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500:, decided a discernible boundary was necessary and proclaimed a line known as the Warden Line, which divided the area between British and Basotho territories. Smithfield was placed within the British territory and became the colonial administrative centre of what was named the Caledon District. The Mohokare river, meaning "in the midst" (of Basotho territory), which ran close to Smithfield, was renamed the Caledon river, after the Earl of Caledon, British governor of the Cape Colony from 1807 to 1811.
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518:. Both sides adopted scorched-earth tactics. In particular, the Basotho destroyed farmhouses and burned large swathes of pasturage and cropland in the area between Smithfield and Reddersburg. The Boer commandos, for their part, attacked and destroyed the French Evangelical Mission station at Beersheba, near Smithfield, which the Boers considered to be sympathetic towards the Basotho.
480:
Caledon River that runs through it, was at that time occupied by herders and their cattle under the authority of the
Basotho king Moshoeshoe. In 1845, a treaty was signed between Moshoeshoe and the British colonial authorities headed by the Cape Colony governor Sir Harry Smith. The treaty recognised white occupation in the area, though no boundaries were stipulated.
617:
Smithfield is part of the impoverished
Xhariep district. It has a population of approximately 4,000 black people, and a white population of about 500. The generally run-down condition of the town is contrasted by the comparative prosperity of the surrounding wool-growing and cattle farming district.
495:
According to historical accounts, Moshoeshoe was under the impression he was authorising temporary grazing land to the settlers, while the settlers believed they had been given permanent land rights. Conflicts ensued. The
British, who at that time had taken control of the area between the Orange and
483:
In early South Africa, European notions of boundaries and private land ownership had no counterparts in
African political culture. To the local African chieftains, customary tribute in the form of horses and cattle represented acceptance by the reigning chief of land use under his authority. To both
479:
From the 1830s onwards, numbers of white settlers from the Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and started arriving in the fertile southern part of territory known as the Lower
Caledon Valley, in which the commonage of Smithfield would later be established. The Lower Caledon Valley, named after the
583:
addressed a conference in
Smithfield, where he announced plans to withdraw from the British Commonwealth and to unilaterally declare a Republic. He added that "South Africa is destined to be the country that will provide Whites all over the world with a new source of inspiration." His announcement
647:
museum is located in the town. The Carmel and
Beersheba missionary posts are situated nearby. The well-maintained local golf course dates back more than 100 years. Its facilities are open to guests, as are local tennis court and bowls club. Hills surrounding the town are considered well-suited to
626:
Smithfield is one of three towns within the municipal jurisdiction of
Mohokare Local Municipality. As a result of a municipal debt crisis, the municipality is unable to provide satisfactory basic services to its residents. These include sanitation, water, town planning and road repairs.
656:
are to be found in the open savanna Game farms such as
Letatsi is also found 25 km outside of Smithfiled, which enhances the experiences of seeing wildlife up close in game drives and also being able to do hunting in the hunting season which is normally between June–August.
529:
farm was the original site chosen in 1848 for settlement as a Dutch
Reformed (NG) church centre. However, when plots were offered for sale, there were no takers. Farmers were dissatisfied with the site (24 km west of present-day Smithfield). They then opted for
608:
bounds Smithfield on the east and south. The district is drained by various tributaries of this river, the Vinkel and Wilgeboom Spruits being the largest. As the town lies 13 km west of the river, water has to be obtained from boreholes around the town dam.
507:, the British civil commissioner of Smithfield, Charles Halse, made a personal fortune speculating in private land deals. In 1854, the British handed over the territory to the Boer republic of Orange Free State, formalised with the signing of the
665:
The Wilton/Smithfield fossil classification system takes its name in part from the town. Scientist George Stow excavated a cave near Smithfield in 1877 and found tools from the Late Stone Age which he described in his book,
538:, former governor of the Cape Colony (from 1847-1852). In the fifty years after the town was established, the Dutch Reformed Church remained a central point of the town. one of the dominees who served there was
458:. Founded in 1848 in the Orange River Sovereignty (as the region was then named), the town is situated in a rural farming district and is the third oldest town in present-day Free State, after
557:
Smithfield had a village board in 1860 but only became a municipality in 1948. In the 1870s the town was on one of the main routes to the Diamond Fields from the coast via
1349:
1163:
484:
the Boer and the British settlers, the same form of tribute was believed to constitute purchase and permanent ownership of the land under independent authority.
957:
The native races of South Africa: A history of the intrusion of the Hottentots and Bantu into the hunting grounds of the Bushmen, the aborigines of the country
635:
The town's position astride major tourist routes has lent some impetus to tourism. Smithfield hosts nine guest-houses and bed and breakfast establishments.
58:
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hiking, horse-riding and bird-watching in relative isolation. Local secondary roads and mountain trails are suitable for mountain biking.
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534:, where there was abundant water. The new town was named New Smithfield (the "New" soon fell away), apparently named after Sir
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The Royal Engineers and settlement planning in the Cape Colony 1806–1872: Approach, methodology and impact
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576:. He was the leader of the National Party from 1914 to 1939 and Prime Minister of SA from 1924 to 1929.
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A succession of wars followed from 1858 to 1868 between the Basotho kingdom and the Boer republic of
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who represented the constituency for the Oranje Unie, the South African Party, the
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The town is tucked into a horseshoe of hills, some 132 km southeast of
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A South African Kingdom: The pursuit of security in 19th century Lesotho
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751:. Morija (Lesotho): Morija Sesuto Books. pp. 144f, 252–53.
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In the period 1907 to 1939, the MP for Smithfield was General
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841:. Vol. IV. London: Allen & Unwin. pp. 225–79.
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Although land in the district belonged officially to the
704:(PhD thesis). University of Pretoria. pp. xlv–lii.
1350:
Populated places in the Mohokare Local Municipality
904:"Interesting places and things to do in Smithfield"
584:from Smithfield made international news headlines.
809:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p.
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78:Show map of Free State (South African province)
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1015:Places adjacent to Smithfield, South Africa
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939:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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674:paintings are present in nearby hills.
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868:"Magashule rebukes Mohokare over debt"
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561:, and trade was brisk in that period.
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1355:Populated places established in 1848
1264:Xhariep District within South Africa
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927:Activities in and around Smithfield
882:, (Bloemfontein), November 18, 2011
247:35.5 km (13.7 sq mi)
24:
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1172:Municipalities and communities of
579:On 19 August 1960, Prime Minister
496:Vaal Rivers, which they named the
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491:King Moshoeshoe with his advisors
27:Place in Free State, South Africa
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837:(1919). "War with the Basuto".
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691:Robson, Linda Gillian (2011).
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1:
1174:Xhariep District Municipality
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954:Stow, George William (1905).
925:Lonewolf (12 February 2019),
769:. Cambridge University Press.
677:
1075:
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975:Official Smithfield web site
765:Eldredge, Elizabeth (2002).
668:Native races of South Africa
550:was born on the nearby farm
7:
892:Accommodation in Smithfield
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602:East London, Eastern Cape
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749:Chronicles of Basutoland
613:Demographics and economy
498:Orange River Sovereignty
108:Show map of South Africa
839:History of South Africa
805:History of South Africa
729:Sum of the Main Places
509:Orange River Convention
450:is a small town in the
268:130/km (350/sq mi)
1265:
801:Beck, Roger B (2000).
747:Germond, Paul (1967).
492:
18:Smithfield, Free State
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791:. Accessed 1 May 2015
490:
167:30.21250°S 26.53139°E
960:. London: Macmillan.
835:Theal, George McCall
273:Racial makeup (2011)
265: • Density
46:Smithfield Town Hall
870:, November 18, 2011
172:-30.21250; 26.53139
163: /
1266:
980:Platteland Preview
866:, (Bloemfontein),
639:Places of interest
588:Geographic setting
493:
386: • Other
326: • Other
257: • Total
244: • Total
138:Show map of Africa
1337:
1336:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1133:
737:from Census 2011.
600:national road to
548:Christiaan de Wet
540:Rev Andrew Murray
516:Orange Free State
445:
444:
16:(Redirected from
1362:
1166:
1159:
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1095:
1094:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1069:
1053:
1052:
1023:
1009:
1002:
995:
986:
985:
962:
961:
951:
945:
944:
938:
930:
922:
916:
915:
900:
894:
889:
883:
877:
871:
861:
855:
854:, 20 August 1960
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831:
825:
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808:
798:
792:
777:
771:
770:
762:
753:
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128:
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109:
98:
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91:
79:
68:
67:
61:
44:
30:
29:
21:
1370:
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1365:
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1363:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1300:
1267:
1255:
1192:
1186:District seat:
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1170:
1140:
1135:
1127:
1116:
1110:
1079:
1034:
1016:
1013:
971:
966:
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969:External links
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789:archive.today
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781:About Lesotho
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631:Accommodation
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505:British Crown
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475:Land disputes
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280:Black African
278: •
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148:Coordinates:
146:
120:
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50:
43:
38:
31:
19:
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1124:Orange River
1122:
1118:Aliwal North
1113:Orange River
1111:
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1032:Bloemfontein
956:
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929:, Smithfield
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700:
693:"Annexure A"
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594:Bloemfontein
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574:United Party
563:
559:Aliwal North
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513:
502:
494:
482:
478:
456:South Africa
454:province of
447:
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220:Municipality
189:South Africa
1241:Reddersburg
1236:Philippolis
1129:Sterkspruit
1036:Reddersburg
912:Grahamstown
661:Archaeology
581:HF Verwoerd
536:Harry Smith
460:Philippolis
412:Postal code
231:Established
170: /
1344:Categories
1319:Smithfield
1296:Petrusburg
1251:Trompsburg
1226:Gariep Dam
1221:Fauresmith
1189:Trompsburg
1178:Free State
1072:Smithfield
1027:Trompsburg
880:The Weekly
864:The Weekly
731:Smithfield
710:2263/26503
678:References
596:along the
452:Free State
448:Smithfield
252:Population
201:Free State
158:26°31′53″E
155:30°12′45″S
132:Smithfield
102:Smithfield
72:Smithfield
34:Smithfield
1314:Rouxville
1281:Jacobsdal
1273:Letsemeng
1108:Rouxville
652:and some
554:in 1854.
532:Rietpoort
437:Area code
395:Time zone
366:Afrikaans
1306:Mohokare
1291:Luckhoff
1216:Edenburg
1211:Bethulie
1198:Kopanong
1103:Bethulie
935:citation
785:Archived
572:and the
546:General
527:Waterval
414:(street)
291:Coloured
225:Mohokare
208:District
196:Province
1329:Zastron
1324:Uitkoms
1206:Bethany
1083:Zastron
1041:Wepener
672:Bushman
650:Blesbok
566:Hertzog
552:Leeukop
470:History
464:Winburg
377:English
213:Xhariep
184:Country
817:
604:. The
425:PO box
337:(2011)
302:Indian
696:(PDF)
654:Zebra
542:.The
400:UTC+2
359:20.9%
355:Xhosa
348:66.9%
344:Sotho
317:White
306:Asian
284:91.4%
260:4,779
941:link
815:ISBN
733:and
643:The
462:and
430:9966
418:9966
404:SAST
389:2.4%
381:1.3%
370:8.4%
329:0.3%
321:3.1%
310:0.3%
295:5.0%
239:Area
234:1849
706:hdl
441:051
1346::
1176:,
937:}}
933:{{
910:.
906:.
813:.
811:74
757:^
718:^
698:.
670:.
598:N6
511:.
466:.
1165:e
1158:t
1151:v
1008:e
1001:t
994:v
943:)
823:.
712:.
708::
406:)
402:(
304:/
20:)
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