1408:
510:, the arrangement of the emerging leaves relative to each other, varies among species. These may be applanate (flat), supervolute (conduplicate), or explicative (pleated). In applanate vernation, the two leaf blades are pressed flat to each other within the bud and as they emerge; explicative leaves are also pressed flat against each other, but the edges of the leaves are folded back (externally recurved) or sometimes rolled; in supervolute plants, one leaf is tightly clasped around the other within the bud and generally remains at the point where the leaves emerge from the soil (for illustration, see Stearn and Davis). In the past, this feature has been used to distinguish between species and to determine the parentage of hybrids, but now has been shown to be
3079:
760:
3054:
915:
1420:
268:
2670:
1397:
1385:
90:
2719:
1377:
2711:
49:
3108:
2749:. Also, many hybrids between these and other species exist (more than 500 cultivars are described in Bishop, Davis, and Grimshaw's book, plus lists of many cultivars that have now been lost, and others not seen by the authors). They differ particularly in the size, shape, and markings of the flower, the period of flowering, and other characteristics, mainly of interest to the keen (even fanatical) snowdrop collectors, known as "
3132:, a greedy queen decrees that a basket of gold coins shall be rewarded to anyone who can bring her galanthus flowers in the dead of winter. A young orphan girl is sent out during a snow storm by her cruel stepmother to find the spirits of the 12 months of the year, who take pity on her and not only save her from freezing to death, but also make it possible for her to gather the flowers even in winter. The
853:. It has been introduced and is widely naturalised elsewhere. Although it is often thought of as a British native wild flower, or to have been brought to the British Isles by the Romans, it most likely was introduced around the early sixteenth century, and is currently not a protected species in the UK. It was first recorded as naturalised in the UK in
961:
was derived. He described the plant as "ἑπεἰ τοῖς γε χρώμασι λευκἂ καἱ οὐ λεπυριώδη" (in colour white and bulbs without scales) and of their habits "Ἰῶν δ' ἁνθῶν τὀ μἑν πρῶτον ἑκφαἱνεται τὁ λευκόἲον, ὅπου μἑν ό ἀἠρ μαλακώτερος εὐθὑς τοῦ χειμῶνος, ὅπου δἐ σκληρότερος ὕστερον, ἑνιαχοῡ τοῡ ἣρος" (Of the
2955:
Propagation is by offset bulbs, either by careful division of clumps in full growth ("in the green"), or removed when the plants are dormant, immediately after the leaves have withered; or by seeds sown either when ripe, or in spring. Professional growers and keen amateurs also use such methods as
3200:
Russian composer
Tchaikovsky wrote a series of 12 piano pieces, each one named after a month of the year with a second name suggesting something associated with that month. His "April" piece is subnamed "Snow Drop". The Russian climate having a later spring, and winter ending a bit later than in
2536:
are autumn flowering. In colder climates, they will emerge through snow (see illustration). They naturalise relatively easily forming large drifts. These are often sterile, found near human habitation, and also former monastic sites. The leaves die back a few weeks after the flowers have faded.
2681:
Celebrated as a sign of spring, snowdrops may form impressive carpets of white in areas where they are native or have been naturalised. These displays may attract large numbers of sightseers. There are a number of snowdrop gardens in
England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Several gardens open
2507:
6327:
An introduction to the natural system of botany: or, A systematic view of the organisation, natural affinities, and geographical distribution, of the whole vegetable kingdom : together with the uses of the most important species in medicine, the arts, and rural or domestic
1193:
in tribe
Amarylleae, order Amaryllidaceae, alliance Narcissales. These three genera have been treated together taxonomically by most authors, on the basis of an inferior ovary. As the number of plant species increased, so did the taxonomic complexity. By the time
2573:, whether bulbs, live plants, or even dead ones, is illegal without a CITES permit. This applies to hybrids and named cultivars, as well as species. CITES lists all species, but allows a limited trade in wild-collected bulbs of just three species (
3652:
4424:
2418:, 23 cm tall, flowering January/February, with large flowers, the three inner segments of which often have a much larger and more conspicuous green blotch (or blotches) than the more common kinds; supervolute vernation. Grown as ornamental.
4398:
3111:
2763:'Flore Pleno', may be less attractive to some people, but they can have greater visual impact in a garden setting. Cultivars with yellow markings and ovaries rather than the usual green are also grown, such as 'Wendy's Gold'. Many
1407:
6304:
Flore française ou descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France disposées selon une nouvelle méthode d'analyse; et précédées par un exposé des principes élémentaires de la
1536:
Stern further utilised characteristics such as the markings of the inner segments, length of the pedicels in relation to the spathe, and the colour and shape of the leaves in identifying and classifying species
2682:
specially in
February for visitors to admire the flowers. Sixty gardens took part in Scotland's first Snowdrop Festival (1 Feb–11 March 2007). Several gardens in England open during snowdrop season for the
750:
614:
are inserted at the base of the perianth, and are very short (shorter than the inner perianth segments), the anthers basifixed (attached at their bases) with filaments much shorter than the anthers; they
2494:(snow-drop), the tear drop shaped pearl earrings popular in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Other, earlier, common names include Candlemas bells, Fair maids of February, and White ladies (see
6121:
Species
Plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas
3023:
that moly was "used as an antidote against poisons" although which specific poisons it was effective against remains unclear. Galantamine (or galanthamine) may be helpful in the treatment of
2643:
species and cultivars are extremely popular as symbols of spring and are traded more than any other wild-source ornamental bulb genus. Millions of bulbs are exported annually from Turkey and
849:. It is native to a large area of Europe, stretching from the Pyrenees in the west, through France and Germany to Poland in the north, Italy, northern Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, and
7277:
1485:, due to the morphological similarities among the species and relative lack of easily discernible distinguishing characteristics. Stern divided the genus into three series according to leaf
7704:
1577:
in addition to vernation, forming two series. He used somewhat different terminology for vernation, namely applanate (flat), explicative (plicate), and supervolute (convolute). He merged
1185:
in his
Amaryllideae (which he called The Narcissus Tribe in English). By 1853, the number of known plants was increasing considerably and he revised his schema in his last work, placing
1091:, using a modified form of Linnaeus' sexual classification, but with the respective topography of stamens to carpels rather than just their numbers. In doing so, he restored the name
366:
in 1753. As the number of recognised species increased, various attempts were made to divide the species into subgroups, usually on the basis of the pattern of the emerging leaves (
7161:
6443:
7092:
6591:(October 2010). "Using a phylogenetic approach to selection of target plants in drug discovery of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting alkaloids in Amaryllidaceae tribe Galantheae".
6770:"Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography within the Eurasian clade of Amaryllidaceae based on plastid ndhF and nrDNA ITS sequences: lineage sorting in a reticulate area?"
592:(claw like); tapering to the base and erect. These tepals also bear green markings at the base, the apex, or both, that when at the apex, are bridge-shaped over the small
2235:
2446:, from Sicily, northern Greece and the southern part of former Yugoslavia, blooms at the end of the winter with developed young leaves and is thus easily confused with
653:
fruit. This fruit is fleshy, ellipsoid or almost spherical, opening by three flaps, with seeds that are light brown to white and oblong with a small appendage or tail (
5334:
2436:, but flowers in autumn before the leaves appear. The leaves, which appear in the spring, have a characteristic white stripe on their upper side; applanate vernation
2262:
2202:
962:
flowers, the first to appear is the white violet. Where the climate is mild, it appears with the first sign of winter, but in more severe climates, later in spring)
1980:
2186:
2224:
2396:, grows to around 7–15 cm tall, flowering between January and April in the northern temperate zone (January–May in the wild). Applanate vernation Grown as
2158:
1991:
3169:
of the United States Army (who were stationed in the UK preparatory to the invasion of the continent) because they wore a white helmet, gloves, gaiters, and
2078:
2043:
1969:
588:
or linear, shortly clawed, and erect spreading. The inner tepals are much shorter (half to two thirds as long), oblong, spathulate or oblanceolate, somewhat
7140:
6769:
7363:
2067:
2007:
2213:
2136:
2027:
6072:
The Works of Virgil: Translated Into
English Prose, as Near the Original as the Different Idioms of the Latin and English Languages Will Allow & etc
5475:
Types of floral mechanism; a selection of diagrams and descriptions of common flowers arranged as an introduction to the systematic study of angiosperms
3251:(February 2) – the optimum flowering time of the plant – at which young women, robed in white, would walk in solemn procession in commemoration of the
5911:
7331:
7950:
6384:
1660:
6901:
Rønsted, Nina; Zubov, Dimitri; Bruun-Lund, Sam; Davis, Aaron P. (October 2013). "Snowdrops falling slowly into place: An improved phylogeny for
6278:
Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux
5798:
1442:(Panjutin's snowdrop) was discovered in 2012 in five locations in a small area (estimated at 20 km (7.7 sq mi)) of the northern
5521:
The
European Garden Flora, Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass
7989:
4585:
1707:, but limited to the 14 species found in Turkey, largely confirmed Davis' series and subseries, and with biogeographical correlation. Series
6408:
7056:
3862:
Esquisse. D'une Série linéaire et par conséquent artificielle, pour la disposition des familles naturelles du règne végetal p. 219
2753:", who hold meetings where the scarcer cultivars change hands. Double-flowered cultivars and forms, such as the extremely common
8025:
1626:, and showed that Davis' subseries were not monophyletic. An expanded study in 2013 demonstrated seven major clades, corresponding to
1368:
species may have inner segments similar in shape and length to the outer ones. Galantheae are likely to have arisen in the
Caucusus.
7181:
1380:
The three different forms of leaf shoots from the bulb: flat (applanate), folded (explicative) rolled up (convolute) (left to right)
556:(single). From between the spathes emerges a solitary (rarely two), pendulous, nodding, bell-shaped white flower, held on a slender
7898:
6424:
3218:
introduction and in the slow unfurling of the opening waltz. Strauss composed this piece for a
Russian Embassy dinner given at the
1648:
677:
6544:
Hester, Gerko; Kaku, Hanae; Goldstein, Irwin J. & Schubert Wright, Christine (1995). "Structure of mannose-specific snowdrop (
7963:
7911:
992:'s translation, and comments that the plant had originated in Italy and had "taken possession" in England "many years past". The
4450:
4963:
2655:
were 5 million for Turkey and 15 million for Georgia. These figures include both wild-taken and artificially propagated bulbs.
957:). He gave it, and similar plants, the name λευκόἲον (λευκος, leukos "white" and ἰόν, ion "violet") from which the later name
7725:
6907:
6024:
5757:
5748:
5720:
5696:
5595:
5563:
5459:
4247:
2407:, 30 cm tall, flowering January/March, white flowers, with broad leaves folded back at the edges (explicative vernation)
1688:. These clades were assigned names, partly according to Davis' previous groupings. In this model clade, the group containing
7968:
8117:
3234:, daughter of the Russian diplomat and foreign minister Count Karl Nesselrode, and Strauss also dedicated his waltz to her.
1462:
was identified in Greece in 2014. Since it has not been subjected to genetic sequencing, it remains unplaced. It resembles
572:, arranged in two whorls of three, the outer whorl being larger and more convex than the inner whorl. The outer tepals are
7611:
7228:
6823:
Mi, Xiaoxiao; Liu, Xue; Yan, Haolu; Liang, Lina; Zhou, Xiangyan; Yang, Jiangwei; Si, Huaijun; Zhang, Ning (January 2017).
5127:
6944:
Semerdjieva, Ivanka; Sidjimova, Boryana; Yankova-Tsvetkova, Elina; Kostova, Milena; Zheljazkov, Valtcho (December 2019).
6593:
7633:
7548:
6250:
5532:
4480:
1126:
553:
7744:
5940:
5890:
5841:
5820:
5774:
5675:
5508:
5487:
3085:
Snowdrops figure prominently in art and literature, often as a symbol in poetry of spring, purity, and religion (see
7602:
6825:"Expression of the Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) gene in transgenic potato plants confers resistance to aphids"
6220:
Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarvm et Elegantiorvm Litterarvm Theodoro-Palatinae, Volume 6
3197:
follows the fate of a snowdrop from a bulb striving toward the light to a picked flower placed in a book of poetry.
600:. Occasionally, the markings are either green-yellow, yellow, or absent, and the shape and size varies by species.
4744:
7994:
7937:
7356:
6807:
6644:
6380:"Discussion de quelques points de glossologie botanique: revue critique des dénominations françaises des plantes"
6342:
The Vegetable Kingdom: or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system
4851:
4796:
3688:
3338:
in Scotland, and lent its name to the subsequent campaign to restrict the legal ownership of handguns in the UK.
3178:
1668:. The morphological characteristic of vernation that earlier authors had mainly relied on was shown to be highly
1515:
1165:) was to last for another two centuries until the two were formally divided at the end of the twentieth century.
300:
8102:
7582:
5183:
4770:
4548:
3006:
577:
573:
6727:(1999). "Systematics of Amaryllidaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-F sequence data".
6038:
5101:
3097:(1929). In this poem, he likened the triple tepals in each whorl ("A triplet of green-pencilled snow") to the
3078:
7976:
7457:
7144:
3145:
3133:
8043:
6086:
P. Virgilii Maronis Bucolicorum eclogæ decem: The Bucolicks of Virgil, with an English translation and notes
4993:
4136:
3013:'s poisons. Further supporting this notion are notes made during the fourth century BC by the Greek scholar
6272:
6197:
5049:
4903:
6210:
Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Botanique. Illustrations des genres II
5921:
5075:
3622:
7825:
7820:
7700:
7324:
5917:
5868:
4662:
3637:
2776:
1631:
7890:
7877:
6169:
Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam
8038:
7442:
7003:
Taşci Margoz, Nivart; Yüzbaşioğlu, İbrahim Sırrı; Çelen, Zeynep; Ekim, Tuna; Bilgin, Ayşe Neşe (2013).
6864:
6640:(Amaryllidaceae) based on plastid matK and nuclear ribosomal spacer (ITS) DNA sequences and morphology"
6163:
4718:
4510:
4063:
3252:
1685:
1360:
species are much larger and flower in spring (or early summer, depending on the species), with all six
1207:
1072:
7567:"Galanthamomanie – von der Liebe zu Galanthus Schneeglöckchen, Snowdrops, Sneeuwklokjes, Perce-Neiges"
1469:
Many species are difficult to identify, however, and traditional infrageneric classification based on
288:
89:
8107:
8004:
7916:
7418:
7376:
6550:
5650:
5335:"NNFCC Project Factsheet: Sustainable Production of the Natural Product Galanthamine (Defra), NF0612"
3152:
2545:. They also spread by dispersal of seed, animals disturbing bulbs, and water if disturbed by floods.
31:
7473:
7201:
4610:
3921:
3667:
8112:
7127:
5261:
4578:
3984:
3966:
3948:
3906:
3861:
3846:
3758:
3725:
3347:
3117:
2664:
832:
17:
6340:
6276:
4825:
3810:
3743:
8030:
7885:
7235:
6325:
6254:
6059:
5479:
5209:
5157:
4636:
3194:
2683:
2147:
2116:
371:
6358:
6189:
6145:
6119:
5235:
5019:
3710:
7872:
7773:
6080:
6016:
5851:
5473:
4933:
4877:
4688:
3784:
3334:
In more recent times, the snowdrop was adopted as a symbol of sorrow and of hope following the
3024:
2163:
1664:, and examined all species recognised at the time, as well as two naturally occurring putative
1611:
1206:(1862–1883) ordo Amaryllideae contained five tribes, and tribe Amarylleae three subtribes (see
7955:
6587:
Larsen, Maja Mellergaard; Adsersen, Anne; Davis, Aaron P.; Lledó, M. Dolores; Jäger, Anna K.;
6379:
5958:
5414:
3876:
3828:
3776:
3525:
634:
7251:
5983:
5366:
3165:"Snowdrops" was the nickname that the British people gave during the Second World War to the
2780:
2601:
1162:
498:
These are basal, emerging from the bulb initially enclosed in a tubular membranous sheath of
8017:
7846:
6963:
6916:
6602:
6354:
2629:
2059:
1719:
with clades Woronowii and Alpinus. However, the model did not provide complete resolution.
1482:
1199:
1129:
proposed that a subgroup of Liliaceae be distinguished on the basis of the position of the
2984:
In 1983, Andreas Plaitakis and Roger Duvoisin suggested that the mysterious magical herb,
8:
7811:
7483:
6228:
6006:
5469:
3289:
2593:
2558:
2171:
1424:
1118:
1019:
390:
7009:(Amaryllidaceae) of Anatolia inferred from multiple nuclear and chloroplast DNA regions"
6967:
6920:
6606:
4092:
4043:
4014:
3401:
759:
8074:
6986:
6945:
6889:
6799:
6791:
6745:
6699:
6674:
6661:
6575:
6532:
6489:
6455:
6438:
6256:
Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van-Diemen, exhibens characteres plantarum
6167:
5792:
3019:
2621:
2605:
2518:
2251:
2105:
1529:
1412:
1150:
1045:
874:
816:
646:
362:
Snowdrops have been known since the earliest times under various names, but were named
227:
84:
6477:
5628:
3053:
1364:
in the flower being the same size, although some "poculiform" (goblet- or cup-shaped)
374:
this characteristic has been shown to be unreliable and now seven molecularly defined
8012:
7833:
7035:
6991:
6932:
6881:
6877:
6846:
6774:
6753:
6704:
6631:
6567:
6536:
6481:
6135:
6020:
5936:
5886:
5876:
5837:
5816:
5780:
5770:
5744:
5716:
5692:
5671:
5606:
5591:
5559:
5528:
5504:
5483:
5455:
4458:
4371:
4344:
3335:
3204:
3090:
3032:
2865:
2644:
2392:
2094:
2054:
1451:
1389:
1181:
1084:
1010:
828:
665:
213:
57:
7503:
6893:
6803:
6665:
6579:
6493:
6015:]. Vol. ii. London and New York: William Heinemann and G.P. Putnam's Sons:
1161:. This relationship of Galanthus to either liliaceous or amaryllidaceaous taxa (see
502:. Generally, these are two (sometimes three) in number and linear, strap-shaped, or
8079:
7838:
7395:
7084:
7020:
6981:
6971:
6924:
6873:
6836:
6783:
6737:
6694:
6690:
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6433:
6398:
6393:
3583:
3266:
2832:
2764:
2695:
2465:
2397:
1665:
1470:
1105:(Snow-pierce), based on the plants tendency to push through early spring snow (see
1076:
914:
650:
557:
333:
329:
6976:
6105:
1489:(the way the leaves are folded in the bud, when viewed in transverse section, see
1419:
589:
267:
7689:"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora"
7616:
6302:
6232:
6218:
6208:
6084:
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858:
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642:
402:
394:
379:
170:
127:
8066:
7981:
6928:
6858:
Plaitakis, Andreas & Duvoisin, Roger C. (1983). "Homer's moly identified as
6360:
Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita
835:
in Europe, North America, and other regions. In the Udmurt republic of Russia,
552:(valves) usually fused down one side and joined by a papery membrane, appearing
7658:
7507:
7311:
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
6841:
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2020:
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356:
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160:
114:
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6614:
1396:
933:
Snowdrops have been known since early times, being described by the classical
468:
8096:
7796:
7641:
7529:
7399:
6720:
6627:
6458:(1999). "Effect of diets containing genetically modified potatoes expressing
6115:
5784:
5549:
4376:
4349:
3321:
3226:
on 2 December 1853, but did not perform it publicly until the year 1854. The
2998:
is the snowdrop. One of the active principles present in the snowdrop is the
2757:
2750:
2718:
2532:. They are among the earliest spring bulbs to bloom, although a few forms of
1958:
1447:
1095:
and retained their placement under Narcissi, this time as a family (known as
1001:
386:
284:
219:
197:
140:
4488:
3120:
in which she asks "Thou fairy gift from summer, Why art thou blooming now?"
2694:
is one of the best known of the English snowdrop gardens, being the home of
1680:
demonstrated intraspecific biogeographical clades, indicating problems with
1384:
1376:
1145:
as two quite separate families. However, in his comprehensive survey of the
8056:
7752:
7342:
6995:
6936:
6850:
6757:
6724:
6708:
6623:
6588:
6485:
6336:
6321:
6002:
3366:
3098:
3014:
2957:
2710:
1693:
1669:
1615:
1574:
1352:
1166:
1067:
provided a description of the genus in his encyclopedia (1786), and later,
938:
865:
species are from the eastern Mediterranean, while several are found in the
820:
511:
503:
416:
205:
7380:
6885:
6571:
5767:
Science of the magical: from the Holy Grail to love potions to superpowers
3588:
976:
in England in 1597 (probably using much of Dodoens' material), calling it
483:. The inner whorl is smaller than the outer whorl and has green markings.
401:. Sometimes snowdrops are confused with the two related genera within the
7924:
7805:
7068:(Amaryllidaceae) from the northern Colchis area of Western Transcaucasia"
6765:
6729:
6716:
6101:
5979:
5806:
3002:
2985:
2687:
2565:. In most countries collecting bulbs from the wild is now illegal. Under
1700:
1481:(1963) and Davis (1999, 2001), has not reflected what is known about its
1134:
973:
922:
792:
150:
7566:
7111:
7025:
7004:
6795:
6563:
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op. 143 after this flower. The inspiration is especially evident in the
1434:
has approximately 20 species, but new species continue to be described.
7903:
6749:
6464:
5518:
Cullen, James; Knees, Sabina G.; Cubey, H. Suzanne Cubey, eds. (2011).
3600:
3437:
3309:
3305:
3297:
3183:
2521:
1681:
1643:
1333:
1190:
980:(Early bulbous violet). Gerard refers to Theophrastus's description as
597:
581:
499:
448:
405:
180:
7310:
3530:
2541:
plants are relatively vigorous and may spread rapidly by forming bulb
1573:
By contrast Davis, with much more information and specimens, included
7929:
7859:
7075:
5882:
Botanical Latin: history, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary
3248:
2730:
2674:
2525:
2487:, meaning "of the snow". The word "Snowdrop" may be derived from the
1541:
1486:
1175:
1060:
893:
889:
775:
is native to Europe and the Middle East, from the Spanish and French
654:
507:
442:
367:
326:
305:
293:
7767:
7705:
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
7040:(Amaryllidaceae) from the island of Samothraki, northeastern Greece"
6741:
6527:
6502:
3027:, although it is not a cure; the substance also occurs naturally in
48:
8051:
7790:
7438:
6675:"Galantamine for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment"
6092:
3028:
2999:
2589:
2554:
1954:
1478:
1474:
1346:
1024:
969:
885:
866:
780:
776:
561:
476:
445:
410:
348:
7864:
5740:
Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production
3107:
1699:
By contrast, another study performed at the same time, using both
845:
is the best-known and most widespread representative of the genus
6954:
6294:
6204:
6185:
6046:
3324:
3141:
2994:
2477:
1635:
1443:
1075:, who is credited with the modern concept of genera organised in
1064:
1005:
804:
616:
611:
585:
472:
456:
434:
319:
7942:
4325:
3101:. He used snowdrop imagery several times in his poetry, such as
2506:
382:
distribution of species. New species continue to be discovered.
6141:
6066:
5812:
The naming of names the search for order in the world of plants
3328:
3223:
2969:
2476:) meaning "flower", alluding to the colour of the flowers. The
2429:
2425:
2415:
1962:
1619:
1455:
1344:). Sometimes snowdrops are confused with the other two genera,
934:
800:
788:
569:
549:
522:
464:
398:
375:
352:
344:
340:
248:
7851:
7708:
6013:
Historia plantarum (Theophrastus: Enquiry into Plants &c.)
5758:
Chapter 2. Alan Meerow. Taxonomy and Phylogeny. pp. 17–55
5291:
972:
botanist, described and illustrated this plant in 1583 as did
5970:
Davis, AP. "The genus Galanthus – snowdrops in the wild". In
3313:
3215:
3208:
3010:
2989:
2625:
2566:
2529:
2484:
1361:
993:
946:
808:
745:{\displaystyle \star \;P_{3+3}\;A_{3+3}\;G_{\overline {(3)}}}
620:
565:
545:
460:
315:
101:
74:
68:
4227:
4225:
4212:
4210:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
1099:, at that time) and referred to the French vernacular name,
1022:. In doing so, he distinguished this genus and species from
7692:
7487:
4197:
4195:
3449:
3301:
3182:, "Snowdrop" is used as an alternate name for the Princess
2586:
2129:
1654:
1332:
is one of three closely related genera making up the tribe
784:
452:
323:
6548:) lectin is representative of a new plant lectin family".
5346:
5344:
3992:
3461:
2585:) from Turkey and Georgia. A number of species are on the
1044:
began a system of arranging genera in families. Using the
873:
is found in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, and, perhaps,
7666:
7285:
Kehan Harman: An Interactive Key to the Genus Galanthus L
7034:
Tan, Kit; Siljak-Yakovlev, Sonja; Biel, Burkhard (2014).
5315:
5279:
4254:
4222:
4207:
3926:
3884:
3408:
658:
274:: Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, 1885
4313:
4192:
4021:
869:, in southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.
5527:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5371:
5341:
1711:
in this study corresponded to clade nivalis, subseries
7422:
7182:"Dunblane 20 years on: Scotland unites to pay tribute"
5691:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 202, 342.
4584:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 39.
4291:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4180:
4099:
4070:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
7688:
7425:. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
6293:
5395:
5303:
3872:
2960:" to increase the stock of choice cultivars quickly.
2698:, a collector of Galanthus specimens, and after whom
1634:(Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer), and
680:
27:
Genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidacee
7055:
Zubov, Dmitriy A.; Davis, Aaron P. (20 April 2012).
6501:
Fishchuk, Oksana & Odintsova, A. (August 2020).
6172:. Paris: apud viduam Herissant et Theophilum Barrois
4116:
4114:
2775:
As of July 2017, the following have gained the
2569:
regulations, international trade in any quantity of
7064:: a new name for an invalidly published species of
6862:L.: physiologic antidote to stramonium poisoning".
6227:
5548:
5448:Bishop, Matt; Davis, Aaron; Grimshaw, John (2001).
4278:
3911:
3824:
3521:
3473:
3230:banquet was given in honour of her Excellency Frau
2553:Some snowdrop species are threatened in their wild
1466:, but is outside the distribution of that species.
1153:, 1805–1815) he divided Liliaceae into a series of
6943:
4417:
2039:Elwesii clade (Turkey, Aegean Islands, SE Europe)
744:
6857:
6500:
5857:Snowdrops and Snowflakes – a study of the genera
5712:The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol.3
5383:
5297:
4517:
4301:
4266:
4168:
4141:
4111:
3285:(little snow bells) invokes the symbol of bells.
2616:and several species show decreasing populations.
1214:in subtribe Genuinae and included three species.
1189:together, and the other two genera in the modern
1133:and be referred to as Amaryllideae, and in 1813,
1032:), a name by which it previously had been known.
359:). The smaller inner petals have green markings.
8094:
7250:
6037:(1906) . Mayhoff, Karl Friedrich Theodor (ed.).
6033:
4391:
3455:
2128:Woronowii clade (Caucasus, E. and NE Turkey, N.
1630:distribution. This study used nuclear encoded nr
7276:
6503:"Micromorphology and anatomy of the flowers of
5769:(First Scribner hardcover ed.). New York.
3467:
3105:(1950) – see Box. Another instance is the poem
1018:species. Consequently, Linnaeus is granted the
30:"Snowdrop" redirects here. For other uses, see
6900:
6764:
6089:(4th ed.). London: G. and W.B. Whittaker.
6065:
5451:Snowdrops: a Monograph of Cultivated Galanthus
3998:
3938:
3431:
3243:Early names refer to the association with the
2686:(NGS) and in Scotland for Scotland's Gardens.
1169:(1830) followed this general pattern, placing
343:and a single small white drooping bell-shaped
7534:in Turkey and difficulties on identification"
7002:
6715:
6586:
6543:
6349:
6345:(3rd ed.). London: Bradbury & Evans.
5995:
5978:
5971:
5962:
5737:Rina Kamenetsky; Hiroshi Okubo, eds. (2012).
5684:
5517:
5447:
5356:
5285:
4535:
4331:
4260:
4231:
4216:
3980:
3962:
3944:
3932:
3890:
3818:
3606:
3594:
3536:
3507:
3443:
3270:
3255:, an alternative name for the feast day. The
3162:in Japan), are based on this fairy-tale play.
2725:'Wendy's Gold' has yellow markings and ovary.
7439:"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families"
7309:
6672:
6621:
6406:
6184:
6001:
5885:(4th ed.). Portland, OR: Timber Press.
5688:Plants and their names: a concise dictionary
5321:
4319:
4201:
4027:
3956:
3766:
3754:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3633:
3618:
3542:
3280:
3260:
3077:
2183:Alpinus clade (Caucasus, NE Turkey, N.Iran)
1121:(1805) who replaced Jussieu's Narcissi with
641:is slender and longer than the anthers; the
596:(notch) at the tip of each tepal, which are
7527:
6768:; Francisco-Ortega, J; Schnell, RJ (2006).
6622:Lledó, Ma D.; Davis, A. P.; Crespo, M. B.;
6453:
6417:(Amaryllidaceae) from north-western Turkey"
6271:
6107:The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes
4158:
4156:
3896:
3866:
3857:
3733:
754:
7109:
7054:
7033:
6385:Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France
5797:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5736:
5626:
5377:
5350:
4186:
4105:
4076:
4055:
4053:
3715:
3563:
3561:
3517:
3515:
3503:
3501:
2647:. For instance export quotas for 2016 for
811:. The northern limit is uncertain because
718:
701:
684:
385:Most species flower in winter, before the
47:
7701:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"
7656:
7199:
7024:
6985:
6975:
6840:
6822:
6698:
6526:
6437:
6407:Davis, Aaron P; Özhatay, Neriman (2001).
6397:
6075:(5th ed.). London: J Beecroft et al.
6035:Plinius Secundus, Gaius (Pliny the Elder)
5649:
4372:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"
4345:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"
3693:
2677:, Bretherton, Lancashire in February 2009
1157:, and placed Galanthus into the Narcissi
7179:
6673:Loy, C; Schneider, L (25 January 2006).
6425:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
6308:. vol. III (3rd ed.). Paris: Desray
6114:
5987:
5956:
5935:. London: Frances Lincoln. p. 160.
5705:
5401:
4153:
4082:
4033:
4004:
3851:
3663:
3657:
3492:
2717:
2709:
2668:
2628:, was destroyed by preparations for the
2505:
1418:
1406:
1395:
1383:
1375:
1109:for illustration). The modern family of
913:
839:are found even above the 56th parallel.
758:
463:is characterised by the presence of two
266:
7723:
7394:
6679:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6335:
6320:
6203:
6162:
6140:
5928:
5685:Hyam, R. & Pankhurst, R.J. (1995).
5663:
5590:monograph. Portland, OR: Timber Press.
5362:
4295:
4237:
4126:
4050:
3917:
3902:
3806:
3800:
3772:
3748:
3739:
3721:
3684:
3558:
3512:
3498:
1137:separated them by describing Liliacées
649:. The ovary ripens into a three-celled
14:
8095:
7609:
7583:"Snowdrop Week: Galanthus 'John Gray'"
7504:"Shepton Mallet Horticultural Society"
7437:
7271:
7128:"Snowdrops and Strange Galanthophiles"
6124:. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii
6100:
6079:
5875:
5805:
5764:
5604:
5468:
5309:
4088:
4039:
4010:
3706:
3648:
3642:
3397:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
2651:were 7 million for Turkey. Quotas for
657:) containing substances attractive to
521:(flowering stalk) is erect, leafless,
378:are recognised that correspond to the
7772:
7771:
7657:Winterman, Denise (2 February 2012).
7474:"Galanthus nivalis (common snowdrop)"
7456:
7297:
7138:
7125:
6908:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
6723:; Guy, C.L.; Li, Q.-B.; Zaman, F.Q.;
6366:(in Latin). London: L Reeve & Co.
6249:
5969:
5906:
5850:
5829:
5579:
5525:(vol. 1. Alismataceae to Orchidaceae)
4523:
4451:"Snowdrops and Snowdrop Gardens 2007"
4307:
4272:
4174:
4162:
4147:
4132:
4120:
3974:
3842:
3836:
3612:
3573:
3548:
3061:See, in this waste of burthened cloud
3038:
3009:, could have acted as an antidote to
2737:are known, and also of several other
2729:Numerous single- and double-flowered
2714:Snowdrop with extra tepals (mutation)
8005:00a9f262-0760-467d-ac4f-ce3540347e3d
7742:
7554:from the original on 9 October 2022.
7369:from the original on 9 October 2022.
7337:from the original on 9 October 2022.
7200:Randerson, James (15 January 2008).
7159:
7098:from the original on 9 October 2022.
6449:from the original on 9 October 2022.
6377:
6110:(1st ed.). London: John Norton.
5833:The Plant Lover's Guide to Snowdrops
5552:; Clifford, H.T.; Yeo, P.F. (1985).
5389:
3790:
3627:
2432:, is quite similar in appearance to
941:, in the fourth century BCE, in his
892:or alkaline soil, although some are
7659:"Snowdrop fanciers and their mania"
7482:
7417:
7375:
6594:Biochemical Systematics and Ecology
6515:Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems
5496:
4591:from the original on 9 October 2022
4377:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
4350:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
4243:
4059:
3847:Prodromus. Amaryllideae p. 296
3678:
3579:
3568:Bishop, Davis & Grimshaw (2002)
3384:
3160:Sekai meisaku dowa mori wa ikiteiru
3134:Soviet traditionally animated film
2767:have also occurred in cultivation.
2658:
2278:Cladogram of evolutionary lines in
1730:Cladogram of evolutionary lines in
1225:Cladogram of evolutionary lines in
24:
7631:
7516:
7202:"Árpád Pusztai: Biological Divide"
7162:"STRAUSS II, J.: Edition - Vol. 7"
6439:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2001.tb02335.x
6223:. Manheim: Typis Academicis. 1790.
6191:Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique
5555:The families of the monocotyledons
5503:. Ramsbury: Crowood. p. 256.
3173:against their olive drab uniforms.
2624:. One of its five known sites, at
2090:Nivalis clade (Europe, NW Turkey)
1438:was identified in Turkey in 2001.
767:species in Europe and Western Asia
25:
8129:
7681:
7252:"Vernation patterns in Galanthus"
5984:Flowering Plants · Monocotyledons
3873:de Lamarck & de Candolle 1815
3522:Dahlgren, Clifford & Yeo 1985
1715:with clade Elwesii and subseries
1030:Leucojum bulbosum trifolium minus
827:and some other species valued as
514:, and not useful in this regard.
7303:
7229:"Digital Collections: Galanthus"
7180:McGivern, Mark (12 March 2016).
6878:10.1097/00002826-198303000-00001
6462:lectin on rat small intestine".
6234:Exposition de familles naturales
6069:(1770). Davidson, Joseph (ed.).
6067:Vergilius Maro, Publius (Virgil)
5765:Kaplan, Matt (27 October 2015).
5407:
5327:
3106:
3052:
2979:
2592:of threatened species, with the
1614:studies confirmed the genus was
1490:
88:
7610:Bourne, Val (2 February 2015).
7441:. The Board of Trustees of the
6950:species in the Bulgarian flora"
6645:Plant Systematics and Evolution
6229:Jaume Saint-Hilaire, Jean Henri
5435:
5254:
5228:
5202:
5176:
5150:
5120:
5094:
5068:
5042:
5012:
4986:
4956:
4926:
4896:
4870:
4844:
4818:
4789:
4763:
4737:
4711:
4681:
4655:
4629:
4603:
4571:
4541:
4503:
4473:
4443:
4364:
4337:
3331:' the new spring and new year.
3179:Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
2548:
1672:. A number of species, such as
528:
8044:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1471-1
7612:"Wonderful snowdrop varieties"
6691:10.1002/14651858.CD001747.pub3
6399:10.1080/00378941.1862.10836554
3359:
3275:, refers to purification. The
3265:refers to Candlemas, while an
3086:
3057:low, northern wind; fall snow;
3007:acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
2950:
2635:
1371:
732:
726:
661:, which distribute the seeds.
423:
13:
1:
7530:"Morphological variations of
7460:. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew
6977:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03021
6478:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)05860-7
6299:de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus
6273:de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus
6005:(1916) . Hort, Arthur (ed.).
5500:Gardener's Guide to Snowdrops
5298:Plaitakis & Duvoisin 1983
3584:V Oakes. Snowdrop mania. 2009
3353:
2472:), meaning "milk" and ἄνθος (
486:
339:. The plants have two linear
7603:"Snowdrops: An introduction"
7401:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
5913:Genera of the Amaryllidaceae
5605:Harvey, M.J. (21 May 2000).
4481:"Scottish Snowdrop Festival"
3711:Galanthus nivalis p. 17
3238:
2968:Snowdrops contain an active
2705:
2495:
2456:
2256:Zubov, Konca & A.P.Davis
2083:A.P.Davis & C.D.Brickell
1684:and there may be a need for
1217:
1106:
1083:and related genera within a
736:
584:or oblanceolate to narrowly
560:. The flower bears six free
393:), but some flower in early
306:
294:
7:
8118:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
7751:(in French). Archived from
7528:Yüzbaşıoğlu, Sırrı (2012).
7476:. Royal Botanic Garden Kew.
7423:"Royal Botanic Gardens Kew"
7404:, Missouri Botanical Garden
7381:"Missouri Botanical Garden"
7134:. British Heritage Society.
7110:de la Mare, Walter (1929).
7103:
6929:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.019
6371:
6164:Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de
5950:
5918:American Plant Life Society
5869:Royal Horticultural Society
5715:. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
5656:In a Gloucestershire Garden
5627:de la Mare, Walter (1950).
5558:. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
3567:
3341:
3212:Schneeglöckchen (Snowdrops)
3059:And thou—my loved and dear,
2963:
2777:Royal Horticultural Society
2003:Trojanus clade (NW Turkey)
1208:Bentham & Hooker system
1173:and related genera such as
899:
779:in the west through to the
10:
8134:
7443:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
7126:Ellis, Siân (1 May 2010).
6865:Clinical Neuropharmacology
6842:10.1016/j.crvi.2016.10.003
6788:10.1600/036364406775971787
6632:"Phylogenetic analysis of
6454:Ewen, Stanley W. B. &
5996:Historical (chronological)
5670:. London: Reaktion Books.
5651:Ellacombe, Henry Nicholson
4165:, Taxonomy pp. 77–192
3653:i cap. 78 p. 120
3253:Purification of the Virgin
3207:named his very successful
3176:In the German fairy tale,
2662:
2561:, illegal collecting, and
2501:
1696:to the rest of the genus.
1356:(both called snowflakes).
904:
787:in the east, and south to
627:Gynoecium, fruit and seeds
428:
299:
287:
29:
7780:
7232:(Botanical illustrations)
7221:
7089:10.11646/phytotaxa.50.1.5
7013:Turkish Journal of Botany
6658:10.1007/s00606-004-0152-0
6615:10.1016/j.bse.2010.10.005
6551:Nature Structural Biology
6295:de Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste
6237:. Paris: Treutel et Würtz
5618:Botanical Electronic News
5415:"The "Snowdrop" Campaign"
4579:"AGM Plants – Ornamental"
4261:Hyam & Pankhurst 1995
3981:Bentham & Hooker 1883
3963:Bentham & Hooker 1883
3945:Bentham & Hooker 1883
3933:Bentham & Hooker 1883
3508:Meerow & Snijman 1998
3316:), as it blooms in early
3272:fiore della purificazione
3262:violette de la chandaleur
2770:
2346:
2331:
2324:
2309:
2302:
2236:Galanthus transcaucasicus
1883:
1870:
1863:
1850:
1843:
1821:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1781:
1774:
1761:
1754:
1722:
1622:, which were labelled as
1540:Traub considered them as
1291:
1276:
1269:
1254:
1247:
1035:
1004:in 1753, with the single
978:Leucojum bulbosum praecox
233:
226:
211:
204:
85:Scientific classification
83:
66:
55:
46:
41:
32:Snowdrop (disambiguation)
7121:– via Poetry Nook.
7005:"Molecular phylogeny of
6829:Comptes Rendus Biologies
6378:Clos, M.D. (June 1862).
5929:Waldorf, Gunter (2012).
5815:. New York: Bloomsbury.
5659:. London: Edward Arnold.
5441:
5322:Loy & Schneider 2006
4028:Davis & Özhatay 2001
3907:Amaryllideae p. 259
3825:Jaume Saint-Hilaire 1805
3348:List of snowdrop gardens
3118:Letitia Elizabeth Landon
3072:Walter de la Mare (1950)
2928:'Spindlestone Surprise'
2665:List of snowdrop gardens
1473:alone, such as those of
1069:Illustrations des genres
909:
755:Distribution and habitat
7587:The Frustrated Gardener
7313:(Report). 3 March 1973
7236:New York Public Library
7132:British Heritage Travel
7038:Galanthus samothracicus
6198:Encyclopédie méthodique
6043:Perseus Digital Library
5852:Stern, Frederick Claude
5480:Oxford University Press
5188:'Spindestone Surprise'"
5130:Galanthus reginae-olgae
4856:'Lady Beatrix Stanley'"
4137:Galanthus p. 59–60
3195:Hans Christian Andersen
3124:In the fairy-tale play
2911:Galanthus reginae-olgae
2849:'Lady Beatrix Stanley'
2684:National Gardens Scheme
2422:Galanthus reginae-olgae
2263:Galanthus samothracicus
2203:Galanthus angustifolius
2148:Galanthus lagodechianus
2117:Galanthus reginae-olgae
2012:A.P.Davis & Özhatay
389:(20 or 21 March in the
372:molecular phylogenetics
7729:plantillustrations.org
6205:Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste
6186:Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste
6017:Loeb Classical Library
5664:Harland, Gail (2016).
5262:"RHS Plant Selector –
4797:"RHS Plant Selector –
4513:. Colesbourne Gardens.
4077:Zubov & Davis 2012
3922:Amarylleae p. 158
3327:, and so, is seen as '
3281:
3271:
3261:
3082:
3068:
2741:species, particularly
2726:
2715:
2678:
2514:
1981:Galanthus platyphyllus
1612:molecular phylogenetic
1428:
1416:
1404:
1393:
1381:
930:
768:
746:
451:bulbous (growing from
275:
8103:Amaryllidaceae genera
7488:"Hardy Plant Society"
7044:Phytologica Balcanica
5830:Slade, Naomi (2014).
5580:Davis, Aaron (1999).
4455:Great British Gardens
3456:Stearn vernation 1992
3151:, and the anime film
3081:
3048:
2781:Award of Garden Merit
2721:
2713:
2672:
2602:critically endangered
2509:
2225:Galanthus koenenianus
1996:Zubov & A.P.Davis
1605:(Kem.-Nath) A.P.Davis
1598:(Kem.-Nath) A.P.Davis
1422:
1410:
1399:
1387:
1379:
1163:Taxonomy of Liliaceae
917:
896:or mountain species.
884:species grow best in
762:
747:
637:is three-celled. The
347:with six petal-like (
270:
7160:Kemp, Peter (1989).
7059:Galanthus panjutinii
6213:. Paris: Panckoucke.
6194:. Paris: Panckoucke.
6147:Familles des plantes
6039:"Naturalis Historia"
5972:Bishop et al. (2001)
5963:Cullen et al. (2011)
5470:Church, Arthur Harry
4065:Galanthus panjutinii
3468:Davis vernation 1999
3367:"Appendices | CITES"
2970:lectin or agglutinin
2630:2014 Winter Olympics
2483:is derived from the
2464:is derived from the
2159:Galanthus rizehensis
1992:Galanthus panjutinii
1985:Traub & Moldenke
1953:Platyphyllus clade (
1949:Ronsted et al. 2013
1593:into two subseries,
1483:evolutionary history
1117:is placed, dates to
1063:, section Narcissi.
861:in 1770. Most other
763:Distribution map of
678:
318:of approximately 20
7026:10.3906/bot-1209-41
6968:2019Heliy...503021S
6921:2013MolPE..69..205R
6905:(Amaryllidaceae)".
6810:on 25 February 2021
6607:2010BioSE..38.1026L
6564:10.1038/nsb0695-472
6472:(9187): 1353–1354.
6413:: a new species of
6364:(3 vols. 1865–1883)
5965:, pp. 222–225.
5583:The genus Galanthus
5497:Cox, Freda (2013).
5264:Galanthus woronowii
4667:'Bertram Anderson'"
4427:Galanthus woronowii
4334:, pp. 341–343.
3999:Meerow et al. 2006a
3762:ii 1786 p. 590
3744:Narcissi p. 57
3432:Ronsted et al. 2013
3304:' (and the goddess
3290:language of flowers
3103:Blow, Northern Wind
3064:How Spring is near!
3045:Blow, Northern Wind
3025:Alzheimer's disease
2944:Galanthus woronowii
2803:'Bertram Anderson'
2673:Snowdrop carpet at
2594:conservation status
2559:habitat destruction
2513:piercing snow cover
2172:Galanthus woronowii
2123:1874 (2 subspecies)
2112:1819 (2 subspecies)
2079:Galanthus peshmenii
2044:Galanthus cilicicus
1970:Galanthus krasnovii
1618:and suggested four
1425:Galanthus woronowii
1119:Jaume Saint-Hilaire
1020:botanical authority
996:was formally named
955:Enquiry into plants
831:have become widely
823:throughout Europe.
619:(open) by terminal
568:) rather than true
391:Northern Hemisphere
7749:Amaryllidaceae.org
7743:Vigneron, Pascal.
7724:Antheunisse, Max.
7644:on 18 October 2016
7147:on 13 October 2016
7139:Hollinger, Jason.
6411:Galanthus trojanus
6331:. London: Longman.
6060:Naturalis Historia
6008:Περὶ φυτῶν ἱστορία
5990:, pp. 83–110.
5924:on 1 October 2018.
5607:"Davis: The genus
5588:Botanical Magazine
5286:Hester et al. 1995
5104:Galanthus plicatus
5078:Galanthus plicatus
5052:Galanthus plicatus
5028:RHS Plant Selector
5022:Galanthus plicatus
4942:RHS Plant Selector
4697:RHS Plant Selector
4551:Galanthus plicatus
4536:Bishop et al. 2001
4511:"Henry John Elwes"
4332:Bishop et al. 2001
4232:Margoz et al. 2013
4217:Larsen et al. 2010
3891:Meerow et al. 1999
3623:7.13.9 p. 134
3607:Bishop et al. 2001
3595:Bishop et al. 2001
3537:Bishop et al. 2001
3444:Bishop et al. 2001
3320:, just before the
3232:Maria von Kalergis
3128:by Russian writer
3083:
3039:In popular culture
3020:Historia plantarum
2988:, that appears in
2905:Galanthus plicatus
2899:Galanthus plicatus
2893:Galanthus plicatus
2888:Galanthus plicatus
2727:
2723:Galanthus plicatus
2716:
2679:
2515:
2414:, a native of the
2405:Galanthus plicatus
2403:Crimean snowdrop,
2267:Kit Tan & Biel
2252:Galanthus bursanus
2106:Galanthus plicatus
2068:Galanthus gracilis
2008:Galanthus trojanus
1559:Traub & Moldk.
1429:
1417:
1413:Galanthus plicatus
1405:
1394:
1382:
951:Historia plantarum
943:Περὶ φυτῶν ἱστορία
931:
769:
742:
540:At the top of the
276:
8090:
8089:
8013:Open Tree of Life
7774:Taxon identifiers
7755:on 4 January 2015
7634:"Signs of spring"
7589:. 9 February 2015
7532:Galanthus elwesii
7510:, Somerset. 2011.
6860:Galanthus nivalis
6775:Systematic Botany
6546:Galanthus nivalis
6511:(Amaryllidaceae)"
6505:Galanthus nivalis
6460:Galanthus nivalis
6136:Species Plantarum
6026:978-0-674-99077-7
5877:Stearn, William T
5750:978-1-4398-4924-8
5722:978-3-540-64060-8
5698:978-0-19-866189-4
5597:978-0-88192-431-2
5565:978-3-642-64903-5
5461:978-0-9541916-0-3
5454:. Griffin Press.
4996:Galanthus nivalis
4966:Galanthus nivalis
4936:Galanthus nivalis
4799:Galanthus elwesii
4773:Galanthus elwesii
4747:Galanthus elwesii
4721:Galanthus elwesii
4691:Galanthus elwesii
4485:VisitScotland.com
4401:Galanthus elwesii
4249:Galanthus elwesii
4202:Lledo et al. 2004
4094:G. samothracicus
3780:pp. 359, 376
3755:Lamarck 1783–1808
3669:Galanthus nivalis
3634:Theophrastus 1916
3619:Theophrastus 1916
3336:Dunblane massacre
3205:Johann Strauss II
3147:The Twelve Months
3136:The Twelve Months
3126:The Twelve Months
3091:Walter de la Mare
2974:Galanthus nivalis
2882:Galanthus nivalis
2872:Galanthus nivalis
2866:Galanthus nivalis
2830:Galanthus elwesii
2824:Galanthus elwesii
2818:Galanthus elwesii
2812:Galanthus elwesii
2807:Galanthus elwesii
2755:Galanthus nivalis
2735:Galanthus nivalis
2700:Galanthus elwesii
2412:Galanthus elwesii
2393:Galanthus nivalis
2390:Common snowdrop,
2382:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2368:
2367:
2359:
2358:
2268:
2257:
2241:
2230:
2220:(2 variants) 1911
2219:
2214:Galanthus alpinus
2208:
2197:
2177:
2166:
2153:
2142:
2137:Galanthus fosteri
2122:
2111:
2100:
2095:Galanthus nivalis
2084:
2073:
2063:1875 (2 variants)
2062:
2055:Galanthus elwesii
2049:
2033:
2028:Galanthus ikariae
2013:
1997:
1986:
1975:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1930:
1929:
1921:
1920:
1912:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1893:
1832:
1831:
1686:recircumscription
1606:
1599:
1569:
1560:
1527:
1513:
1503:
1401:Galanthus nivalis
1390:Galanthus elwesii
1336:within subfamily
1327:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1144:
1141:and Amaryllidées
1140:
1011:Galanthus nivalis
1000:and described by
871:Galanthus fosteri
843:Galanthus nivalis
739:
666:chromosome number
525:, or compressed.
370:). In the era of
330:herbaceous plants
310:, "flower")), or
272:Galanthus nivalis
265:
264:
259:
258:Siegert ex Kuntze
251:
241:
214:Galanthus nivalis
200:
78:
58:Galanthus nivalis
16:(Redirected from
8125:
8108:Medicinal plants
8083:
8082:
8070:
8069:
8060:
8059:
8047:
8046:
8034:
8033:
8021:
8020:
8008:
8007:
7998:
7997:
7985:
7984:
7982:NHMSYS0000458931
7972:
7971:
7959:
7958:
7946:
7945:
7933:
7932:
7920:
7919:
7907:
7906:
7894:
7893:
7881:
7880:
7868:
7867:
7855:
7854:
7842:
7841:
7829:
7828:
7816:
7815:
7814:
7801:
7800:
7799:
7769:
7768:
7764:
7762:
7760:
7745:"Amaryllidaceae"
7739:
7737:
7735:
7720:
7718:
7716:
7707:. Archived from
7696:
7677:
7675:
7673:
7653:
7651:
7649:
7640:. Archived from
7628:
7626:
7624:
7606:
7605:. 23 March 2015.
7598:
7596:
7594:
7578:
7576:
7574:
7555:
7553:
7538:
7511:
7499:
7497:
7495:
7477:
7469:
7467:
7465:
7458:"Davis, Aaron P"
7453:
7451:
7449:
7434:
7432:
7430:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7391:
7389:
7387:
7370:
7368:
7361:
7354:
7352:
7350:
7338:
7336:
7329:
7322:
7320:
7318:
7295:
7293:
7291:
7282:
7278:"Leaf vernation"
7269:
7267:
7265:
7256:
7247:
7245:
7243:
7233:
7217:
7215:
7213:
7196:
7194:
7192:
7176:
7174:
7172:
7156:
7154:
7152:
7143:. Archived from
7135:
7122:
7120:
7118:
7099:
7097:
7072:
7051:
7030:
7028:
6999:
6989:
6979:
6940:
6897:
6854:
6844:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6806:. Archived from
6761:
6736:(9): 1325–1345.
6712:
6702:
6669:
6630:(14 June 2004).
6618:
6601:(5): 1026–1034.
6583:
6540:
6530:
6497:
6450:
6448:
6441:
6421:
6403:
6401:
6367:
6365:
6346:
6332:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6290:
6288:
6286:
6268:
6266:
6264:
6259:. London: Taylor
6246:
6244:
6242:
6224:
6214:
6195:
6181:
6179:
6177:
6159:
6157:
6155:
6150:. Paris: Vincent
6133:
6131:
6129:
6111:
6090:
6076:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6030:
5991:
5982:; Snijman, DA. "
5975:
5974:, pp. 9–63.
5966:
5946:
5925:
5920:. Archived from
5916:. La Jolla, CA:
5903:
5901:
5899:
5872:
5847:
5836:. Timber Press.
5826:
5802:
5796:
5788:
5754:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5702:
5681:
5660:
5646:
5644:
5642:
5630:Inward Companion
5621:
5615:
5601:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5526:
5514:
5493:
5465:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5425:
5411:
5405:
5399:
5393:
5387:
5381:
5375:
5369:
5360:
5354:
5348:
5339:
5338:
5331:
5325:
5319:
5313:
5307:
5301:
5295:
5289:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5046:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5005:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4775:'Mrs Macnamara'"
4767:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4685:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4590:
4583:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4545:
4539:
4533:
4527:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4487:. Archived from
4477:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4457:. Archived from
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4341:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4320:CITES Convention
4317:
4311:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4258:
4252:
4241:
4235:
4229:
4220:
4214:
4205:
4199:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4151:
4145:
4139:
4130:
4124:
4118:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4068:
4057:
4048:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3978:
3972:
3960:
3954:
3942:
3936:
3930:
3924:
3915:
3909:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3870:
3864:
3858:de Candolle 1813
3855:
3849:
3840:
3834:
3822:
3816:
3804:
3798:
3788:
3782:
3770:
3764:
3752:
3746:
3737:
3731:
3719:
3713:
3704:
3691:
3682:
3676:
3661:
3655:
3646:
3640:
3638:6.8.1 p. 49
3631:
3625:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3597:, p. 17–57.
3592:
3586:
3577:
3571:
3565:
3556:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3519:
3510:
3505:
3496:
3490:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3406:
3395:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3363:
3284:
3274:
3264:
3189:The short story
3110:
3074:
3065:
3056:
2826:'Mrs Macnamara'
2696:Henry John Elwes
2688:Colesbourne Park
2659:Snowdrop gardens
2440:G. reginae-olgae
2410:Giant snowdrop,
2385:Selected species
2327:
2326:
2305:
2304:
2295:
2294:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2258:2019 (NW Turkey)
2255:
2239:
2228:
2217:
2206:
2195:
2175:
2162:
2151:
2140:
2120:
2109:
2098:
2082:
2071:
2058:
2047:
2031:
2011:
1995:
1984:
1973:
1866:
1865:
1846:
1845:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1777:
1776:
1757:
1756:
1747:
1746:
1727:
1726:
1604:
1597:
1567:
1558:
1525:
1511:
1501:
1471:plant morphology
1460:G. samothracicus
1272:
1271:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1222:
1221:
1204:Genera plantarum
1202:published their
1142:
1138:
1071:(1793). In 1789
815:has been widely
751:
749:
748:
743:
741:
740:
735:
724:
717:
716:
700:
699:
623:or short slits.
576:to more or less
479:segments in two
355:in two circles (
309:
303:
297:
291:
257:
247:
239:
196:
93:
92:
72:
62:common snowdrop
51:
39:
38:
21:
8133:
8132:
8128:
8127:
8126:
8124:
8123:
8122:
8113:Amaryllidoideae
8093:
8092:
8091:
8086:
8078:
8073:
8065:
8063:
8055:
8050:
8042:
8037:
8029:
8024:
8016:
8011:
8003:
8001:
7993:
7988:
7980:
7975:
7967:
7962:
7954:
7949:
7941:
7936:
7928:
7923:
7915:
7910:
7902:
7897:
7889:
7884:
7876:
7871:
7863:
7858:
7850:
7845:
7837:
7832:
7824:
7819:
7810:
7809:
7804:
7795:
7794:
7789:
7776:
7758:
7756:
7733:
7731:
7714:
7712:
7711:on 27 June 2014
7699:
7687:
7684:
7671:
7669:
7647:
7645:
7622:
7620:
7617:Daily Telegraph
7601:
7592:
7590:
7581:
7572:
7570:
7565:
7551:
7536:
7519:
7517:Further reading
7514:
7502:
7493:
7491:
7472:
7463:
7461:
7447:
7445:
7428:
7426:
7407:
7405:
7385:
7383:
7366:
7359:
7355:
7348:
7346:
7341:
7334:
7327:
7323:
7316:
7314:
7306:
7289:
7287:
7280:
7263:
7261:
7254:
7241:
7239:
7231:
7227:
7224:
7211:
7209:
7190:
7188:
7170:
7168:
7150:
7148:
7116:
7114:
7106:
7095:
7070:
6813:
6811:
6742:10.2307/2656780
6685:(1). CD001747.
6528:10.15421/022071
6509:Leucojum vernum
6446:
6419:
6374:
6363:
6311:
6309:
6284:
6282:
6262:
6260:
6240:
6238:
6217:
6175:
6173:
6153:
6151:
6142:Adanson, Michel
6127:
6125:
6051:
6049:
6027:
5998:
5988:Kubitzki (1998)
5957:Brickell, CD. "
5953:
5943:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5844:
5823:
5790:
5789:
5777:
5751:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5699:
5678:
5640:
5638:
5635:Faber and Faber
5613:
5598:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5524:
5511:
5490:
5462:
5444:
5438:
5433:
5423:
5421:
5419:www.wcc-coe.org
5413:
5412:
5408:
5400:
5396:
5388:
5384:
5378:de la Mare 1929
5376:
5372:
5361:
5357:
5351:de la Mare 1950
5349:
5342:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5320:
5316:
5308:
5304:
5296:
5292:
5284:
5280:
5270:
5268:
5260:
5259:
5255:
5245:
5243:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5219:
5217:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5193:
5191:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5167:
5165:
5156:
5155:
5151:
5141:
5139:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5111:
5109:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5085:
5083:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5059:
5057:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5033:
5031:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5003:
5001:
4992:
4991:
4987:
4977:
4975:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4947:
4945:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4917:
4915:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4887:
4885:
4876:
4875:
4871:
4861:
4859:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4835:
4833:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4809:
4807:
4795:
4794:
4790:
4780:
4778:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4754:
4752:
4749:'Godfrey Owen'"
4743:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4726:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4702:
4700:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4672:
4670:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4646:
4644:
4635:
4634:
4630:
4620:
4618:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4581:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4562:
4560:
4553:'Wendy's Gold'"
4547:
4546:
4542:
4534:
4530:
4522:
4518:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4494:
4492:
4491:on 3 March 2007
4479:
4478:
4474:
4464:
4462:
4461:on 1 April 2007
4449:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4432:
4425:"Export quotas
4423:
4422:
4418:
4408:
4406:
4399:"Export quotas
4397:
4396:
4392:
4382:
4380:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4330:
4326:
4318:
4314:
4306:
4302:
4294:
4279:
4271:
4267:
4259:
4255:
4242:
4238:
4230:
4223:
4215:
4208:
4200:
4193:
4187:Kamenetsky 2012
4185:
4181:
4173:
4169:
4161:
4154:
4146:
4142:
4131:
4127:
4119:
4112:
4106:Tan et al. 2014
4104:
4100:
4087:
4083:
4075:
4071:
4058:
4051:
4038:
4034:
4026:
4022:
4009:
4005:
3997:
3993:
3979:
3975:
3961:
3957:
3943:
3939:
3931:
3927:
3916:
3912:
3901:
3897:
3889:
3885:
3871:
3867:
3856:
3852:
3841:
3837:
3823:
3819:
3805:
3801:
3789:
3785:
3771:
3767:
3753:
3749:
3738:
3734:
3720:
3716:
3705:
3694:
3683:
3679:
3662:
3658:
3647:
3643:
3632:
3628:
3617:
3613:
3605:
3601:
3593:
3589:
3578:
3574:
3566:
3559:
3547:
3543:
3535:
3531:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3491:
3474:
3466:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3442:
3438:
3430:
3409:
3396:
3385:
3375:
3373:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3344:
3312:'s return from
3282:Schneeglöckchen
3245:religious feast
3241:
3171:Sam Browne belt
3167:military police
3076:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3005:, which, as an
2982:
2966:
2953:
2948:
2820:'Godfrey Owen'
2773:
2708:
2692:Gloucestershire
2667:
2661:
2638:
2614:near threatened
2604:, four species
2551:
2528:by underground
2504:
2459:
2378:
2369:
2360:
2019:Ikariae clade (
1940:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1833:
1725:
1705:chloroplast DNA
1690:G. platyphyllus
1628:biogeographical
1565:Platyphyllanthe
1374:
1338:Amaryllidoideae
1323:
1314:
1305:
1220:
1210:). They placed
1151:Flore française
1147:Flora of France
1038:
1014:, which is the
966:Rembert Dodoens
912:
907:
902:
859:Gloucestershire
851:European Turkey
757:
725:
723:
719:
706:
702:
689:
685:
679:
676:
675:
531:
489:
431:
426:
380:biogeographical
240:Reneaulme ex L.
222:
217:
195:
171:Amaryllidoideae
87:
79:
61:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8131:
8121:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8088:
8087:
8085:
8084:
8080:wfo-4000015188
8071:
8061:
8048:
8035:
8022:
8009:
7999:
7986:
7973:
7960:
7947:
7934:
7921:
7908:
7895:
7882:
7869:
7856:
7843:
7830:
7817:
7802:
7786:
7784:
7778:
7777:
7766:
7765:
7740:
7726:"Galanthus L."
7721:
7697:
7683:
7682:External links
7680:
7679:
7678:
7654:
7629:
7607:
7599:
7579:
7562:
7561:
7557:
7556:
7524:
7523:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7512:
7508:Shepton Mallet
7500:
7480:
7479:
7478:
7470:
7454:
7415:
7414:
7413:
7373:
7372:
7371:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7300:
7274:
7248:
7223:
7220:
7219:
7218:
7197:
7177:
7157:
7136:
7123:
7112:"The Snowdrop"
7105:
7102:
7101:
7100:
7052:
7031:
7000:
6962:(12): E03021.
6941:
6915:(1): 205–217.
6898:
6855:
6820:
6762:
6713:
6670:
6619:
6584:
6558:(6): 472–479.
6541:
6521:(3): 463–468.
6498:
6456:Pusztai, Árpád
6451:
6432:(4): 409–412.
6404:
6392:(9): 652–666.
6373:
6370:
6369:
6368:
6347:
6333:
6318:
6291:
6269:
6247:
6225:
6215:
6201:
6182:
6160:
6138:
6116:Linnaeus, Carl
6112:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6063:
6031:
6025:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5976:
5967:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5941:
5926:
5904:
5891:
5873:
5848:
5842:
5827:
5821:
5803:
5775:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5749:
5734:
5721:
5709:, ed. (1998).
5703:
5697:
5682:
5676:
5661:
5647:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5596:
5577:
5564:
5550:Dahlgren, R.M.
5546:
5534:978-0521761475
5533:
5515:
5509:
5494:
5488:
5466:
5460:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5406:
5394:
5382:
5370:
5355:
5340:
5326:
5314:
5302:
5290:
5278:
5253:
5227:
5201:
5175:
5149:
5119:
5106:'Three Ships'"
5093:
5067:
5041:
5011:
4985:
4972:'Flore Pleno'"
4955:
4925:
4895:
4869:
4843:
4817:
4788:
4762:
4736:
4710:
4680:
4654:
4628:
4602:
4570:
4540:
4538:, p. 329.
4528:
4516:
4502:
4472:
4442:
4416:
4390:
4363:
4336:
4324:
4312:
4300:
4277:
4265:
4253:
4236:
4221:
4206:
4191:
4179:
4167:
4152:
4140:
4125:
4110:
4098:
4081:
4069:
4049:
4032:
4020:
4003:
3991:
3973:
3955:
3937:
3925:
3910:
3895:
3883:
3865:
3850:
3835:
3817:
3799:
3783:
3765:
3747:
3732:
3714:
3692:
3677:
3656:
3641:
3626:
3611:
3599:
3587:
3572:
3557:
3555:pp. 95–96
3541:
3529:
3511:
3497:
3472:
3460:
3448:
3446:, p. 1–2.
3436:
3407:
3383:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3340:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3202:
3198:
3187:
3174:
3163:
3130:Samuil Marshak
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3037:
2981:
2978:
2972:named GNA for
2965:
2962:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2908:
2907:'Three Ships'
2902:
2896:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2878:'Flore Pleno'
2869:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2785:
2772:
2769:
2751:galanthophiles
2707:
2704:
2663:Main article:
2660:
2657:
2653:G. worononowii
2637:
2634:
2620:is considered
2563:climate change
2550:
2547:
2517:Snowdrops are
2503:
2500:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2419:
2408:
2401:
2387:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2259:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2232:
2221:
2210:
2199:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2168:
2155:
2144:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2113:
2102:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2075:
2064:
2051:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2021:Aegean Islands
2017:
2016:
2015:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1988:
1977:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1724:
1721:
1638:encoded genes
1589:, and divided
1571:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1534:
1533:
1519:
1505:
1446:area (western
1373:
1370:
1342:Amaryllidaceae
1325:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1219:
1216:
1111:Amaryllidaceae
1089:Monocotyledons
1059:in the family
1042:Michel Adanson
1037:
1034:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
855:Worcestershire
756:
753:
738:
734:
731:
728:
722:
715:
712:
709:
705:
698:
695:
692:
688:
683:
672:Floral formula
635:inferior ovary
631:
630:
628:
608:
607:
605:
538:
537:
535:
530:
527:
496:
495:
493:
488:
485:
475:with six free
430:
427:
425:
422:
387:vernal equinox
337:Amaryllidaceae
263:
262:
261:
260:
252:
242:
231:
230:
224:
223:
218:
209:
208:
202:
201:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
161:Amaryllidaceae
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
131:
130:
125:
118:
117:
112:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
81:
80:
67:
64:
63:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8130:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8100:
8098:
8081:
8076:
8072:
8068:
8062:
8058:
8053:
8049:
8045:
8040:
8036:
8032:
8027:
8023:
8019:
8014:
8010:
8006:
8000:
7996:
7991:
7987:
7983:
7978:
7974:
7970:
7965:
7961:
7957:
7952:
7948:
7944:
7939:
7935:
7931:
7926:
7922:
7918:
7913:
7909:
7905:
7900:
7896:
7892:
7887:
7883:
7879:
7874:
7870:
7866:
7861:
7857:
7853:
7848:
7844:
7840:
7835:
7831:
7827:
7822:
7818:
7813:
7807:
7803:
7798:
7792:
7788:
7787:
7785:
7783:
7779:
7775:
7770:
7754:
7750:
7746:
7741:
7730:
7727:
7722:
7710:
7706:
7702:
7698:
7694:
7690:
7686:
7685:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7655:
7643:
7639:
7635:
7632:Bourne, Val.
7630:
7619:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7604:
7600:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7568:
7564:
7563:
7559:
7558:
7550:
7546:
7542:
7535:
7533:
7526:
7525:
7521:
7520:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7489:
7485:
7481:
7475:
7471:
7459:
7455:
7444:
7440:
7436:
7435:
7424:
7420:
7416:
7403:
7402:
7397:
7396:Stevens, P.F.
7393:
7392:
7382:
7378:
7374:
7365:
7358:
7344:
7340:
7339:
7333:
7326:
7312:
7308:
7307:
7304:Organisations
7299:
7286:
7279:
7275:
7273:
7272:Stearn (1992)
7260:
7253:
7249:
7237:
7230:
7226:
7225:
7207:
7203:
7198:
7187:
7183:
7178:
7167:
7163:
7158:
7146:
7142:
7141:"Plant Latin"
7137:
7133:
7129:
7124:
7113:
7108:
7107:
7094:
7090:
7086:
7082:
7078:
7077:
7069:
7067:
7063:
7060:
7053:
7049:
7045:
7041:
7039:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7008:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6956:
6951:
6949:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6821:
6809:
6805:
6801:
6797:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6781:
6777:
6776:
6771:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6751:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6731:
6726:
6722:
6718:
6717:Meerow, A. W.
6714:
6710:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6671:
6667:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6651:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6639:
6635:
6629:
6625:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6595:
6590:
6589:Rønsted, Nina
6585:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6553:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6510:
6506:
6499:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6466:
6461:
6457:
6452:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6426:
6418:
6416:
6412:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6375:
6362:
6361:
6356:
6355:Hooker, J. D.
6352:
6348:
6344:
6343:
6338:
6337:Lindley, John
6334:
6330:
6329:
6323:
6322:Lindley, John
6319:
6307:
6306:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6280:
6279:
6274:
6270:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6251:Brown, Robert
6248:
6236:
6235:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6221:
6216:
6212:
6211:
6206:
6202:
6199:
6193:
6192:
6188:(1783–1808).
6187:
6183:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6161:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6139:
6137:
6123:
6122:
6117:
6113:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6099:
6094:
6088:
6087:
6082:
6078:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6064:
6061:
6048:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6009:
6004:
6000:
5999:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5968:
5964:
5960:
5955:
5954:
5944:
5942:9780711233850
5938:
5934:
5933:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5914:
5909:
5905:
5894:
5892:9780881923216
5888:
5884:
5883:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5858:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5843:9781604696073
5839:
5835:
5834:
5828:
5824:
5822:9781596919655
5818:
5814:
5813:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5794:
5786:
5782:
5778:
5776:9781476777108
5772:
5768:
5763:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5752:
5746:
5743:. CRC Press.
5742:
5741:
5735:
5724:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5690:
5689:
5683:
5679:
5677:9781780236285
5673:
5669:
5668:
5662:
5658:
5657:
5652:
5648:
5636:
5632:
5631:
5625:
5619:
5614:(Book Review)
5612:
5610:
5603:
5602:
5599:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5584:
5578:
5567:
5561:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5547:
5536:
5530:
5523:
5522:
5516:
5512:
5510:9781847975621
5506:
5502:
5501:
5495:
5491:
5489:9781313223874
5485:
5481:
5477:
5476:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5457:
5453:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5420:
5416:
5410:
5403:
5402:McGivern 2016
5398:
5391:
5386:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5364:
5359:
5352:
5347:
5345:
5336:
5330:
5323:
5318:
5312:, p. 36.
5311:
5306:
5299:
5294:
5287:
5282:
5267:
5265:
5257:
5241:
5239:
5231:
5215:
5213:
5205:
5189:
5187:
5179:
5163:
5161:
5153:
5137:
5135:
5134:reginae-olgae
5131:
5123:
5107:
5105:
5097:
5081:
5079:
5071:
5055:
5053:
5045:
5029:
5025:
5023:
5015:
4999:
4998:'Viridapice'"
4997:
4989:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4959:
4943:
4939:
4937:
4929:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4899:
4883:
4881:
4873:
4857:
4855:
4847:
4831:
4829:
4821:
4806:
4804:
4800:
4792:
4776:
4774:
4766:
4750:
4748:
4740:
4724:
4722:
4714:
4698:
4694:
4692:
4684:
4668:
4666:
4658:
4642:
4640:
4632:
4616:
4614:
4606:
4587:
4580:
4574:
4558:
4554:
4552:
4544:
4537:
4532:
4525:
4520:
4512:
4506:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4476:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4446:
4430:
4428:
4420:
4404:
4402:
4394:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4340:
4333:
4328:
4321:
4316:
4309:
4304:
4297:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4274:
4269:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4233:
4228:
4226:
4218:
4213:
4211:
4203:
4198:
4196:
4188:
4183:
4176:
4171:
4164:
4159:
4157:
4149:
4144:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4122:
4117:
4115:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4054:
4047:
4046:
4045:G. panjutinii
4041:
4036:
4029:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3934:
3929:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3781:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3745:
3741:
3736:
3730:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3665:
3664:Linnaeus 1753
3660:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3609:, p. 40.
3608:
3603:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3569:
3564:
3562:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3516:
3509:
3504:
3502:
3494:
3493:Brickell 2011
3489:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3469:
3464:
3457:
3452:
3445:
3440:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3358:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3286:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3201:other places.
3199:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3154:Twelve Months
3150:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3080:
3075:
3073:
3066:
3055:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3017:who wrote in
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2980:Medicinal use
2977:
2975:
2971:
2961:
2959:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2915:reginae-olgae
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:'Viridapice'
2883:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2712:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2618:G. panjutinii
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2492:Schneetropfen
2490:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2373:
2372:
2364:
2363:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2269:2014 (Greece)
2265:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1959:Transcaucasus
1956:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1935:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1899:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:Platyphyllus
1759:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1510:
1506:
1504:(flat leaves)
1500:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:Transcaucasus
1445:
1441:
1440:G. panjutinii
1437:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1378:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1055:), he placed
1054:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1002:Carl Linnaeus
999:
995:
991:
987:
986:Viola bulbosa
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
928:
924:
920:
916:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
766:
761:
752:
729:
720:
713:
710:
707:
703:
696:
693:
690:
686:
681:
673:
669:
667:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
629:
626:
625:
624:
622:
618:
613:
606:
603:
602:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
544:is a pair of
543:
536:
534:Inflorescence
533:
532:
526:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
494:
491:
490:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
447:
444:
440:
436:
421:
419:
418:
413:
412:
408:, snowflakes
407:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
335:
331:
328:
325:
321:
317:
314:, is a small
313:
308:
302:
296:
290:
286:
285:Ancient Greek
282:
281:
273:
269:
256:
253:
250:
246:
243:
238:
235:
234:
232:
229:
225:
221:
216:
215:
210:
207:
203:
199:
194:
193:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:Tracheophytes
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
91:
86:
82:
76:
70:
65:
60:
59:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7781:
7757:. Retrieved
7753:the original
7748:
7732:. Retrieved
7728:
7713:. Retrieved
7709:the original
7670:. Retrieved
7662:
7646:. Retrieved
7642:the original
7637:
7621:. Retrieved
7615:
7591:. Retrieved
7586:
7571:. Retrieved
7544:
7540:
7531:
7492:. Retrieved
7462:. Retrieved
7446:. Retrieved
7427:. Retrieved
7406:, retrieved
7400:
7384:. Retrieved
7357:"Appendices"
7347:. Retrieved
7343:"Appendices"
7315:. Retrieved
7298:Davis (1999)
7288:. Retrieved
7284:
7262:. Retrieved
7258:
7240:. Retrieved
7210:. Retrieved
7206:The Guardian
7205:
7189:. Retrieved
7186:Daily Record
7185:
7169:. Retrieved
7165:
7149:. Retrieved
7145:the original
7131:
7115:. Retrieved
7080:
7074:
7065:
7061:
7058:
7047:
7043:
7037:
7019:: 993–1007.
7016:
7012:
7006:
6959:
6953:
6947:
6912:
6906:
6902:
6869:
6863:
6859:
6832:
6828:
6812:. Retrieved
6808:the original
6782:(1): 42–60.
6779:
6773:
6733:
6728:
6682:
6678:
6649:
6643:
6637:
6633:
6624:Chase, M. W.
6598:
6592:
6555:
6549:
6545:
6518:
6514:
6508:
6504:
6469:
6463:
6459:
6429:
6423:
6414:
6410:
6389:
6383:
6359:
6341:
6326:
6310:. Retrieved
6303:
6283:. Retrieved
6277:
6261:. Retrieved
6255:
6239:. Retrieved
6233:
6219:
6209:
6190:
6174:. Retrieved
6168:
6152:. Retrieved
6146:
6126:. Retrieved
6120:
6106:
6102:Gerard, John
6085:
6081:Martyn, John
6071:
6050:. Retrieved
6042:
6012:
6007:
6003:Theophrastus
5931:
5922:the original
5912:
5896:. Retrieved
5881:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5832:
5811:
5807:Pavord, Anna
5766:
5739:
5726:. Retrieved
5711:
5707:Kubitzki, K.
5687:
5666:
5655:
5639:. Retrieved
5637:. p. 39
5629:
5617:
5608:
5587:
5582:
5569:. Retrieved
5554:
5538:. Retrieved
5520:
5499:
5474:
5450:
5436:Bibliography
5422:. Retrieved
5418:
5409:
5397:
5385:
5373:
5367:Introduction
5363:Harland 2016
5358:
5329:
5317:
5305:
5293:
5281:
5269:. Retrieved
5263:
5256:
5244:. Retrieved
5237:
5230:
5218:. Retrieved
5211:
5204:
5192:. Retrieved
5185:
5178:
5166:. Retrieved
5162:'S. Arnott'"
5159:
5152:
5140:. Retrieved
5133:
5129:
5122:
5110:. Retrieved
5103:
5096:
5084:. Retrieved
5077:
5070:
5058:. Retrieved
5051:
5044:
5032:. Retrieved
5027:
5021:
5014:
5002:. Retrieved
4995:
4988:
4976:. Retrieved
4969:
4965:
4958:
4946:. Retrieved
4941:
4935:
4928:
4916:. Retrieved
4909:
4905:
4898:
4886:. Retrieved
4879:
4872:
4860:. Retrieved
4853:
4846:
4834:. Retrieved
4830:'John Gray'"
4827:
4820:
4808:. Retrieved
4802:
4798:
4791:
4779:. Retrieved
4772:
4765:
4753:. Retrieved
4746:
4739:
4727:. Retrieved
4720:
4713:
4701:. Retrieved
4696:
4690:
4683:
4671:. Retrieved
4664:
4657:
4645:. Retrieved
4638:
4631:
4619:. Retrieved
4612:
4605:
4593:. Retrieved
4573:
4561:. Retrieved
4556:
4550:
4543:
4531:
4519:
4505:
4493:. Retrieved
4489:the original
4484:
4475:
4463:. Retrieved
4459:the original
4454:
4445:
4433:. Retrieved
4426:
4419:
4407:. Retrieved
4400:
4393:
4381:. Retrieved
4375:
4366:
4354:. Retrieved
4348:
4339:
4327:
4315:
4303:
4296:Harland 2016
4268:
4256:
4248:
4239:
4182:
4170:
4143:
4128:
4101:
4093:
4084:
4072:
4064:
4044:
4035:
4023:
4015:
4006:
3994:
3985:
3976:
3967:
3958:
3950:Amaryllideae
3949:
3940:
3928:
3918:Lindley 1853
3913:
3903:Lindley 1830
3898:
3886:
3877:
3868:
3853:
3838:
3829:
3820:
3811:
3807:Jussieu 1789
3802:
3797:p. 658.
3794:
3786:
3777:
3773:Lamarck 1793
3768:
3759:
3750:
3740:Adanson 1763
3735:
3726:
3722:Adanson 1763
3717:
3685:Stevens 2016
3680:
3671:
3668:
3659:
3644:
3629:
3614:
3602:
3590:
3575:
3552:
3544:
3539:, p. 7.
3532:
3463:
3451:
3439:
3402:
3374:. Retrieved
3370:
3361:
3333:
3293:
3287:
3242:
3227:
3222:ballroom in
3219:
3211:
3191:The Snowdrop
3190:
3177:
3159:
3153:
3146:
3135:
3125:
3113:The Snowdrop
3112:
3102:
3099:Holy Trinity
3095:The Snowdrop
3094:
3084:
3071:
3069:
3050:
3044:
3018:
3015:Theophrastus
2993:
2983:
2976:agglutinin.
2973:
2967:
2958:twin-scaling
2954:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2922:'S. Arnott'
2919:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2843:'John Gray'
2840:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2774:
2760:
2754:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2699:
2680:
2652:
2648:
2640:
2639:
2617:
2609:
2597:
2583:G. woronowii
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2552:
2549:Conservation
2538:
2533:
2524:plants that
2516:
2510:
2491:
2480:
2473:
2469:
2461:
2460:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2421:
2411:
2404:
2391:
2348:
2347:
2334:Glaucaefolii
2333:
2332:
2311:
2310:
2298:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2261:
2250:
2234:
2223:
2212:
2201:
2191:
2187:
2170:
2157:
2146:
2135:
2115:
2104:
2093:
2077:
2066:
2053:
2042:
2026:
2006:
1990:
1979:
1968:
1946:
1945:
1884:
1871:
1851:
1822:
1809:
1782:
1762:
1750:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1716:
1713:Glaucaefolii
1712:
1708:
1698:
1689:
1677:
1673:
1670:homoplasious
1659:
1653:
1647:
1639:
1616:monophyletic
1609:
1601:
1595:Glaucaefolii
1594:
1590:
1586:
1585:into series
1582:
1578:
1575:biogeography
1572:
1564:
1556:Plicatanthus
1555:
1549:
1539:
1535:
1522:
1508:
1498:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1411:
1403:'Viridapice'
1400:
1388:
1365:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1329:
1328:
1293:
1292:
1278:
1277:
1256:
1255:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1211:
1203:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1158:
1154:
1123:Amaryllidées
1122:
1114:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1080:
1068:
1056:
1052:
1051:(also spelt
1048:
1039:
1029:
1023:
1009:
997:
985:
981:
977:
964:
958:
954:
950:
942:
939:Theophrastus
932:
926:
918:
881:
879:
870:
862:
846:
842:
841:
836:
824:
812:
772:
770:
764:
670:
663:
645:is minutely
632:
609:
554:monophyllous
539:
529:Reproductive
516:
512:homoplasious
504:oblanceolate
497:
459:plants. The
438:
432:
415:
409:
384:
363:
361:
311:
298:, "milk") +
279:
278:
277:
271:
254:
244:
236:
212:
206:Type species
191:
190:
134:
121:
108:
56:
36:
7925:iNaturalist
7806:Wikispecies
7715:18 November
7569:(in German)
7547:: 335–339.
6835:(1): 7–12.
6730:Am. J. Bot.
6725:Chase, M.W.
6351:Bentham, G.
6281:(in French)
6091:(see also,
6058:(see also,
6045:. Leipzig:
5908:Traub, H.P.
5898:19 February
5571:10 February
5310:Kaplan 2015
5214:'Straffan'"
5054:'Augustus'"
4970:pleniflorus
4803:monostictus
4641:'Atkinsii'"
4595:27 February
4089:WCLSPF 2016
4040:WCLSPF 2016
4016:G. trojanus
4011:WCLSPF 2016
3988:p. 719
3970:p. 718
3952:p. 711
3880:p. 234
3832:p. 139
3795:Perce-neige
3729:p. 560
3707:Church 1908
3674:p. 288
3649:Gerard 1597
3526:p. 206
3398:WCLSPF 2016
3089:), such as
3003:galantamine
2951:Propagation
2934:'Straffan'
2895:'Augustus'
2876:pleniflorus
2836:monostictus
2797:'Atkinsii'
2761:pleniflorus
2743:G. plicatus
2636:Cultivation
2598:G. trojanus
2312:Viridifolii
1717:Viridifolii
1602:Viridifolii
1491:Description
1436:G. trojanus
1372:Subdivision
1245:Galantheae
1135:de Candolle
1125:. In 1810,
1113:, in which
1102:Perce-neige
923:John Gerard
833:naturalised
829:ornamentals
793:Peloponnese
590:unguiculate
424:Description
255:Chianthemum
167:Subfamily:
151:Asparagales
128:Angiosperms
71:Appendix II
8097:Categories
7759:23 October
7734:19 October
7672:12 October
7648:15 October
7638:Val Bourne
7623:15 October
7593:12 October
7573:16 October
7494:12 October
7464:12 October
7429:11 October
7408:10 October
7330:(Report).
7325:Convention
7290:20 October
7264:20 October
7242:26 October
7151:13 October
7117:14 October
7050:(1): 6570.
6946:"Study on
6872:(1): 1–6.
6766:Meerow, AW
6628:Fay, M. F.
6465:The Lancet
6312:29 October
6285:5 February
6263:30 October
6241:25 October
6176:26 January
6154:9 February
6128:13 October
5980:Meerow, AW
5728:14 January
5641:15 October
5633:. London:
5540:11 October
5080:'Diggory'"
4524:Ellis 2010
4383:28 October
4356:28 October
4308:Davis 1999
4175:Davis 2001
4163:Davis 1999
4148:Davis 2016
4133:Traub 1963
4121:Stern 1956
3968:Amarylleae
3843:Brown 1810
3814:p. 55
3689:Galantheae
3553:G. nivalis
3549:Davis 1999
3376:17 January
3354:References
3318:springtime
3310:Proserpina
3306:Persephone
3298:synonymous
3184:Snow White
3031:and other
2901:'Diggory'
2747:G. elwesii
2702:is named.
2649:G. elwesii
2622:endangered
2610:G. nivalis
2606:vulnerable
2579:G. elwesii
2575:G. nivalis
2534:G. nivalis
2522:herbaceous
2511:G. nivalis
2448:G. nivalis
2434:G. nivalis
2398:ornamental
2152:Kem.-Nath.
1872:Woronowii
1682:speciation
1678:G. elwesii
1674:G. nivalis
1644:Maturase K
1464:G. nivalis
1334:Galantheae
1191:Galantheae
1073:de Jussieu
1053:Akrokorion
1049:Acrocorion
982:Viola alba
919:G. nivalis
825:G. nivalis
821:cultivated
817:introduced
813:G. nivalis
771:The genus
668:is 2n=24.
604:Androecium
598:emarginate
582:spathulate
564:segments (
500:cataphylls
487:Vegetative
449:herbaceous
406:Galantheae
245:Acrocorion
181:Galantheae
7812:Galanthus
7782:Galanthus
7448:6 October
7398:(2016) ,
7386:7 October
7083:(1): 55.
7076:Phytotaxa
7066:Galanthus
7007:Galanthus
6948:Galanthus
6903:Galanthus
6721:Fay, M.F.
6638:Galanthus
6537:229370844
6415:Galanthus
6339:(1853) .
6305:botanique
6134:see also
6083:(1820) .
6052:3 October
5959:Galanthus
5932:Snowdrops
5879:(1992) .
5859:Galanthus
5793:cite book
5785:904813040
5609:Galanthus
5390:Kemp 1989
5240:'Trumps'"
5238:Galanthus
5212:Galanthus
5186:Galanthus
5160:Galanthus
4912:'Merlin'"
4906:Galanthus
4882:'Magnet'"
4880:Galanthus
4854:Galanthus
4828:Galanthus
4665:Galanthus
4639:Galanthus
4615:'Ailwyn'"
4613:Galanthus
4273:Hollinger
3986:Galanthus
3878:Galanthus
3830:Galanthus
3812:Galanthus
3791:Clos 1862
3778:Galanthus
3760:Galanthus
3727:Galanthus
3403:Galanthus
3371:cites.org
3329:heralding
3249:Candlemas
3239:Symbolism
3029:daffodils
2940:'Trumps'
2938:Galanthus
2932:Galanthus
2926:Galanthus
2920:Galanthus
2861:'Merlin'
2859:Galanthus
2855:'Magnet'
2853:Galanthus
2847:Galanthus
2841:Galanthus
2801:Galanthus
2795:Galanthus
2791:'Ailwyn'
2789:Galanthus
2739:Galanthus
2731:cultivars
2706:Cultivars
2675:Bank Hall
2641:Galanthus
2571:Galanthus
2557:, due to
2539:Galanthus
2526:perennate
2462:Galanthus
2457:Etymology
2349:Galanthus
2299:Galanthus
2280:Galanthus
2247:Unplaced
2188:Galanthus
1783:Trojanus
1751:Galanthus
1732:Galanthus
1709:Galanthus
1661:psbK–psbI
1591:Latifolii
1587:Galanthus
1563:subgenus
1554:subgenus
1550:Galanthus
1548:subgenus
1542:subgenera
1530:convolute
1523:Latifolii
1487:vernation
1432:Galanthus
1366:Galanthus
1330:Galanthus
1257:Galanthus
1227:Galanthus
1218:Phylogeny
1212:Galanthus
1187:Galanthus
1182:Narcissus
1176:Amaryllis
1171:Galanthus
1115:Galanthus
1093:Galanthus
1081:Galanthus
1079:, placed
1061:Liliaceae
1057:Galanthus
998:Galanthus
894:grassland
882:Galanthus
875:Palestine
863:Galanthus
847:Galanthus
837:Galanthus
773:Galanthus
765:Galanthus
737:¯
682:⋆
655:elaiosome
508:Vernation
469:pendulous
443:perennial
439:Galanthus
397:and late
368:vernation
364:Galanthus
327:perennial
280:Galanthus
237:Erangelia
192:Galanthus
98:Kingdom:
42:Snowdrop
8064:VASCAN:
8057:40011707
8052:Tropicos
7791:Wikidata
7663:BBC News
7560:Websites
7549:Archived
7541:Bocconea
7522:Articles
7364:Archived
7332:Archived
7281:(Figure)
7259:hort.net
7255:(Figure)
7212:25 April
7208:. London
7191:10 April
7104:Websites
7093:Archived
7062:sp. nov.
6996:32373724
6937:23747523
6894:19839512
6851:27938939
6814:29 April
6804:85953035
6796:25064128
6758:10487820
6709:16437436
6666:43826738
6634:Leucojum
6580:45031999
6494:17252112
6486:10533866
6444:Archived
6372:Articles
6357:(1883).
6324:(1830).
6301:(1815).
6275:(1813).
6253:(1810).
6231:(1805).
6207:(1793).
6166:(1789).
6144:(1763).
6118:(1753).
6104:(1597).
6093:Bucolics
5951:Chapters
5910:(1963).
5863:Leucojum
5854:(1956).
5809:(2005).
5667:Snowdrop
5653:(1895).
5472:(1908).
5424:10 April
4910:hybridus
4723:'Comet'"
4586:Archived
4563:18 March
4495:11 March
4465:11 March
4244:MBG 2016
4060:RBG 2016
3580:HPS 2016
3570:, p. 17.
3342:See also
3294:snowdrop
3279:name of
3259:name of
3093:'s poem
3033:narcissi
3000:alkaloid
2964:Toxicity
2814:'Comet'
2590:Red List
2555:habitats
2444:vernalis
2176:Losinsk.
1955:Caucasus
1885:Alpinus
1852:Nivalis
1823:Elwesii
1810:Ikariae
1737:Ronsted
1521:section
1507:section
1497:section
1477:(1956),
1358:Leucojum
1347:Leucojum
1340:(family
1294:Leucojum
1232:Ronsted
1085:division
1077:families
1040:In 1763
1025:Leucojum
988:, using
959:Leucojum
900:Taxonomy
886:woodland
867:Caucasus
781:Caucasus
777:Pyrenees
647:capitate
610:The six
562:perianth
477:perianth
446:petaloid
411:Leucojum
349:petaloid
312:snowdrop
228:Synonyms
157:Family:
141:Monocots
18:Snowdrop
7956:1318837
7904:2855324
7797:Q105415
7349:20 June
7345:. 1973
7317:20 June
7171:29 June
6987:7191607
6964:Bibcode
6955:Heliyon
6917:Bibcode
6886:6342763
6750:2656780
6700:8961200
6652:(3–4).
6603:Bibcode
6572:7664110
6328:economy
6047:Teubner
5132:subsp.
4435:20 June
4431:. CITES
4409:20 June
4405:. CITES
3325:equinox
3288:In the
3267:Italian
3142:Lenfilm
3087:Symbols
2995:Odyssey
2913:subsp.
2765:hybrids
2645:Georgia
2543:offsets
2502:Ecology
2496:Symbols
2481:nivalis
2478:epithet
2442:subsp.
2424:, from
2285:Margoz
2192:allenii
2110:M.Bieb.
2060:Hook.f.
1974:Khokhr.
1701:nuclear
1666:hybrids
1636:plastid
1583:Plicati
1579:Nivalis
1532:leaves)
1518:leaves)
1516:plicate
1509:Plicati
1499:Nivales
1452:Georgia
1444:Colchis
1196:Bentham
1167:Lindley
1131:ovaries
1107:Ecology
1065:Lamarck
1046:synonym
1006:species
970:Flemish
937:author
927:Herball
905:History
805:Lebanon
651:capsule
617:dehisce
612:stamens
586:obovate
558:pedicel
550:spathes
473:flowers
457:monocot
435:species
429:General
332:in the
324:bulbous
320:species
187:Genus:
177:Tribe:
147:Order:
102:Plantae
73: (
8026:PLANTS
8018:258475
8002:NZOR:
7969:500291
7943:1471-1
7891:113145
7878:113145
7826:416714
7490:. Kent
7238:. 2016
7222:Images
6994:
6984:
6935:
6892:
6884:
6849:
6802:
6794:
6756:
6748:
6707:
6697:
6664:
6578:
6570:
6535:
6492:
6484:
6023:
5986:". In
5961:". In
5939:
5889:
5840:
5819:
5783:
5773:
5747:
5719:
5695:
5674:
5620:(250).
5594:
5562:
5531:
5507:
5486:
5458:
5271:5 July
5246:8 July
5220:7 July
5194:7 July
5168:7 July
5142:7 July
5112:7 July
5086:8 July
5060:8 July
5034:7 July
5004:8 July
4978:8 July
4948:7 July
4918:7 July
4888:7 July
4862:7 July
4836:8 July
4810:7 July
4781:8 July
4755:8 July
4729:7 July
4703:7 July
4673:8 July
4647:7 July
4621:7 July
4557:Plants
3322:vernal
3300:with '
3292:, the
3277:German
3269:name,
3257:French
3224:Vienna
3156:(1980)
3149:(1972)
3138:(1956)
2771:Awards
2596:being
2581:, and
2489:German
2474:anthos
2468:γάλα (
2430:Sicily
2426:Greece
2416:Levant
2287:et al.
2072:Celak.
1963:Turkey
1739:et al.
1723:Clades
1694:sister
1658:, and
1649:trnL-F
1624:series
1620:clades
1610:Early
1456:Russia
1362:tepals
1234:et al.
1200:Hooker
1155:Ordres
1036:Modern
974:Gerard
929:, 1597
807:, and
801:Turkey
797:Aegean
795:, the
791:, the
789:Sicily
643:stigma
578:obtuse
570:petals
566:tepals
548:-like
523:terete
492:Leaves
481:whorls
471:white
465:leaves
399:autumn
395:spring
376:clades
357:whorls
353:tepals
345:flower
341:leaves
334:family
307:ánthos
283:(from
249:Adans.
8031:GALAN
7951:IRMNG
7930:51607
7865:1GAXG
7852:29164
7839:8VXR8
7552:(PDF)
7537:(PDF)
7367:(PDF)
7360:(PDF)
7335:(PDF)
7328:(PDF)
7296:, in
7270:, in
7166:Naxos
7096:(PDF)
7071:(PDF)
6890:S2CID
6800:S2CID
6792:JSTOR
6746:JSTOR
6662:S2CID
6576:S2CID
6533:S2CID
6490:S2CID
6447:(PDF)
6420:(PDF)
6196:(see
6011:[
5442:Books
5242:. RHS
5216:. RHS
5190:. RHS
5164:. RHS
5138:. RHS
5108:. RHS
5082:. RHS
5056:. RHS
5030:. RHS
5000:. RHS
4974:. RHS
4944:. RHS
4914:. RHS
4884:. RHS
4858:. RHS
4832:. RHS
4801:var.
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