Snowboarding - Knowledge

827:

specifically the knee joint, are more likely to occur. When injured, snowboarders are twice as likely to get a fracture as skiers. Other minor injuries that happen are "wrist injuries, shoulder soft tissue injuries, ankle injuries, concussions, and clavicle fractures, were seen injuries are very common when snowboarding". In recreational and inexperienced "Most Injuries to snowboarders occurred more often while they were traveling at reckless speed on moderate slopes". Another way injuries happen is because they try sticking with someone that is a higher skill level, which they are not capable of handling because of the lack of skill they possess. Some major injuries that occur during snowboarding are head, and spinal Injuries, "The main cause of spinal fractures in snowboarders was Jump landing failure and Compression type fractures occur in about 80% of snowboarders with vertebral fractures because they frequently fall backwards, and this can cause axial loading and anterior compression fractures". Injuries to the upper body are much less common among professional snowboarders. "Most of the professionals and elite snowboarders frequently sustain injuries when trying to execute challenging tricks at high speeds and with increased levels of force to the lower limbs".

564:

place in this discipline. Alpine Snowboarding consists of a small portion of the general snowboard population, that has a well connected social community and its own specific board manufacturers, most situated in Europe. Alpine Snowboard equipment includes a ski-like hardshell boot and plate binding system with a true directional snowboard that is stiffer and narrower to manage linking turns with greater forces and speed. Shaped skis can thank these "freecarve" snowboards for the cutting-edge technology leading to their creation. A skilled alpine snowboarder can link numerous turns into a run placing their body very close to the ground each turn, similar to a motocross turn or waterski carve. Depending on factors including stiffness, turning radius and personality this can be done slowly or fast. Carvers make perfect half-circles out of each turn, changing edges when the snowboard is perpendicular to the fall line and starting every turn on the downhill edge. Carving on a snowboard is like riding a roller coaster, because the board will lock into a turn radius and provide what feels like multiple Gs of acceleration.

863:, either separate or built into gloves, is very strongly recommended. They are often compulsory in beginner's classes and their use reduces the likelihood of wrist injury by half. In addition it is important for snow boarders to learn how to fall without stopping the fall with their hand by trying to "push" the slope away, as landing a wrist which is bent at a 90-degree angle increase the chance of it breaking. Rather, landing with the arms stretched out (like a wing) and slapping the slope with the entire arm is an effective way to break a fall. This is the method used by practitioners of judo and other martial arts to break a fall when they are thrown against the floor by a training partner. 806:

very diverse international based crowd and fanbase of many millions, so much so that it is no longer possible to stereotype such a large community. Reasons for these dying stereotypes include how mainstream and popular the sport has become, with the shock factor of snowboarding's quick take off on the slopes wearing off. Skiers and snowboarders are becoming used to each other, showing more respect to each other on the mountain. "The typical stereotype of the sport is changing as the demographics change". While these two subcultures are now becoming accustomed to each other, there are still three resorts, in the United States, which do not allow snowboarding.

836: 593: 802:

other in several ways including how they spoke, acted, and their entire style of clothing. Snowboarders first embraced the punk and later the hip-hop look into their style. Words such as "dude", "gnarly", and "Shred the Gnar" are some examples of words used in the snowboarding culture. Snowboarding subculture became a crossover between the urban and suburban styles on snow, which made an easy transition from surfing and skateboarding culture over to snowboarding culture. In fact many skateboarders and surfers in the winter months snowboarded and were the early snowboarders.

421:

snowboarders would have to take a small skills assessment prior to being allowed to ride the chairlifts. It was thought that an unskilled snowboarder would wipe the snow off the mountain. In 1985, only seven percent of U.S. ski areas allowed snowboarding, with a similar proportion in Europe. As equipment and skills improved, gradually snowboarding became more accepted. In 1990, most major ski areas had separate slopes for snowboarders. Now, approximately 97% of all ski areas in North America and Europe allow snowboarding, and more than half have jumps, rails and half pipes.

720: 458:"Jibbing" is the term for technical riding on non-standard surfaces. The word "jib" is both a noun and a verb, depending on the usage of the word. As a noun: a jib includes metal rails, boxes, benches, concrete ledges, walls, vehicles, rocks and logs. As a verb: to jib is referring to the action of jumping, sliding, or riding on top of objects other than snow. It is directly influenced by grinding a skateboard. Jibbing is a freestyle snowboarding technique of riding. Typically jibbing occurs in a snowboard resort park but can also be done in urban environments. 462: 855:

than skiers. The injury rate for snowboarding is about four to six per thousand persons per day, which is around double the injury rate for alpine skiing. Injuries are more likely amongst beginners, especially those who do not take lessons with professional instructors. A quarter of all injuries occur to first-time riders and half of all injuries occur to those with less than a year of experience. Experienced riders are less likely to suffer injury, but the injuries that do occur tend to be more severe.

3933: 3705: 4313: 631: 884:" by medical staff. This injury results in persistent lateral pain in the affected ankle yet is difficult to spot in a plain X-ray image. It may be misdiagnosed as just a sprain, with possibly serious consequences as not treating the fracture can result in serious long-term damage to the ankle. The use of portable ultrasound for mountainside diagnostics has been reviewed and appears to be a plausible tool for diagnosing some of the common injuries associated with the sport. 642: 556: 5906: 5896: 526: 311:

the first competition for snowboarding and is the start of what became competitive snowboarding. Ken Kampenga, John Asmussen and Jim Trim placed first, second and third respectively in the Standard competition with best two combined times of 24.71, 25.02 and 25.41; and Jake Carpenter won prize money as the sole entrant in the "open" division with a time of 26.35. In 1980 the event moved to Pando Winter Sports Park near

653:

complex trick. Not all competitions call for a trick to win the gold; some intermittent competitions are based solely on height and distance of the launch of the snowboarder. Some competitions also require the rider to do a specific trick to win the major prize. One of the first snowboard competitions where Travis Rice attempted and landed a "double back flip backside 180" took place at the 2006 Red Bull Gap Session.

514: 299:. The "snowboards" were made of wooden planks that were flexible and had water ski foot traps. Very few people picked up snowboarding because the price of the board was considered too high at $ 38 and were not allowed on many ski hills, but eventually Burton would become the biggest snowboarding company in the business. Burton's early designs for boards with bindings became the dominant features in snowboarding. 492: 40: 194: 616:

usually comes from successfully executing the most difficult line in the terrain park while having a smooth flowing line of difficult, mistake-free tricks performed on the obstacles. However, overall impression and style can play a factor in winning a slopestyle contest and the rider who lands the hardest tricks will not always win over the rider who lands easier tricks on more difficult paths.

267:(a sport born in the 1950s when kids attached roller skate wheels to small boards that they steered by shifting their weight). In the 1960s, as an eighth grader in Haddonfield, New Jersey, Sims crafted a snowboard in his school shop class by gluing carpet to the top of a piece of wood and attaching aluminum sheeting to the bottom. He produced commercial snowboards in the mid-70s including the 214: 1190:

Snowboard magazine staff travel with professional riders throughout the winter season and cover travel, contests, lifestyle, rider and company profiles, and product reviews. Snowboard magazines have recently made a push to expand their brands to the online market, and there has also been a growth in online-only publications. Popular magazines include

920:

demographics, and experience. In conclusion of the study, the highest rate of injury was among young, inexperienced, female snowboarders. Injury rates in snowboarders have fluctuated over time but still remain higher than skiers. No evidence was found that those who spend more time in terrain parks are over represented in the injury population.

225: 527: 1189:

Snowboard magazines are integral in promoting the sport, although less so with the advent of the internet age. Photo incentives are written into many professional riders' sponsorship contracts giving professionals not only a publicity but a financial incentive to have a photo published in a magazine.

1114:

Snowboarding films have become a main part of progression in the sport. Each season, many films are released, usually in autumn. These are made by many snowboard-specific video production companies as well as manufacturing companies that use these films as a form of advertisement. Snowboarding videos

903:

Snowboarding boots should be well-fitted, with toes snug in the end of the boot when standing upright and slightly away from the end when in the snowboarding position. Padding or "armor" is recommended on other body parts such as hips, knees, spine, and shoulders. To further help avoid injury to body

858:

Two-thirds of injuries occur to the upper body and one-third to the lower body. This contrasts with alpine skiing, where two-thirds of injuries are to the lower body. The most common types of injuries are sprains, which account for around 40% of injuries. The most common point of injury is the wrists

792:

The United States of America Snowboarding and Freeski Association (USASA) features grassroots-level competitions designed to be a stepping stone for aspiring athletes looking to progress up the competition pipeline. The USASA consists of 36 regional series in which anyone can compete against athletes

652:

Big air competitions are contests where riders perform tricks after launching off a man-made jump built specifically for the event. Competitors perform tricks in the air, aiming to attain sizable height and distance, all while securing a clean landing. Many competitions also require the rider to do a

504:

Freestyle snowboarding is any riding that includes performing tricks. In freestyle, the rider utilizes natural and man-made features such as rails, jumps, boxes, and innumerable others to perform tricks. It is a popular all-inclusive concept that distinguishes the creative aspects of snowboarding, in

420:

Initially, ski areas adopted the sport at a much slower pace than the winter sports public. Indeed, for many years, there was animosity between skiers and snowboarders, which led to an ongoing skier vs snowboarder feud. Early snowboards were banned from the slopes by park officials. For several years

1180:

professional athletes under pressure by sponsors and the media to perform increasingly spectacular feats. Although there are significant references to various brands in the film, Walker is "adamant" that the snowboarding industry did not sponsor the film in any way and in fact has been unsupportive,

805:

The early stereotypes of snowboarding included "lazy", "grungy", "punk", "stoners", "troublemakers", and numerous others, many of which are associated with skateboarding and surfing as well. However, these stereotypes may be considered out of style. Snowboarding has become a sport that encompasses a

697:

In snowboard racing, riders must complete a downhill course constructed of a series of turning color indicators (gates) placed in the snow at prescribed distances apart. A gate consists of a tall pole and a short pole, connected by a triangular panel. The racer must pass around the short side of the

682:

Snowboard cross, also known as "boardercross", "boarder X", or "snowboard X", and commonly abbreviated as "SBX", or just "BX", is a snowboarding discipline consisting of several (typically 4 to 6) riders racing head-to-head down a course with jumps, berms and other obstacles constructed out of snow.

563:

Sometimes called freecarving or hardbooting (due to the equipment used), this discipline usually takes place on hard packed snow or groomed runs (although it can be practiced in any and all conditions) and focuses on carving linked turns, much like surfing or longboarding. Little or no jumping takes

443:

Since snowboarding's inception as an established winter sport, it has developed various styles, each with its own specialized equipment and technique. The most common styles today are: freeride, freestyle, and freecarve/race. These styles are used for both recreational and professional snowboarding.

899:

Avalanches are a clear danger when on snowy mountain slopes. It is best to learn the different kinds of avalanches, how to prevent causing one and how to react when one is going to happen. Also when going out onto the snow, all who practice an activity with increased chances of injury should have a

887:

Four to eight percent of snowboarding injuries take place while the person is waiting in ski-lift lines or entering and exiting ski lifts. Snowboarders push themselves forward with a free foot while in the ski-lift line, leaving the other foot (usually that of the lead leg) locked on the board at a

866:

The risk of head injury is two to six times greater for snowboarders than for skiers and injuries follow the pattern of being rarer, but more severe, with experienced riders. Head injuries can occur both because of a collision and when failing to carry out a heel-side turn. The latter can result in

919:

In a study conducted to examine the types of snowboarding injuries and changes in injury patterns over time, data was collected on injured snowboarders and skiers in a base-lodge clinic of a ski resort in Vermont over 18 seasons (1988–2006) and included extensive information about injury patterns,

529: 480:

Freeriding is a style without a set of governing rules or set course, typically on natural, un-groomed terrain. The basic allows for various snowboarding styles in a fluid motion and spontaneity through naturally rugged terrain. It can be like freestyle with the exception that no man-made features

310:

came from Vermont to compete with a snowboard of his own design. There were protests about Jake entering with a non-snurfer board. Paul Graves, and others, advocated that Jake be allowed to race. A "modified" "Open" division was created and won by Jake as the sole entrant. That race was considered

854:

The average snowboarder is a male in their early twenties, and there are three times as many men as there are women in the sport. Snowboarders have a 2.4 times greater risk of fractures than skiers, particularly in the upper extremities. Conversely, snowboarders have a lower risk of knee injuries

615:

Competitors perform tricks while descending a course, moving around, over, across, up, or down terrain features. The course is full of obstacles including boxes, rails, jumps, jibs, or anything else the board or rider can slide across. Slopestyle is a judged event and winning a slopestyle contest

875:

Unlike ski bindings, snowboard bindings are not designed to release automatically in a fall. The mechanical support provided by the feet being locked to the board has the effect of reducing the likelihood of knee injury – 15% of snowboard injuries are to the knee, compared with 45% of all skiing

801:

The snowboarding way of life came about as a natural response to the culture from which it emerged. Early on, there was a rebellion against skiing culture and the view that snowboarders were inferior. Skiers did not easily accept this new culture on their slopes. The two cultures contrasted each

587:

have a bail or step-in design and are sometimes placed on suspension plates to provide a layer of isolation between an alpine snowboarder and the board, to decrease the level of vibrations felt by the rider, creating a better overall experience when carving, and to give extra weight to the board

826:

Common injuries in snowboarding differ between professional and recreational groups. The most common type of injury for snowboarders is injury to the upper body. In recreational snowboarding, wrist injuries are more likely to occur. Among professional snowboarders, injuries to the lower half,

793:

in a multitude of classes. For snowboarding, USASA contests regional events in six primary disciplines (Slalom, Giant Slalom, Slopestyle, Halfpipe, Boardercross, and Rail Jam), where competitors earn points towards a national ranking and qualify to compete at the USASA National Championships.

197: 201: 199: 195: 2302: 318:

In the early 1980s, Aleksey Ostatnigrosh and Alexei Melnikov, two Snurfers from the Soviet Union, patented design changes to the Snurfer to allow jumping by attaching a bungee cord, a single footed binding to the Snurfer tail, and a two-foot binding design for improved control.

200: 530: 3404: 867:

the rider landing on his or her back and slamming the back of his or her head onto the ground, resulting in an occipital head injury. For this reason, helmets are widely recommended. Protective eyewear is also recommended as eye injury can be caused by impact and

667:

The half-pipe is a semi-circular ditch dug into the mountain or purpose-built ramp made up of snow, with walls between 8 and 23 feet (7.0 m). Competitors perform tricks while going from one side to the other and while in the air above the sides of the pipe.

259:, who both contributed significant innovations and started influential companies. In February 1968, Poppen organized the first snurfing competition at a Michigan ski resort that attracted enthusiasts from all over the country. One of those early pioneers was 390:(ISF) was founded to provide universal contest regulations. In addition, the United States of America Snowboard Association (USASA) provides instructing guidelines and runs snowboard competitions in the U.S. today, high-profile snowboarding events like the 198: 342:) came up with new designs for boards and mechanisms that slowly developed into the snowboards and other related equipment. From these developments, modern snowboarding equipment usually consists of a snowboard with specialized bindings and boots. 424:

In 2004, snowboarding had 6.6 million active participants. An industry spokesman said that "twelve year-olds are out-riding adults." The same article said that most snowboarders are 18–24 years old and that women constitute 25% of participants.

1076:

Off-Axis rotations combine flips and rotations; the naming convention is to first describe the horizontal rotation, followed by the number of off-axis rotations, terminated by the degree of total rotation (i.e. Backside Triple-Cork 1440).

784:

Part of the snowboarding approach is to ensure maximum fun, friendship and event quality. Reflecting this perspective of snowboarding, there are "Anti Contests" which are an important part of its identity including The Holy Oly Revival at

2294: 279:

signature skateboard deck attached to the top. Others experimented with board-on-snow configurations at this time, including Welsh skateboard enthusiasts Jon Roberts and Pete Matthews developed their own snowboards to use at their local

1225:

provide interactive entertainment on and off season. Most games for this genre have been made for consoles, such as the Xbox and PlayStation. A plethora of online casual snowboarding games also exist along with games for mobile phone.

683:

Snowboard cross began in the 1980s, earning its place as an official Winter Olympic event in the 2006 Turin games. Unlike other snowboard racing disciplines such as parallel giant slalom, competitors race on a single course together.

3408: 904:

parts, especially knees, it is recommended to use the right technique. To acquire the right technique, one should be taught by a qualified instructor. Also, when snowboarding alone, precaution should be taken to avoid

871:

can be a result of exposure to strong ultra-violet light in snow-covered areas. The wearing of ultra-violet-absorbing goggles is recommended even on hazy or cloudy days as ultra-violet light can penetrate clouds.

859:– 40% of all snowboard injuries are to the wrists and 24% of all snowboard injuries are wrist fractures. There are around 100,000 wrist fractures worldwide among snowboarders each year. For this reason the use of 349:

in Colorado. Tom Sims along with an assortment of other snowboarders of the time were present. One entrant showed up on a homemade snowboard with a formica bottom that turned out to not slide so well on the snow.

1624: 291:, a Vermont native who had enjoyed snurfing since the age of 14, impressed the crowd at a Michigan snurfing competition with bindings he had designed to secure his feet to the board. That same year, he founded 915:

waxes emit toxic fumes when overheated. Waxing is best performed in a ventilated area with care being taken to use the wax at the correct temperature – the wax should be melted but not smoking or smoldering.

698:

gate, passing the long side of the gate doesn't count. There are 3 main formats used in snowboard racing including single person, parallel courses or multiple people on the course at the same time (SBX).

1028:

A flat rotation in which the front of the person's body is the first to intersect with the direction of travel; after 90 degrees of rotation, the person's front will be facing the direction of travel.

2335: 1020:

A flat rotation in which the back of the person's body is the first to intersect with the direction of travel; after 90 degrees of rotation, the person's back will be facing the direction of travel.

428:

There were 8.2 million snowboarders in the US and Canada for the 2009–2010 season. There was a 10% increase over the previous season, accounting for more than 30% of all snow sports participants.

528: 876:

injuries. Such injuries are typically to the knee ligaments, bone fractures are rare. Fractures to the lower leg are also rare but 20% of injuries are to the foot and ankle. Fractures of the

896:

being the first developed in 1995. They allow snowboarders to turn the locked foot straight into the direction of the tip of the snowboard without removing the boot from the boot binding.

240:, invented a toy for his daughters by fastening two skis together and attaching a rope to one end so he would have some control as they stood on the board and glided downhill. Dubbed the " 196: 2917:

Wijdicks, Coen A; Rosenbach, Brandon S; Flanagan, Troy R; Bower, Gillian E; Newman, Kelly E; Clanton, Thomas O; Engebretsen, Lars; LaPrade, Robert F; Hackett, Tom R (January 2014).

435:

announced that adaptive snowboarding (dubbed "para-snowboarding") would debut as a men's and women's medal event in the 2014 Paralympic Winter Games taking place in Sochi, Russia.

3658: 2063: 847:-fastened strap, which can be seen in loose state on the left and tightened on the right glove. This stabilizes the wrist and thus avoids its damage when falling onto the hands. 3616: 2725: 2858:

Bigdon, Sebastian Frederick; Gewiess, Jan; Hoppe, Sven; Exadaktylos, Aristomenis K.; Benneker, Lorin M.; Fairhurst, Paul Gilbert; Albers, Christoph E. (July 19, 2019).

2392: 1616: 2477: 581:

are made from a hard plastic shell, making it flex differently from a regular snowboard boot and is designed differently to ski boots although they look similar.

2366: 2271: 781:'s Superpark event was created in 1996. Over 150 of the World's top pros are invited to advance freestyle snowboarding on the most progressive terrain parks. 2142: 567:

Alpine snowboarding shares more visual similarities with skiing equipment than it does with snowboarding equipment. Compared to freestyle snowboarding gear:

2706: 2002: 2662: 2325: 1141:. Snowboarding films are also used as documentation of snowboarding and showcasing of current trends and styles of the sport. In addition, the 2011 movie 2528: 2032: 1530: 244:" (combining snow and surfer) by his wife Nancy, the toy proved so popular among his daughters' friends that Poppen licensed the idea to a manufacturer, 1413: 818:

are the last skiing only resorts in North America and have become a focal point over time for the remaining animosity between snowboarding and skiing.

322:

As snowboarding became more popular in the 1970s and 1980s, pioneers such as Dimitrije Milovich (founder of Winterstick out of Salt Lake City, Utah),

5239: 5935: 3512:

Kim, Suezie; Endres, N. K.; Johnson, R. J. (April 1, 2012). "Snowboarding Injuries Trends Over Time and Comparisons With Alpine Skiing Injuries".

1654: 3694: 1444: 1350: 3043: 1302: 3313:"Snowboarding injuries: a review of the literature and an analysis of the potential use of portable ultrasound for mountainside diagnostics" 933:

The way in which a snowboarder normally rides most on their snowboard as determined by the placement of their feet and direction of travel.

115: 1115:

usually contain video footage of professional riders sponsored by companies. An example of commercial use of snowboarding films would be

3563: 2414: 2055: 3482: 2200: 716:

Snowboarding contests are held throughout the world and range from grassroots competitions to professional events contested worldwide.

789:, The Nate Chute Hawaiian Classic at Whitefish, the original anti-contest, the World Quarterpipe Championships and the Grenade Games. 5268: 2620: 2554: 2448: 1307: 1109: 3359:

Davidson TM, Laliotis AT (1996) Snowboarding injuries, a four-year study with comparison with alpine ski injuries. West J Med; p.231

5161: 4568: 3173: 549: 185:. As of 2015, its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since. 103: 3612: 3430: 2972: 369: 2682: 5232: 2210: 2183: 2096: 2470: 2388: 1774: 1744: 1380: 880:

are rare in other sports but account for 2% of snowboard injuries – a lateral process talus fracture is sometimes called "

3687: 2112: 1942: 888:

9–27 degree angle, placing a large torque force on this leg and predisposing the person to knee injury if a fall occurs.

762: 376:, founder of Sims Snowboards, organized the event with the help of Mike Chantry, a snowboard instructor at Soda Springs. 1916: 1890: 3289: 1376: 432: 387: 248:, that sold about a million snurfers over the next decade. And, in 1966 alone, over half a million snurfers were sold. 1964: 1555: 3236: 3208: 3106: 3074: 2358: 1586: 1176:

and subsequent recovery as a backdrop, the film examines the physical dangers inherent to pro snowboarders and other

889: 740: 711: 3456: 2740: 302:

The first competitions to offer prize money were the National Snurfing Championship, held at Muskegon State Park in

5494: 5225: 3863: 2267: 773:, snowboarding events contested included big air, halfpipe, parallel giant slalom, slopestyle and snowboard cross. 2576: 2150: 1798: 5298: 4078: 2703: 2644: 1994: 1346: 2659: 1864: 1523: 5940: 3680: 2234: 1684: 126:

is a recreational and competitive activity that involves descending a snow-covered surface while standing on a

3589: 2524: 2024: 1714: 413:

was the first ever to win an Olympic gold medal for Woman's Snowboarding at the 1998 Olympics, while Canadian

534:

Video of a snowboarder practicing carving on a hard slope, equipped with a boardercross board and hard boots.

1403: 1147:

showcased snowboarders such as Travis Rice attempting to attain greater feats in the sport of snowboarding.

5293: 4561: 4474: 3783: 1817: 1556:"Muskegon Area Sports Hall of Fame – History of the Snurfer, Snurfing and the sport of Snowboarding – 1968" 1150:

However, sometimes the snowboarding industry is not supportive of all snowboarding-themed films. In 2013,

769:. Since its inauguration, Olympic snowboarding has seen many additions and removals of events. During the 2330: 736: 17: 2756:

Kim, Suezie; Endres, Nathan K.; Johnson, Robert J.; Ettlinger, Carl F.; Shealy, Jasper E. (April 2012).

383:, Austria, further cementing snowboarding's recognition as an official international competitive sport. 5950: 5805: 5418: 4063: 2598: 1646: 1247: 1165: 3382: 1436: 5960: 5595: 5532: 5087: 5054: 4387: 4339: 3761: 1834: 1524:"American English | A Website for Teachers and Learners of English As a Foreign Language Abroad" 1342: 1250:(born 1965 or 1966), American former snowboarding coach; suspended for 10 years for sexual misconduct 475: 406: 835: 5585: 5026: 4382: 3922: 3766: 786: 484: 4554: 4535: 3902: 3311:

Nowak, M. R.; Kirkpatrick, A. W.; Bouffard, J. A.; Amponsah, D.; Dulchavsky, S. A. (March 2009).

1235: 1222: 1192: 744: 707: 182: 174: 135: 5600: 5423: 2918: 1408: 1173: 1168:, premiered on the film festival circuit to critical acclaim and was subsequently broadcast on 1157: 1117: 844: 312: 3252:

Kim, Suezie; Endres, Nathan K; Johnson, Robert; Ettlinger, Carl; Shealy, Jasper (April 2012).

3177: 5930: 5909: 5865: 4703: 3980: 3907: 3830: 3708: 3555: 3490: 2418: 323: 307: 288: 256: 245: 3434: 2976: 592: 398:, US Open, Olympic Games and other events are broadcast worldwide. Many alpine resorts have 5955: 5860: 5833: 5359: 5044: 4870: 4738: 4448: 4408: 4131: 3856: 2757: 1271: 1198: 776: 770: 766: 339: 296: 170: 162: 131: 4359: 2550: 2440: 8: 5651: 5580: 4971: 4898: 4798: 4793: 4761: 4282: 4217: 4207: 4116: 3663: 2362: 752: 2628: 5727: 5499: 5454: 5364: 5102: 4865: 4297: 4083: 4073: 3810: 3537: 3337: 3312: 3281: 3155: 3035: 2954: 2894: 2859: 2840: 2793: 1505: 1204: 1094:

A rotation in which the person's head leads through the air in the direction of travel.

354: 303: 237: 54: 4915: 5263: 4860: 4608: 4372: 4321: 4287: 4212: 4093: 4058: 3826: 3529: 3342: 3273: 3254:"Snowboarding injuries: trends over time and comparisons with alpine skiing injuries" 3232: 3204: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3102: 3070: 3027: 3019: 3015: 2946: 2938: 2899: 2881: 2832: 2785: 2777: 2758:"Snowboarding Injuries: Trends Over Time and Comparisons With Alpine Skiing Injuries" 2206: 2179: 2092: 1509: 1497: 1143: 1138: 634: 335: 292: 2844: 572: 5620: 5542: 5514: 5338: 5151: 5135: 5125: 5092: 4903: 4776: 4623: 4505: 4367: 4292: 4199: 4174: 4161: 4098: 4068: 4031: 4026: 3985: 3897: 3788: 3729: 3541: 3521: 3332: 3324: 3285: 3265: 3159: 3131: 3039: 3011: 2999: 2958: 2930: 2889: 2871: 2824: 2797: 2769: 2678: 1487: 1479: 1086:

A rotation in which the snowboard leads through the air in the direction of travel.

692: 461: 361:. The race, organized by Graves, was won by Burton's first team rider Doug Bouton. 110: 908:, a particularly dangerous area of loose snow that may form at the base of trees. 5945: 5899: 5656: 5615: 5504: 5317: 5181: 5166: 5021: 4988: 4848: 4479: 4413: 4277: 4189: 3889: 3849: 3793: 3653: 2934: 2744: 2710: 2666: 2648: 2255: 2173: 2086: 1972: 1821: 1802: 1766: 1736: 1483: 756: 677: 597: 414: 331: 86: 851:

Like some other winter sports, snowboarding comes with a certain level of risk.

839:

Gloves with an integrated plastic element, seen left partially pulled out, as a

5823: 5439: 5191: 5082: 5066: 5049: 4910: 4843: 4836: 4826: 4546: 4267: 4235: 4151: 3932: 3756: 3460: 1467: 1372: 1241: 1177: 1152: 868: 815: 748: 728: 395: 391: 166: 4312: 3328: 2876: 2728:: Its Own Culture and Crossover". Retrieved October 4, 2022, from Eagle Times. 2120: 719: 82: 5924: 5795: 5763: 5671: 5661: 5646: 5522: 5484: 5403: 5388: 5369: 5278: 5201: 5014: 4920: 4855: 4673: 4638: 4628: 4593: 4577: 4484: 4469: 4418: 4227: 4184: 4136: 4126: 4016: 3995: 3959: 3949: 3778: 3704: 3672: 3648: 3559: 3525: 3269: 3143: 3023: 2942: 2885: 2836: 2781: 2773: 1938: 1912: 1886: 1501: 900:

basic First Aid knowledge and know how to deal with injuries that may occur.

807: 542: 281: 264: 146: 142: 98: 3253: 2580: 942:

The stance of a snowboarder that normally rides with their right foot first.

345:

In April 1981, the "King of the Mountain" Snowboard competition was held at

5877: 5855: 5676: 5547: 5489: 5459: 5444: 5408: 5333: 5186: 5176: 5171: 5097: 5059: 4983: 4961: 4893: 4831: 4788: 4766: 4680: 4643: 4633: 4618: 4613: 4598: 4443: 4438: 4349: 4329: 4302: 4179: 4169: 4050: 3990: 3941: 3533: 3346: 3277: 2950: 2903: 2789: 1563: 1317: 1289: 1253: 1134: 950:

The stance of a snowboarder that normally rides with their left foot first.

912: 893: 630: 399: 233: 224: 218: 5217: 3151: 3031: 2813:"Snowboarding injuries: Comparison of injuries in snowboarders and skiers" 2389:"Para-Snowboard Included in Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games | IPC" 1841:. Grand Rapids, Michigan. January 15, 2008. pp. B1–B2. Archived from 641: 409:

in Nagano, Japan, Snowboarding became an official Olympic event. France's

5872: 5692: 5636: 5343: 5305: 5196: 4978: 4966: 4930: 4925: 4771: 4756: 4746: 4685: 4663: 4603: 4453: 4272: 4262: 4254: 4121: 4108: 4021: 3798: 3751: 2737: 1594: 1322: 1277: 1161: 1130: 1122: 973:

The portion of the board that attaches the riders' feet to the snowboard.

860: 840: 811: 732: 584: 555: 518: 410: 358: 276: 2503:"The Carver's Almanac – Hard booting and carving on an alpine snowboard" 1492: 1468:"Women's snowboarding – some experiences and perceptions of competition" 1051:

A forwards summersault (i.e. face first) over the toe edge of the board.

417:

was the first ever to win an Olympic gold medal for Men's Snowboarding.

5800: 5790: 5754: 5702: 5666: 5610: 5562: 5552: 5537: 5449: 5310: 5009: 4951: 4946: 4877: 4783: 4751: 4723: 4713: 4695: 4648: 4585: 4403: 4344: 4245: 4146: 4000: 3912: 3741: 3122:

Bladin, C.; McCrory, P. (1995). "Snowboarding Injuries – An Overview".

2828: 1814: 1795: 1265: 1210: 877: 610: 346: 3613:"And Now A Word NOT From Our Sponsors | Doc Soup | POV Blog" 2641: 2056:"Snowboarding History: Technology boosts snowboarding growth in 1980s" 2025:"Snowboard Boots – Snowboarding Equipment – Mechanics of Snowboarding" 1995:"Snowboard Bindings – Snowboard Equipment – Mechanics of Snowboarding" 843:. The element is pressed tightly to the wrist with a wide, all-around 5840: 5828: 5773: 5768: 5734: 5717: 5641: 5605: 5557: 5374: 5120: 4821: 4708: 4658: 4520: 4510: 4377: 4334: 4088: 3724: 3368:

Callé SC, Evans JT. (1995) Snowboarding trauma. J Pediatr Surg; p.791

2812: 1856: 1617:"Tom Sims: Snowboarding pioneer and world champion who became a Bond" 1283: 1259: 1126: 905: 662: 541:

is a discipline within the sport of snowboarding. It is practiced on

130:

that is almost always attached to a rider's feet. It features in the

127: 78: 2864:

Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

2226: 5815: 5785: 5739: 5712: 5697: 5479: 5206: 5112: 4813: 4728: 4718: 4515: 4489: 3954: 3917: 3719: 3585: 2441:"Alpine Snowboarding – Using a rigid setup for carving and control" 1706: 1676: 1312: 646: 578: 373: 365: 327: 260: 252: 150: 5850: 5845: 5744: 5707: 5590: 5527: 5413: 4956: 4803: 4668: 4036: 3880: 3736: 625: 513: 453: 241: 154: 3610: 3310: 2502: 1121:, a film by snowboarding legend and filmmaker Dave Seoane about 491: 380: 5248: 5156: 4140: 3964: 3872: 3773: 3667: 3641: 727:

Some of the larger snowboarding contests include: the European

206: 158: 39: 3511: 3378: 2916: 5780: 2857: 545: 353:

In 1982, the first USA National Snowboard race was held near

315:, because of a lack of snow that year at the original venue. 178: 161:. It became popular around the world and was introduced as a 2594: 5130: 3746: 444:

While each style is unique, there is overlap between them.

326:(founder of Burton Snowboards from Londonderry, Vermont), 5722: 5004: 3841: 3251: 2755: 1169: 981:

The edge of the snowboard that the riders' heels rest on.

958:

The opposite stance of what a snowboarder normally rides.

559:

Freestyle snowboarder films for movie on handrail in Utah

213: 1043:

A backwards summersault over the heel edge of the board.

2417:. Snowboarding.about.com. April 9, 2012. Archived from 3457:"Ski Safety – First Aid for Snowboarding & Skiing" 2720: 2718: 1815:"National Snurfing Championship – 1979, Muskegon, MI." 1796:"National Snurfing Championship – 1978, Muskegon, MI." 228:

Freeride snowboarding, in areas off of the main trails

2198: 1842: 2172:

Kenetics, Human; Schrag, Myles (December 14, 2018).

571:

boards are narrower, longer, and stiffer to improve

2715: 2199:Winand, Mathieu; Anagnostopoulos, Christos (2019). 2088:

Off the Chain: An Insider's History of Snowboarding

2998:Bladin, Christopher; McCrory, Paul (May 1, 1995). 2811:Takakuwa, Tetsuya; Endo, Shigeatsu (May 1, 1996). 2135: 1280:(born 1986), American snowboarder and skateboarder 911:Some care is also required when waxing a board as 2919:"Injuries in elite and recreational snowboarders" 2860:"Spinal injury in alpine winter sports: a review" 232:The first snowboards were developed in 1965 when 5922: 4576: 2323: 3702: 2738:BYU NewsNet – Snowboarder stereotype squelched 2171: 505:contrast to a style like alpine snowboarding. 5233: 4562: 3857: 3688: 3483:"Best Way to Choose Right Snowboard Bindings" 3121: 2997: 2227:"Olympic Snowboarding – Winter Olympic Sport" 1303:American Association of Snowboard Instructors 1181:despite the film's mainstream media success. 2810: 2463: 2147:A Complete History of the Snowboard Halfpipe 1647:"SNURFER- 1ST & 2ED GENERATION SNURFERS" 1156:, a feature-length documentary by filmmaker 1067:A cartwheel over the tail edge of the board. 1059:A cartwheel over the nose edge of the board. 763:Snowboarding has been a Winter Olympic sport 5247: 3431:"Snowboarding Safety – Avalanche Awareness" 892:are designed to minimize the torque force, 521:, the typical style in alpine snowboarding. 517:An Alpine snowboarder executes a heel-side 5240: 5226: 4569: 4555: 3864: 3850: 3695: 3681: 3222: 3220: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 2415:"Jib – Snowboard – Definitions – Glossary" 2356: 2084: 1957: 1466:Sisjord, Mari Kristin (December 1, 2013). 1365: 637:at the downtown Québec big air competition 5269:Glossary of skiing and snowboarding terms 3459:. Abc-of-snowboarding.com. Archived from 3433:. Abc-of-snowboarding.com. Archived from 3336: 3304: 3176:. Abc-of-snowboarding.com. Archived from 3174:"Snowboarding Injuries – Wrist Fractures" 2975:. Abc-of-snowboarding.com. Archived from 2893: 2875: 2317: 2268:"Skiers vs Snow boarders: The Dying Feud" 1491: 1308:Glossary of skiing and snowboarding terms 1110:Skiing and snowboarding on film and video 830: 379:In 1985, the first World Cup was held in 44:A snowboarder making a turn in fresh snow 5814: 3657:) is being considered for deletion. See 2205:. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 172. 1677:"Dry Slope Skiing – What It Means to Us" 1404:"Is Snowboarding Melting in Popularity?" 1401: 834: 718: 640: 629: 591: 554: 524: 512: 490: 460: 223: 212: 192: 5936:Sports originating in the United States 3258:The American Journal of Sports Medicine 3226: 3217: 3198: 3096: 3083: 3064: 2762:The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2601:from the original on September 16, 2016 2359:"snowboard participation increases 10%" 2326:"Burton Snowboards Is King of the Hill" 2292: 1465: 962: 287:Also during this same period, in 1977, 14: 5923: 3592:from the original on November 13, 2013 3566:from the original on December 15, 2023 2973:"Snowboarding Safety & Guidelines" 2338:from the original on November 22, 2020 2324:Marquardt, Katy (September 29, 2008). 2237:from the original on February 13, 2021 2066:from the original on February 28, 2021 2035:from the original on February 23, 2020 2005:from the original on February 23, 2020 1945:from the original on November 22, 2020 1777:from the original on November 23, 2020 1707:"Snowboarding History – RideDaily.com" 1687:from the original on November 24, 2020 1627:from the original on September 3, 2020 1416:from the original on February 24, 2015 1005:The edge that the riders' toes rest on 723:2016 Winter X Games in Aspen, Colorado 508: 364:In 1983, the first World Championship 275:) a molded polyethylene bottom with a 5221: 4550: 3845: 3676: 3385:from the original on December 2, 2020 3227:Roberts, William O. (February 2004). 3199:Roberts, William O. (February 2004). 3097:Roberts, William O. (February 2004). 3065:Roberts, William O. (February 2004). 3046:from the original on February 1, 2024 2557:from the original on October 22, 2016 2451:from the original on October 22, 2016 2395:from the original on December 4, 2020 2202:Research Handbook on Sport Governance 2053: 1867:from the original on October 28, 2013 1849: 1747:from the original on January 28, 2021 1717:from the original on November 6, 2020 1434: 1071: 1022: 548:. It has been an Olympic event since 251:Modern snowboarding was pioneered by 3588:. The Crash Reel. January 19, 2012. 3292:from the original on October 4, 2022 3231:. McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 557. 3203:. McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 556. 3101:. McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 555. 3069:. McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 550. 2685:from the original on August 28, 2009 2517: 2483:from the original on October 9, 2022 1536:from the original on October 9, 2022 1447:from the original on October 4, 2022 1274:(born 2001), New Zealand snowboarder 1014: 3514:American Journal of Sports Medicine 2851: 2531:from the original on March 12, 2017 2274:from the original on April 14, 2009 2270:. Snowsphere.com. October 1, 2007. 2105: 2091:. Greystone Books Ltd. p. 19. 1584: 1402:Sheridan, Tom (February 22, 2015). 1292:(born 1994), Australian snowboarder 997:The trailing edge of the snowboard. 686: 27:Snow sport involving a single board 24: 3619:from the original on June 30, 2017 3489:. October 27, 2015. Archived from 3229:Bull's Handbook of Sports Injuries 3201:Bull's Handbook of Sports Injuries 3099:Bull's Handbook of Sports Injuries 3067:Bull's Handbook of Sports Injuries 2923:British Journal of Sports Medicine 2804: 2749: 2054:Moran, Lauren (January 27, 2012). 1919:from the original on June 20, 2018 1893:from the original on June 20, 2018 1824:Muskegon Area Sports Hall of Fame. 1805:Muskegon Area Sports Hall of Fame. 1657:from the original on July 20, 2023 1383:from the original on June 12, 2018 1377:International Paralympic Committee 1353:from the original on April 2, 2020 989:The forward edge of the snowboard. 890:Snowboard binding rotating devices 821: 671: 433:International Paralympic Committee 388:International Snowboard Federation 141:Snowboarding was developed in the 25: 5972: 3661:to help reach a consensus. › 3635: 3407:. Patft.uspto.gov. Archived from 2369:from the original on July 2, 2011 2305:from the original on July 3, 2020 1343:"Snowboard equipment and history" 1268:(born 1994), Canadian snowboarder 1262:(born 2000), American snowboarder 1256:(born 1998), Japanese snowboarder 1244:(born 1975), American snowboarder 1238:(born 1989), American snowboarder 1229: 944: 712:FIS Snowboard World Championships 5905: 5904: 5895: 5894: 4311: 3931: 3703: 3611:POV | American Documentary Inc. 3136:10.2165/00007256-199519050-00005 3124:Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 3016:10.2165/00007256-199519050-00005 2681:. Yobeat.com. February 5, 2009. 2471:"How to Buy an Alpine Snowboard" 2391:. Paralympic.org. May 28, 2012. 1286:(born 2004), Chinese snowboarder 952: 38: 3604: 3578: 3548: 3505: 3475: 3449: 3423: 3397: 3371: 3362: 3353: 3245: 3192: 3166: 3115: 3058: 2991: 2965: 2910: 2731: 2697: 2671: 2653: 2635: 2613: 2587: 2569: 2543: 2495: 2433: 2407: 2381: 2350: 2286: 2260: 2249: 2231:International Olympic Committee 2219: 2192: 2178:. Human Kinetics. p. 255. 2165: 2078: 2047: 2017: 1987: 1931: 1905: 1879: 1827: 1808: 1789: 1759: 1729: 1699: 1669: 1639: 1435:Pedoe, Neil (October 4, 2016). 1347:International Olympic Committee 1172:. Using Pearce's career-ending 936: 701: 2817:Journal of Orthopaedic Science 1609: 1578: 1548: 1516: 1459: 1428: 1395: 1335: 1217: 923: 13: 1: 3646: 2117:the beginning of Snowboarding 1328: 1045: 796: 735:, Burton Global Open Series, 604: 469: 338:) and Mike Olson (founder of 4578:Extreme and adventure sports 3556:"Snowboarding 101: Glossary" 3405:"United States Patent: 1995" 2935:10.1136/bjsports-2013-093019 2357:Mike Lewis (June 29, 2011). 2331:U.S. News & World Report 2295:"CFNC.org – Cluster Article" 1484:10.1080/02614367.2012.685334 1184: 1037: 1009: 991: 983: 975: 656: 499: 334:), David Kemper (founder of 217:Snowboarder riding off of a 7: 4409:Radio-controlled car racing 1651:michigansnowboardmuseum.com 1296: 999: 10: 5977: 4064:Mountain bike orienteering 3871: 3317:Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2709:February 26, 2009, at the 2577:"Making it Big in Big Air" 1125:, that includes cameos by 1107: 1061: 1053: 967: 928: 705: 690: 675: 660: 623: 619: 608: 473: 451: 447: 188: 5890: 5753: 5685: 5629: 5571: 5513: 5472: 5432: 5396: 5387: 5352: 5326: 5286: 5277: 5259: 5144: 5111: 5075: 5055:Aggressive inline skating 5037: 4997: 4939: 4886: 4812: 4737: 4694: 4584: 4531: 4498: 4462: 4431: 4396: 4388:Offshore powerboat racing 4358: 4340:Motorcycle chariot racing 4320: 4309: 4253: 4244: 4226: 4198: 4160: 4107: 4049: 4009: 3973: 3940: 3929: 3888: 3879: 3819: 3715: 3329:10.1007/s12178-008-9040-5 3130:(5). Sports-Med: 358–64. 2877:10.1186/s13049-019-0645-z 2660:Snowboarder-community.com 2143:"Transworld Snowboarding" 2085:Rebagliati, Ross (2009). 1820:February 5, 2021, at the 1767:"History of Snowboarding" 1587:"SIMS Snowboards History" 476:Freeriding (winter sport) 438: 407:1998 Winter Olympic Games 273:Lonnie Toft flying banana 109: 97: 92: 74: 66: 61: 49: 37: 4383:Inshore powerboat racing 3659:templates for discussion 3526:10.1177/0363546511433279 3270:10.1177/0363546511433279 2774:10.1177/0363546511433279 2724:Chaisson, Bill (2019). " 2029:www.mechanicsofsport.com 1999:www.mechanicsofsport.com 1801:August 18, 2018, at the 1223:Snowboarding video games 1103: 1098: 1088: 1032: 787:The Summit at Snoqualmie 485:Backcountry snowboarding 368:competition was held at 4536:List of forms of racing 3903:Middle-distance running 3000:"Snowboarding Injuries" 2665:April 30, 2010, at the 1939:"Монолыжа — SU 1584971" 1913:"Монолыжа — SU 1584972" 1887:"Монолыжа — SU 1391670" 1529:. Exchanges.state.gov. 1437:"IS SNOWBOARDING DEAD?" 1236:Callan Chythlook-Sifsof 1193:Transworld Snowboarding 1080: 741:FIS World Championships 708:FIS Snowboard World Cup 465:Freeriding snowboarding 136:Winter Paralympic Games 4378:Jet sprint boat racing 3379:"Quick Stance Website" 2704:Summitatsnoqualmie.com 2647:June 23, 2011, at the 2595:"Big air competitions" 1623:. September 22, 2012. 1409:Orange County Register 1174:traumatic brain injury 848: 831:Safety and precautions 724: 649: 638: 601: 560: 535: 522: 496: 495:Freestyle snowboarding 466: 313:Grand Rapids, Michigan 229: 221: 210: 5941:Winter Olympic sports 5910:Category:Snowboarding 4931:Parachuting/Skydiving 3981:Cross country running 3908:Long-distance running 3831:Summer Olympic sports 3709:Winter Olympic sports 2551:"Alpine Snowboarding" 2525:"Alpine snowboarding" 2175:The Sports Rules Book 1373:"About IPC Snowboard" 1129:and was sponsored by 838: 722: 644: 633: 595: 558: 533: 516: 494: 464: 324:Jake Burton Carpenter 308:Jake Burton Carpenter 289:Jake Burton Carpenter 257:Jake Burton Carpenter 246:Brunswick Corporation 227: 216: 204: 5630:Technique / learning 5360:Cross-country skiing 5294:Cross-country skiing 5045:Freestyle scootering 4871:Traditional climbing 4475:Cross-country skiing 4449:Slalom skateboarding 4132:Mountain bike racing 2631:on October 31, 2010. 2421:on November 27, 2016 2233:. December 3, 2020. 1845:on October 18, 2000. 1835:"Grand Rapids Press" 1272:Zoi Sadowski-Synnott 1199:Snowboarder Magazine 963:Parts of a snowboard 778:Snowboarder Magazine 771:2018 Winter Olympics 767:1998 Winter Olympics 297:Londonderry, Vermont 173:and featured in the 163:Winter Olympic Sport 132:Winter Olympic Games 5397:Olympic disciplines 4972:Powered paragliding 4799:Whitewater kayaking 4794:Whitewater canoeing 4283:Pickup truck racing 4218:Paralympic swimming 4208:Open water swimming 4117:Road bicycle racing 3493:on October 26, 2017 3437:on January 16, 2013 3381:. Quickstance.com. 2679:"The Anti Contests" 2505:. Alpinecarving.com 2445:Snowboard-Coach.com 2363:Transworld Business 2153:on January 10, 2008 2113:"Snowboard History" 2060:www.summitdaily.com 1975:on January 23, 2013 1969:SnowBoard Education 1585:Chamber, Creation. 882:snowboarder's ankle 753:Freeride World Tour 645:Snowboarder in the 539:Alpine snowboarding 509:Alpine snowboarding 431:On 2 May 2012, the 271:(also known as the 34: 5728:List of ski brands 5500:Ski mountaineering 5455:Para-alpine skiing 5365:Backcountry skiing 5103:Ski mountaineering 4866:Free solo climbing 4804:Whitewater rafting 4499:Multi-sport racing 4298:Touring car racing 4084:Canoe orienteering 4079:Radio orienteering 4074:Trail orienteering 3811:Ski mountaineering 3664:Snowboarding links 3411:on January 2, 2020 2829:10.1007/BF02349815 2743:2008-07-05 at the 2642:Snowboardermag.com 2583:on March 11, 2016. 2293:Corporation, Xap. 1839:Grand Rapids Press 1737:"Men's Snowboards" 1597:on January 1, 2020 1566:on August 18, 2018 1412:. p. News 3. 1205:Snowboard Magazine 1072:Off-axis rotations 1024:Frontside Rotation 849: 725: 650: 639: 602: 561: 536: 523: 497: 467: 355:Woodstock, Vermont 304:Muskegon, Michigan 238:Muskegon, Michigan 230: 222: 211: 175:Winter Paralympics 55:Muskegon, Michigan 32: 5951:Individual sports 5918: 5917: 5886: 5885: 5468: 5467: 5433:Other disciplines 5383: 5382: 5264:History of skiing 5215: 5214: 4861:Big wall climbing 4609:Kite landboarding 4544: 4543: 4427: 4426: 4373:Hydroplane racing 4322:Motorcycle racing 4288:Sports car racing 4213:Marathon swimming 4094:Mountain marathon 4059:Foot orienteering 4045: 4044: 3839: 3838: 3827:Paralympic sports 3642:PSIA-AASI Website 2212:978-1-78643-482-1 2185:978-1-4925-6759-2 2098:978-1-55365-487-2 1741:Burton Snowboards 1683:. June 28, 2015. 1144:The Art of Flight 1139:Burton Snowboards 1016:Backside Rotation 635:Sebastien Toutant 588:among other uses. 531: 336:Kemper Snowboards 293:Burton Snowboards 236:, an engineer in 202: 121: 120: 16:(Redirected from 5968: 5961:Acrobatic sports 5908: 5907: 5898: 5897: 5812: 5811: 5621:Snowboard racing 5543:Half-pipe skiing 5515:Freestyle skiing 5394: 5393: 5339:Ski orienteering 5284: 5283: 5242: 5235: 5228: 5219: 5218: 5152:Adventure racing 5126:Extreme sledding 5093:Freestyle skiing 4904:Ski-BASE jumping 4777:Technical diving 4624:Mountainboarding 4571: 4564: 4557: 4548: 4547: 4506:Adventure racing 4368:Drag boat racing 4360:Motorboat racing 4315: 4293:Stock car racing 4251: 4250: 4175:Greyhound racing 4099:Car orienteering 4069:Ski orienteering 4032:Snowshoe running 4027:Backward running 3986:Mountain running 3974:Off-road running 3935: 3886: 3885: 3866: 3859: 3852: 3843: 3842: 3707: 3697: 3690: 3683: 3674: 3673: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3479: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3463:on July 16, 2012 3453: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3375: 3369: 3366: 3360: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3340: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3224: 3215: 3214: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3180:on July 17, 2012 3170: 3164: 3163: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3094: 3081: 3080: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3051: 2995: 2989: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2979:on July 21, 2012 2969: 2963: 2962: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2897: 2879: 2855: 2849: 2848: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2753: 2747: 2735: 2729: 2722: 2713: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2675: 2669: 2657: 2651: 2639: 2633: 2632: 2627:. Archived from 2621:"Search Results" 2617: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2579:. Archived from 2573: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2521: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2482: 2475: 2467: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2264: 2258: 2253: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2223: 2217: 2216: 2196: 2190: 2189: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2149:. Archived from 2139: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2123:on April 9, 2000 2119:. Archived from 2109: 2103: 2102: 2082: 2076: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2021: 2015: 2014: 2012: 2010: 1991: 1985: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1971:. Archived from 1961: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1935: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1853: 1847: 1846: 1831: 1825: 1812: 1806: 1793: 1787: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1733: 1727: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1673: 1667: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1613: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1593:. Archived from 1582: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1562:. Archived from 1552: 1546: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1535: 1528: 1520: 1514: 1513: 1495: 1463: 1457: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1399: 1393: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1369: 1363: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1339: 693:Snowboard racing 687:Snowboard racing 532: 205:Snowboarding in 203: 42: 35: 31: 21: 5976: 5975: 5971: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5921: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5900:Category:Skiing 5882: 5810: 5749: 5681: 5625: 5616:Snowboard cross 5567: 5509: 5505:Telemark skiing 5464: 5428: 5379: 5348: 5322: 5318:Nordic combined 5273: 5255: 5246: 5216: 5211: 5182:Obstacle racing 5167:Extreme ironing 5140: 5107: 5071: 5033: 5022:Mountain biking 4993: 4989:Wingsuit flying 4935: 4882: 4849:Alpine climbing 4808: 4733: 4690: 4580: 4575: 4545: 4540: 4527: 4494: 4480:Snowboard cross 4458: 4423: 4414:Slot car racing 4392: 4354: 4316: 4307: 4278:Off-road racing 4240: 4222: 4194: 4190:Sled dog racing 4156: 4103: 4041: 4005: 3969: 3936: 3927: 3875: 3870: 3840: 3835: 3815: 3794:Nordic combined 3711: 3701: 3662: 3638: 3633: 3632: 3622: 3620: 3609: 3605: 3595: 3593: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3569: 3567: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3510: 3506: 3496: 3494: 3481: 3480: 3476: 3466: 3464: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3440: 3438: 3429: 3428: 3424: 3414: 3412: 3403: 3402: 3398: 3388: 3386: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3354: 3309: 3305: 3295: 3293: 3250: 3246: 3239: 3225: 3218: 3211: 3197: 3193: 3183: 3181: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3120: 3116: 3109: 3095: 3084: 3077: 3063: 3059: 3049: 3047: 3004:Sports Medicine 2996: 2992: 2982: 2980: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2915: 2911: 2856: 2852: 2809: 2805: 2754: 2750: 2745:Wayback Machine 2736: 2732: 2723: 2716: 2711:Wayback Machine 2702: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2667:Wayback Machine 2658: 2654: 2649:Wayback Machine 2640: 2636: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2604: 2602: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2575: 2574: 2570: 2560: 2558: 2549: 2548: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2473: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2454: 2452: 2439: 2438: 2434: 2424: 2422: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2398: 2396: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2372: 2370: 2355: 2351: 2341: 2339: 2322: 2318: 2308: 2306: 2291: 2287: 2277: 2275: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2256:Ross Rebagliati 2254: 2250: 2240: 2238: 2225: 2224: 2220: 2213: 2197: 2193: 2186: 2170: 2166: 2156: 2154: 2141: 2140: 2136: 2126: 2124: 2111: 2110: 2106: 2099: 2083: 2079: 2069: 2067: 2052: 2048: 2038: 2036: 2023: 2022: 2018: 2008: 2006: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1978: 1976: 1963: 1962: 1958: 1948: 1946: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1922: 1920: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1896: 1894: 1885: 1884: 1880: 1870: 1868: 1855: 1854: 1850: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1822:Wayback Machine 1813: 1809: 1803:Wayback Machine 1794: 1790: 1780: 1778: 1771:bulgariaski.com 1765: 1764: 1760: 1750: 1748: 1735: 1734: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1705: 1704: 1700: 1690: 1688: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1660: 1658: 1645: 1644: 1640: 1630: 1628: 1621:The Independent 1615: 1614: 1610: 1600: 1598: 1591:www.simsnow.com 1583: 1579: 1569: 1567: 1554: 1553: 1549: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1472:Leisure Studies 1464: 1460: 1450: 1448: 1433: 1429: 1419: 1417: 1400: 1396: 1386: 1384: 1371: 1370: 1366: 1356: 1354: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1331: 1299: 1232: 1220: 1187: 1118:The White Album 1112: 1106: 1101: 1091: 1083: 1074: 1064: 1056: 1048: 1040: 1035: 1025: 1017: 1012: 1002: 994: 986: 978: 970: 965: 955: 947: 939: 931: 926: 833: 824: 822:Common injuries 799: 757:Winter Dew Tour 731:, the Japanese 729:Air & Style 714: 706:Main articles: 704: 695: 689: 680: 678:Snowboard cross 674: 672:Snowboard cross 665: 659: 628: 622: 613: 607: 598:Tannheim, Tyrol 596:Snowboarder in 525: 511: 502: 478: 472: 456: 450: 441: 415:Ross Rebagliati 396:Air & Style 332:Sims Snowboards 263:, a devotee of 193: 191: 62:Characteristics 45: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5974: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5912: 5902: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5869: 5868: 5863: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5837: 5836: 5826: 5824:Aerial tramway 5820: 5818: 5809: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5777: 5776: 5766: 5760: 5758: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5731: 5730: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5689: 5687: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5633: 5631: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5577: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5519: 5517: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5476: 5474: 5470: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5440:Extreme skiing 5436: 5434: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5400: 5398: 5391: 5385: 5384: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5330: 5328: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5320: 5315: 5314: 5313: 5303: 5302: 5301: 5290: 5288: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5271: 5266: 5260: 5257: 5256: 5245: 5244: 5237: 5230: 5222: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5162:Cheese rolling 5159: 5154: 5148: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5117: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5083:Extreme skiing 5079: 5077: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5069: 5067:Roller skating 5064: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5050:Inline skating 5047: 5041: 5039: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5031: 5030: 5029: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5012: 5001: 4999: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4975: 4974: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4911:Bungee jumping 4908: 4907: 4906: 4901: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4880: 4875: 4874: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4853: 4852: 4851: 4844:Mountaineering 4841: 4840: 4839: 4837:Mixed climbing 4829: 4827:Crane climbing 4824: 4818: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4774: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4743: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4700: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4677: 4676: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4590: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4574: 4573: 4566: 4559: 4551: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4532: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4525: 4524: 4523: 4518: 4508: 4502: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4466: 4464: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4400: 4398: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4364: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4326: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4268:Formula racing 4265: 4259: 4257: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4238: 4236:Speed climbing 4232: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4204: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4166: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4154: 4152:Cycle speedway 4149: 4144: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4113: 4111: 4109:Bicycle racing 4105: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4055: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3977: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3946: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3894: 3892: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3869: 3868: 3861: 3854: 3846: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3833: 3820: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3807: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3771: 3770: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3757:figure skating 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3733: 3732: 3722: 3716: 3713: 3712: 3700: 3699: 3692: 3685: 3677: 3671: 3670: 3644: 3637: 3636:External links 3634: 3631: 3630: 3603: 3577: 3547: 3520:(4): 770–776. 3504: 3474: 3448: 3422: 3396: 3370: 3361: 3352: 3303: 3264:(4): 770–776. 3244: 3237: 3216: 3209: 3191: 3165: 3114: 3107: 3082: 3075: 3057: 3010:(5): 358–364. 2990: 2964: 2909: 2850: 2823:(3): 178–181. 2803: 2768:(4): 770–776. 2748: 2730: 2714: 2696: 2670: 2652: 2634: 2612: 2586: 2568: 2542: 2516: 2494: 2462: 2432: 2406: 2380: 2349: 2316: 2285: 2259: 2248: 2218: 2211: 2191: 2184: 2164: 2134: 2104: 2097: 2077: 2046: 2016: 1986: 1956: 1930: 1904: 1878: 1848: 1826: 1807: 1788: 1758: 1728: 1698: 1668: 1638: 1608: 1577: 1547: 1515: 1478:(5): 507–523. 1458: 1427: 1394: 1379:. March 2016. 1364: 1333: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1287: 1281: 1275: 1269: 1263: 1257: 1251: 1245: 1242:Rosey Fletcher 1239: 1231: 1230:Notable people 1228: 1219: 1216: 1186: 1183: 1178:extreme sports 1153:The Crash Reel 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 992: 990: 987: 984: 982: 979: 976: 974: 971: 968: 964: 961: 960: 959: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946:Regular Stance 945: 943: 940: 937: 930: 927: 925: 922: 869:snow blindness 832: 829: 823: 820: 816:Mad River Glen 798: 795: 749:Winter X Games 703: 700: 691:Main article: 688: 685: 676:Main article: 673: 670: 661:Main article: 658: 655: 624:Main article: 621: 618: 609:Main article: 606: 603: 590: 589: 582: 576: 510: 507: 501: 498: 481:are utilized. 474:Main article: 471: 468: 452:Main article: 449: 446: 440: 437: 392:Winter X Games 372:, California. 340:Gnu Snowboards 190: 187: 145:, inspired by 119: 118: 113: 107: 106: 101: 95: 94: 90: 89: 76: 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 59: 58: 51: 47: 46: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5973: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5911: 5903: 5901: 5893: 5892: 5889: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5858: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5796:Snow grooming 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5764:Dry ski slope 5762: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5752: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5684: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5672:Ski simulator 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5662:Stem christie 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5647:Parallel turn 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5628: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5570: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5523:Aerial skiing 5521: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5485:Indoor skiing 5483: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5471: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5431: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5389:Alpine skiing 5386: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5370:Roller skiing 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5351: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5325: 5319: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5308: 5307: 5304: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5279:Nordic skiing 5276: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5243: 5238: 5236: 5231: 5229: 5224: 5223: 5220: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5202:Ultramarathon 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5110: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5068: 5065: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5036: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5020: 5016: 5015:Freestyle BMX 5013: 5011: 5008: 5007: 5006: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4996: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4938: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4921:Cliff jumping 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4879: 4876: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4857: 4856:Rock climbing 4854: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4845: 4842: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4811: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4769: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4736: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4693: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4675: 4674:River surfing 4672: 4671: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4664:Street luging 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4639:Skateboarding 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4629:Riverboarding 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4594:Bellyboarding 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4572: 4567: 4565: 4560: 4558: 4553: 4552: 4549: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4530: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4513: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4497: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4485:Speed skating 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4470:Alpine skiing 4468: 4467: 4465: 4463:Winter racing 4461: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4430: 4420: 4419:Street racing 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4319: 4314: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4185:Pigeon racing 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4162:Animal racing 4159: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4138: 4137:Track cycling 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4127:Gravel racing 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4017:Tower running 4015: 4014: 4012: 4008: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3996:Trail running 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3960:Ultramarathon 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3950:Half marathon 3948: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3939: 3934: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3890:Track running 3887: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3867: 3862: 3860: 3855: 3853: 3848: 3847: 3844: 3832: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3821: 3818: 3812: 3809: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3784:cross-country 3782: 3780: 3777: 3776: 3775: 3772: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3698: 3693: 3691: 3686: 3684: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3669: 3665: 3660: 3656: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3618: 3614: 3607: 3591: 3587: 3581: 3565: 3561: 3560:NBC Universal 3557: 3551: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3508: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3478: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3410: 3406: 3400: 3384: 3380: 3374: 3365: 3356: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3307: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3248: 3240: 3238:0-07-140291-8 3234: 3230: 3223: 3221: 3212: 3210:0-07-140291-8 3206: 3202: 3195: 3179: 3175: 3169: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3118: 3110: 3108:0-07-140291-8 3104: 3100: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3078: 3076:0-07-140291-8 3072: 3068: 3061: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2994: 2978: 2974: 2968: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2913: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2854: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2807: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2746: 2742: 2739: 2734: 2727: 2721: 2719: 2712: 2708: 2705: 2700: 2684: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2656: 2650: 2646: 2643: 2638: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2616: 2600: 2596: 2590: 2582: 2578: 2572: 2556: 2552: 2546: 2530: 2526: 2520: 2504: 2498: 2479: 2472: 2466: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2436: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2394: 2390: 2384: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2353: 2337: 2333: 2332: 2327: 2320: 2304: 2300: 2299:www1.cfnc.org 2296: 2289: 2273: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2252: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2222: 2214: 2208: 2204: 2203: 2195: 2187: 2181: 2177: 2176: 2168: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2138: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2108: 2100: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2081: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2050: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2020: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1990: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1965:"First Stoke" 1960: 1944: 1940: 1934: 1918: 1914: 1908: 1892: 1888: 1882: 1866: 1862: 1861:Pando website 1858: 1852: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1830: 1823: 1819: 1816: 1811: 1804: 1800: 1797: 1792: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1762: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1716: 1712: 1711:ridedaily.com 1708: 1702: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1672: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1642: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1612: 1601:September 20, 1596: 1592: 1588: 1581: 1570:September 20, 1565: 1561: 1560:www.mashf.com 1557: 1551: 1532: 1525: 1519: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1462: 1446: 1442: 1441:Snow Magazine 1438: 1431: 1415: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1398: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1368: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1338: 1334: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1227: 1224: 1215: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1194: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1160:about former 1159: 1155: 1154: 1148: 1146: 1145: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1111: 1093: 1085: 1079: 1078: 1066: 1058: 1050: 1042: 1036: 1027: 1019: 1013: 1004: 996: 988: 980: 972: 966: 957: 954:Switch Stance 949: 941: 935: 934: 921: 917: 914: 909: 907: 901: 897: 895: 891: 885: 883: 879: 873: 870: 864: 862: 856: 852: 846: 842: 837: 828: 819: 817: 813: 809: 803: 794: 790: 788: 782: 780: 779: 774: 772: 768: 764: 760: 758: 754: 750: 746: 745:FIS World Cup 743:, the annual 742: 738: 734: 730: 721: 717: 713: 709: 699: 694: 684: 679: 669: 664: 654: 648: 643: 636: 632: 627: 617: 612: 599: 594: 586: 583: 580: 577: 574: 570: 569: 568: 565: 557: 553: 551: 547: 544: 540: 520: 515: 506: 493: 489: 488: 486: 477: 463: 459: 455: 445: 436: 434: 429: 426: 422: 418: 416: 412: 408: 403: 401: 400:terrain parks 397: 393: 389: 386:In 1990, the 384: 382: 377: 375: 371: 367: 362: 360: 356: 351: 348: 343: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 320: 316: 314: 309: 305: 300: 298: 294: 290: 285: 283: 282:dry ski slope 278: 274: 270: 266: 265:skateboarding 262: 258: 254: 249: 247: 243: 239: 235: 226: 220: 215: 208: 186: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 147:skateboarding 144: 143:United States 139: 137: 133: 129: 125: 117: 114: 112: 108: 105: 102: 100: 96: 91: 88: 84: 80: 77: 73: 69: 65: 60: 56: 52: 48: 41: 36: 30: 19: 5931:Snowboarding 5878:Surface lift 5856:Gondola lift 5677:Skate skiing 5573:Snowboarding 5572: 5490:Night skiing 5473:Other skiing 5460:Speed skiing 5445:Glade skiing 5409:Giant slalom 5353:Recreational 5334:Ski marathon 5253:snowboarding 5252: 5192:Powerbocking 5187:Orienteering 5177:Fell running 5172:Extreme Pogo 5098:Speed skiing 5060:Vert skating 4984:Speed flying 4962:Hang gliding 4916:Cliff-diving 4894:BASE jumping 4832:Ice climbing 4789:Water skiing 4767:Scuba diving 4739:Water sports 4681:Wakeboarding 4654:Snowboarding 4653: 4644:Skimboarding 4634:Sandboarding 4619:Longboarding 4614:Kiteboarding 4599:Bodyboarding 4444:Sandboarding 4439:Longboarding 4432:Board racing 4350:Track racing 4330:Beach racing 4303:Truck racing 4246:Motor racing 4180:Horse racing 4170:Camel racing 4051:Orienteering 3991:Fell running 3942:Road running 3923:Steeplechase 3823: 3804:snowboarding 3803: 3652: 3623:November 13, 3621:. Retrieved 3606: 3596:November 13, 3594:. Retrieved 3580: 3570:December 15, 3568:. Retrieved 3550: 3517: 3513: 3507: 3497:February 16, 3495:. Retrieved 3491:the original 3487:Extremepedia 3486: 3477: 3467:February 17, 3465:. Retrieved 3461:the original 3451: 3441:February 17, 3439:. Retrieved 3435:the original 3425: 3415:February 17, 3413:. Retrieved 3409:the original 3399: 3389:February 17, 3387:. Retrieved 3373: 3364: 3355: 3320: 3316: 3306: 3294:. Retrieved 3261: 3257: 3247: 3228: 3200: 3194: 3184:February 17, 3182:. Retrieved 3178:the original 3168: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3098: 3066: 3060: 3048:. Retrieved 3007: 3003: 2993: 2983:February 17, 2981:. Retrieved 2977:the original 2967: 2929:(1): 11–17. 2926: 2922: 2912: 2867: 2863: 2853: 2820: 2816: 2806: 2765: 2761: 2751: 2733: 2726:Snowboarding 2699: 2689:February 17, 2687:. Retrieved 2673: 2655: 2637: 2629:the original 2624: 2615: 2605:September 5, 2603:. Retrieved 2589: 2581:the original 2571: 2561:November 13, 2559:. Retrieved 2545: 2535:November 13, 2533:. Retrieved 2519: 2507:. Retrieved 2497: 2487:February 15, 2485:. Retrieved 2465: 2453:. Retrieved 2444: 2435: 2423:. Retrieved 2419:the original 2409: 2399:November 13, 2397:. Retrieved 2383: 2371:. Retrieved 2352: 2340:. Retrieved 2329: 2319: 2307:. Retrieved 2298: 2288: 2278:February 17, 2276:. Retrieved 2262: 2251: 2239:. Retrieved 2230: 2221: 2201: 2194: 2174: 2167: 2157:February 14, 2155:. Retrieved 2151:the original 2146: 2137: 2125:. Retrieved 2121:the original 2116: 2107: 2087: 2080: 2068:. Retrieved 2059: 2049: 2037:. Retrieved 2028: 2019: 2007:. Retrieved 1998: 1989: 1977:. Retrieved 1973:the original 1968: 1959: 1947:. Retrieved 1933: 1921:. Retrieved 1907: 1895:. Retrieved 1881: 1869:. Retrieved 1860: 1851: 1843:the original 1838: 1829: 1810: 1791: 1779:. Retrieved 1770: 1761: 1749:. Retrieved 1740: 1731: 1719:. Retrieved 1710: 1701: 1689:. Retrieved 1680: 1671: 1659:. Retrieved 1650: 1641: 1629:. Retrieved 1620: 1611: 1599:. Retrieved 1595:the original 1590: 1580: 1568:. Retrieved 1564:the original 1559: 1550: 1540:February 17, 1538:. Retrieved 1518: 1493:11250/218904 1475: 1471: 1461: 1449:. Retrieved 1440: 1430: 1418:. Retrieved 1407: 1397: 1385:. Retrieved 1367: 1355:. Retrieved 1337: 1318:Sandboarding 1290:Scotty James 1254:Ayumu Hirano 1221: 1209: 1203: 1197: 1191: 1188: 1166:Kevin Pearce 1151: 1149: 1142: 1135:Mountain Dew 1116: 1113: 1075: 938:Goofy Stance 932: 918: 913:fluorocarbon 910: 902: 898: 894:Quick Stance 886: 881: 874: 865: 861:wrist guards 857: 853: 850: 825: 804: 800: 791: 783: 777: 775: 761: 726: 715: 702:Competitions 696: 681: 666: 651: 614: 566: 562: 538: 537: 503: 482: 479: 457: 442: 430: 427: 423: 419: 404: 385: 378: 370:Soda Springs 363: 352: 344: 330:(founder of 321: 317: 301: 286: 272: 268: 250: 234:Sherm Poppen 231: 140: 124:Snowboarding 123: 122: 50:First played 33:Snowboarding 29: 5956:Boardsports 5873:Hybrid lift 5637:Carved turn 5586:Backcountry 5495:Ski archery 5344:Ski touring 5306:Ski jumping 5287:Competitive 5197:Slacklining 4979:Parasailing 4967:Paragliding 4926:Tombstoning 4772:Cave diving 4757:High diving 4747:Coasteering 4696:Motorsports 4686:Windsurfing 4659:Snowskating 4604:Dirtsurfing 4586:Boardsports 4454:Street luge 4273:Kart racing 4263:Drag racing 4255:Auto racing 4122:Cyclo-cross 4022:Racewalking 3799:ski jumping 3762:short-track 3647:‹ The 3323:(1): 25–9. 3050:December 5, 2625:snowrev.com 2373:January 21, 2342:January 21, 2241:February 3, 2127:January 17, 2070:February 3, 1871:January 16, 1857:"main page" 1781:December 3, 1323:Skiboarding 1278:Shaun White 1248:Peter Foley 1218:Video games 1162:Shaun White 1158:Lucy Walker 1131:PlayStation 1123:Shaun White 924:Terminology 841:wrist guard 812:Deer Valley 733:X-Trail Jam 575:performance 519:carved turn 411:Karine Ruby 359:Suicide Six 306:. In 1979, 277:Lonnie Toft 18:Snowboarder 5925:Categories 5834:detachable 5801:Snowmaking 5791:Ski tunnel 5667:Ski school 5657:Snowplough 5652:Pivot turn 5611:Slopestyle 5596:Freeriding 5563:Slopestyle 5553:Ski ballet 5538:Freeskiing 5533:Freeriding 5450:Heliskiing 5311:Ski flying 5299:Paralympic 5207:Zip-lining 5088:Freeriding 5010:BMX racing 4952:Air racing 4947:Aerobatics 4878:Skyrunning 4784:Snorkeling 4762:Jet Skiing 4752:Freediving 4724:Rally raid 4714:Rallycross 4649:Skysurfing 4404:Air racing 4345:Rally raid 4147:BMX racing 4001:Skyrunning 3913:Relay race 3767:long-track 3742:Ice hockey 3296:October 4, 2509:August 15, 2425:August 15, 1681:Snow.Guide 1451:October 4, 1329:References 1266:Max Parrot 1211:Whitelines 1208:(US), and 1108:See also: 1047:Front Flip 906:tree wells 878:talus bone 797:Subculture 611:Slopestyle 605:Slopestyle 470:Freeriding 347:Ski Cooper 111:Paralympic 5841:Funicular 5829:Chairlift 5816:Ski lifts 5774:Superpipe 5769:Half-pipe 5757:amenities 5735:Snowboard 5686:Equipment 5642:Jump turn 5606:Half-pipe 5601:Freestyle 5558:Ski cross 5375:Skijoring 5327:Endurance 5121:Bobsleigh 4899:Free BASE 4822:Canyoning 4709:Motocross 4521:Aquathlon 4511:Triathlon 4335:Motocross 4089:Rogaining 3898:Sprinting 3824:See also: 3789:freestyle 3725:Bobsleigh 3144:0112-1642 3024:1179-2035 2943:0306-3674 2886:1757-7241 2870:(1): 69. 2837:1436-2023 2782:0363-5465 2455:April 18, 2309:March 29, 2039:April 17, 2009:April 17, 1751:April 15, 1721:April 15, 1691:April 15, 1631:April 15, 1510:144101427 1502:0261-4367 1387:April 23, 1357:April 23, 1284:Su Yiming 1260:Chloe Kim 1185:Magazines 1127:Tony Hawk 1039:Back Flip 1010:Rotations 993:Tail Edge 985:Nose Edge 977:Heel Edge 737:Shakedown 663:Half-pipe 657:Half-pipe 600:, Austria 500:Freestyle 483:See also 207:Valfréjus 128:snowboard 79:Snowboard 75:Equipment 5866:tricable 5786:Ski area 5693:Bindings 5480:Biathlon 5424:Combined 5419:Downhill 5136:Skeleton 5113:Sledding 5027:Downhill 4814:Climbing 4729:Snocross 4719:Rallying 4704:Drifting 4516:Duathlon 4490:Sledding 4228:Climbing 4200:Swimming 3955:Marathon 3918:Hurdling 3730:skeleton 3720:Biathlon 3649:template 3617:Archived 3590:Archived 3564:Archived 3562:. 2021. 3534:22268231 3383:Archived 3347:19468915 3290:Archived 3278:22268231 3044:Archived 2951:24282020 2904:31324221 2845:71373867 2790:22268231 2741:Archived 2707:Archived 2683:Archived 2663:Archived 2645:Archived 2599:Archived 2555:Archived 2529:Archived 2478:Archived 2476:. 2005. 2449:Archived 2393:Archived 2367:Archived 2336:Archived 2303:Archived 2272:Archived 2235:Archived 2064:Archived 2033:Archived 2003:Archived 1979:July 29, 1949:June 19, 1943:Archived 1923:June 20, 1917:Archived 1897:June 20, 1891:Archived 1865:Archived 1818:Archived 1799:Archived 1775:Archived 1745:Archived 1715:Archived 1685:Archived 1661:July 15, 1655:Archived 1625:Archived 1531:Archived 1445:Archived 1420:March 5, 1414:Archived 1381:Archived 1351:Archived 1349:. 2015. 1313:Lazboard 1297:See also 1001:Toe Edge 755:and the 647:halfpipe 585:bindings 374:Tom Sims 366:halfpipe 328:Tom Sims 269:Skiboard 261:Tom Sims 253:Tom Sims 209:, France 151:sledding 93:Presence 83:bindings 5861:bicable 5851:Funitel 5846:Funifor 5708:Monoski 5591:Big air 5528:Big air 5414:Super-G 5038:Rolling 4998:Cycling 4957:Gliding 4887:Falling 4669:Surfing 4037:Parkour 3881:Running 3752:Skating 3737:Curling 3651:below ( 3615:. PBS. 3542:9892333 3338:2684950 3286:9892333 3160:9918887 3152:7618012 3040:9918887 3032:7618012 2959:7519870 2895:6642543 2798:9892333 1063:Wildcat 1055:Tamedog 969:Binding 929:Stances 626:Big air 620:Big air 573:carving 543:groomed 454:Jibbing 448:Jibbing 405:At the 242:snurfer 219:cornice 189:History 155:surfing 99:Olympic 70:Outdoor 5946:Racing 5755:Resort 5703:Helmet 5581:Alpine 5404:Slalom 5249:Skiing 5157:Caving 5145:Others 5076:Skiing 4940:Flying 4141:Keirin 3965:Ekiden 3873:Racing 3779:alpine 3774:Skiing 3668:Curlie 3654:Curlie 3586:"Home" 3540: 3532: 3345: 3335: 3284: 3276: 3235: 3207: 3158: 3150: 3142: 3105: 3073: 3038: 3030: 3022: 2957: 2949: 2941: 2902: 2892: 2884: 2843: 2835: 2796: 2788: 2780: 2209: 2182: 2095: 1508: 1500: 1214:(UK). 1202:(US), 1196:(US), 1164:rival 845:velcro 814:, and 765:since 747:, the 546:pistes 439:Styles 167:Nagano 159:skiing 157:, and 53:1979, 5806:Trail 5781:Piste 5718:Skins 5713:Poles 5698:Boots 5548:Mogul 4397:Other 4010:Other 3538:S2CID 3282:S2CID 3156:S2CID 3036:S2CID 2955:S2CID 2841:S2CID 2794:S2CID 2481:(PDF) 2474:(PDF) 1534:(PDF) 1527:(PDF) 1506:S2CID 1104:Films 1099:Media 1090:Rodeo 1033:Flips 579:boots 357:, at 179:Sochi 87:boots 5740:Suit 5723:Skis 5251:and 5131:Luge 3829:and 3747:Luge 3625:2013 3598:2013 3572:2023 3530:PMID 3499:2018 3469:2014 3443:2014 3417:2014 3391:2014 3343:PMID 3298:2022 3274:PMID 3233:ISBN 3205:ISBN 3186:2014 3148:PMID 3140:ISSN 3103:ISBN 3071:ISBN 3052:2022 3028:PMID 3020:ISSN 2985:2014 2947:PMID 2939:ISSN 2900:PMID 2882:ISSN 2833:ISSN 2786:PMID 2778:ISSN 2691:2014 2607:2016 2563:2014 2537:2014 2511:2012 2489:2010 2457:2019 2427:2012 2401:2013 2375:2013 2344:2013 2311:2018 2280:2014 2243:2021 2207:ISBN 2180:ISBN 2159:2008 2129:2008 2093:ISBN 2072:2021 2041:2019 2011:2019 1981:2008 1951:2018 1925:2018 1899:2018 1873:2008 1783:2020 1753:2019 1723:2019 1693:2019 1663:2023 1633:2019 1603:2017 1572:2017 1542:2014 1498:ISSN 1453:2022 1422:2015 1389:2016 1359:2016 1137:and 1082:Cork 808:Alta 710:and 550:1998 381:Zürs 255:and 183:2014 171:1998 134:and 116:2014 104:1998 67:Type 57:, US 5745:Wax 5005:BMX 3666:at 3522:doi 3333:PMC 3325:doi 3266:doi 3132:doi 3012:doi 2931:doi 2890:PMC 2872:doi 2825:doi 2770:doi 1488:hdl 1480:doi 1170:HBO 295:in 181:in 177:at 169:in 165:at 5927:: 3558:. 3536:. 3528:. 3518:40 3516:. 3485:. 3341:. 3331:. 3319:. 3315:. 3288:. 3280:. 3272:. 3262:40 3260:. 3256:. 3219:^ 3154:. 3146:. 3138:. 3128:19 3126:. 3085:^ 3042:. 3034:. 3026:. 3018:. 3008:19 3006:. 3002:. 2953:. 2945:. 2937:. 2927:48 2925:. 2921:. 2898:. 2888:. 2880:. 2868:27 2866:. 2862:. 2839:. 2831:. 2819:. 2815:. 2792:. 2784:. 2776:. 2766:40 2764:. 2760:. 2717:^ 2623:. 2597:. 2553:. 2527:. 2447:. 2443:. 2365:. 2361:. 2334:. 2328:. 2301:. 2297:. 2229:. 2145:. 2115:. 2062:. 2058:. 2031:. 2027:. 2001:. 1997:. 1967:. 1941:. 1915:. 1889:. 1863:. 1859:. 1837:. 1773:. 1769:. 1743:. 1739:. 1713:. 1709:. 1679:. 1653:. 1649:. 1619:. 1589:. 1558:. 1504:. 1496:. 1486:. 1476:32 1474:. 1470:. 1443:. 1439:. 1406:. 1375:. 1345:. 1133:, 810:, 759:. 751:, 739:, 552:. 402:. 394:, 284:. 153:, 149:, 138:. 85:, 81:, 5241:e 5234:t 5227:v 4570:e 4563:t 4556:v 4143:) 4139:( 3865:e 3858:t 3851:v 3696:e 3689:t 3682:v 3627:. 3600:. 3574:. 3544:. 3524:: 3501:. 3471:. 3445:. 3419:. 3393:. 3349:. 3327:: 3321:2 3300:. 3268:: 3241:. 3213:. 3188:. 3162:. 3134:: 3111:. 3079:. 3054:. 3014:: 2987:. 2961:. 2933:: 2906:. 2874:: 2847:. 2827:: 2821:1 2800:. 2772:: 2693:. 2609:. 2565:. 2539:. 2513:. 2491:. 2459:. 2429:. 2403:. 2377:. 2346:. 2313:. 2282:. 2245:. 2215:. 2188:. 2161:. 2131:. 2101:. 2074:. 2043:. 2013:. 1983:. 1953:. 1927:. 1901:. 1875:. 1785:. 1755:. 1725:. 1695:. 1665:. 1635:. 1605:. 1574:. 1544:. 1512:. 1490:: 1482:: 1455:. 1424:. 1391:. 1361:. 487:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index