Henry Morgan - Knowledge

677:. As they stripped the city of its wealth it is probable that torture was used on the residents to uncover hidden caches of money and jewels. Zahedieh records that there were no first-hand reports from witnesses that confirmed Exquemelin's claim of widespread rape and debauchery. After an attempt by Don Agustín to recapture the city by force – his army of 800 soldiers was repelled by the privateers – he negotiated a ransom of 100,000 pesos. Following the ransom and the plunder of the city, Morgan returned to Port Royal, with between £70,000 and £100,000 of money and valuables; Zahedieh reports that the figures were more than the agricultural output of Jamaica, and nearly half Barbados's sugar exports. Each privateer received £120 – equivalent to five or six times the average annual earnings of a sailor of the time. Morgan received a five per cent share for his work; Modyford received a ten per cent share, which was the price of Morgan's letter of marque. As Morgan had overstepped the limits of his commission, Modyford reported back to London that he had "reproved" him for his actions although, Zahedieh observes, in Britain "Morgan was widely viewed as a national hero and neither he nor Modyford were rebuked for their actions". 939:, arrived at Old Panama City on 27 January 1671; they camped overnight before attacking the following day. They were opposed by approximately 1,200 Spanish infantry and 400 cavalry; most were inexperienced. Morgan sent a 300-strong party of men down a ravine that led to the foot of a small hill on the Spanish right flank. As they disappeared from view, the Spanish front line thought the privateers were retreating, and the left wing broke rank and chased, followed by the remainder of the defending infantry. They were met with well-organised firing from Morgan's main force of troops. When the party came into view at the end of the ravine, they were charged by the Spanish cavalry, but organised fire destroyed the cavalry and the party attacked the flank of the main Spanish force. In an effort to disorganise Morgan's forces, the governor of Panama released two herds of oxen and bulls onto the battlefield; scared by the noise of the gunfire, they turned and stampeded over their keepers and some of the remaining Spanish troops. The battle was a rout: the Spanish lost between 400 and 500 men, against 15 privateers killed. 1096:. Criticism of Morgan's governance was also fomented in London by two former governors of Jamaica, Carbery and Lynch. After Lynch paid £50,000 to Charles II, Morgan's commissions as lieutenant-governor and lieutenant-general were revoked and Lynch was appointed as the island's governor; Morgan still retained his position on the Assembly of Jamaica. Morgan had been a heavy drinker for several years; he felt his reputation tarnished and received the news of the revocation of his positions badly, increasing his intake of alcohol to the point where his health began to suffer. Lynch removed Morgan's supporters from the Assembly of Jamaica by 1683, and in October that year he removed Morgan and his brother-in-law, leaving the assembly packed with men loyal to him. In 1684 Lynch died, and was temporarily replaced as governor by his friend, the lieutenant-general, 846:, tried to move away from the burning vessel, but a problem with the rigging meant they drifted aimlessly; privateers boarded the ship, fixed the rigging and claimed the craft as plunder. The third Spanish vessel was also sunk by the privateers. Morgan still needed to pass the San Carlos de la Barra Fortress, but was still out-gunned by the stronghold, which had the ability to destroy the privateer fleet if it tried to pass. The privateer decided to negotiate, and threatened to sack and burn Maracaibo if he was not allowed to pass. Although Espinosa refused to negotiate, the citizens of Maracaibo entered into talks with Morgan, and agreed to pay him 20,000 pesos and 500 head of cattle if he agreed to leave the city intact. During the course of the negotiations with the Maracaibos, Morgan had undertaken salvage operations on 574: 613: 1044: 823: 803:

Alonso del Campo y Espinosa, had 126 cannon with which to attack Morgan, and had re-armed San Carlos de la Barra Fortress. The Spaniards had orders to end piracy in the Caribbean, and negotiations between Morgan and Espinosa continued for a week. The final offer put by the Spanish commander was for Morgan to leave all their spoils and slaves and to return to Jamaica unmolested, but no agreement was reached that would allow Morgan and his men to pass the fleet with their spoils but without attack. Morgan put the Spaniards' offers to his men, who voted instead to fight their way out. As they were heavily outgunned, one privateer suggested that a

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tortured to find where money or treasure had been hidden. Satisfied he had stolen all he could, he sailed south across Lake Maracaibo, to Gibraltar. The town's occupants refused to surrender, and the fort fired enough of a barrage to ensure Morgan kept his distance. He anchored a short distance away and his men landed by canoe and assaulted the town from the landward approach. He met scant resistance, as many of the occupants had fled into the surrounding jungle. He spent five weeks in Gibraltar, and there was again evidence that torture was used to force residents to reveal hidden money and valuables.

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are reliable reports that it was carried out in Panama. The historian Patrick Pringle observes that while torture seems cruel and ruthless to contemporary eyes, it was an accepted part of judicial interrogation in many European countries at the time. Morgan always fought with a commission from the governor of Jamaica. In doing so, he was acting as a reserve naval force for the English government in the defence of Jamaica. As the Spanish did not recognise privateering as a legal activity, even if a captain carried letters of marque, they considered Morgan to be a pirate, something he firmly rejected.

880: 901:, ordered attacks on English shipping in the Caribbean. The first action took place in March 1670 when Spanish privateers attacked English trade ships. In response Modyford commissioned Morgan "to do and perform all manner of exploits, which may tend to the preservation and quiet of this island". By December Morgan was sailing toward the Spanish Main with a fleet of over 30 English and French ships carrying a large number of privateers. Zahedieh observes that the army of privateers was the largest that had gathered in the Caribbean at the time, which was "a mark of Morgan's renown". 943: 1254: 928:, on the Pacific coast. Much of the journey was on foot, through dense rainforests and swamps. The governor of Panama had been forewarned of a potential attack, and had sent Spanish troops to attack Morgan and his men along the route. The privateers transferred to canoes to complete part of the journey, but were still able to beat off the ambushes with ease. After three days, with the river difficult to navigate in places, and with the jungle thinning out, Morgan landed his men and travelled overland across the remaining part of the 968: 609:, who sailed with Morgan, "It caused a general resentment and grief, to see such a small booty". When Morgan reported the taking of Puerto Principe to Modyford, he informed the governor that they had evidence that the Spanish were planning an attack on British territory: "we found seventy men had been pressed to go against Jamaica ... and considerable forces were expected from Vera Cruz and Campeachy ... and from Porto Bello and Cartagena to rendezvous at St Jago of Cuba ". 785: 601:

remit and raided a city, any resultant plunder would be retained by the privateers. Rogoziński observes that "attacks on cities were illegal piracy – but extremely profitable", although Zahedieh records that if Morgan was able to provide evidence of a potential Spanish attack, the attacks on cities were justifiable under the terms of his commission. Morgan's initial plan was to attack Havana, but, on discovering it was heavily defended, changed the target to

1297: 1104: 7837: 7849: 666: 646:, and on one of the main routes of trade between the Spanish territories and Spain. Because of the value of the goods passing through its port, Porto Bello was protected by two castles in the harbour and another in the town. The 200 French privateers, unhappy with the division of the treasure and the murder of their countryman, left Morgan's service and returned to Tortuga. Morgan and his ships briefly landed at Port Royal before leaving for Porto Bello. 5430: 692: 462: 58: 6731: 5419: 1269:

portrayed him as a cruel and unscrupulous villain", which subsequently affected historians' view of Morgan. Allen observes that, partly because of Exquemelin, Morgan has not been well-served by historians. He cites the examples of the historians whose biographies were so flawed they wrote that Morgan had died in either London, prison or the Tower of London. These included Charles Leslie,

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evening, with Spanish forces deployed to repel a landing, Morgan's fleet raised anchor without unfurling their sails; the fleet moved on the tide, raising sail only when it had moved level with the fortress, and Morgan and his men made their way back to Port Royal unscathed. Zahedieh considers the escape showed Morgan's "characteristic cunning and audacity".

1002:, ordered Morgan's arrest despite his unfailing loyalty to the English crown. In April 1672 the privateer admiral was returned to London where, Barbour writes, he was "handsomely lionized ... as the hero on whom Drake's mantle had fallen". Although some sources state that Morgan was incarcerated in the 765:, 20 miles (32 km) outside the city, on the approach. Talty states that the fortress was placed in an excellent position to defend the town, but that the Spanish had undermanned it, leaving only nine men to load and fire the fortress's 11 guns. Under covering cannon fire from the privateer's flagship, 959:

Exquemelin's memoirs, that Morgan left with the majority of the plunder. He arrived back in Port Royal on 12 March to a positive welcome from the town's inhabitants. The following month he made his official report to the governing Council of Jamaica, and received their formal thanks and congratulations.

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stone buildings remained standing afterwards. Much of Panama's wealth was destroyed in the conflagration, although some had been removed by ships, before the privateers arrived. The privateers spent three weeks in Panama and plundered what they could from the ruins. Morgan's second-in-command, Captain

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and Joe Bonni, pirates are defined as "bandits, or sailors who seize property and/or people by force"; privateers are defined as those "who operate with a legal license from a state government to attack enemy ships and ports during wartime, keeping a contracted share of seized goods". Dawdy and Bonni

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a man of courage, determination, bravery, and ... charisma. He was a planner, a brilliant military strategist and intensely loyal to the king, to England and to Jamaica. ... But unlike so many of the Brethren, he was flexible and adaptable, able to see that the future for Jamaica lay not in

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In his will, signed on 17 June 1688, Morgan left his Jamaican property to his godsons Charles Byndloss and Henry Archbold, on condition they adopted the surname of Morgan. These were the children of his two cousins Anna Petronilla Byndloss and Johanna Archbold. To his sister Catherine Loyd he awarded

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In July 1676 Carbery called for a hearing against Morgan in front of the Assembly of Jamaica, accusing him of collaborating with the French to attack Spanish interests. Morgan admitted he had met the French officials, but indicated that this was diplomatic relations, rather than anything duplicitous.

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Exquemelin wrote that in order to take the third castle, Morgan ordered the construction of ladders wide enough for three men to climb abreast; when they were completed he "commanded all the religious men and women whom he had taken prisoners to fix them against the walls of the castle ... these

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On 11 July 1668 Morgan anchored short of Porto Bello and transferred his men to 23 canoes, which they paddled to within three miles (4.8 km) of the target. They landed and approached the first castle from the landward side, where they arrived half an hour before dawn. They took the three castles

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Morgan's letter of marque gave him permission to attack Spanish ships at sea; there was no permission for attacks on land. Any plunder obtained from the attacks would be split between the government and the owners of the ships rented by the privateers. If the privateers stepped outside their official

445:, where he was sold as a servant. In the 17th century the Caribbean offered an opportunity for young men to become rich quickly, although significant investment was needed to obtain high returns from the sugar export economy. Other opportunities for financial gain were through trade or plunder of the 588:

and Spain were worsening, and rumours began to circulate in Jamaica about a possible Spanish invasion. Modyford authorised privateers to take action against the Spanish, and issued a letter of marque to Morgan "to draw together the English privateers and take prisoners of the Spanish nation, whereby

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to a maker of cutlery for three years in exchange for the cost of his emigration. Richard Browne, who served as surgeon under Morgan in 1670 stated that Morgan had travelled either as a "private gentleman" soon after the 1655 capture of Jamaica by the English, or he may have been abducted in Bristol

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Exquemelin wrote that Morgan's men undertook widespread torture in several of the towns they captured. According to Stephen Snelders, in his history of piracy, the Spanish reports of Morgan's raids do not refer to torture being practiced on the residents of Porto Bello or Gibraltar – although there

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large numbers of Africans. He left most of his estate to his wife for her lifetime. On her death, most of his land and slaves were passed to his nephew Charles, second son of Robert Byndloss, who served as Chief Justice of Jamaica in 1681. Morgan also left a parcel of land in the now-defunct parish

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The destruction of Panama so soon after the signing of the treaty led to what Allen describes as "a crisis in international affairs" between England and Spain. The English government heard rumours from their ambassadors in Europe that the Spanish were considering war. In an attempt to appease them,

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Panama's governor had sworn to burn down the city if his troops lost to the privateers, and he had placed barrels of gunpowder around the largely wooden buildings. These were detonated by the captain of artillery after Morgan's victory; the resultant fires lasted until the following day. Only a few

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After the action, one of the English privateers quarrelled with one of his French shipmates and stabbed him in the back, killing him. Before a riot between the French and English sailors could begin, Morgan arrested the English sailor, and promised the French sailors that the man would be hanged on

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Morgan observed that Espinosa had set his cannon for a landward attack from the privateers – as they had done previously. The privateers faked a landing of their forces. The fort and its battlements were stripped of men as the Spanish prepared for a night assault from the English forces. That

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To this end, a crew of 12 prepared a ship that had been seized in Gibraltar. They disguised vertical logs of wood with headwear, to make the Spaniards believe that the vessel was fully crewed. To make it look more heavily armed, additional portholes were cut in the hull and logs placed to resemble

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The size of Morgan's force differs between sources. Breverton states that Morgan commanded a fleet of 36 English and French ships carrying more than 1,800 privateers; Pope gives the figures of 36 ships and 1,846 men; Thomas writes that it was 37 ships with "2,000 fighting men, beside mariners and

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lean, sallow-coloured, his eyes a little yellowish and belly jutting out or prominent ... He complained to me of want of appetite for victuals, he had a kicking ... to vomit every morning and generally a small looseness attending him, and withal is much given to drinking and sitting up

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voted Morgan an annual salary of £600 "for his good services to the country"; the move angered Carbery, who did not get on with Morgan. Carbery later complained of his deputy that he was "every day more convinced of ... imprudence and unfitness to have anything to do with civil government".

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Hostilities between the English and Dutch in 1664 led to a change in government policy: colonial governors were now authorised to issue letters of marque against the Dutch. Many of the privateers, including Morgan, did not take up the letters, although an expedition to conquer the Dutch island of

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Four days after he left Maracaibo, Morgan returned. He was told that a Spanish defence squadron, the Armada de Barlovento, was waiting for him at the narrow passage between the Caribbean and Lake Maracaibo, where the San Carlos de la Barra Fortress was sited. The forces, under the command of Don

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in February 1664 with instructions to limit the activities of the privateers; he made a proclamation against their activities on 11 June 1664, but economic practicalities led to his reversing the policy by the end of the month. About 1,500 privateers used Jamaica as a base for their activity and

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Although Morgan had been ordered to eradicate piracy from Jamaican waters, he continued his friendly relations with many privateer captains, and invested in some of their ships. Zahedieh estimates that there were 1,200 privateers operating in the Caribbean at the time, and Port Royal was their

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Morgan arrived at Maracaibo to find the city largely deserted, its residents having been forewarned of his approach by the fortress's troops. He spent three weeks sacking the city. Privateers searched the surrounding jungle to find the escapees; they, and some of the remaining occupants, were

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Rogoziński observes that Morgan is probably the "best-known pirate" because of Exquemelin's book, although, Cordingly writes that Exquemelin bore a grudge over what he saw was Morgan's theft of the bounty from Panama. His experience explains "why he painted such a black picture of Morgan and

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The value of treasure Morgan collected during his expedition is disputed. Talty writes that the figures range from 140,000 to 400,000 pesos, and that owing to the large army Morgan assembled, the prize-per-man was relatively low, causing discontent. There were accusations, particularly in

850:, and secured 15,000 pesos from the wreck. Before taking any action, Morgan tallied his takings and divided it equally between his ships, to ensure that it was not all lost if one ship was sunk; it totalled 250,000 pesos, and a huge quantity of merchandise and a number of local slaves. 1129:

he stated that he had "against evil deeds, piracies and robberies the greatest abhorrence and distrust", and that "for the kind of men called buccaneers", he "always had and still has hatred". The court found in his favour and the book was retracted; damages of £200 were paid to him.

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Morgan probably remained at liberty throughout his time in London, and the political mood changed in his favour. Arlington asked him to write a memorandum for the King on improving Jamaica's defences. Although Morgan was never charged with an offence, he gave informal evidence to the

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were forced, at the head of the companies to raise and apply them to the walls ... Thus many of the religious men and nuns were killed". Terry Breverton, in his biography of Morgan, writes that when a translation of Exquemelin's book was published in England, Morgan sued for

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Thomas opines that while Morgan drank to excess, "the drinking was not that of a sad man or a man that drank to forget; it was because he was a larger than life character who spent many of his evenings smoking and drinking, exchanging stories of wild adventures with his

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he might inform of the intention of that enemy to attack Jamaica, of which I have frequent and strong advice". He was given the rank of admiral and, in January 1668, assembled 10 ships and 500 men for the task; he was subsequently joined by 2 more ships and 200 men from

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to Henry, a common practice in an age of English dominance. Two months later, Morgan and Carbery left for Jamaica. They were accompanied by Modyford, released from the Tower of London without charge and made the Chief Justice of Jamaica. They travelled on board the

1186:, to his friend, Roger Elletson, ancestor of a future governor of Jamaica with the same name. Morgan's will was probated in 1689, and at his death he owned title to 131 Africans as slaves on his estates, 64 men and 67 women, including 33 children, valued at £1,923. 1087:

in 1678 and 1680 – both during his periods as temporary governor of the island – because of the threat of invasion, re-built the fortifications surrounding the town, and increased the number of cannon from 60 to more than 100 in the five years up to 1680.

861:, and English foreign policy had changed accordingly. Modyford admonished Morgan for his action, which had gone beyond his commission, and revoked the letters of marque; no official action was taken against any of the privateers. Morgan invested a share of his 551:, the main city, either after he decided that it was too well defended or that there was insufficient plunder. Alternatively, Jan Rogoziński and Stephan Talty, in their histories of Morgan and piracy, record that during the year, Morgan oversaw the Port Royal 1213:

His will initially left his plantations and slaves to his wife, Mary Elizabeth, but because they were childless, on her death his estate was to pass to his nephews, the children of his brother-in-law Byndloss. The burial of Lady Morgan was recorded in

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Morgan and his allies on the Assembly of Jamaica made earnest efforts to deal with privateers and pirates. However, he was soon undermined by his secretary Rowland Powell, who forged his name to an illegal proclamation establishing the monopoly of the

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Rogoziński observes that Morgan does not appear in later fictional works as much as other pirates because of his "ambiguous mixture of charismatic leadership and selfish treachery", although his name and persona have featured in literature, including

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and the town quickly. The privateers lost 18 men, with a further 32 wounded; Zahedieh considers the action at Porto Bello displayed a "clever cunning and expert timing which marked ... brilliance as a military commander".

728:, which had been sent to Port Royal to aid in any defence of Jamaica. Modyford sent the vessel to Morgan, who made it his flagship. On 2 January 1669 Morgan called a council of war for all his captains, which took place on 1035:, which held cannon and shot meant to boost Port Royal's defences. The ship foundered on the rocks of Île-à-Vache and Morgan and the crew were temporarily stranded on the island until picked up by a passing merchant ship. 477:

attacking Spanish cities and settlements in the Caribbean and Central America when England was at war with Spain. It is likely that in 1663 Morgan captained one of the ships in Myngs' fleet, and took part in the attack on

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which gave him a licence to attack and seize vessels, normally of a specified country, or with conditions attached. A portion of all spoils obtained by the privateers was given to the sovereign or the issuing ambassador.

1137:. He dismissed Molesworth and gave Morgan an unofficial role as advisor. In July 1688 Albemarle persuaded the king to allow Morgan to regain a position on the Assembly, but the former privateer was too ill to attend. 403:, observes that attempts to identify his parents and antecedents "have all proved unsatisfactory", although his will referred to distant relations. Several sources state Morgan's father was Robert Morgan, a farmer. 524:] place for an attack on the Spanish Indies". Morgan's activities over the following two years are not documented, but in early 1666 he was married in Port Royal to his cousin, Mary Morgan, the daughter of 736:

destroyed the ship and over 200 of its crew. Morgan and the captains seated on one side of the table were blown into the water and survived; the four captains on the other side of the table were all killed.

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in modern-day Venezuela. The French captain knew the approaches to the lagoon, through a narrow and shallow channel. Since l'Olonnais and the French captain had visited Maracaibo, the Spanish had built the

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believes that pirates and privateers were generally shrewd businessmen, far removed from the modern, romanticised view of them as murderous brigands. The anthropologist Anne M. Galvin and the historian

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brought much revenue to the island. As the planting community of 5,000 was still new and developing, the revenue from the privateers was needed to avoid economic collapse. A privateer was granted a

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suit against the book's English publishers, but Exquemelin's portrayal has negatively shifted the public's, and history's, view of Morgan as a scoundrel. His life was further romanticised after his

769:, Morgan and his men landed on the beach and stormed the fortification; they found it empty when they eventually breached its defences. A search soon found that the Spanish had left a slow-burning 1060:

preferred destination. These had a welcome in the city if Morgan received the dues owed to him. As Morgan was no longer able to issue letters of marque to privateer captains, his brother-in-law,

1206:, and laid Morgan's body at King's House for the public to pay respects. An amnesty was declared so that pirates and privateers could pay their respects without fear of arrest. He was buried at 1014:

that he had no knowledge of the Treaty of Madrid prior to his attack on Panama. Unhappy with Lynch's conduct in Jamaica, the King and his advisers decided in January 1674 to replace him with

1415:, the multinational drinks company based in London. The name of Morgan has been attached to local sites in the Caribbean, such as Morgan's Bridge, Morgan's Pass and Morgan's Valley in 1239:

immediately after the main shock. Palisadoes cemetery, including Morgan's grave, was one of the parts of the city to fall into the sea; his body has never been subsequently located.

955:, supervised the torture of some of the city's residents; Morgan's fleet surgeon, Richard Browne, later wrote that at Panama, Morgan "was noble enough to the vanquished enemy". 1569:

define buccaneers as "originally castaway colonists (usually French or English) on Hispanio (from French) who survived by hunting or raising livestock", although the historian

982:. The pact aimed to establish peace in the Caribbean between the two countries; it included an agreement to revoke all letters of marque and similar commissions. The historian 4056:

The Buccaneers of America: A True Account of the Most Remarkable Assaults Committed of Late Years Upon the Coasts of the West Indies by the Buccaneers of Jamaica and Tortuga

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considers it probable that one of the Spanish conditions was the removal of Modyford from the Governorship. Modyford was arrested and sent to England by his replacement Sir

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Galvin, Anne M. (Summer 2012). "Caribbean Piracies/Social Mobilities: Some Commonalities Between Colonial Privateers and Entrepreneurial 'Profiteers' in the 21st Century".

1334:(1929), both of which are based in large part on Morgan's career. Morgan and stories of a hidden haul of treasure also feature to a lesser extent in other works, including 744:

meant Morgan's flotilla was too small to attempt an attack on Cartagena. Instead he was persuaded by a French captain under his command to repeat the actions of the pirate

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cemetery, Port Royal, followed by a 22-gun salute from the ships moored in the harbour. Morgan was a wealthy man when he died. His personal wealth was valued at £5,263.

413:, states that details of Morgan's early life and career are uncertain, although in later life he stated that he had left school early and was "much more used to the 1443:; Galvin wrote that Morgan pursued "social mobility through self-interested acts of outlawry, political wiles, and business acumen". Glenn Blalock, writing for the 518:

with a large cargo of valuables. Modyford was impressed enough with the spoils to report back to the government that "Central America was the properest [

6793: 6783: 1145:; he also saw Morgan was drinking to excess and ordered him to reduce his alcohol intake, a directive which Morgan ignored. Sloane described his patient as 673:

Morgan and his men remained in Porto Bello for a month. He wrote to Don Agustín, the acting president of Panama, to demand a ransom for the city of 350,000

4812: 4772: 4600: 4466: 5167: 1171:, where they were able to stay out of his reach. However, Morgan failed in his attempts to capture de Serras and subdue his community of runaway slaves. 1125:). Morgan took steps to discredit the book and successfully brought a libel suit against the book's publishers William Crooke and Thomas Malthus. In his 842:

was shortly aflame; Espinosa abandoned his flagship and made his way to the fort, where he continued to direct events. The second-largest Spanish ship,

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Sources differ about Morgan's activities in 1666. H. R. Allen, in his biography of Morgan, considers the privateer was the second-in-command to Captain

605:(now Camagüey), a town 50 miles (80 km) inland. Morgan and his men took the town, but the treasure obtained was less than hoped for. According to 1679:

Some sources, including Breverton and Allen, state that there were only ten survivors from a crew of 350; Pope states that more than 250 were killed.

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The Devil's Anarchy: The Sea Robberies of the Most Famous Pirate Claes G. Compaen, and The Very Remarkable Travels of Jan Erasmus Reyning, Buccaneer

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plunder or pillage but in peaceful trade. ... He was also an adept politician and held office longer than any of the governors of his time.

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at Port Royal was partly constructed under his leadership. It was around this time that Morgan purchased his first plantation on Jamaica.

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By the late 1670s France became an increasing threat in the Caribbean, and Morgan took control of the defence of Port Royal. He declared

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was concerned about the Spanish attitude to the fledgling English territories in the Caribbean. He instructed the governor of Jamaica,

7943: 7133: 1447:, claims that Morgan was a hero to many Jamaicans and British both for his exploits as a buccaneer and for defending Jamaica for the 1392: 1386: 815:

cannons. Barrels of powder were placed in the ship and grappling irons laced into the ships rigging, to catch the ropes and sails of

528:, the island's Deputy Governor; the marriage gave Henry access to the upper levels of Jamaican society. The couple had no children. 7760: 1134: 686: 294: 4523: 3406: 3404: 3402: 1072:

In the summer of 1677 the Lords of Trade said they had yet to come to a decision on the matter and in early 1678 the king and the

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Pringle identifies legal use of judicial torture in Scotland until 1708, in France until 1789 and the Spanish – as part of the

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Information on the year of Morgan's birth is unreliable; in a deposition sworn in November 1671 he gave his age as 36.

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It is unknown how Morgan made his way to the Caribbean. He may have travelled to the Caribbean as part of the army of

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Carbery also wrote to the Secretary of State to bemoan Morgan's "drinking and gaming at the taverns" of Port Royal.

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and then buried so they could not be used against the privateers when they returned from the rest of their mission.

324:; the Welshman was popularly celebrated as a hero, no less, and soon regained the favour of the government and King 7953: 7893: 7687: 7509: 6813: 6201: 5799: 5741: 889: 17: 7791: 5763: 5746: 920:, which he garrisoned to protect his line of retreat. On 9 January 1671, with his remaining men, he ascended the 916:, the port from which ships were loaded with goods to transport back to Spain. Morgan took the town and occupied 909: 788: 762: 225:, or how the Welshman began his career as a privateer. He was probably a member of a group of raiders led by Sir 1803: 1133:

In December 1687 Lynch's permanent replacement arrived in Port George, Morgan's friend from his time in London,

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Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1898. June 13, Sir Henry Morgan to pp. 65–80.

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of St George to another Robert Byndloss (born c. 1673) the eldest son of his brother-in-law Robert Byndloss.

400: 31: 822: 7898: 7474: 7355: 6549: 5725: 5688: 5489: 1215: 1052: 917: 913: 348: 344: 6948: 1451:. However, some Jamaicans see Morgan as a "criminal pirate" who sought to maintain the system of slavery. 7948: 7117: 6763: 6356: 5323: 4398: 429: 4372: 7963: 7923: 7801: 7190: 7004: 6758: 5864: 5758: 5499: 4735: 4498: 1637:

Rogoziński points out that the erroneous report of Morgan's presence on Mansvelt's expedition was from

1493: 1183: 858: 396: 1423:, Honduras, the Port Morgan resort located in Haiti and Captain Morgan's Retreat and Vacation Club on 7883: 7530: 7262: 7239: 6940: 6838: 6753: 6748: 6146: 5481: 4890: 4749: 1416: 1350: 1159:

By the 1670s and 1680s, Morgan, as owner of three large plantations, led three campaigns against the

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During Morgan's absence from Jamaica, news reached the island that England and Spain had signed the

838:

On 1 May 1669 Morgan and his flotilla attacked the Spanish squadron. The fire ship plan worked, and

745: 638:

After dividing the spoils of the conquest of Puerto del Príncipe, Morgan announced a plan to attack

7786: 7234: 7142: 7123: 7073: 6987: 6569: 5711: 5233: 4030: 1720:

The treaty was signed on 8 July 1670 and was published in the Caribbean in either May or July 1671.

1484: 1368: 1340: 1168: 525: 392: 214: 91: 7093: 1602:, to put military pressure on the Spaniards in order to retain the English presence in the region. 7811: 7796: 7693: 7150: 7083: 6833: 6808: 6768: 6665: 6371: 5696: 5293: 5137: 5053: 4563:

Folliott, Kathryn (30 October 2014). "Orlando tailors promotion to Canadians Picks of the Week".

1232: 987: 979: 952: 884: 717:, the richest and most important city on the Spanish Main. In December he was joined by a former 713:, a small island he used as a rendezvous point. His plan was to attack the Spanish settlement of 709:

Morgan did not stay long in Port Royal and in October 1668 sailed with ten ships and 800 men for

483: 453:, whereby individuals and ships were commissioned by government to attack the country's enemies. 317: 6216: 5961: 4288:

Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend: An A–Z Encyclopedia

1117:

In 1684 an account of Morgan's exploits was published by Exquemelin, in a Dutch volume entitled

7903: 7573: 7516: 7113: 7050: 6878: 6823: 6778: 6773: 6743: 6554: 5338: 5333: 5001: 1612: 556: 473:

It is probable that in the early 1660s Morgan was active with a group of privateers led by Sir

4692: 4670: 3410: 437: 7873: 7666: 7656: 7551: 7290: 6956: 6868: 6853: 6594: 6346: 6306: 6276: 6221: 6211: 6021: 5981: 5794: 5614: 5584: 5559: 5457: 5343: 5303: 5193: 4714: 4544: 1595: 1362: 1356: 1320: 1305: 1093: 971: 325: 4307: 4198: 4158: 4115: 4075: 4054: 4009: 3969: 7878: 7544: 7203: 6995: 6964: 6911: 6818: 6738: 6637: 6121: 5951: 5946: 5784: 5631: 5542: 5537: 5494: 4050: 1638: 1257: 879: 827: 753: 733: 699: 606: 511: 356: 286: 63: 6231: 6101: 1698:

boys"; while Zahedieh and Cordingly separately put the figures at 38 ships with 2,000 men.

487: 8: 7938: 7888: 7605: 7450: 7360: 7208: 6982: 6883: 6693: 5966: 5854: 5753: 5552: 5393: 4077:

Iberia and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia

1753: 1625: 1076:

recalled Carbery from Jamaica, leaving Morgan as governor for three months. In July 1678

905: 714: 498: 242: 5941: 5859: 5829: 1419:, Morgan's Harbour Hotel and Beach Club in Kingston, the Hotel Henry Morgan, located in 1068:

to have a letter issued; Byndloss and Morgan received a commission for each one signed.

942: 778: 639: 617: 266: 7765: 7755: 7722: 7467: 7375: 7330: 7320: 7213: 7177: 7168: 7098: 7035: 6969: 6848: 6798: 6788: 6316: 6301: 6166: 6151: 6071: 6011: 5976: 5313: 5308: 5288: 5218: 5010: 4987: 4952: 4944: 4915: 4907: 4873: 4527: 4245: 3948: 3927:

The Maroons of Jamaica 1655–1796: a History of Resistance, Collaboration & Betrayal

1374: 1253: 1109: 898: 585: 246: 131: 6386: 5248: 883:

Morgan burning Panama City buildings, 1671 (c. 1736 engraving used to illustrate

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and other offences, including during the infamous raid on Panama City. Morgan won a

7816: 7615: 7537: 7523: 7410: 7390: 7285: 7128: 7088: 6906: 6888: 6843: 6700: 6672: 6630: 6476: 6461: 6426: 6411: 6391: 6376: 6311: 6281: 6241: 6126: 6091: 6076: 5661: 5569: 5450: 5283: 5223: 4977: 4936: 4899: 4865: 4817: 4777: 4671: 4605: 4471: 1488:

state that for 400 years, "Monmouthshire was considered administratively a part of

1236: 1160: 710: 503: 479: 254: 4836: 4796: 4739: 4624: 4490: 1167:. Morgan achieved some success against the Maroons, who withdrew further into the 7852: 7806: 7770: 7745: 7568: 7488: 7481: 7400: 7395: 7365: 7350: 7315: 7162: 7158: 7154: 7146: 6651: 6491: 6446: 6441: 6421: 6296: 6271: 6246: 5926: 5921: 5874: 5844: 5671: 5589: 5547: 5532: 5388: 5253: 4719: 4697: 4652: 3944: 3256:

Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 11, 1681–1685.

1400: 1315: 1300: 1065: 1061: 1019: 1003: 590: 540: 494: 425: 421: 332: 238: 6186: 4329:

Empire of Blue Water: Henry Morgan and the Pirates Who Ruled the Caribbean Waves

925: 857:

During his absence from Port Royal, a pro-Spanish faction had gained the ear of

642:(now in modern-day Panama). The city was the third largest and strongest on the 305: 7385: 6974: 6599: 6481: 6406: 6381: 6341: 6056: 6016: 5971: 5916: 5911: 5594: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5398: 5358: 5328: 5268: 5238: 5198: 4851: 4821: 4781: 4609: 4475: 4393: 1666:, the main currency used by the Spanish; English merchants and government used 1663: 1448: 1424: 1404: 1348:'s 1920 poem "Captain Stratton's Fancy". Screen renditions of his life include 1345: 1325: 1195: 1164: 1023: 1011: 983: 831: 757: 533: 446: 404: 360: 290: 165: 7380: 4982: 4965: 4806: 4766: 4594: 4460: 962: 194:, he and those under his command raided settlements and shipping ports on the 7867: 7841: 7625: 7345: 7340: 7300: 6609: 6564: 6544: 6516: 6401: 6351: 6331: 6251: 6096: 6051: 6006: 5901: 5824: 5789: 5641: 5433: 5403: 5278: 5273: 4247:

The Buccaneer King: The Biography of the Notorious Sir Henry Morgan 1635–1688

4218: 1766: 1670:. In the late 17th century the peso was worth between five and six shillings. 1544:

The Buccaneer King: The Biography of the Notorious Sir Henry Morgan 1635–1688

1440: 1203: 1073: 936: 921: 536:

led to the death of Morgan's father-in-law, who was leading a 600-man force.

414: 320:, and, to appease the Spanish, Morgan was arrested and summoned to London in 4999:

Patel, Samir S. (March–April 2013). "Pirates of the Original Panama Canal".

2588: 1688:

For his failure in his action, Espinosa was arrested and sent back to Spain.

784: 7705: 7630: 7420: 7370: 7310: 7305: 7295: 6901: 6828: 6707: 6658: 6644: 6559: 6521: 6496: 6451: 6436: 6416: 6336: 6236: 6226: 6176: 6171: 6161: 6131: 6046: 5906: 5814: 5706: 5621: 5574: 5408: 5373: 5353: 5348: 5298: 5208: 4000: 1431: 865:

in an 836-acre (338 ha) plantation – his second such investment.

659: 643: 316:, located on the Pacific coast. This event occurred after the signing of a 195: 180: 6366: 5145: 4940: 4903: 1411:, named after the privateer. In 2001 the Captain Morgan brand was sold to 1296: 1103: 624:

his return to Port Royal. Morgan kept his word and the sailor was hanged.

7620: 7595: 7583: 7445: 6431: 6361: 6156: 6136: 6086: 6001: 5991: 5768: 5318: 5263: 5228: 4240: 4135: 1708: 1645:, although there is no record of Morgan's being part of Mansvelt's group. 1570: 1539: 1335: 1330: 1282: 1235:. About two-thirds of the town, amounting to 33 acres (13 ha), sank into 1138: 1084: 967: 862: 433: 222: 199: 5014: 4991: 4948: 4911: 4350:(Kindle ed.). Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Maritime. 1384:(1976). Morgan has also been featured in several video games, including 602: 577: 258: 7717: 7651: 7415: 7275: 7195: 7138: 6858: 6539: 6501: 6466: 6261: 6081: 6061: 6031: 6026: 5986: 5931: 5869: 5849: 5834: 5646: 5604: 5368: 5363: 5243: 5213: 5203: 4877: 3990: 3950:

Under the Black Flag: The Romance and Reality of Life Among the Pirates

1497: 1207: 1199: 1150:

late, which I supposed had been the cause of his present indisposition.

1027: 774: 718: 665: 548: 515: 388: 191: 83: 3505: 544: 7600: 6679: 6291: 6196: 6066: 6036: 5609: 5564: 5258: 3971:

World Cruising Routes: 1000 Sailing Routes in All Oceans of the World

3784: 1436: 1126: 804: 792: 749: 703: 695: 691: 450: 282: 278: 183: 4869: 4715:"Jamaica Gleaner: Pieces of the Past: Henry Morgan, The Pirate King" 1420: 777:

as a trap for the buccaneers, which Morgan extinguished. The fort's

461: 7578: 7425: 7405: 7270: 6256: 6206: 6111: 5996: 5579: 4032:

The Sack of Panamá: Captain Morgan and the Battle for the Caribbean

442: 4200:

Backstory: Interviews with Screenwriters of Hollywood's Golden Age

1785:

were adapted from the respective Sabatini novels of the same name.

543:. Mansvelt had been issued a letter of marque for the invasion of 213:

Much of Morgan's early life is unknown; he was born in an area of

62:

Welsh buccaneer Henry Morgan from Piratas de la America (1681) by

6714: 6321: 5656: 5636: 4160:

The Buccaneer's Realm: Pirate Life on the Spanish Main, 1674–1688

1501: 721: 552: 364: 218: 203: 87: 4888:; Bonni, Joe (June 2012). "Towards a General Theory of Piracy". 4011:

And a Bottle of Rum: A History of the New World in Ten Cocktails

1141:, Albemarle's private physician, inspected Morgan and diagnosed 1018:

with Morgan sent as his deputy. King Charles appointed Morgan a

7712: 7610: 6589: 6471: 5956: 5651: 5626: 5473: 5176: 3724: 1412: 376: 270: 120: 57: 6730: 5418: 3387: 1711:

six miles down the coast in a more easily defendable position.

1667: 1492:". Since the early 20th century it has been administered as a 7440: 6456: 6396: 5839: 5666: 3637: 3213: 2295: 2208: 1489: 1175: 1142: 655: 594: 368: 230: 3908:

Admiral Sir Henry Morgan: The Greatest Buccaneer of them all

3859: 3303: 2703: 2701: 2699: 1962: 1960: 1581:

have been interchangeable in English since the 17th century.

1551:

Admiral Sir Henry Morgan: The Greatest Buccaneer of them all

27:

Privateer and political office holder in Jamaica (1635–1688)

6041: 4854:(April 1911). "Privateers and Pirates of the West Indies". 3676: 3577: 3517: 3126: 3018: 2982: 2624: 2564: 2552: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1525:

Zahedieh, Nuala (2004). "Morgan, Sir Henry (c.1635–1688)".

963:

Arrest and release; knighthood and governorship (1672–1675)

904:

Morgan's first action was to take the connected islands of

680: 674: 372: 352: 336: 321: 301: 274: 262: 250: 3625: 3589: 3541: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2408: 2283: 2249: 2247: 2184: 1628:, the capital of Costa Rica, as the target for his attack. 658:

and won. The passage about the use of nuns and monks as a

5442: 4571: 3825: 3823: 3748: 3511: 3351: 3339: 3276: 3225: 3189: 3138: 3114: 3054: 2696: 2259: 1972: 1957: 1590:

Although England and Spain were not at war (the six-year

1408: 1224: 1174:

By the time of his death, Morgan owned three plantations

520: 4513: 4140:

Buccaneers of the Caribbean: How Piracy Forged an Empire

3790: 3688: 3553: 3237: 3150: 3090: 3078: 2946: 2922: 2869: 2857: 2833: 2648: 2612: 2576: 2126: 2124: 2039: 2037: 2035: 1996: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1820: 1522:

The sources that show Robert as Henry's father include:

37:"Morgan the Pirate" redirects here. For other uses, see 3772: 3666: 3664: 3613: 3601: 3565: 3457: 3327: 3315: 3293: 3291: 3266: 3264: 3167: 3165: 3042: 3006: 2934: 2893: 2845: 2797: 2773: 2761: 2737: 2725: 2684: 2540: 2480: 2456: 2420: 2331: 2307: 2244: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1006:, Pope finds no evidence of this in the Tower records. 662:

was retracted from subsequent publications in England.

3820: 3649: 2821: 2809: 2749: 2713: 2600: 2504: 2396: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2355: 2343: 2160: 2136: 2109: 2085: 2073: 2061: 2008: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1918: 1916: 1474: 1472: 4348:

The Buccaneer King: the Story of Captain Henry Morgan

3760: 3736: 3712: 3529: 3493: 3469: 3375: 3177: 3030: 2970: 2958: 2319: 2172: 2148: 2121: 2097: 2032: 1765:"Captain Stratton's Fancy" was later set to music by 1624:

Mansvelt instead selected the more lucrative city of

974:, who ordered Morgan's arrest, but later knighted him 584:

In 1667 diplomatic relations between the kingdoms of

4270:(Kindle ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. 3796: 3700: 3661: 3481: 3445: 3363: 3288: 3261: 3201: 3162: 3102: 3066: 2994: 2785: 2672: 2660: 2636: 2528: 2516: 2492: 2468: 2196: 2020: 1984: 1945: 1903: 1901: 1847: 1808: 308:, landing on the Caribbean coast and traversing the 4807:"Modyford, Sir Thomas, First Baronet (c.1620–1679)" 3992:

The Governors of Jamaica in the Seventeenth Century

3808: 2910: 2881: 2444: 2432: 2379: 2367: 2271: 2232: 2220: 2049: 1928: 1913: 1469: 1038: 379:-themed works of fiction across a range of genres. 4805: 4765: 4593: 4522: 4459: 4244: 3847: 3835: 3730: 510:In August 1665 Morgan, along with fellow captains 387:Born Harri Morgan around 1635 in Wales, either in 4573:"Historic Earthquakes: Jamaica: 1692 June 07 UTC" 4268:Jolly Roger: The Story of the Great Age of Piracy 3910:. Pencader, Carmarthenshire: Glyndŵr Publishing. 1898: 912:in December 1670. From there his fleet sailed to 616:Morgan's attack on the Castillo de San Jerónimo, 363:shipmate of Morgan's, accusing him of widespread 295:destroying a large Spanish squadron as he escaped 7865: 1439:both view Morgan as seeking wealth to enter the 4203:. Oakland, CA: University of California Press. 1482:at the time of Morgan's birth was complex; the 868: 819:and ensure the vessels would become entangled. 343:shortly thereafter to serve as the territory's 4497: 3682: 1264:(1678) which affected history's view of Morgan 1189: 395:, between Cardiff and Newport). The historian 5458: 5161: 4595:"Myngs, Sir Christopher (bap. 1625, d. 1666)" 4117:Parry to Finzi: Twenty English Song-composers 562: 221:. It is not known how he made his way to the 206:from the raids, Morgan purchased three large 7503:Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island 4816:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4776:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4604:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4470:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 1532:Blalock, Glenn (2000). "Morgan, Sir Henry". 198:, becoming wealthy as they did so. With the 5175: 4634:"What Would Blackbeard Do? Why Piracy Pays" 4371: 4142:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 3694: 5465: 5451: 5168: 5154: 4884: 4284: 4196: 4049: 3631: 2707: 2301: 2265: 2214: 1978: 1841: 1309:is based in large part on Morgan's career. 1113:regarding Morgan's successful libel action 1064:, directed them to the French governor of 569:Henry Morgan's raid on Puerto del Príncipe 375:passing, as he became the inspiration for 56: 7134:Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law 4981: 4844: 4803: 4763: 4740:"Morgan, Henry (1635? – 1688), Buccaneer" 4651: 4059:. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. 3943: 3905: 3754: 3643: 3523: 3431:The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea 3357: 3282: 3219: 3195: 3156: 3144: 3132: 3096: 3084: 2988: 2952: 2904: 2851: 2803: 2767: 2743: 2690: 2546: 2462: 2426: 2414: 2337: 2313: 2289: 2253: 2190: 2043: 2002: 1966: 1892: 1814: 1393:Age of Pirates 2: City of Abandoned Ships 30:For other people named Henry Morgan, see 7761:List of ships attacked by Somali pirates 4734: 4712: 4690: 4591: 4562: 4305: 3924: 3766: 3742: 3607: 3595: 3559: 3475: 3393: 2026: 1922: 1295: 1252: 1135:Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle 1102: 1042: 966: 941: 878: 821: 783: 690: 681:Lake Maracaibo and Gibraltar (1668–1669) 664: 611: 572: 460: 456: 4850: 4813:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4773:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4631: 4601:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4542: 4467:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4457: 4440:"Columbus, Education and Jamaica today" 4420:"Similarities with the first Christmas" 4391: 4265: 4134: 4073: 3988: 3967: 3802: 3778: 3706: 3619: 3583: 3571: 3463: 3419: 3345: 3270: 3048: 3024: 3012: 2719: 2361: 2166: 2091: 2079: 1990: 1939: 1527:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 410:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 14: 7866: 4926: 4345: 4217: 4177: 4156: 4120:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. 4007: 3865: 3829: 3718: 3655: 3333: 3321: 3309: 2940: 2827: 2755: 2731: 2630: 2606: 2594: 2570: 2558: 2510: 2402: 2349: 2325: 2178: 2154: 2130: 2103: 1662:, also known as piece of eight or the 1504:but was historically in Monmouthshire. 1051:On his arrival in Jamaica, the 12-man 245:; as diplomatic relations between the 237:. Morgan became a close friend of Sir 6920:Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham 5446: 5149: 4998: 4713:Tortello, Rebecca (9 December 2002). 4437: 4417: 4326: 4094: 4028: 3886: 3853: 3841: 3547: 3535: 3499: 3381: 3231: 3183: 3120: 3036: 2976: 2964: 2916: 2875: 2863: 2839: 2815: 2791: 2678: 2666: 2654: 2642: 2618: 2582: 2534: 2522: 2498: 2474: 2438: 2373: 2238: 2202: 2142: 2115: 2067: 2055: 2014: 1951: 1022:in November 1674, the first time his 687:Henry Morgan's raid on Lake Maracaibo 627: 436:in 1654, or he may have served as an 7662:International Talk Like a Pirate Day 5116:Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle 5106:Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle 4963: 4676:Legacies of British Slavery database 4239: 4113: 3995:. London: The West India Committee. 3814: 3670: 3487: 3451: 3413:Legacies of British Slavery database 3369: 3297: 3243: 3207: 3171: 3108: 3072: 3060: 3000: 2928: 2887: 2779: 2486: 2450: 2390: 2277: 2226: 1907: 1707:The Spanish later built what is now 1154: 1078:Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle 4418:Burke, Michael (21 December 2017). 4365: 4099:. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. 3929:. Granby, MA: Bergin & Garvey. 3889:Buccaneer: Admiral Sir Henry Morgan 1804:The Tatler, Wednesday 23 April 1941 748:two years previously: an attack on 24: 7934:Jamaican people of British descent 6729: 1228:] Thomas Morgan of Tredegar". 935:The privateers, including Captain 899:Mariana, the Queen Regent of Spain 634:Henry Morgan's raid on Porto Bello 293:; he plundered both cities before 39:Morgan the Pirate (disambiguation) 25: 7975: 7552:Silver: Return to Treasure Island 5085:John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery 5075:John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery 5023: 4767:"Morgan, Sir Henry (c.1635–1688)" 4691:Tortello, Rebecca (7 June 2004). 4632:Matson, John (26 November 2008). 4251:. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. 4163:. Washington, DC: Potomac Books. 3974:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. 1564:According to the anthropologists 1249:Captain Morgan in popular culture 1194:Morgan died on 25 August 1688 at 1047:John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery 1016:John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery 7944:Jamaican people of Welsh descent 7848: 7847: 7835: 7688:A General History of the Pyrates 7510:Castaways of the Flying Dutchman 7031:Operation Enduring Freedom – HOA 5428: 5417: 4331:. London: Simon & Schuster. 4035:. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. 4014:. New York: Three Rivers Press. 3249: 1772: 1759: 1746: 1736: 1731:Dictionary of National Biography 1723: 1714: 1039:In Jamaican politics (1675–1688) 875:Henry Morgan's Panama expedition 791:, which guarded the entrance to 217:that is now part of the city of 186:, plantation owner, and, later, 4080:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. 1701: 1691: 1682: 1673: 1648: 1631: 1618: 1605: 1584: 1558: 1480:administration of Monmouthshire 1202:, Jamaica. Albemarle ordered a 1123:About the Buccaneers of America 789:San Carlos de la Barra Fortress 763:San Carlos de la Barra Fortress 514:and Jacob Fackman, returned to 449:. Much of the plunder was from 7046:Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden 7041:Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden 6794:Anti-piracy in the West Indies 5123:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica 5092:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica 5061:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica 4857:The American Historical Review 4074:Francis, John Michael (2006). 1797: 1516: 1507: 1500:, which is now in the city of 1182:Morgan also left some land in 1012:Lords of Trade and Plantations 807:aimed at Espinosa's flagship, 304:, Morgan and company attacked 188:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica 150:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica 13: 1: 6902:Blockade of Charleston (Vane) 4745:Dictionary of Welsh Biography 4461:"Lynch, Sir Thomas (d. 1684)" 4438:Burke, Michael (3 May 2018). 4312:. Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia. 3512:Historic Earthquakes: Jamaica 2597:, 1573–1579, 1590, 1608–1613. 1791: 1287:Howard Pyle's Book of Pirates 1026:name Harri became officially 946:Morgan attacking Panama, 1671 547:, although he did not attack 401:Dictionary of Welsh Biography 382: 173: 74: 32:Henry Morgan (disambiguation) 7929:17th-century Jamaican people 7475:The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea 6725:Pirate battles and incidents 4837:UK public library membership 4797:UK public library membership 4625:UK public library membership 4543:Firaxis (15 November 2004). 4514:"Captain Morgan's Retreat". 4491:UK public library membership 4197:McGilligan, Patrick (1986). 1262:De Americaensche Zee-Roovers 1233:earthquake struck Port Royal 1216:Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica 1119:De Americaensche Zee-Roovers 869:Attack on Panama (1669–1671) 826:Morgan destroys the Spanish 555:and the defence of Jamaica; 331:Morgan was then appointed a 90:or nearby what was Pencarn, 7: 7959:Piracy in the Pacific Ocean 6874:Battle of the Tiger's Mouth 6357:Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami 5324:Rahmah ibn Jabir Al Jalhami 4678:. University College London 4399:American National Biography 4291:. New York: Facts on File. 1668:pounds, shillings and pence 1611:The hostilities led to the 1534:American National Biography 1496:. A possible birthplace is 1454:Thomas describes Morgan as 1445:American National Biography 1190:Death and subsequent events 432:against the Spanish in the 10: 7980: 7751:Pirate films and TV series 7191:African Slave Trade Patrol 6759:Action of 11 November 2008 5548:Barbary pirates (corsairs) 5472: 4306:Snelders, Stephen (2005). 4266:Pringle, Patrick (2001) . 3874: 1403:started manufacturing the 1279:History of Central America 1246: 1184:Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica 1080:, was appointed governor. 872: 684: 631: 566: 563:Puerto del Príncipe (1667) 469:, under whom Morgan served 36: 29: 7919:17th-century Welsh people 7829: 7779: 7738: 7731: 7679: 7644: 7561: 7459: 7261: 7248: 7240:Trans-Saharan slave trade 7176: 7107: 6839:Battle off Minicoy Island 6814:Battle of Cape Fear River 6784:Anti-piracy in the Aegean 6754:Action of 28 October 2007 6749:Action of 9 November 1822 6724: 6622: 6530: 5894: 5887: 5813: 5777: 5734: 5687: 5680: 5525: 5480: 5426: 5415: 5184: 5133: 5120: 5112: 5102: 5089: 5081: 5071: 5058: 5049: 5044: 4983:10.1163/13822373-90002571 4966:"The Sweet Trade Revived" 4929:Anthropological Quarterly 4891:Anthropological Quarterly 4804:Zahedieh, Nuala (2004b). 4764:Zahedieh, Nuala (2004a). 4750:National Library of Wales 4501:. American Film Institute 4402:. Oxford University Press 4379:. American Film Institute 4157:Little, Benerson (2007). 3906:Breverton, Terry (2005). 1643:The Buccaneers of America 1549:Breverton, Terry (2005). 1277:(1873), Hubert Bancroft, 1242: 253:, Modyford gave Morgan a 155: 145: 137: 127: 118: 99: 70: 55: 48: 7235:Indian Ocean slave trade 7124:International piracy law 7061:Pirate attacks in Borneo 6933:Capture of the schooner 6925:Capture of the schooner 6859:Battle of Ocracoke Inlet 6585:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés 4657:Encyclopaedia Britannica 4592:Knighton, C. S. (2008). 4524:"Diageo Company History" 4458:Burnard, Trevor (2004). 4285:Rogoziński, Jan (1995). 4095:Gosse, Phillip (2007) . 3953:. London: Random House. 3925:Campbell, Mavis (1988). 3891:. London: Arthur Baker. 3880: 3791:Captain Morgan's Retreat 1573:observes that the terms 1485:Encyclopaedia Britannica 1463: 1271:A New History of Jamaica 732:. A spark in the ship's 700:La Ceiba (now Gibraltar) 261:(now Camagüey in modern 179:– 25 August 1688) was a 7954:Piracy in the Caribbean 7894:People from Abergavenny 7694:Captain Charles Johnson 7118:1717–1718 Acts of Grace 6829:Battle of Mandab Strait 6809:Battle of Boca Teacapan 6804:Balanguingui Expedition 6769:Action of 23 March 2010 4413:(subscription required) 4392:Blalock, Glenn (2000). 4346:Thomas, Graham (2014). 4327:Talty, Stephan (2007). 4178:Lycett, Andrew (1996). 3989:Cundall, Frank (1936). 3968:Cornell, Jimmy (2014). 885:Captain Charles Johnson 497:had been appointed the 312:and its jungles before 7051:Operation Ocean Shield 6879:Battle of Tonkin River 6824:Battle of Doro Passage 6779:Action of 5 April 2010 6774:Action of 1 April 2010 6764:Action of 9 April 2009 6744:1985 Lahad Datu ambush 6734: 6570:Jose Campuzano-Polanco 6555:Duarte Pacheco Pereira 5702:British Virgin Islands 5234:Jose Campuzano-Polanco 4845:Journals and magazines 4822:10.1093/ref:odnb/18871 4782:10.1093/ref:odnb/19224 4610:10.1093/ref:odnb/19708 4577:U.S. Geological Survey 4476:10.1093/ref:odnb/17260 4008:Curtis, Wayne (2007). 3731:Diageo Company History 1979:Dawdy & Bonni 2012 1613:Second Anglo-Dutch War 1461: 1310: 1273:(1739), Alan Gardner, 1265: 1152: 1114: 1048: 975: 947: 894: 835: 795: 773:leading to the fort's 706: 670: 669:Morgan with a prisoner 620: 581: 470: 314:they attacked the city 249:and Spain worsened in 169: 7667:Pirates versus Ninjas 7094:Slave raid of Suðuroy 7056:Persian Gulf Campaign 6941:Capture of the sloop 6869:Battle of the Leotung 6854:Battle of New Orleans 6733: 6595:Richard Avery Hornsby 6347:Piet Pieterszoon Hein 6307:Moses Cohen Henriques 6277:Manuel Ribeiro Pardal 6022:Christina Anna Skytte 5560:Brethren of the Coast 5543:Baltic Slavic pirates 5490:Ancient Mediterranean 5304:Moses Cohen Henriques 4970:New West Indian Guide 4941:10.1353/anq.2012.0049 4904:10.1353/anq.2012.0043 4693:"The People Who Came" 4545:"Pirates of Pirates!" 4114:Hold, Trevor (2005). 4097:The History of Piracy 4029:Earle, Peter (2007). 3887:Allen, H. R. (1976). 3396:, pp. 23, 32–33. 1654:The full name of the 1456: 1363:Blackbeard the Pirate 1299: 1256: 1147: 1106: 1094:Royal African Company 1046: 970: 945: 882: 873:Further information: 825: 787: 694: 685:Further information: 668: 632:Further information: 615: 576: 567:Further information: 464: 457:Career as a privateer 7914:17th-century pirates 7909:Governors of Jamaica 7589:skull and crossbones 7545:Mistress of the Seas 7227:Capture of the brig 7204:Atlantic slave trade 6965:Falklands Expedition 6819:Battle of Cape Lopez 6739:1582 Cagayan battles 6666:Queen Anne's Revenge 6217:José Joaquim Almeida 6202:John Newland Maffitt 6122:Hayreddin Barbarossa 5962:Bartolomeu Português 5952:Artemisia I of Caria 5947:Alexandre Exquemelin 5785:Baltic Slavic piracy 5538:Anglo-Turkish piracy 4976:(1 & 2): 91–97. 4518:: 94. November 2005. 3550:, pp. 137, 175. 3411:"Sir Henry Morgan". 3063:, pp. 257, 260. 1639:Alexandre Exquemelin 1387:Sid Meier's Pirates! 1289:(compiled in 1921). 1258:Alexandre Exquemelin 1198:, located in modern 1196:Lawrencefield Estate 828:Armada de Barlovento 607:Alexandre Exquemelin 580:being sacked in 1668 430:Caribbean expedition 391:or Pencarn (both in 357:Alexandre Exquemelin 339:and returned to the 64:Alexandre Exquemelin 7899:People from Cardiff 7606:No purchase, no pay 7574:Davy Jones's locker 7517:The Angel's Command 7361:Guybrush Threepwood 7209:Barbary slave trade 7186:African slave trade 6983:Jiajing wokou raids 6884:Battle of Ty-ho Bay 6107:François l'Olonnais 5967:Bartholomew Roberts 5855:Republic of Pirates 5394:Bartholomew Roberts 5384:François l'Olonnais 5045:Government offices 4964:Lane, Kris (2000). 4638:Scientific American 4394:"Morgan, Sir Henry" 4182:. London: Phoenix. 3646:, pp. 146–147. 3246:, pp. 295–297. 3234:, pp. 145–146. 3222:, pp. 111–113. 3123:, pp. 140–141. 3027:, pp. 562–563. 2931:, pp. 242–243. 2878:, pp. 206–207. 2866:, pp. 239–240. 2842:, pp. 201–204. 2782:, pp. 216–219. 2657:, pp. 171–172. 2621:, pp. 163–165. 2585:, pp. 162–163. 2489:, pp. 169–171. 2304:, pp. 144–145. 2217:, pp. 138–139. 1733:is one such writer. 1660:peso de ocho reales 1594:had ended in 1660) 1218:, on 3 March 1696. 1053:Assembly of Jamaica 994:Charles II and his 746:François l'Olonnais 715:Cartagena de Indias 603:Puerto del Príncipe 578:Puerto del Príncipe 499:Governor of Jamaica 441:and transported to 349:Assembly of Jamaica 347:. He served on the 345:Lieutenant Governor 259:Puerto del Príncipe 243:Governor of Jamaica 192:Port Royal, Jamaica 190:. From his base in 7949:Welsh slave owners 7766:Timeline of piracy 7723:Piracy kidnappings 7376:Jacquotte Delahaye 7331:Charlotte de Berry 7321:Captain Sabertooth 7214:Blockade of Africa 7169:Piracy Law of 1820 7099:Turkish Abductions 7036:Operation Atalanta 6970:Great Lakes Patrol 6849:Battle of Nam Quan 6799:Attack on Veracruz 6735: 6317:Nicholas van Hoorn 6302:Michel de Grammont 6167:Jacquotte Delahaye 6152:Hippolyte Bouchard 6072:Elise Eskilsdotter 6012:Charlotte de Berry 5977:Benjamin Hornigold 5314:Benjamin Hornigold 5309:Nicholas van Hoorn 5289:Michel de Grammont 5219:Hippolyte Bouchard 5038:, 100 Welsh Heroes 4886:Dawdy, Shannon Lee 4672:"Sir Henry Morgan" 4225:. London: Viking. 3683:Captain Blood, AFI 3433:. Oxford Reference 3427:"Sir Henry Morgan" 1375:Pirates of Tortuga 1369:Morgan, the Pirate 1311: 1275:History of Jamaica 1266: 1231:On 7 June 1692 an 1115: 1110:The London Gazette 1049: 996:Secretary of State 976: 948: 895: 836: 796: 707: 671: 628:Porto Bello (1668) 621: 582: 471: 407:, writing for the 269:(now Portobelo in 247:Kingdom of England 132:Kingdom of England 7964:Maritime folklore 7924:Jamaican planters 7861: 7860: 7842:Piracy portal 7825: 7824: 7802:Fictional pirates 7701:Truce of Ratisbon 7675: 7674: 7636:Walking the plank 7496:On Stranger Tides 7436:Tony Tony Chopper 7326:Captain Stingaree 7263:Fictional pirates 7079:Sack of Baltimore 7074:Raid on Cartagena 7016:Moscow University 6895:Beluga Nomination 6864:Battle of Pianosa 6789:Antelope incident 6680:Marquis of Havana 6618: 6617: 6327:Olivier Levasseur 6267:Louis-Michel Aury 6232:Klaus Störtebeker 6182:Jeanne de Clisson 6102:François Le Clerc 5937:Anne Dieu-le-Veut 5883: 5882: 5800:South China Coast 5764:Strait of Malacca 5440: 5439: 5189:Louis-Michel Aury 5144: 5143: 5134:Succeeded by 5103:Succeeded by 5072:Succeeded by 4835:(Subscription or 4795:(Subscription or 4623:(Subscription or 4489:(Subscription or 4357:978-1-4738-3522-1 4338:978-1-4165-0293-7 4319:978-1-57027-161-8 4298:978-0-8160-2761-3 4277:978-0-486-14759-8 4258:978-0-396-07566-0 4232:978-0-670-91957-4 4210:978-0-520-05689-3 4189:978-1-85799-783-5 4170:978-1-59797-101-0 4149:978-0-674-03403-7 4127:978-1-84383-174-7 4106:978-0-486-46183-0 4087:978-1-85109-421-9 4066:978-1-108-02481-5 4042:978-0-312-36142-6 4021:978-0-307-51285-7 3981:978-1-4081-5888-3 3960:978-0-8129-7722-6 3936:978-0-8978-9148-6 3917:978-1-903529-17-1 3898:978-0-213-16569-7 3598:, pp. 89–90. 3526:, pp. 52–53. 3348:, pp. 70–71. 3135:, pp. 54–55. 2991:, pp. 92–93. 2818:, pp. 92–93. 2734:, pp. 19–20. 2417:, pp. 50–51. 2292:, pp. 45–46. 2193:, pp. 36–38. 2145:, pp. 78–79. 2118:, pp. 16–17. 2070:, pp. 12–13. 2017:, pp. 44–45. 1592:Anglo-Spanish War 1566:Shannon Lee Dawdy 1381:The Black Corsair 1155:Slave plantations 1098:Hender Molesworth 1000:Earl of Arlington 488:Yucatán Peninsula 475:Christopher Myngs 467:Christopher Myngs 399:, writing in the 341:Colony of Jamaica 235:Anglo-Spanish War 227:Christopher Myngs 208:sugar plantations 159: 158: 112:Colony of Jamaica 107:(aged 52–53) 16:(Redirected from 7971: 7884:Knights Bachelor 7851: 7850: 7840: 7839: 7838: 7736: 7735: 7538:Pirate Latitudes 7531:Long John Silver 7524:Voyage of Slaves 7391:Long John Silver 7286:Captain Birdseye 7259: 7258: 7129:Letter of marque 7089:Salvador Pirates 7084:Sack of Campeche 6907:Chepo Expedition 6889:Battle of Tysami 6844:Battle off Mukah 6834:Battle of Manila 6673:Quedagh Merchant 6631:Adventure Galley 6477:Victual Brothers 6462:Thomas Cavendish 6427:Sayyida al Hurra 6412:Samuel Hall Lord 6392:Roche Braziliano 6377:Robert Culliford 6312:Nathaniel Gordon 6282:Martin Frobisher 6242:Laurens de Graaf 6212:Jørgen Jørgensen 6147:Henry Strangways 6127:Hendrick Lucifer 6077:Eustace the Monk 5942:António de Faria 5892: 5891: 5860:Republic of Salé 5830:Île Sainte-Marie 5685: 5684: 5662:Victual Brothers 5570:Cilician pirates 5467: 5460: 5453: 5444: 5443: 5432: 5421: 5344:Jørgen Jørgensen 5284:Laurens de Graaf 5224:Roche Braziliano 5170: 5163: 5156: 5147: 5146: 5113:Preceded by 5082:Preceded by 5050:Preceded by 5042: 5041: 5018: 4995: 4985: 4960: 4923: 4881: 4840: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4809: 4800: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4769: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4628: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4597: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4568: 4565:The Toronto Star 4559: 4557: 4555: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4526:. Archived from 4519: 4516:Islands Magazine 4510: 4508: 4506: 4494: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4463: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4444:Jamaica Observer 4434: 4432: 4430: 4424:Jamaica Observer 4414: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4373:"The Black Swan" 4366:Online resources 4361: 4342: 4323: 4302: 4281: 4262: 4250: 4236: 4214: 4193: 4174: 4153: 4131: 4110: 4091: 4070: 4051:Exquemelin, John 4046: 4025: 4004: 3985: 3964: 3945:Cordingly, David 3940: 3921: 3902: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3423: 3417: 3408: 3397: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3160: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2980: 2974: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2891: 2885: 2879: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2735: 2729: 2723: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2544: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2508: 2502: 2496: 2490: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2442: 2436: 2430: 2424: 2418: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2317: 2311: 2305: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2281: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2218: 2212: 2206: 2200: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2128: 2119: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2053: 2047: 2041: 2030: 2024: 2018: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1955: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1926: 1920: 1911: 1905: 1896: 1890: 1845: 1839: 1818: 1812: 1806: 1801: 1786: 1776: 1770: 1763: 1757: 1756:until the 1830s. 1750: 1744: 1740: 1734: 1729:Zahedieh in the 1727: 1721: 1718: 1712: 1705: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1686: 1680: 1677: 1671: 1652: 1646: 1635: 1629: 1622: 1616: 1609: 1603: 1588: 1582: 1562: 1556: 1520: 1514: 1511: 1505: 1476: 1341:Live and Let Die 1328:'s first novel, 1237:Kingston Harbour 1161:Jamaican Maroons 1033:Jamaica Merchant 980:Treaty of Madrid 924:and headed for 918:Fort San Lorenzo 779:guns were spiked 504:letter of marque 484:Sack of Campeche 480:Santiago de Cuba 417:than the book". 277:, he sailed for 255:letter of marque 178: 175: 162:Sir Henry Morgan 121:Piratical career 106: 79: 76: 60: 46: 45: 21: 18:Sir Henry Morgan 7979: 7978: 7974: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7969: 7968: 7864: 7863: 7862: 7857: 7836: 7834: 7821: 7787:Barbary pirates 7775: 7771:Women in piracy 7727: 7671: 7640: 7569:Buried treasure 7557: 7489:Facing the Flag 7482:Treasure Island 7455: 7401:Vaas Montenegro 7396:Monkey D. Luffy 7366:Hector Barbossa 7351:Elizabeth Swann 7316:Captain Pugwash 7253: 7251: 7244: 7221:Veloz Passagera 7219:Capture of the 7172: 7103: 6912:Capture of the 6720: 6652:Flying Dutchman 6614: 6580:Miguel Enríquez 6532: 6526: 6492:William Dampier 6447:Simon Mascarino 6442:Shirahama Kenki 6422:Samuel Pallache 6387:Roberto Cofresí 6297:Mary Wolverston 6272:Mansel Alcantra 6247:Lawrence Prince 5927:Albert W. Hicks 5879: 5817: 5809: 5773: 5730: 5676: 5672:Women in piracy 5637:Sindhi corsairs 5590:French corsairs 5580:Cossack pirates 5533:Albanian piracy 5526:Types of pirate 5521: 5476: 5471: 5441: 5436: 5422: 5413: 5389:Lawrence Prince 5254:William Dampier 5249:Roberto Cofresi 5180: 5179:since the 1660s 5174: 5140: 5130: 5125: 5118: 5108: 5099: 5094: 5087: 5077: 5068: 5063: 5056: 5026: 5021: 4870:10.2307/1834836 4852:Barbour, Violet 4847: 4834: 4826: 4824: 4794: 4786: 4784: 4754: 4752: 4736:Williams, David 4725: 4723: 4720:Jamaica Gleaner 4703: 4701: 4698:Jamaica Gleaner 4681: 4679: 4661: 4659: 4653:"Monmouthshire" 4642: 4640: 4622: 4614: 4612: 4582: 4580: 4553: 4551: 4533: 4531: 4530:on 4 April 2007 4504: 4502: 4499:"Captain Blood" 4488: 4480: 4478: 4448: 4446: 4428: 4426: 4412: 4405: 4403: 4382: 4380: 4368: 4358: 4339: 4320: 4299: 4278: 4259: 4233: 4211: 4190: 4171: 4150: 4128: 4107: 4088: 4067: 4043: 4022: 3982: 3961: 3937: 3918: 3899: 3883: 3877: 3872: 3864: 3860: 3852: 3848: 3840: 3836: 3828: 3821: 3813: 3809: 3801: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3765: 3761: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3737: 3729: 3725: 3717: 3713: 3705: 3701: 3695:Black Swan, AFI 3693: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3669: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3632:McGilligan 1986 3630: 3626: 3618: 3614: 3606: 3602: 3594: 3590: 3582: 3578: 3570: 3566: 3558: 3554: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3510: 3506: 3498: 3494: 3486: 3482: 3474: 3470: 3462: 3458: 3450: 3446: 3436: 3434: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3409: 3400: 3392: 3388: 3380: 3376: 3368: 3364: 3356: 3352: 3344: 3340: 3332: 3328: 3320: 3316: 3308: 3304: 3296: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3214: 3206: 3202: 3194: 3190: 3182: 3178: 3170: 3163: 3155: 3151: 3143: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3119: 3115: 3107: 3103: 3095: 3091: 3083: 3079: 3071: 3067: 3059: 3055: 3047: 3043: 3035: 3031: 3023: 3019: 3011: 3007: 2999: 2995: 2987: 2983: 2975: 2971: 2963: 2959: 2951: 2947: 2939: 2935: 2927: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2903: 2894: 2886: 2882: 2874: 2870: 2862: 2858: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2834: 2826: 2822: 2814: 2810: 2802: 2798: 2790: 2786: 2778: 2774: 2766: 2762: 2754: 2750: 2742: 2738: 2730: 2726: 2718: 2714: 2708:Rogoziński 1995 2706: 2697: 2689: 2685: 2677: 2673: 2665: 2661: 2653: 2649: 2641: 2637: 2629: 2625: 2617: 2613: 2605: 2601: 2593: 2589: 2581: 2577: 2569: 2565: 2557: 2553: 2545: 2541: 2533: 2529: 2521: 2517: 2509: 2505: 2497: 2493: 2485: 2481: 2473: 2469: 2461: 2457: 2449: 2445: 2437: 2433: 2425: 2421: 2413: 2409: 2401: 2397: 2389: 2380: 2372: 2368: 2360: 2356: 2348: 2344: 2336: 2332: 2324: 2320: 2312: 2308: 2302:Exquemelin 2010 2300: 2296: 2288: 2284: 2276: 2272: 2266:Exquemelin 2010 2264: 2260: 2252: 2245: 2237: 2233: 2225: 2221: 2215:Exquemelin 2010 2213: 2209: 2201: 2197: 2189: 2185: 2177: 2173: 2165: 2161: 2153: 2149: 2141: 2137: 2129: 2122: 2114: 2110: 2102: 2098: 2090: 2086: 2078: 2074: 2066: 2062: 2054: 2050: 2042: 2033: 2025: 2021: 2013: 2009: 2001: 1997: 1989: 1985: 1977: 1973: 1969:, p. xvii. 1965: 1958: 1950: 1946: 1938: 1929: 1921: 1914: 1906: 1899: 1891: 1848: 1842:Rogoziński 1995 1840: 1821: 1813: 1809: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1777: 1773: 1764: 1760: 1751: 1747: 1741: 1737: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1706: 1702: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1653: 1649: 1636: 1632: 1623: 1619: 1610: 1606: 1589: 1585: 1563: 1559: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1508: 1477: 1470: 1466: 1401:Seagram Company 1316:Rafael Sabatini 1301:Rafael Sabatini 1251: 1245: 1192: 1157: 1062:Robert Byndloss 1041: 1020:Knight Bachelor 1004:Tower of London 965: 890:General History 877: 871: 859:King Charles II 734:powder magazine 689: 683: 636: 630: 571: 565: 541:Edward Mansvelt 495:Thomas Modyford 459: 428:as part of the 426:Oliver Cromwell 422:Robert Venables 385: 333:Knight Bachelor 239:Thomas Modyford 176: 114: 110:Lawrencefield, 108: 104: 95: 80: 77: 66: 51: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7977: 7967: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7859: 7858: 7856: 7855: 7845: 7830: 7827: 7826: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7819: 7814: 7812:Piracy by year 7809: 7804: 7799: 7797:Female pirates 7794: 7792:By nationality 7789: 7783: 7781: 7777: 7776: 7774: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7742: 7740: 7733: 7729: 7728: 7726: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7709: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7697: 7696: 7683: 7681: 7677: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7648: 7646: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7592: 7591: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7565: 7563: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7555: 7548: 7541: 7534: 7527: 7520: 7513: 7506: 7499: 7492: 7485: 7478: 7471: 7463: 7461: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7386:Joshamee Gibbs 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7267: 7265: 7256: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7224: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7193: 7188: 7182: 7180: 7174: 7173: 7171: 7166: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7111: 7109: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7020: 7011: 7002: 6993: 6989:Maersk Alabama 6985: 6980: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6954: 6946: 6938: 6930: 6922: 6917: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6728: 6726: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6718: 6711: 6704: 6697: 6690: 6683: 6676: 6669: 6662: 6655: 6648: 6641: 6634: 6626: 6624: 6620: 6619: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6600:Robert Maynard 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6536: 6534: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6482:Vincenzo Gambi 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6407:Samuel Bellamy 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6382:Robert Surcouf 6379: 6374: 6372:Richard Glover 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6342:Pierre Lafitte 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6117:Grace O'Malley 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6057:Edward England 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6017:Cheung Po Tsai 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5972:Benito de Soto 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5917:Abraham Samuel 5914: 5912:Adam Baldridge 5909: 5904: 5898: 5896: 5889: 5885: 5884: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5865:Saint Augustin 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5821: 5819: 5811: 5810: 5808: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5781: 5779: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5750: 5749: 5742:Horn of Africa 5738: 5736: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5728: 5726:Gulf of Guinea 5723: 5722: 5721: 5716: 5715: 5714: 5712:Lake Nicaragua 5704: 5693: 5691: 5689:Atlantic World 5682: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5618: 5617: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5595:Jewish pirates 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5556: 5555: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5529: 5527: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5519: 5518: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5497: 5492: 5486: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5470: 5469: 5462: 5455: 5447: 5438: 5437: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5399:Benito de Soto 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5359:Pierre Lafitte 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5329:Henry Jennings 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5269:Vincenzo Gambi 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5239:Cheung Po Tsai 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5199:Samuel Bellamy 5196: 5191: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5173: 5172: 5165: 5158: 5150: 5142: 5141: 5135: 5132: 5119: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5101: 5088: 5083: 5079: 5078: 5073: 5070: 5057: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5040: 5039: 5036:"Henry Morgan" 5033: 5030:"Henry Morgan" 5025: 5024:External links 5022: 5020: 5019: 4996: 4961: 4935:(3): 755–784. 4924: 4898:(3): 673–699. 4882: 4864:(3): 529–566. 4846: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4801: 4761: 4732: 4710: 4688: 4668: 4649: 4629: 4589: 4579:. 6 April 2016 4569: 4560: 4540: 4520: 4511: 4495: 4455: 4435: 4415: 4389: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4362: 4356: 4343: 4337: 4324: 4318: 4303: 4297: 4282: 4276: 4263: 4257: 4237: 4231: 4219:Paxman, Jeremy 4215: 4209: 4194: 4188: 4175: 4169: 4154: 4148: 4132: 4126: 4111: 4105: 4092: 4086: 4071: 4065: 4047: 4041: 4026: 4020: 4005: 3986: 3980: 3965: 3959: 3941: 3935: 3922: 3916: 3903: 3897: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3858: 3846: 3834: 3832:, p. 771. 3819: 3807: 3795: 3783: 3781:, p. 102. 3771: 3759: 3757:, p. 141. 3755:Breverton 2005 3747: 3735: 3723: 3711: 3699: 3687: 3675: 3673:, p. 348. 3660: 3658:, p. 238. 3648: 3644:Breverton 2005 3636: 3634:, p. 299. 3624: 3612: 3610:, pp. 92. 3600: 3588: 3576: 3564: 3562:, p. 111. 3552: 3540: 3538:, p. 175. 3528: 3524:Cordingly 2006 3516: 3504: 3502:, p. 181. 3492: 3490:, p. 344. 3480: 3468: 3466:, p. 260. 3456: 3454:, p. 347. 3444: 3418: 3398: 3386: 3384:, p. 280. 3374: 3372:, p. 342. 3362: 3360:, p. 127. 3358:Breverton 2005 3350: 3338: 3326: 3314: 3302: 3300:, p. 244. 3287: 3285:, p. 120. 3283:Breverton 2005 3275: 3260: 3248: 3236: 3224: 3220:Breverton 2005 3212: 3210:, p. 276. 3200: 3198:, p. 112. 3196:Breverton 2005 3188: 3186:, p. 271. 3176: 3174:, p. 277. 3161: 3157:Cordingly 2006 3149: 3147:, p. 108. 3145:Breverton 2005 3137: 3133:Cordingly 2006 3125: 3113: 3111:, p. 268. 3101: 3097:Breverton 2005 3089: 3085:Cordingly 2006 3077: 3075:, p. 264. 3065: 3053: 3051:, p. 565. 3041: 3039:, p. 119. 3029: 3017: 3015:, p. 663. 3005: 3003:, p. 251. 2993: 2989:Breverton 2005 2981: 2979:, p. 159. 2969: 2967:, p. 251. 2957: 2953:Breverton 2005 2945: 2933: 2921: 2909: 2905:Cordingly 2006 2892: 2890:, p. 241. 2880: 2868: 2856: 2852:Cordingly 2006 2844: 2832: 2820: 2808: 2804:Breverton 2005 2796: 2794:, p. 158. 2784: 2772: 2768:Cordingly 2006 2760: 2748: 2744:Breverton 2005 2736: 2724: 2722:, p. 559. 2712: 2710:, p. 229. 2695: 2691:Breverton 2005 2683: 2681:, p. 157. 2671: 2669:, p. 172. 2659: 2647: 2645:, p. 170. 2635: 2623: 2611: 2599: 2587: 2575: 2563: 2551: 2547:Breverton 2005 2539: 2537:, p. 151. 2527: 2525:, p. 150. 2515: 2503: 2501:, p. 149. 2491: 2479: 2477:, p. 145. 2467: 2463:Cordingly 2006 2455: 2453:, p. 166. 2443: 2431: 2427:Breverton 2005 2419: 2415:Breverton 2005 2407: 2395: 2393:, p. 163. 2378: 2366: 2364:, p. 556. 2354: 2342: 2338:Cordingly 2006 2330: 2328:, p. 249. 2318: 2314:Breverton 2005 2306: 2294: 2290:Cordingly 2006 2282: 2280:, p. 147. 2270: 2268:, p. 139. 2258: 2254:Breverton 2005 2243: 2231: 2229:, p. 145. 2219: 2207: 2205:, p. 156. 2195: 2191:Breverton 2005 2183: 2171: 2169:, p. 164. 2159: 2147: 2135: 2120: 2108: 2096: 2094:, p. 148. 2084: 2082:, p. 146. 2072: 2060: 2048: 2044:Zahedieh 2004b 2031: 2019: 2007: 2005:, p. 444. 2003:Cordingly 2006 1995: 1983: 1981:, p. 678. 1971: 1967:Cordingly 2006 1956: 1954:, p. 154. 1944: 1927: 1912: 1897: 1893:Zahedieh 2004a 1846: 1844:, p. 228. 1819: 1807: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1787: 1783:The Black Swan 1771: 1758: 1745: 1735: 1722: 1713: 1700: 1690: 1681: 1672: 1664:Spanish dollar 1647: 1630: 1617: 1604: 1583: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1547: 1537: 1530: 1515: 1506: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1449:British Empire 1430:The economist 1425:Ambergris Caye 1405:Captain Morgan 1357:The Black Swan 1346:John Masefield 1338:'s 1954 novel 1326:John Steinbeck 1318:'s 1922 novel 1303:'s 1922 novel 1244: 1241: 1191: 1188: 1169:Blue Mountains 1165:Juan de Serras 1156: 1153: 1040: 1037: 984:Violet Barbour 964: 961: 953:Edward Collier 910:Santa Catalina 906:Old Providence 870: 867: 832:Lake Maracaibo 758:Lake Maracaibo 702:in modern-day 682: 679: 629: 626: 564: 561: 534:Sint Eustatius 458: 455: 447:Spanish Empire 405:Nuala Zahedieh 397:David Williams 384: 381: 291:Lake Maracaibo 157: 156: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 139: 135: 134: 129: 125: 124: 116: 115: 109: 103:25 August 1688 101: 97: 96: 81: 72: 68: 67: 61: 53: 52: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7976: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7904:Welsh pirates 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7871: 7869: 7854: 7846: 7844: 7843: 7832: 7831: 7828: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7778: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7737: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7710: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7695: 7692: 7691: 7690: 7689: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7680:Miscellaneous 7678: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7649: 7647: 7645:Miscellaneous 7643: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7626:Pirate utopia 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7590: 7587: 7586: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7560: 7554: 7553: 7549: 7547: 7546: 7542: 7540: 7539: 7535: 7533: 7532: 7528: 7526: 7525: 7521: 7519: 7518: 7514: 7512: 7511: 7507: 7505: 7504: 7500: 7498: 7497: 7493: 7491: 7490: 7486: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7477: 7476: 7472: 7470: 7469: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7458: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7346:Elaine Marley 7344: 7342: 7341:Edward Kenway 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7301:Captain Flint 7299: 7297: 7296:Captain Crook 7294: 7292: 7291:Captain Blood 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7268: 7266: 7264: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7247: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7230: 7225: 7223: 7222: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7175: 7170: 7167: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7119: 7115: 7114:Acts of grace 7112: 7110: 7106: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7025: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7012: 7010: 7008: 7007:Orkim Harmony 7003: 7001: 6999: 6994: 6992: 6990: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6950:Carré d'As IV 6947: 6945: 6944: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6915: 6914:Ambrose Light 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6896: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6732: 6727: 6723: 6717: 6716: 6712: 6710: 6709: 6705: 6703: 6702: 6698: 6696: 6695: 6694:Royal Fortune 6691: 6689: 6688: 6684: 6682: 6681: 6677: 6675: 6674: 6670: 6668: 6667: 6663: 6661: 6660: 6656: 6654: 6653: 6649: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6640: 6639: 6638:Ambrose Light 6635: 6633: 6632: 6628: 6627: 6625: 6621: 6611: 6610:Woodes Rogers 6608: 6606: 6605:Thomas Warren 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6565:Julius Caesar 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6545:Chaloner Ogle 6543: 6541: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6529: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6517:Zheng Zhilong 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6402:Sadie Farrell 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6352:Princess Sela 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6332:Pedro Gilbert 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6252:Liang Daoming 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6097:Francis Drake 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6052:Dominique You 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6007:Charles Gibbs 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5902:Abduwali Muse 5900: 5899: 5897: 5893: 5890: 5888:Major figures 5886: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5825:Barataria Bay 5823: 5822: 5820: 5816: 5815:Pirate havens 5812: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5790:Barbary Coast 5788: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5776: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5733: 5727: 5724: 5720: 5717: 5713: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5699: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5683: 5679: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5642:Timber pirate 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5616: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5524: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5468: 5463: 5461: 5456: 5454: 5449: 5448: 5445: 5435: 5434:Piracy portal 5431: 5425: 5420: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5404:Dominique You 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5339:Edward Jordan 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5279:Pedro Gilbert 5277: 5275: 5274:Charles Gibbs 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5183: 5178: 5171: 5166: 5164: 5159: 5157: 5152: 5151: 5148: 5139: 5129: 5128: 5124: 5117: 5111: 5107: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5086: 5080: 5076: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5055: 5048: 5043: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5028: 5027: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5003: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4892: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4858: 4853: 4849: 4848: 4838: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4798: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4774: 4768: 4762: 4751: 4747: 4746: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4722: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4639: 4635: 4630: 4626: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4602: 4596: 4590: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4567:. p. T4. 4566: 4561: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4512: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4468: 4462: 4456: 4445: 4441: 4436: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4401: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4369: 4359: 4353: 4349: 4344: 4340: 4334: 4330: 4325: 4321: 4315: 4311: 4310: 4304: 4300: 4294: 4290: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4273: 4269: 4264: 4260: 4254: 4249: 4248: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4206: 4202: 4201: 4195: 4191: 4185: 4181: 4176: 4172: 4166: 4162: 4161: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4083: 4079: 4078: 4072: 4068: 4062: 4058: 4057: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4038: 4034: 4033: 4027: 4023: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3993: 3987: 3983: 3977: 3973: 3972: 3966: 3962: 3956: 3952: 3951: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3913: 3909: 3904: 3900: 3894: 3890: 3885: 3884: 3867: 3862: 3855: 3850: 3843: 3838: 3831: 3826: 3824: 3817:, p. 96. 3816: 3811: 3804: 3799: 3792: 3787: 3780: 3775: 3768: 3767:Folliott 2014 3763: 3756: 3751: 3744: 3743:Tortello 2004 3739: 3732: 3727: 3721:, p. 42. 3720: 3715: 3708: 3703: 3696: 3691: 3684: 3679: 3672: 3667: 3665: 3657: 3652: 3645: 3640: 3633: 3628: 3621: 3616: 3609: 3608:Snelders 2005 3604: 3597: 3596:Snelders 2005 3592: 3585: 3580: 3573: 3568: 3561: 3560:Snelders 2005 3556: 3549: 3544: 3537: 3532: 3525: 3520: 3513: 3508: 3501: 3496: 3489: 3484: 3477: 3476:Tortello 2002 3472: 3465: 3460: 3453: 3448: 3432: 3428: 3422: 3415: 3414: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3395: 3394:Campbell 1988 3390: 3383: 3378: 3371: 3366: 3359: 3354: 3347: 3342: 3335: 3330: 3323: 3318: 3311: 3306: 3299: 3294: 3292: 3284: 3279: 3272: 3267: 3265: 3257: 3252: 3245: 3240: 3233: 3228: 3221: 3216: 3209: 3204: 3197: 3192: 3185: 3180: 3173: 3168: 3166: 3159:, p. 55. 3158: 3153: 3146: 3141: 3134: 3129: 3122: 3117: 3110: 3105: 3099:, p. 99. 3098: 3093: 3087:, p. 54. 3086: 3081: 3074: 3069: 3062: 3057: 3050: 3045: 3038: 3033: 3026: 3021: 3014: 3009: 3002: 2997: 2990: 2985: 2978: 2973: 2966: 2961: 2955:, p. 91. 2954: 2949: 2942: 2937: 2930: 2925: 2919:, p. 34. 2918: 2913: 2907:, p. 52. 2906: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2889: 2884: 2877: 2872: 2865: 2860: 2854:, p. 51. 2853: 2848: 2841: 2836: 2829: 2824: 2817: 2812: 2806:, p. 83. 2805: 2800: 2793: 2788: 2781: 2776: 2770:, p. 50. 2769: 2764: 2757: 2752: 2746:, p. 71. 2745: 2740: 2733: 2728: 2721: 2716: 2709: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2693:, p. 61. 2692: 2687: 2680: 2675: 2668: 2663: 2656: 2651: 2644: 2639: 2632: 2627: 2620: 2615: 2608: 2603: 2596: 2591: 2584: 2579: 2572: 2567: 2560: 2555: 2549:, p. 54. 2548: 2543: 2536: 2531: 2524: 2519: 2512: 2507: 2500: 2495: 2488: 2483: 2476: 2471: 2465:, p. 48. 2464: 2459: 2452: 2447: 2441:, p. 54. 2440: 2435: 2429:, p. 52. 2428: 2423: 2416: 2411: 2404: 2399: 2392: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2376:, p. 49. 2375: 2370: 2363: 2358: 2351: 2346: 2340:, p. 47. 2339: 2334: 2327: 2322: 2316:, p. 43. 2315: 2310: 2303: 2298: 2291: 2286: 2279: 2274: 2267: 2262: 2256:, p. 40. 2255: 2250: 2248: 2241:, p. 90. 2240: 2235: 2228: 2223: 2216: 2211: 2204: 2199: 2192: 2187: 2180: 2175: 2168: 2163: 2156: 2151: 2144: 2139: 2132: 2127: 2125: 2117: 2112: 2105: 2100: 2093: 2088: 2081: 2076: 2069: 2064: 2058:, p. 16. 2057: 2052: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2028: 2027:Knighton 2008 2023: 2016: 2011: 2004: 1999: 1992: 1987: 1980: 1975: 1968: 1963: 1961: 1953: 1948: 1941: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1924: 1923:Williams 1959 1919: 1917: 1910:, p. 62. 1909: 1904: 1902: 1894: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1843: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1816: 1815:Monmouthshire 1811: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1784: 1780: 1779:Captain Blood 1775: 1768: 1767:Peter Warlock 1762: 1755: 1749: 1739: 1732: 1726: 1717: 1710: 1704: 1694: 1685: 1676: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1651: 1644: 1640: 1634: 1627: 1621: 1614: 1608: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1587: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1567: 1561: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1510: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1486: 1481: 1475: 1473: 1468: 1460: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1441:landed gentry 1438: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1394: 1389: 1388: 1383: 1382: 1377: 1376: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1358: 1353: 1352: 1351:Captain Blood 1347: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1321:Captain Blood 1317: 1308: 1307: 1306:Captain Blood 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1226: 1219: 1217: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1204:state funeral 1201: 1197: 1187: 1185: 1180: 1177: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1151: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1131: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1112: 1111: 1105: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1089: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1074:Privy Council 1069: 1067: 1063: 1057: 1054: 1045: 1036: 1034: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 991: 989: 985: 981: 973: 969: 960: 956: 954: 944: 940: 938: 937:Robert Searle 933: 931: 927: 923: 922:Chagres River 919: 915: 911: 907: 902: 900: 892: 891: 886: 881: 876: 866: 864: 860: 855: 851: 849: 845: 841: 833: 829: 824: 820: 818: 812: 810: 806: 800: 794: 790: 786: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 738: 735: 731: 727: 723: 720: 716: 712: 705: 701: 697: 693: 688: 678: 676: 667: 663: 661: 657: 651: 647: 645: 641: 635: 625: 619: 614: 610: 608: 604: 598: 596: 593:(now part of 592: 587: 579: 575: 570: 560: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 537: 535: 529: 527: 523: 522: 517: 513: 508: 505: 500: 496: 491: 489: 485: 481: 476: 468: 463: 454: 452: 448: 444: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 418: 416: 412: 411: 406: 402: 398: 394: 393:Monmouthshire 390: 380: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 329: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 298: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 271:modern Panamá 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 229:in the early 228: 224: 220: 216: 215:Monmouthshire 211: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 182: 171: 167: 163: 154: 151: 148: 144: 140: 136: 133: 130: 126: 123: 122: 117: 113: 102: 98: 93: 92:Monmouthshire 89: 85: 73: 69: 65: 59: 54: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 7874:1630s births 7833: 7706:Pirate Round 7686: 7657:Space pirate 7631:Treasure map 7550: 7543: 7536: 7529: 7522: 7515: 7508: 7501: 7494: 7487: 7480: 7473: 7466: 7421:Roronoa Zoro 7371:Jack Sparrow 7311:Captain Nemo 7306:Captain Hook 7228: 7220: 7196: 7066: 7023: 7015: 7006: 6997: 6988: 6975: 6958:Dai Hong Dan 6957: 6949: 6942: 6934: 6926: 6913: 6894: 6713: 6708:Whydah Gally 6706: 6699: 6692: 6685: 6678: 6671: 6664: 6659:Ganj-i-Sawai 6657: 6650: 6643: 6636: 6629: 6623:Pirate ships 6575:Luis Fajardo 6560:James Brooke 6550:David Porter 6522:Zheng Yi Sao 6497:William Kidd 6452:Stede Bonnet 6437:Shap-ng-tsai 6417:Samuel Mason 6337:Peter Easton 6287:Mary Lindsey 6237:Lai Choi San 6227:Joseph Barss 6222:Joseph Baker 6192:John Hawkins 6187:Johanna Hård 6177:Jean Lafitte 6172:Jan Janszoon 6162:Israel Hands 6142:Henry Morgan 6141: 6132:Henri Caesar 6047:Dirk Chivers 5982:Black Caesar 5907:Abshir Boyah 5778:Other waters 5759:Persian Gulf 5747:Somali Coast 5735:Indian Ocean 5707:Spanish Main 5622:River pirate 5600:Moro pirates 5575:Child pirate 5500:21st century 5409:Zheng Yi Sao 5379:Henry Morgan 5378: 5374:Samuel Mason 5354:Jean Lafitte 5349:William Kidd 5334:Bill Johnson 5299:Israel Hands 5209:Stede Bonnet 5194:Joseph Baker 5138:Thomas Lynch 5126: 5121: 5095: 5090: 5064: 5059: 5054:Thomas Lynch 5032:, Data Wales 5009:(2): 30–37. 5006: 5000: 4973: 4969: 4932: 4928: 4895: 4889: 4861: 4855: 4825:. Retrieved 4811: 4785:. Retrieved 4771: 4753:. Retrieved 4743: 4724:. Retrieved 4718: 4702:. Retrieved 4696: 4680:. Retrieved 4675: 4660:. Retrieved 4656: 4641:. Retrieved 4637: 4613:. Retrieved 4599: 4581:. Retrieved 4576: 4564: 4552:. Retrieved 4548: 4532:. Retrieved 4528:the original 4515: 4503:. Retrieved 4479:. Retrieved 4465: 4447:. Retrieved 4443: 4427:. Retrieved 4423: 4404:. Retrieved 4397: 4381:. Retrieved 4376: 4347: 4328: 4308: 4287: 4267: 4246: 4241:Pope, Dudley 4222: 4199: 4179: 4159: 4139: 4136:Latimer, Jon 4116: 4096: 4076: 4055: 4031: 4010: 3991: 3970: 3949: 3926: 3907: 3888: 3868:, 4039–4047. 3861: 3849: 3837: 3810: 3798: 3786: 3779:Cornell 2014 3774: 3762: 3750: 3738: 3726: 3714: 3707:Firaxis 2004 3702: 3690: 3678: 3651: 3639: 3627: 3620:Pringle 2001 3615: 3603: 3591: 3584:Pringle 2001 3579: 3572:Pringle 2001 3567: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3519: 3507: 3495: 3483: 3471: 3464:Latimer 2009 3459: 3447: 3435:. Retrieved 3430: 3421: 3412: 3389: 3377: 3365: 3353: 3346:Cundall 1936 3341: 3329: 3317: 3312:, 3879–3885. 3305: 3278: 3271:Burnard 2004 3251: 3239: 3227: 3215: 3203: 3191: 3179: 3152: 3140: 3128: 3116: 3104: 3092: 3080: 3068: 3056: 3049:Barbour 1911 3044: 3032: 3025:Barbour 1911 3020: 3013:Francis 2006 3008: 2996: 2984: 2972: 2960: 2948: 2936: 2924: 2912: 2883: 2871: 2859: 2847: 2835: 2823: 2811: 2799: 2787: 2775: 2763: 2751: 2739: 2727: 2720:Barbour 1911 2715: 2686: 2674: 2662: 2650: 2638: 2633:, 1652–1680. 2626: 2614: 2602: 2590: 2578: 2573:, 1524–1534. 2566: 2561:, 1410–1425. 2554: 2542: 2530: 2518: 2506: 2494: 2482: 2470: 2458: 2446: 2434: 2422: 2410: 2398: 2369: 2362:Barbour 1911 2357: 2345: 2333: 2321: 2309: 2297: 2285: 2273: 2261: 2234: 2222: 2210: 2198: 2186: 2174: 2167:Latimer 2009 2162: 2150: 2138: 2111: 2099: 2092:Latimer 2009 2087: 2080:Latimer 2009 2075: 2063: 2051: 2022: 2010: 1998: 1993:, p. 4. 1991:Latimer 2009 1986: 1974: 1947: 1940:Blalock 2000 1810: 1799: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1761: 1748: 1738: 1730: 1725: 1716: 1703: 1693: 1684: 1675: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1642: 1633: 1620: 1615:(1665–1667). 1607: 1600:Lord Windsor 1586: 1578: 1574: 1560: 1550: 1543: 1540:Pope, Dudley 1533: 1526: 1518: 1509: 1494:Welsh county 1483: 1457: 1453: 1444: 1432:Peter Leeson 1429: 1399:In 1944 the 1398: 1391: 1385: 1379: 1373: 1367: 1361: 1355: 1349: 1339: 1329: 1319: 1312: 1304: 1291: 1286: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1267: 1261: 1230: 1223: 1220: 1212: 1193: 1181: 1173: 1158: 1148: 1132: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1108: 1107:Report from 1090: 1082: 1070: 1058: 1050: 1032: 1008: 992: 988:Thomas Lynch 977: 957: 949: 934: 903: 896: 888: 856: 852: 847: 843: 839: 837: 816: 813: 811:would work. 808: 801: 797: 766: 741: 740:The loss of 739: 729: 725: 708: 672: 660:human shield 652: 648: 644:Spanish Main 637: 622: 599: 583: 557:Fort Charles 538: 530: 519: 509: 492: 472: 451:privateering 419: 408: 386: 335:in November 330: 318:peace treaty 299: 212: 210:on Jamaica. 196:Spanish Main 170:Harri Morgan 161: 160: 138:Years active 119: 105:(1688-08-25) 82:most likely 50:Henry Morgan 43: 7879:1688 deaths 7621:Pirate code 7596:Keelhauling 7584:Jolly Roger 7446:Will Turner 7381:José Gaspar 7281:Barbe Rouge 7178:Slave trade 6432:Sister Ping 6362:Rachel Wall 6157:Huang Bamei 6137:Henry Every 6092:Fūma Kotarō 6087:Flying Gang 6002:Calico Jack 5992:Bully Hayes 5795:Falcon Lake 5769:Nosy Boraha 5627:Sea Beggars 5615:Confederate 5585:Filibusters 5319:Huang Bamei 5294:John Halsey 5264:Henry Every 5229:Calico Jack 5002:Archaeology 4726:22 November 4704:17 November 4682:22 November 4643:14 November 4583:13 November 4554:17 November 4505:16 November 4481:10 November 4449:22 November 4429:22 November 4383:16 November 4377:Afi Catalog 4180:Ian Fleming 3866:Thomas 2014 3830:Galvin 2012 3803:Matson 2008 3719:Curtis 2007 3656:Lycett 1996 3334:Thomas 2014 3322:Thomas 2014 3310:Thomas 2014 2941:Thomas 2014 2828:Thomas 2014 2756:Thomas 2014 2732:Paxman 2011 2631:Thomas 2014 2607:Thomas 2014 2595:Thomas 2014 2571:Thomas 2014 2559:Thomas 2014 2511:Thomas 2014 2403:Thomas 2014 2350:Thomas 2014 2326:Little 2007 2179:Thomas 2014 2155:Thomas 2014 2131:Thomas 2014 2104:Thomas 2014 1754:Inquisition 1709:Panama City 1641:'s history 1571:Jon Latimer 1378:(1961) and 1336:Ian Fleming 1331:Cup of Gold 1283:Howard Pyle 1281:(1883) and 1139:Hans Sloane 1085:martial law 926:Panama City 863:prize money 775:powder kegs 711:Île-à-Vache 640:Porto Bello 618:Porto Bello 512:John Morris 434:West Indies 359:, a former 306:Panama City 267:Porto Bello 233:during the 223:West Indies 200:prize money 177: 1635 78: 1635 7939:Port Royal 7889:Privateers 7868:Categories 7780:Categories 7756:Privateers 7718:Matelotage 7652:Air pirate 7616:Pet parrot 7468:The Pirate 7416:Nico Robin 7336:Davy Jones 7276:Tom Ayrton 7250:Pirates in 7139:Piracy Act 7108:Piracy law 7024:North Star 6687:My Revenge 6540:Angelo Emo 6502:Zheng Jing 6467:Thomas Tew 6262:Lo Hon-cho 6082:Flora Burn 6062:Edward Low 6032:Dan Seavey 6027:Chui A-poo 5987:Blackbeard 5932:Anne Bonny 5870:Saint-Malo 5850:Port Royal 5835:Libertatia 5647:Ushkuyniks 5610:Privateers 5605:Narentines 5565:Buccaneers 5495:Golden Age 5369:Edward Low 5364:Lo Hon-cho 5244:Chui A-poo 5214:Anne Bonny 5204:Blackbeard 5131:1680–1682 5069:1674–1675 4839:required.) 4827:13 October 4799:required.) 4787:10 October 4755:10 October 4627:required.) 4615:11 January 4493:required.) 4406:10 October 3854:Burke 2018 3842:Burke 2017 3586:, 869–876. 3548:Allen 1976 3536:Allen 1976 3500:Allen 1976 3437:29 January 3382:Talty 2007 3232:Allen 1976 3184:Talty 2007 3121:Allen 1976 3037:Allen 1976 2977:Gosse 2007 2965:Talty 2007 2917:Patel 2013 2876:Earle 2007 2864:Talty 2007 2840:Earle 2007 2816:Allen 1976 2792:Gosse 2007 2679:Gosse 2007 2667:Talty 2007 2655:Talty 2007 2643:Talty 2007 2619:Talty 2007 2583:Talty 2007 2535:Talty 2007 2523:Talty 2007 2499:Talty 2007 2475:Talty 2007 2439:Allen 1976 2374:Allen 1976 2239:Talty 2007 2203:Gosse 2007 2143:Talty 2007 2116:Allen 1976 2068:Allen 1976 2056:Allen 1976 2015:Talty 2007 1952:Gosse 2007 1792:References 1596:Charles II 1498:Llanrumney 1427:, Belize. 1247:See also: 1208:Palisadoes 1200:Port Maria 1028:Anglicised 972:Charles II 756:, both on 719:Royal Navy 549:Willemstad 516:Port Royal 438:apprentice 424:, sent by 389:Llanrumney 383:Early life 326:Charles II 146:Later work 128:Allegiance 84:Llanrumney 7601:Marooning 7229:Brillante 7018:hijacking 7009:hijacking 7000:hijacking 6991:hijacking 6292:Mary Read 6197:John Hoar 6067:Eli Boggs 6037:Diabolito 5818:and bases 5754:Indonesia 5719:Venezuela 5697:Caribbean 5259:Diabolito 4957:145105515 4920:145510457 4662:6 January 4243:(1978) . 4053:(2010) . 3947:(2006) . 3815:Lane 2000 3671:Hold 2005 3488:Pope 1978 3452:Pope 1978 3370:Pope 1978 3298:Pope 1978 3244:Pope 1978 3208:Pope 1978 3172:Pope 1978 3109:Pope 1978 3073:Pope 1978 3061:Pope 1978 3001:Pope 1978 2929:Pope 1978 2888:Pope 1978 2780:Pope 1978 2487:Pope 1978 2451:Pope 1978 2391:Pope 1978 2278:Pope 1978 2227:Pope 1978 1908:Pope 1978 1579:buccaneer 1437:Kris Lane 1417:Clarendon 1407:brand of 1285:'s work, 1176:enslaving 1127:affidavit 805:fire ship 793:Maracaibo 754:Gibraltar 750:Maracaibo 704:Venezuela 696:Maracaibo 287:Gibraltar 283:Venezuela 279:Maracaibo 184:privateer 141:1663–1671 7853:Category 7579:Eyepatch 7451:Zanzibar 7426:Sandokan 7406:Mr. Smee 7271:Askeladd 7199:Incident 7069:incident 6978:incident 6960:incident 6952:incident 6897:incident 6512:Zheng Yi 6507:Zheng Qi 6487:Wang Zhi 6367:Redbeard 6257:Limahong 6207:John Pro 6112:Gan Ning 5997:Cai Qian 5805:Sulu Sea 5632:Sea Dogs 5015:41804641 4992:41850027 4949:41857270 4912:41857267 4738:(1959). 4534:13 April 4221:(2011). 4138:(2009). 1658:was the 1542:(1978). 1372:(1961), 1366:(1952), 1360:(1942), 1354:(1935), 1121:(trans: 897:In 1669 848:Magdalen 840:Magdalen 817:Magdalen 809:Magdalen 482:and the 443:Barbados 7817:Pirates 7746:Pirates 7254:culture 7252:popular 7197:Amistad 6998:Zafirah 6701:Saladin 6533:hunters 6322:Ng Akew 5922:Alfhild 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