieved
5910:
5898:. Retrieved
5889:
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5834:November 17,
5832:. Retrieved
5826:(1): 12–18.
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5599:
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5559:
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5496:September 3,
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5490:the original
5480:
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5425:(1): 41–60.
5422:
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5315:
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5277:
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5224:November 12,
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5218:the original
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5187:
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5110:
5086:. Retrieved
5061:(1): 75–83.
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4718:. Retrieved
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4693:November 17,
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4658:
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4632:. Retrieved
4621:
4612:
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4592:Pew Research
4582:
4547:. Retrieved
4532:
4522:September 7,
4520:. Retrieved
4509:
4499:
4489:December 28,
4487:. Retrieved
4483:
4473:
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4323:(1): 47–73.
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3854:
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3789:November 17,
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3778:
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3758:September 2,
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3751:
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3726:
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3700:
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3624:
3612:. Retrieved
3598:
3576:(1): 19–30.
3573:
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3519:September 9,
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3513:the original
3503:
3493:November 27,
3491:. Retrieved
3487:
3476:
3464:. Retrieved
3460:the original
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3430:the original
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3286:. Retrieved
3282:the original
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3255:the original
3244:
3232:. Retrieved
3219:
3210:
3198:. Retrieved
3187:
3177:
3155:(1): 59–68.
3152:
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3125:the original
3120:
3110:
3096:Katie Hafner
3091:
3073:Ronda Hauben
3064:
3056:
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2840:November 17,
2838:. Retrieved
2829:
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2776:November 17,
2774:. Retrieved
2762:
2758:
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2656:November 17,
2654:. Retrieved
2645:
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2518:
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2498:November 17,
2496:. Retrieved
2487:
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2414:
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2390:December 17,
2388:. Retrieved
2359:
2351:
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1776:
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1540:Donald Trump
1529:
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9270:Researchers
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8666:ActivityPub
8589:Like button
8493:Thirst trap
8394:White-label
8368:Yahoo! Meme
8363:Yahoo! Mash
8353:Yahoo! 360°
8313:Third Voice
8117:iTunes Ping
8077:Google Buzz
7886:Xiaohongshu
7651:LiveJournal
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7549:Draugiem.lv
6719:: 516–530.
6442:FoxNews.com
6168:: 841–844.
5900:October 17,
5803:(3): 16–23.
5562:: 199–211.
5198:October 17,
5160:11693/23247
5122:November 7,
4988:2436/609261
4884:2436/621523
4840:October 17,
4602:October 24,
4394:VentureBeat
4369:January 26,
4364:How-To Geek
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3224:Toyo Keizai
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2321:: 201–233.
2206:October 17,
2054:(2): 5–47.
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1453:SparkPeople
1414:Hub Culture
1408:The use of
1385:TeachStreet
1262:Second Life
1025:Constraints
923:. National
907:focused on
760:Monster.com
710:VentureBeat
495:cooperation
406:Hub Culture
398:Makeoutclub
354:(1994) and
189:for books,
92:smartphones
9546:Categories
9514:Publishing
9428:Imageboard
9204:Overchoice
9042:Social bot
8988:Models and
8969:Social web
8798:Adolescent
8697:OpenSocial
8604:Reblogging
8574:Brand page
8534:comparison
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8187:Musical.ly
8147:LunarStorm
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8062:Friendster
8052:FriendFeed
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7701:MX TakaTak
7686:micro.blog
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7646:Letterboxd
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7197:FriendFeed
6933:(Report).
6109:October 5,
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2954:Sociometry
2196:TechCrunch
1936:References
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1576:, such as
1546:protests.
1394:MyYearbook
1330:See also:
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1076:Employment
911:, notably
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558:loneliness
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410:Friendster
390:Open Diary
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379:Open Diary
356:Tripod.com
333:CompuServe
317:The Source
121:in 2017.
9423:Textboard
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9081:Economics
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8699:(defunct)
8683:(defunct)
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8318:tribe.net
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8067:Grono.net
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7801:Tal Canal
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7212:Routledge
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7087:March 14,
7062:April 25,
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6971:April 26,
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6877:247360932
6775:153590593
6738:August 9,
6677:March 27,
6651:August 7,
6599:August 7,
6573:August 7,
6408:. Wiley.
6380:March 13,
6322:March 13,
6211:CiteSeerX
6027:August 9,
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5626:CiteSeerX
5531:cite book
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4930:CiteSeerX
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4683:166857575
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4284:0165-5515
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3871:April 13,
3846:243130538
3830:0021-8715
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3288:August 7,
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3009:1304.1979
2922:1203.0535
2699:206708385
2380:318879253
2297:144329128
2116:April 12,
1971:0308-5961
1767:Pinterest
1656:Instagram
1578:designers
1461:Fitocracy
1390:yearbooks
1343:Match.com
1015:James Gee
958:LiveMocha
929:homestays
881:AngelList
842:Education
741:Pinterest
679:user name
606:polarised
578:Rob Cover
531:education
463:The term
439:pageviews
404:in 2001,
400:in 2000,
396:in 1999,
392:in 1998,
388:in 1997,
364:PlanetAll
352:Geocities
249:Instagram
187:Goodreads
167:Twitter/X
163:Instagram
129:real life
9500:Web chat
8882:theories
8858:Services
8809:Networks
8773:Personal
8687:Micropub
8441:Concepts
8427:Diaspora
8382:Services
8298:Talkbits
8293:Surfbook
8182:Multiply
8162:Miiverse
8142:Lifeknot
8017:eConozco
7982:AsianAve
7929:LinkedIn
7806:Taringa!
7781:Snapchat
7766:Readgeek
7716:Nextdoor
7711:My World
7666:Mastodon
7636:Kuaishou
7554:Facebook
7534:Diaspora
7451:Personal
7167:Statista
7140:Archived
7113:June 28,
7056:Archived
6965:Archived
6935:Archived
6869:35263143
6860:10953837
6802:Archived
6729:Archived
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6619:Archived
6593:Archived
6567:Archived
6547:website.
6535:Archived
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6459:Archived
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6434:Archived
6402:(2008).
6371:Archived
6342:Archived
6296:Archived
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6241:14078906
6233:14744227
6180:Archived
6148:InformIT
6140:Archived
6103:Archived
6072:Archived
6046:Archived
6021:Archived
5946:Archived
5921:Archived
5894:Archived
5828:Archived
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5606:March 7,
5574:Archived
5439:40173267
5345:July 16,
5336:Archived
5332:11940919
5288:July 17,
5282:Archived
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5116:Archived
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5079:Archived
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4896:Archived
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4834:Archived
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4760:15925282
4714:Archived
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4628:Archived
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4571:Archived
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4516:Archived
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4423:Archived
4399:Archived
4292:21846015
4184:28093386
4096:28093386
4055:Archived
4008:24442525
3958:Archived
3934:April 4,
3928:Archived
3898:Archived
3865:Archived
3783:Archived
3701:Statista
3633:Archived
3608:Archived
3590:36235531
3399:Archived
3374:Archived
3354:Archived
3335:Archived
3228:Archived
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3044:23739519
2939:16805499
2834:Archived
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2650:Archived
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2559:21826200
2519:PLOS ONE
2492:Archived
2469:34629543
2384:Archived
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2289:14615522
2254:21257828
2200:Archived
2175:July 26,
2169:Archived
2110:Archived
2033:52810295
1829:Internet
1787:See also
1727:Kuaishou
1717:Snapchat
1696:Telegram
1645:WhatsApp
1625:Facebook
1608:Statista
1566:Arcbazar
1482:Facebook
1398:Facebook
1381:TermWiki
1256:and the
1254:Whyville
1238:THX-1138
1123:Facebook
992:blogging
984:Tweeting
897:Bark.com
889:Goodwall
876:LinkedIn
831:Facebook
827:LinkedIn
756:LinkedIn
733:Facebook
701:—
628:Features
535:Facebook
515:identity
510:Facebook
447:Facebook
426:LinkedIn
350:(1995),
337:The WELL
309:LISTSERV
267:Strength
241:Symmetry
177:LinkedIn
159:Facebook
136:COVID-19
125:LinkedIn
115:Facebook
80:desktops
9408:FidoNet
9285:Persona
8708:Pump.io
8703:OStatus
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8599:Polling
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8263:Skyrock
8177:Mugshot
8157:Meerkat
8072:Google+
8007:Capazoo
7977:App.net
7969:Defunct
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7914:Behance
7891:Yik Yak
7881:Whisper
7861:Untappd
7856:Twitter
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7831:Triller
7816:Threads
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7464:Amikumu
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7388:5733615
7303:1601471
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7173:July 5,
6837:Bibcode
6808:May 13,
6800:. CNN.
6783:1974080
6467:NPR.com
6017:4956047
5871:7232896
4952:8974197
4802:3231985
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4634:July 2,
4623:Reuters
4242:8103910
4192:9926583
4104:9926583
3964:May 11,
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3466:June 9,
3234:June 3,
3035:3674429
3014:Bibcode
2974:3033543
2550:3149601
2527:Bibcode
2269:Science
1979:2647377
1635:YouTube
1616:Service
1486:Twitter
1465:QUENTIQ
1355:MySpace
1270:Twitter
1210:Bangkok
1119:Myspace
1004:Jenkins
962:Web 2.0
936:Twitter
893:Jobcase
812:Science
770:Gowalla
729:Twitter
723:" and "
643:Ellison
622:Twitter
586:anxiety
582:Web 2.0
519:privacy
422:MySpace
414:Nexopia
402:Cyworld
375:friends
329:Prodigy
305:ARPANET
291:History
84:laptops
82:and on
9478:Talker
9413:Usenet
8793:Clique
8783:Sexual
8579:Groups
8524:Mobile
8343:Wretch
8254:(Meta)
8242:Pownce
8197:Netlog
8192:Natter
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8037:eWorld
8032:Emojli
8022:Edmodo
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7826:Tinder
7821:TikTok
7796:Tagged
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7741:Pixnet
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7504:Bumble
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833:, and
779:iPhone
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712:, 2012
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3189:ZDNet
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2970:JSTOR
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2733:S2CID
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2331:JSTOR
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2250:S2CID
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990:, or
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7216:ISBN
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7148:2017
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7089:2023
7064:2016
7033:2016
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6973:2016
6943:2019
6865:PMID
6810:2011
6779:SSRN
6740:2019
6679:2007
6653:2013
6627:2019
6601:2013
6575:2013
6517:2009
6410:ISBN
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6350:2014
6324:2011
6229:PMID
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6029:2019
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5688:ISBN
5667:2019
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5582:2019
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5498:2012
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5290:2012
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4092:PMID
4034:ISBN
3966:2011
3936:2018
3906:2017
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3826:ISSN
3791:2019
3760:2020
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3654:SSRN
3616:2015
3521:2007
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3290:2013
3263:2013
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3100:ISBN
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3040:PMID
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