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390:, pp. 374–375: "The radiocarbon dates for both the cemeteries and the settlement at Sintashta were worryingly diverse, from about 2800-2700 BCE (4200+ 100 BP), for wood from grave 11 in the SM cemetery, to about 1800-1600 BCE (3340+60BP), for wood from grave 5 in the SII cemetery. Probably there was an older Poltavka component at Sintashta, as later was found at many other sites of the Sintashta type, accounting for the older dates. Wood from the central grave of the large kurgan (SB) yielded consistent dates (3520+65, 3570+60, and 3720+120), or about 2100-1800 BCE".
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ceramic styles strongly influenced
Sintashta ceramics. Due to the assimilation of tribes in the region of the Urals, such as the Pit-grave, Catacomb, Poltavka, and northern Abashevo into the Novokumak horizon, it would seem inaccurate to provide Sintashta with a purely
222:
The settlement consisted of rectangular houses arranged in a circle 140 m in diameter and surrounded by a timber-reinforced earthen wall with gate towers and a deep ditch on its exterior. The fortifications at
Sintashta and similar settlements such as
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Based on four samples, the recent dating of
Sintashta culture in Sintashta II settlement, (also known as Levobereznoe) is 2004-1852 calBC (2170-1900 calBC, 95.4% in the beginning of the sequence, and 1940-1660 calBC in the end).
457:, p. 13: "Accordingly, the early 'Sintashta' phase is dated to 2004–1852 calBC. Its boundary events cover the intervals between 2170–1900 calBC at 95.4% at the beginning of the sequence and 1940–1660 calBC at 95.4% at the end".
290:. The majority of the dates, however, are around 2100–1800 BC, which points at a main period of occupation of the site consistent with other settlements and cemeteries of the Sintashta culture.
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402:, p. 371 : "And inside each and every house were the remains of metallurgical activity: slag, ovens, hearths, and copper. Sintashta was a fortified metallurgical industrial center".
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of a slightly later date. It has been suggested that the kind of funerary sacrifices evident at
Sintashta have strong similarities to funerary rituals described in the
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219:. The shifting course of the river over time has destroyed half of the site, leaving behind thirty one of the approximately fifty or sixty houses in the settlement.
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taking place in every house excavated at
Sintashta, again an unprecedented intensity of metallurgical production for the steppe. Early
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Elena E. Kuz'mina, The Origin of the Indo-Iranians, Volume 3, edited by J. P. Mallory, Brill NV, Leiden, 2007, p 222
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494:"Migrations and Cultural Evolution in the Light of Radiocarbon Dating of Bronze Age Sites in the Southern Urals"
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from the settlement and cemeteries span over a millennium, suggesting an earlier occupation belonging to the
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The
Sintashta culture - earliest chariots, fortified settlements and bronze metallurgy. Ivan Semyan
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Five cemeteries have been found associated with the site, the largest of which (known as
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Sintashta: archaeological sites of the Aryan tribes of the Ural-Kazakhstan Steppe
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215:. The site is named for the adjacent Sintashta River, a tributary to the
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were of unprecedented scale for the steppe region. There is evidence of
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Epimakhov, Andrey; Zazovskaya, Elya; Alaeva, Irina (August 7, 2023).
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531:] (in Russian). Chelyabinsk: Южно-Уральское книжное изд-во.
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Objects of cultural heritage of Russia of federal significance
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185:. It is the remains of a fortified settlement dating to the
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523:Генинг, В. Ф.; Зданович, Г. Б.; Генинг, В. В.; (1992).
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Populated places disestablished in the 2nd millennium BC
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Populated places established in the 3rd millennium BC
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or SM) consisted of forty graves. Some of these were
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2078:Cultural heritage monuments in Chelyabinsk Oblast
2019:
16:Archeological site in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia
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477:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
247:attribution. In the origin of Sintashta, the
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1905:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
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1752:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
642:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
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455:Epimakhov, Zazovskaya & Alaeva 2023
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2007:Siberian Collection of Peter the Great
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1962:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
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1957:Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription
958:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
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474:The Horse, the Wheel, and Language
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1967:Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka
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2002:Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum)
1947:Aramaic Inscription of Laghman
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266:in the world. Others included
251:would play an important role.
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953:Silk Road transmission of art
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207:Sintashta is situated in the
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69:Shown within Continental Asia
1952:Kandahar Aramaic inscription
72:Show map of Continental Asia
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471:Anthony, David W. (2007).
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211:just east of the southern
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1177:Merke Turkic Sanctuaries
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1997:Saksanokhur gold buckle
1885:Hephthalite silver bowl
1762:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa
802:Second Turkic Khaganate
603:History of Central Asia
294:Sintashta II settlement
145:52.486222°N 60.188278°E
1977:Stamp seal (BM 119999)
1737:Alexandria Prophthasia
762:First Turkic Khaganate
697:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
1787:Gawhar Shad Mausoleum
1162:Karsakpay inscription
617:Mal'ta–Buret' culture
196:–1600 BC, and is the
1594:Kutlug Timur Minaret
1129:Noin-Ula burial site
927:Chinese Central Asia
366:[sʲɪntɐˈʂta]
150:52.486222; 60.188278
1987:Siberian Ice Maiden
1777:Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan
1192:Petrovka settlement
922:Soviet Central Asia
847:Great Seljuq Empire
507:10.1017/RDC.2023.62
421:, pp. 371–375.
175:archaeological site
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1890:Chilek silver bowl
1757:Buddhas of Bamiyan
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1008:Filippovka kurgans
897:Khanate of Bukhara
857:Khwarazmian Empire
782:Ikhshids of Sogdia
627:Afanasievo culture
179:Chelyabinsk Oblast
114:Chelyabinsk Oblast
100:Show map of Russia
97:Sintashta (Russia)
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2083:Sintashta culture
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912:Chinese Turkestan
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722:Kushano-Sasanians
687:Macedonian Empire
682:Achaemenid Empire
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632:Sintashta culture
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484:978-0-691-05887-0
284:Radiocarbon dates
202:Sintashta culture
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40:Sintashta culture
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1982:Seal of Khingila
1910:Penjikent murals
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692:Seleucid Empire
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1607:
1605:
1604:Monjukli Depe
1602:
1600:
1597:
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1589:Konye-Urgench
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1521:Takht-i Kuwad
1519:
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1280:Koshoy Korgon
1278:
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1047:
1046:Kumtura Caves
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1018:Western China
1015:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1003:Salbyk kurgan
1001:
999:
996:
994:
993:Arzhan kurgan
991:
989:
986:
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963:Serindian art
961:
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862:Mongol Empire
860:
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852:Ghurid Empire
850:
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767:Western Turks
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730:
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723:
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717:Kushan Empire
715:
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708:
705:
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702:Guiyi Circuit
700:
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695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
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677:Median Empire
675:
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670:
668:
665:
663:
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657:Tagar culture
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538:5-7688-0577-X
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84:
56:
46:
41:
35:
30:
23:
1919:
1850:Mount Khajeh
1817:Qala-i-Jangi
1797:Khair Khaneh
1702:Khair Khaneh
1609:Namazga-Tepe
1564:Anau culture
1541:Turkmenistan
1458:Tavka Kurgan
1353:Balalyk Tepe
1270:Burana Tower
1260:Aigyr-Zhal 2
1152:Issyk kurgan
987:
887:Kart dynasty
882:Sufi dynasty
872:Golden Horde
797:Oghuz Yabgus
772:Tang dynasty
737:Hephthalites
662:Uyuk culture
528:
497:
472:
450:
441:
434:Anthony 2007
419:Anthony 2007
400:Anthony 2007
395:
388:Anthony 2007
383:
311:
297:
282:
275:
255:
253:
245:Indo-Iranian
221:
206:
170:
169:
136:60°11′17.8″E
133:52°29′10.4″N
1942:Kabul hoard
1875:Sokh snakes
1827:Surkh Kotal
1792:Haji Piyada
1767:Darra-e Kur
1732:Yemshi Tepe
1727:Tillya Tepe
1722:Tepe Fullol
1712:Tepe Narenj
1707:Tapa Sardar
1697:Fondukistan
1662:Tapa Shotor
1642:Tepe Fullol
1634:Afghanistan
1463:Toprak-Kala
1448:Shahrukhiya
1398:Kampir Tepe
1388:Itchan Kala
1343:Ancient Pap
1300:Shakh Fazil
1172:Krasnyi Yar
1076:Mogao Caves
1036:Kizil Caves
972:Archaeology
837:Farighunids
792:Turk Shahis
732:Alchon Huns
498:Radiocarbon
194: 2800
148: /
124:Coordinates
2022:Categories
1822:Rag-i-Bibi
1647:Ai-Khanoum
1579:Gonur Depe
1574:Dev-Kesken
1511:Kafir-kala
1501:Ajina tepe
1483:Tajikistan
1443:Sarmishsay
1428:Kyzyl-Kala
1408:Khalchayan
1393:Kafir-kala
1373:Fayaz Tepe
1358:Burchmulla
1320:Uzbekistan
1310:Tash Rabat
1285:Manas Ordo
1252:Kyrgyzstan
1139:Kazakhstan
842:Ghaznavids
747:Ustrushana
742:Tocharians
672:Massagetae
376:References
362:pronounced
236:metallurgy
187:Bronze Age
164:Settlement
1868:Artifacts
1742:Aq Kupruk
1692:Mes Aynak
1624:Ulug Depe
1559:Altyndepe
1506:Cyropolis
1496:Penjikent
1468:Varakhsha
1403:Kara Tepe
1348:Ayaz-Kala
1338:Akhsikath
1328:Afrasiyab
1275:Issyk-Kul
1265:Balasagun
1111:Beshbalik
988:Sintashta
948:Silk Road
877:Ilkhanate
832:Ma'munids
727:Kidarites
358:Синташта́
198:type site
171:Sintashta
26:Синташта́
20:Sintashta
1802:Mundigak
1782:Firozkoh
1672:Shotorak
1491:Bunjikat
1383:Hazorasp
1207:Shilikty
1197:Boralday
1121:Mongolia
1056:Dunhuang
827:Samanids
757:Farghana
610:Polities
500:: 1–15.
277:Rig Veda
264:chariots
110:Location
42:(violet)
1747:Asqalan
1682:Bimaran
1677:Paitava
1619:Togolok
1554:Abiward
1438:Poykent
1423:Koktepe
1290:Navekat
1167:Kerderi
1157:Jankent
1106:Kashgar
1081:Tumshuq
1026:Bulayïq
936:Culture
752:Khuttal
712:Xiongnu
464:Sources
354:Russian
200:of the
1812:Nagara
1584:Jeitun
1516:Sarazm
1202:Sawran
1147:Begash
1101:Khotan
1096:Loulan
707:Yuezhi
535:
481:
272:kurgan
233:bronze
229:copper
225:Arkaim
209:steppe
183:Russia
173:is an
118:Russia
1657:Hadda
1413:Khiva
1305:Suyab
1295:Özgön
1232:Urpek
1217:Sumbe
1182:Otrar
1071:Rawak
1061:Miran
1031:Kucha
527:[
303:Notes
217:Tobol
1837:Iran
1614:Nisa
1599:Merv
1569:Anau
1066:Niya
647:Saka
533:ISBN
479:ISBN
231:and
161:Type
502:doi
177:in
2024::
496:.
426:^
407:^
360:,
356::
352:;
345:ɑː
333:ɑː
280:.
191:c.
189:,
181:,
116:,
778:)
774:(
595:e
588:t
581:v
541:.
510:.
504::
487:.
348:/
342:t
339:ˈ
336:ʃ
330:t
327:n
324:ɪ
321:s
318:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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