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kind of snuff bottles quickly became the subject of acquisition for a new group of patrons, comprising officials, nobles, scholars and businessmen. Eventually the craft gained immense momentum in the late Qing and the early
Republic periods, i.e. from the late 19th to the early 20th century. In Beijing, there were three renowned and influential masters, namely Zhou Leyuan, Ma Shaoxuan, Ding Erzhong and Ye Zhongsan. Inside painted bottles are still made extensively for collectors and becoming more valuable as work of art in the modern times.
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184:. However, contemporary snuff bottles are still being made, and can be purchased in souvenir shops, flea markets and museum gift shops. Original snuff bottles from the Qing period are a desirable target for serious collectors and museums. A good bottle has an extra quality over and above its exquisite beauty and value: that is touch. Snuff bottles were made to be held and so, as a rule, they have a pleasant tactile quality.
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1966 by Wang Xisan. He had greatly contributed to the development of
Chinese modern inside painted snuff bottles. Many famous artists were learning under his teaching, such as Zhang Zenlou, Fu Guoshun, Li Yingtao. The modern snuff bottle has many advocates and is ongoing to be appear into eyes of oriental collectors.
355:. Its symbolism points to speed, perseverance, rank, power and wealth. The symbolism of wealth and power came about because the horse carried those of importance. In the example at left, the horse seems to be carved in a very amateurish way, but in this school of bottle production, naïveté was the style.
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In recent years a popular method of snuff insufflation has been the snuff bullet. A simple snuff bullet consists of a small bottle with a plug in the base, a rotatable "dosing chamber" and a hole on the top. More advanced snuff bullets have variable dosing settings. They can be made of plastic, glass
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It was not until the early 19th century and late in the
Jiaqing reign that snuff bottles decorated with inside painting came to the fore. The inspiration of inside-painted snuff bottles might have originated from the court, but did not receive any support of the imperial workshops. Nevertheless, this
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Many bottles are completely devoid of decoration, others are incredibly ornate. As in all
Chinese arts and crafts, motifs and symbols play an important part in decorative detail. Symbols are derived from a multitude of sources such as legends, history, religion, philosophy and superstition. The ideas
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some time during the mid- to late-16th century. It was originally smoked in pipes before the establishment of the Qing dynasty. The use of snuff and snuff bottles spread through the upper class, and by the end of the 17th century it had become a part of social ritual to use snuff. This lasted through
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By history
Watershed, the inside painted snuff bottle can be divided into the old and the contemporary inside painting in the market. The old inside paintings include four great masters in the Qing dynasty, Ma Shaoxuan, Ye Zhongsan, Ding Erzhong and Zhou Leyuan. The contemporary inner painting snuff
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Gan
Xuanwen, also known as Gan Xuan has long been recognized as an important early artist of inside-painted snuff bottles in China. Quite a number of his bottles carry cyclical dates together with a reign period, and hence his works can be dated for certainty to roughly the first quarter of the 19th
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Snuff bottles made of other materials in the
European and American markets is relatively high in value. Due to the historical nature, the old snuff bottle tends to against the devaluation. Western collectors have more recognition of the old ones. For example, the price of a work by Ma Shaoxuan's at
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Of the schools, the Ji school is the most significant painting style compared to three of others. In their peak time, the Ji school had nearly 40,000 painters in
Hengshui. By contrast, other schools' painters are more like a studio or workshop and are not widely known. The Ji school was founded in
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A dragon is shown in the example at right on a porcelain bottle in splendid red and blue and clutching the inevitable fiery pearl. One of the traditions of
Chinese art is that only the emperor, his sons and princes of the first and second ranks were permitted to own an artefact illustrated with a
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Apart from the original snuff bottles, snuff bottles had expanded to a new genre of inside painting in the late Qing dynasty. The inside painting was a skill that complied with traditional
Chinese painting and the workmanship of original snuff bottles. Many Western traders favoured this exquisite
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used are almost always directed toward bringing wealth, health, good luck, longevity, even immortality to the owner of an artifact, frequently as a wish expressed in a kind of coded form by the giver of a gift. Probably the most popular decoration is the Shou character, a symbol of happiness and
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Another popular device is a representation of the 18 Lohan, who were the personal disciples of Buddha, just one group of the many revered immortals in China. Apart from the 18 Lohan there is a constellation of other divines who are portrayed, even their innards. The eight precious organs of the
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Wang Xisan, born in 1938, is commonly known as the most representative artist in the modern inside painted snuff bottle. There are four primary schools in this field: Ji, Lu, Jing, and Yue schools. Each school has its own characteristics on the snuff bottle's painting and even the carrier. For
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Their scenes are an inch or two high and are painted while manipulating the brush through the neck of the bottle at times only a quarter inch across, in reverse. Ursula Bourne, in her treatise on snuff, suggested that artisans painted on their backs to make it easier to work through the narrow
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However, the Chinese arts and crafts masters of contemporary painters have begun to show significant growth. For example, in 2010, Zhang Guangqing's works were sold at the Beijing Hanhai auction for US$ 176,640 around; at the same auction. Wang Xisan's works were sold for US$ 178,230 around.
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The fish is both an emblem of wealth and abundance and of harmony and connubial bliss. The fish emblem is used in a variety of decorative ways. Bamboo is a frequent motif. Because of its durability and its being evergreen it has come, along with many other symbols, to signify longevity.
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most of the 18th century. Eventually, the trend spread into the rest of the country and into every social class. It was common to offer a pinch of snuff as a way to greet friends and relatives. Snuff bottles soon became an object of beauty and a way to represent status and wealth.
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bottles comprise the direct disciple headed by Master Wang Xisan, and well-known artists of the other three schools, such as Liu Shouben, Li Kechang, Wu Songling, etc., are all first-class masters who earned the title of Chinese arts and crafts issued by China authority.
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After the Qing dynasty, few people took snuff. The making of snuff bottles has been evolving into pure art instead of practical objects. A modern inside painted snuff bottle is one of a kind, which serves as a collectible item that captivates the art collectors.
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dragon having five claws. Four-clawed dragons were restricted to princes of the third and fourth ranks, while the common folk had to be content with a dragon having three claws. However, it is common to find that many older bottles have dragons with five claws.
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Modern interior-painted snuff bottles are still ongoing in a state of progress, just like conceptual art that is constantly evolving. In the future, contemporary interior-painted snuff bottles can genuinely develop their path and find the niches in the market.
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Chinese snuff bottles were typically decorated with paintings or carvings, which distinguished bottles of different quality and value. Decorative bottles were, and remain, time-consuming in their production and are thus desirable for today's collectors.
291:, though probably the most commonly used material was glass. The stopper usually had a very small spoon attached for extracting the snuff. Though rare, such bottles were also used by women in Europe in Victorian times, with the bottles typically made of
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Buddha are venerated – his heart, gall bladder, spleen, lungs, liver, stomach, kidneys and intestines. These are rarely depicted on snuff bottles. Animals, on the other hand appear with regularity, the most common being the dragon.
471:. By contrast, the marketability and value of contemporary interior-painted snuff bottles are still being verified. European and American collectors are also holding a wait-and-see attitude. The market is not yet transparent.
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The hare represents a wish for long life and even immortality. In Chinese tradition it is believed that if one attains a sufficiently high standard of morality and enlightenment, one will become one of the immortals.
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The three legged toad is a mythical creature. It was thought to be an animated purse containing an inexhaustible supply of coins, hence it represents wealth and has become a symbol of the unattainable.
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opening. A skilled artist may complete a simple bottle in a week while something special may take a month or more to half a year and the best craftsmen will produce only a few bottles in a year.
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craft at that time and collected the majority of high-quality old snuff bottles. The works of four major inside painters such as Ma Shaoxuan and Ye Zhongsan's are appeared in the famous auctions.
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152:. Smoking tobacco was illegal during the Qing dynasty, but the use of snuff was allowed because the Chinese considered snuff to be a remedy for common illnesses such as
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Inside painted bottles themes include landscapes, bird-and-flowers, figures and auspicious themes. They are viewed as miniature paintings within the bottle.
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The use of snuff increased and decreased with the rise and fall of the Qing dynasty and died away soon after the establishment of the
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The size of a snuff bottle is small enough to fit inside the palm. Snuff bottles were made out of many different materials including
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and stomach disorders. Therefore, snuff was carried in a small bottle like other medicines. The snuff bottle replaced the
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century, during the late Jiaqing (1796–1820) and early Daoguang (1821–1850) reigns of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911).
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Hugh Moss – Chinese Snuff Bottles – large gallery of designs and online reference material e-yaji.com
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A Treasury of Chinese Snuff Bottles: The Mary and George Bloch Collection Volume 6 Arts of the Fire
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The work of Ding Erzhong in Sotheby's autumn auction in 2010 in New York was sold for US$ 170,500
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The horse is another animal frequently used in the decorative work. The horse is one of the
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Weekly journals on Contemporary Inside Painted Snuff Bottle – Online Reference from D.D art
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Wolfmar Zacken: 97 Chinesische Snuff Bottles aus China. Edition Galerie Zacke 1985
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Chinese Snuff Bottles: The Adventures and Studies of a Collector by Lilla S. Perry
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example, the Yue school snuff bottle has a clear appearance and is vase-shaped.
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Collector's Book of Chinese Snuff Bottle: Introduction of All Kinds of Bottle
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Christie's Hong Kong auction in 2004 was sold in US$ 22,000 around.
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Chinese Snuff Bottles: Masterpieces in Miniature by Eric J. Hoffman
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Ye Zhongsan Inside Painted Snuff Bottle of Various Fish, dated 1913
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Chinese Snuff Bottles: From the Sanctum of Enlightened Respect III
596:"Exchange: Nephrite jade snuff bottle in the shape of an elephant"
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1320:"What is "Technique of Photo Projected" in fake inside painting?"
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716:"Ivory Snuff Bottle Mounted in Embellished Silver (y1936-1067)"
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The Water, Pine and Stone Retreat Collection of Snuff Bottles
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764:"Exchange: Coconut shell snuff bottle with foliage design"
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Tobacco was introduced by the Portuguese to the court at
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The Collector's Book of Snuff Bottles by Bob C. Stevens
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The Shou character is commonly found on snuff bottles.
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668:"snuff-bottle; snuff-box; stopper | British Museum"
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
462:A modern inside painted snuff bottle by Li Yingtao
450:The current market of inside painted snuff bottle
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620:"Snuff Bottle | Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum"
401:are glass bottles which have pictures and often
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836:"Snuff Bottle – late 18th–early 19th century"
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437:An inside painted snuff bottle by Wang Xisan
405:painted on the inside surface of the glass.
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1456:International Chinese Snuff Bottle Society
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425:Modern era of inside painted snuff bottles
1466:CuiQiXuan – inside-painting snuff bottles
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1255:"Exchange: Mother of pearl snuff bottle"
644:"Exchange: Rhinoceros Horn Snuff Bottle"
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125:Chinese snuff bottle, Walters Art Museum
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812:"Exchange: Lapis lazuli snuff bottle"
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744:collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk
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491:Snuff bullets and other accessories.
303:Symbolism in snuff bottle decoration
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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1308:, Shire Publications, 1990, p. 24.
967:"Exchange: Malachite snuff bottle"
943:"Exchange: Carnelian snuff bottle"
135:American Museum of Natural History
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1015:"snuff-bottle | British Museum"
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919:"Exchange: Jasper snuff bottle"
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788:"snuff-bottle | British Museum"
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1183:"Exchange: Agate snuff bottle"
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692:"Exchange: Ivory snuff bottle"
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516:Chen, Po Han (20 April 2021).
335:Dragon clutching a fiery pearl
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1318:Chen, Po Han (17 June 2021).
991:"Snuff Bottle – 19th century"
518:"What does Snuff Bottle mean"
200:Chinese snuff bottles in the
1414:. Laurence King Publishing.
1231:"Snuff bottle stopper/spoon"
392:Modern inside painted bottle
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1349:Hui, Humphrey K.F. (2002).
363:Other commonly used symbols
353:Seven Treasures of Buddhism
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1235:National Museums Scotland
1063:"Snuff Bottle with Birds"
875:National Museums Scotland
1410:Low, Denis S.K. (2007).
1397:. Herald International.
1163:collections.museumca.org
899:collections.museumca.org
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376:"Inside painted" bottles
1483:guyuexuan snuff bottle
1259:exchange.umma.umich.edu
1187:exchange.umma.umich.edu
1043:artmuseum.princeton.edu
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947:exchange.umma.umich.edu
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816:exchange.umma.umich.edu
768:exchange.umma.umich.edu
720:artmuseum.princeton.edu
696:exchange.umma.umich.edu
648:exchange.umma.umich.edu
600:exchange.umma.umich.edu
1393:Moss, Hugh M. (2008).
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1538:Tobacco accessories
1533:Fashion accessories
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1091:www.philamuseum.org
552:www.philamuseum.org
192:Materials and sizes
164:used by Europeans.
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