Sinopec - Knowledge

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largest petrochemical deal in Ecuadorian history. Beginning in 2012, Chinese banks began large financing agreements with Ecuador to pre-pay for oil procured via Andes Petroleum. In 2006, locals occupied and stopped work at an Andes Petroleum facility to demand the company create 400 local jobs. Andes Petroleum is required to pay profit sharing to its employees. In 2009 the company was fined $ 16 million for not including contractors in the profit sharing agreement. The company had made the correct total amount of payouts but not distributed them to enough people. Ecuador conducted major oil industry reforms in 2007 and 2010 which promoted many international oil companies to exit the Ecuadorian market. Sinopec, on the other hand, remained. As part of these reforms, Ecuador required that local labor be used for over 90% of unskilled and administrative positions. This put an end to further disputes about local job creation. International observers note that Andes Petroleum's operations were among the most successful in Ecuador through 2014. This success prompted an expansion of its operations. The company has generally had better relations with the local population than EnCana did. International observers note that Andes Petroleum's operations were among the most successful in Ecuador through 2014. This success prompted an expansion of its operations. The company has generally had better relations with the local population than EnCana did. Most of the planned expansions were halted in 2019 when opposition from environmental activists and small indigenous tribes prompted Ecuadorian courts to find that the tribes had not been properly consulted.

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machinery in exploration and road construction by Sinopec through park, noting that it might drive native gorillas deeper into the jungle, where they would be outside legal restrictions on hunting. Gabonese law states that industries can extract oil from national parks, but must rehabilitate them to the prior condition. Boesch, and other international experts, have suggested that Sinopec use other methods such as horizontal drilling to minimize its environmental footprint. Sinopec's activities in Gabon's national parks were suspended in September 2006, by the Gabonese national parks council. In 2007, Sinopec redid its earlier environmental study, this time in conjunction with the Gabonese environmentalist group Enviropass and the World Wildlife Foundation, winning high marks from Gabonese, Western, and Chinese conservation experts. Shortly thereafter, Sinopec resumed production with more environmentally friendly methods.

1420: 490: 8213: 7084: 6782: 4812: 1489: 986: 4757: 376: 464: 1273:, on the Atlantic coast. The other two — DR200 and GT2000 - are around 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Port Gentil, according to the Gabonese oil ministry. In 2013 and 2014 Sinopec and the Gabonese government had significant disputes over licensing and fees. The Gabonese government nationalized one of the oilfields that Sinopec was previously licensed to extract from. Ultimately negotiations between the parties resulted in new leases for Sinopec's further extraction. 1320: 7697: 6734: 82: 1503: 475: 331: 313: 296: 279: 255: 1517: 32: 1013:

million to settle a Swiss bribery investigation of their operations in Nigeria. Sinopec claimed the office closure was due to low oil prices. The alleged bribes stemmed from a tax dispute between Sinopec Addax and the Nigerian government. Both sides claimed they had not received their fair share of benefits. The dispute was settled in 2015. Addax's resources were concentrated in West Africa and

1406: 914:, which should achieve an annual production capacity of 20,000 tonnes of hydrogen by 2025. The hydrogen is planned to be supplied to Sinopec's Tahe refinery. Construction is expected to cost 3 billion yuan (US$ 470 million). In 2021, Sinopec was already the largest Chinese producer of grey hydrogen which is hydrogen fuel produced via petrochemical processing without recapturing the carbon. 1398:

ranking nature of Sinopec's leaders in the communist party the party does not have total control over the company and the company can exert influence on the government to get support in financing, international agreements, and pricing. For example, even though the state owns Sinopec, the company did not pay the state any dividends until 2008. Sinopec also appoints a member to the

892:, Sinopec reported a loss of 23 billion yuan in the January to June time frame of 2020. In 2021, they reported a 22% increase in revenue as the demand for fuel and oil slowly returned to normal. In 2022, the company reported a 25% net income increase in the first quarter. Diesel output was increased by almost 10% that year and the gasoline production saw only a 0.7% increase. 73: 1128:, when they unveiled that a NIO Power Swap Station 2.9 would be put into the Sinopec Chaoying Station in Beijing. Additionally, the partnership was to include cooperation between the two companies in new materials, smart EV technology, Battery-as-a-Service (BaaS), construction of recreational facilities, as well as the purchase of 865:

stake in SECCO through its Gaoqiao subsidiary for $ 1.68 billion. Gaoqiao's operations predate the creation of Sinopec and it operates 75 plants for producing finished petroleum products such as fuels, oils, organic compounds. Ineos bought out half of Sinopec's share of SECCO in 2022 as part of a broader partnership deal.

1265:, including a "memorandum of agreement aimed at showing the parties' desire to develop exploration, exploitation, refining and export activities of oil products". Three onshore fields were to be explored. One of the three blocks, LT2000, is some 200 kilometers (120 mi) southeast of Gabon's economic hub, 1017:. Sinopec's assumption of the agreements with the Kurds created difficulty in forming new agreements with the Iraqi government because Iraq has a long standing policy against dealing with anyone who makes agreements with the Kurds. However these issues did not spread to other Chinese energy companies. 938:

and Chinese banks. Several experts claim that the role of direct financing support is not as important as indirect support. Large foreign purchases are particularly notable in the Chinese context because they require approval by the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Council. The

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In Angola, as of at least 2023, Sinopec is a part minority owner of several offshore projects via Sinopec's half ownership of a joint venture with the private company Sonangol Sinopec International. Sinopec is also a part owner of the joint venture POLY-GCL Petroleum, which as of 2023 is developing a

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At the end of June 2023, Sinopec Overseas Investment Holding was established as a vehicle for investment, construction and operation of overseas refineries. Overseas investments at the time amount to 400,000 barrels per day at the Yasref refinery, as well as the $ 10 billion Amur Gas Chemical Complex

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made a large impact on Chinese foreign policy and Chinese oil companies put a higher priority on mergers and acquisitions in the following years. Prior to this shift, Sinopec relied more heavily on off-taker agreements to gain access to foreign markets. According to the OECD, foreign oil ventures are

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Sinopec has demonstrated a willingness, characteristic Chinese national oil companies, to invest in foreign, often risky, infrastructure. These firms work concert with the Chinese state owned financial sector via direct low cost financing and indirect infrastructure agreements between foreign nations

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The chairman of Sinopec, like all Chinese National Oil Companies, is a vice minister. This is a political appointment set by the Ministry of Personnel. This means that the post is always given to high ranking communist party members as a reward for career achievement in the industry. Due to the high

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Sinopec is a partner in Petrodar Operating Company Ltd., a consortium whose partners also include China National Petroleum Corporation and Sudapet (the Sudanese state-owned oil company), among others. In 2005, Petrodar commenced production of oil in blocks 3 and 7 in South-east Sudan and transported

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In 2009, Sinopec acquired Addax Petroleum Corp for $ 7.24 billion. This was the largest foreign purchase by a Chinese company. Addax was producing an average of 136,500 barrels per day. Addax was based in Geneva at the time, but the Geneva office was closed in 2017 after Sinopec agreed to pay $ 31.8

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oil refinery and triple its capacity to 240,000 barrels per day (38,000 m/d) by 2009. Aramco, Exxon and Sinopec also signed contracts for a fuel marketing venture that will manage 750 service stations and a network of terminals in Fujian province. Their subsidiaries also expanded cooperation in

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and oil was first drilled in 2006. Rosneft expanded its cooperation with Sinopec in a joint venture called Udmurtneft. They acquired access to 551 million barrels of proven reserves and facilities capable of producing 120,000 barrels per day. The entirety of the deal was financed by Sinopec, but the

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on upstream profits. At the beginning of 2006, Chinese retail gasoline and diesel sales were not profitable for Sinopec sales were hurting the compnay's financials. To pressure the NDRC, Sinopec and CNPC cut production causing long lines at the pump. This lead to NDRC approving a 15% increase in the

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China's top environmental watchdog warned Sinopec in 2007 to stop operations at one of its oil fields due to chronic river pollution. Zhongyuan Oilfields Petrochemical Company, a unit of Sinopec, had failed to meet waste water treatment requirements and had been ordered to pay a pollution fine and

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in southern Gabon and encountered criticism for what domestic and foreign environmental critics said were poor and damaging methods. Primatology professor Christophe Boesch of the US-based environmental organization, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), criticized the use of dynamite and heavy

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In 2008, Sinopec bought Tanganyika Oil for $ 2 billion giving Sinopec access to its Syrian oil fields. These fields were reported to have over a billion barrels of crude reserves and a trillion cubic feet of natural gas reserve. However, the Syrian investments became significantly less valuable in

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partnered with Sinopec, in 2005, to build SECCO an ethylene derivatives plant with an initial investment of $ 2.7 billion. It is located in the Shanghai Chemical Industry Park, and generates over 3.2 million tons of petrochemical products annually. In 2017, Sinopec bought out the remainder of BP's

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Sinopec Limited was established as a joint stock entity under the China Petrochemical Corporation Group (Sinopec Group) in February 2000. The company was simultaneously listed in Hong Kong, New York, and London in October 2000. The IPO raised $ 3.5 billion. A Shanghai listing was completed in June

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Guangdong Provincial Environment Bureau (GPEB) had also issued a red sign warning to 19 companies, including Sinopec Guangzhou, in February 2008. By GPEB's standard, the companies that have involved in excessive emissions or caused serious environmental pollution accidents will be given the red

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agreed to supply 13,000 barrels of oil per day for the following 15 years in return for the Master Facility Agreement. The MFA was a $ 3 billion six year loan from CDB which Ghanaian President Mills and Hu-Jintao directly negotiated on. The MFA also required Ghana to spend most of the funds on

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In 2005, Sinopec and CNPC jointly purchased EnCana an Ecuadorian Petrochemical company for $ 1.42 billion. The purchase gave the joint venture, called Andes Petroleum Company, access to over 62,000 barrels per day of crude and the OCP pipeline which can pump 450,000 barrels per day. It was the

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NEC: National Energy Commission; SASAC State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission; MOF: Ministry of Finance; MOFA: Ministry of Foreign Affairs; NDRC: National Development and Reform Commission; NEA: National Energy Administration; CBRC: China Banking Regulatory Commission; SOE:

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On 21 December 2006, gas started leaking during the drilling of a test well by the Sinopec Southern Prospecting and Development Branch in Quingxi. 12,380 people were evacuated after the leakage occurred. It took at least three attempts and two weeks for the company to seal the leak.

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and has access to 15 million barrels of crude oil reserve and 700 billion cubic feet of natural gas. The deal closed with Sinopec getting an 18% stake for $ 680 million. This project aligned with China's goal of doubling gas' share of energy production during the 2009-2015 period.

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Sinopec posted a 6.8% operating margin for the 2006 financial year. Profit was limited in part by government price controls on downstream petrochemical products. The National Development and Reform Commission sets gasoline and diesel prices and the Ministry of Finance collects

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2001. Prior to its operation as a company Sinopec's assets came from the Ministry of Petroleum Industry and the Ministry of Chemical Industry which partially privatized in the 1980s. Given its legacy asset base from Sinopec Group, analysts have categorized it as a more

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In September 2023, Sinopec used a tender to purchase 30 cargoes of LNG from more than 10 suppliers for additional supply to begin in October 2023. This additional supply helped China during the winter months as well as offset the lacking supply from Venture Global.

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an attractive investment for Chinese national oil companies because China is a larger importer of oil and wants to control its supply chain. According to the company, in 2022, foreign operations were staffed 74% by local workers rather than Chinese employees.

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China's imports of U.S. natural gas will more than double. In March 2022, a memorandum of understanding was signed between Sinopec and Aramco to strengthen the already existing ties between the companies and to improve their downstream operations.

882:'s goal of producing more ethylene domestically in order to rely less heavily on foreign imports. It will provide 800,000 tons/year which is a significant step towards the NDRC's 2015 goal of raising domestic production by 7.5 millions tons/year. 2332: 1347:(ONLF), later released the seven abductees and warned foreign companies against working in the area. Sinopec said it had no plans to pull out of the resource-rich region despite the attack. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson 877:

Sinopec completed construction of a new ethylene plant in Wuhan at the end of 2012. The construction of this plant was done as a joint venture with the South Korean SK Group. This facility was planned in alignment with the

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SGPS SA which owns the rights to biggest discovered oil reserve in the western hemisphere since 1976. This brought the total investment of Chinese energy companies in foreign oil assets for the year to $ 16 billion.

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Tianjin the following year. They invested over $ 3 billion from 2008 to 2019 expanding the ethylene production capacity multiple times and finally achieving 1.3 million tons per year of production.

1300:. In 2013, Unipec halted work on the project to pressure Ghana into making amendments to the MFA that CDB had requested. By 2014, Ghana had only received $ 600 million of the promised MFA funds. 3460: 1059:

An existing base of joint ventures between BP and Sinopec was expanded via cooperative bunker fuel projects. These operations were then expanded in 2015. Bunker fuel was delivered to ports in

1474:, inner Mongolia, 430Mio $ are to be invested in a 400MW windfarm, for the production of 20,000 tons of green hydrogen per year. The first phase of construction started by the end of 2022. 3389: 2324: 1755: 1039:

Sinopec invested $ 7.1 billion in Repsol Brazil to begin a new partnership in 2010. In 2011, Sinopec additionally invested $ 5.2 billion for a 30 percent stake in the Brazilian unit of

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began. The turmoil forced Sinopec to stop regular operations in Syria. The company negotiated with several parties in Syria on multiple occasions in an attempt to restart operations.

2180: 1237:. With the investment, it will be the third company with ties to Sri Lanka and the rights to operate 150 petrol stations. The refinery is to be built in the south of the country, at 1009:. AED was heavily indebted at the time of the purchase in part due to the Puffin oil fields producing less than expected. Sinopec took over operation of these fields after the sale. 8867: 8058: 7874: 1451:

The former head of the companies' board of directors Chen Tonghai was sentenced to death in July 2009 after being accused of corruption. He had been relieved of his post in 2007.

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As of 2021 Sinopec was the largest supplier of geothermal energy in China. Sinopec plans to expand this with the goal of creating what their leadership calls "smogless cities".

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seceded it took most of Sudan's oil reserves with it. The Petrodas pipeline is used to transport South Sudan's oil for export in Sudan. In 2024, fighting in the vicinity of

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Cody, Edward (April 26, 2007). "China's expansion puts workers in harm's way; attack on ethiopian oil field highlights political perils of pursuing resources abroad".

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them via its new pipeline. Petrodar's operations represent a major increase in overall Sudanese oil production. Sinopec is also looking into other companies such as

3670: 8837: 5152: 4800: 3657: 1931: 1226:(CIIE) on 4 November 2023, Sinopec signed various purchase agreements totalling $ 40.3 billion, one of those was a 27-year purchase deal with QatarEnergy for LNG. 1102:

Sinopec Addax made a $ 1.5 billion investment in North Sea drilling operations in 2012. The investment was rebranded multiple times. Originally, the deal was with

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In 2013, company sold a 30 percent stake of an oil and gas block in Myanmar to Taiwan's CPC Corp. This was followed by Sinopec's acquisition of a 33% stake in

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and academic Joshua Eisenman, the Ethiopian project underscore China's commitment to expanding its import of liquified natural gas from African countries.

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signed a $ 2 billion loan with Angola to finance infrastructure projects by Chinese companies. This led to the Angolan government blocking a deal between

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price at the pump. To offset losses from the price controls, the state gave Sinopec $ 1.1 billion in subsidy during 2005 and $ 647 million in 2006.

6080: 5378: 3798: 2204: 1399: 1036:. The OECD notes Sinopec's attraction to the Syncrude deal is partly explained by a desire to acquire technical knowledge on oil sands extraction. 3608: 3587: 2604: 7376: 1854: 1351:

says that China strongly condemns the violent attack carried out by Somalian insurgents on the premises of the oil company Sinopec in Ethiopia.

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killed at least 62 people, injuring 136, and displacing hundreds more after oil previously leaking onto a street during the day ignited.

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in 2024. Sinopec has set a goal of building 5000 new EV charging stations by 2025 and plans to cooperate with BP on achieving that goal.

2715: 2259: 1385:$ 4 billion natural gas project in Ethiopia, which will include a pipeline to the Djiboutian coast and an export terminal. According to 907:

shifting and storage. The project has been operational since January 2022. The construction of another CCUS project is planned by 2026.

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Chen Aizhu and Florence Tan. (6 April 2022). "Exclusive: China state refiners shun new Russian oil trades, teapots fly under radar".

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Al-SHAFIY, Haider Hamood Radhi (March 2015). "CNPC, CNOOC and SINOPEC in Iraq: Successful Start and Ambitious Cooperation Plan".

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Jiang, Julie; Sinton, Jonathan (February 2011). Overseas Investments by Chinese National Oil Companies (Report). Paris: OECD/IEA.

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A Line in the Equatorial Forests Chinese Investment and the Environmental and Social Impacts of Extractive Industries in Ecuador

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due to new fuel distribution regulations. Also in November, Sinopec was approved for the $ 4.5 billion refinery proposal for

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for the construction of China's first open 10 million tonne open carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) facility.

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Alves, Ana (January 2013). "China's Economic Statecraft and African Mineral Resources: Changing Modes of Engagement".

1419: 50: 8827: 8642: 8187: 7392: 7125: 6695: 5999: 5752: 3184: 1197: 899:, utilisation and storage (CCUS) project in China. It consists of two parts, the Sinopec Qilu carbon capture and the 8637: 8429: 7728: 7325: 6584: 6237: 5732: 5429: 5424: 5235: 4423: 3237: 1344: 1340: 1296:

projects constructed by Chinese contractors. Unipec was awarded the fist $ 750 million of these funds to build the

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In March 2013, Sinopec agreed to pay $ 1.5 billion for its parent company's overseas oil and gas-producing assets.

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was settled for $ 2.1 billion. The dispute began in 2015 over amounts paid by Sinopec and was settled in 2023.

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Anna Hirtenstein and Benoit Faucon. (1 June 2022). "Russian Oil Producers Stay One Step Ahead of Sanctions".

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Hardus, Sarah (8 October 2014). "Chinese National Oil Companies in Ghana: The Cases of cnooc and Sinopec".

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on a Sinopec drilling site left 74 dead including 9 Chinese oil workers, and 7 kidnapped. The rebels, the

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Haggett, Scott; Bergin, Tom; Jordan, Pav; Bryan, Victoria; Sandle, Paul; Rajan, Amitha (June 24, 2009).

2325:"Energy giants Sinopec and BP to strengthen ties in China, explore potential cooperation in EV charging" 1957: 1135:

In November 2021, U.S. producer Venture Global LNG signed a twenty-year contract with Sinopec to supply

551:. Sinopec's business includes oil and gas exploration, refining, and marketing; production and sales of 8780: 8622: 8229: 7913: 7829: 7806: 7407: 7100: 6929: 6292: 5893: 5878: 5840: 5601: 5478: 5017: 4938: 1530: 896: 544: 191: 8028: 7753: 7617: 6839: 6756: 6664: 6197: 5938: 5742: 4486: 2151:"China's Sinopec says world-leading green hydrogen project will take longer than expected to ramp up" 4510: 4459: 4090: 1005:

Sinopec also began investing in Australia in 2008 with its $ 594 million purchase of a 60% stake in

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In 2006, Sinopec withdrew from its operations in Indonesia, but began operations in Russia with a

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On 13 April 2010 the company announced acquisition of Conoco Phillips's 9% stake in the Canadian

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Chen Aizhu. (19 January 2022). "China Sinopec tenders to sell up to 45 LNG cargoes for 2022".

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the company continued doing business in Russia. For this reason Ukraine listed Sinopec as an

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Ukraine designates China’s biggest oil firms as ‘sponsors of war’ for Russian joint ventures

3564:"NIO and Sinopec enter strategic partnership; launch of inaugural Gen2 battery swap station" 2775: 8678: 8546: 8289: 8274: 8048: 8023: 8018: 7943: 7864: 7844: 7763: 7502: 7497: 7477: 7165: 7145: 7089: 6914: 6814: 6466: 6136: 5898: 5780: 5606: 5579: 5562: 5488: 5320: 4820: 4332: 2967: 2181:"Sinopec's green hydrogen ambitions: Five-year growth plan crucial to refiner's transition" 1428: 1336: 154: 8: 8739: 8299: 7180: 7175: 6899: 6614: 6559: 6486: 6375: 6187: 6105: 5785: 5651: 4960: 4648:

http://www.chinacsr.com/2008/02/05/2086-sinopec-guangzhou-receives-warning-for-pollution/

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had 2024 gas stations in 2021. They signed a memorandum of strategic cooperation with

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that explores and drills in various offshore locations including the oil basin near

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Sinopec began production in June 2023 at its first solar powered hydrogen plant in

433: 322: 4588: 1169:, making Sinopec the first Asian buyer to participate in the eastern expansion of 8459: 8359: 8033: 7918: 7702: 7340: 7285: 7250: 6874: 6869: 6859: 6669: 6659: 6401: 6152: 6041: 5967: 5770: 5765: 5695: 5663: 5574: 5290: 5158: 5120: 5003: 4943: 4928: 4728: 4654: 2002:"China's Sinopec posts $ 6 bln H1 profit on rebounding oil prices, better demand" 1103: 990: 917:

Sinopec and BP have worked together since Sinopec formed. Their joint venture in

140: 8485: 2101:"Sinopec plans million-tonne carbon capture project to meet China's 2030 target" 8627: 8516: 8158: 8083: 7928: 7884: 7723: 7517: 7417: 7265: 6994: 6829: 6506: 6426: 6416: 6406: 6347: 6322: 6031: 5972: 5903: 5790: 5775: 5584: 5522: 5267: 5049: 4953: 4948: 4478: 3550:"Apache sells Egyptian oil stake to Sinopec for $ 3.1 billion, forms global JV" 1386: 1308:

Energy which has multiple oil block assets in the Joint Development Zone. When

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Gabon in February 2002. Under the contract China, for the first time, bought

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total price was not disclosed. The sellers claimed offers were $ 4 billion.

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Unipec, a subsidiary of Sinopec, signed a contract with French oil company

1212: 1151: 1040: 970: 962: 947: 870: 532: 440: 4738: 4210:"Sudan Energy Data, Statistics and Analysis - Oil, Gas, Electricity, Coal" 3873:"Sinopec buys over 30 LNG cargoes for winter demand, trading, sources say" 2205:"Sinopec starts construction of green hydrogen plant in Xinjiang - Xinhua" 1229:

In November 2023, Sinopec was charged an annual fee of $ 2 million by the

8647: 8474: 8464: 8379: 8254: 8103: 8078: 8063: 8043: 8003: 7983: 7652: 7447: 7422: 7345: 7270: 7120: 7029: 6999: 6604: 6526: 6476: 6297: 6267: 6212: 6202: 5888: 5567: 5550: 5468: 5330: 5300: 5295: 5115: 4965: 4723: 4187: 3752:"Sinopec to join QatarEnergy's $ 29bn North Field East expansion project" 1309: 1266: 1261:

signed a series of bilateral trade accords with his Gabonese counterpart

1208: 1166: 1052: 536: 509: 235: 4427: 3898:"China's Sinopec signs equity agreement for Kazakh polyethylene project" 1698: 1678: 1319: 8581: 8424: 8404: 7978: 7923: 7811: 7527: 7522: 7315: 7295: 7019: 6979: 6889: 6834: 6654: 6521: 6511: 6277: 6115: 6021: 4887: 4285:"Sudan War Causes Stoppages on South Sudan Oil Pipeline, Officials Say" 2687:"Sinopec buys 18 pct of Chevron Indonesia deep-water project -official" 2389:"Untangling China's Quest for Oil through State-backed Financial Deals" 1471: 1270: 1262: 1250: 1216: 1207:

On 17 October 2023, an equity agreement was signed between Sinopec and

851: 288: 4362:"China condemns raid on Sinopec oil field in Ethiopia - Radio86.co.uk" 4163:"Sinopec's Addax says ends talks with Gabon over disputed oil licence" 3419:

Winning, D (December 2, 2010). "Sinopec to join chevron gas project".

2077:"Sinopec Completes China's First Megaton Scale Carbon Capture Project" 1427:

In 2004, Sinopec prospected for oil in the 1,550 square kilometers of

1219:, which is expected to start construction in the second half of 2024. 8699: 8668: 8602: 8329: 8128: 7854: 7786: 7778: 7738: 7696: 7547: 7467: 6649: 6380: 6327: 6272: 6262: 6172: 6120: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6026: 5707: 5335: 5262: 5220: 5174: 5044: 3609:"Sinopec signs China's largest long-term LNG contract with U.S. firm" 3588:"Sinopec signs China's largest long-term LNG contract with U.S. firm" 1281: 1258: 1234: 1189: 1076: 1072: 1060: 1014: 505: 468: 239: 4451:

China's Sinopec buys Marathon's Angola oil fields for $ 1.52 billion

3972:"Sri Lanka charges US$ 2mn annual fee from Sinopec, R M Parks, LIOC" 3823:"Baosteel inks CCUS research agreement with Sinopec, Shell and BASF" 3461:"BP-Sinopec bunker venture to start fuel oil deliveries to Fujairah" 2126:"Sinopec's first green hydrogen plant starts production in Xinjiang" 81: 8785: 8744: 8369: 8354: 8138: 7938: 7894: 7821: 7562: 7532: 7442: 7260: 6644: 6624: 6619: 6599: 6594: 6370: 6360: 6282: 6217: 5989: 5717: 5673: 5668: 5532: 5191: 4988: 4308:"Sudan oil pipeline resumption imminent, says South Sudan official" 3773:"QatarEnergy selects Sinopec as North Field East expansion partner" 3185:"US probes Sinopec over alleged $ 100m bribe to Nigerian officials" 1459: 1367: 1328: 1125: 1096: 1088: 1064: 1025: 1021: 918: 911: 483: 479: 258: 3509:"Repsol Sinopec gets rebrand after $ 2.1bn dispute deal is closed" 1051:

on a deep water drilling operation. The project is located in the

493:

Entrance to Shanghai Chemical Industry Park where Sinopec operates

474: 8724: 8719: 8444: 8394: 8384: 8374: 8168: 8118: 8098: 8073: 7968: 7710: 7642: 7592: 7582: 7572: 7275: 6302: 6182: 6177: 6092: 4455: 3799:"Sinopec sets up new entity to expand refinery investment abroad" 1502: 1455: 1182: 1129: 1084: 1080: 1068: 1006: 958: 548: 513: 164: 4483:

China's Relations with Africa: a New Era of Strategic Engagement

4023:"Sri Lanka selects China's Sinopec for $ 4.5bn refinery project" 3166:"Glencore Replaces Sinopec In Chevron's South Africa Asset Sale" 2605:"Ecuador Says China Signed $ 2 Billion Oil Deal to Access Crude" 2415:"China's 'Going Out' Policy: Sub-National Economic Trajectories" 2284: 1614:"Rankings and Analysis: Largest Refining Companies in the World" 1257:

crude oil. During his African visit, in 2004, Chinese President

8469: 8344: 8143: 8053: 8013: 7953: 7647: 7567: 7557: 6629: 6516: 6501: 6491: 6451: 6365: 4668:"Ex-Direktoriums-Chef von Sinopec in China zum Tode verurteilt" 4216:. Energy Information Administration. April 2007. Archived from 1363: 1332: 1107: 1092: 978: 4750: 3684:"Sinopec signs huge LNG deals with US producer Venture Global" 2896:"Sinopec, SABIC combine to expand Tianjin ethylene production" 1381:

Corp's Angolan offshore oil and gas field for $ 1.52 billion.

1032:

for C$ 2.2 billion ($ 2.1 billion). Daylight was then renamed

572:

Sinopec crude oil proudction per year, in millions of barrels

366: 8734: 8729: 8449: 8364: 8239: 8212: 8153: 8133: 7427: 7220: 7083: 6781: 6411: 6385: 6355: 6317: 6257: 6252: 6247: 4811: 4091:"Sinopec signs evaluation deal for three oil blocks in Gabon" 3435:"BP, Sinopec start Singapore-based bunker fuel joint venture" 2849:. No. 5. Chemical and Engineering News. February 4, 2008 2592:(Report). Boston University Global Development Policy Center. 1405: 1254: 1170: 1118: 974: 305: 168: 3923:"Sinopec signs new 27-year LNG supply deal with QatarEnergy" 3702:"Aramco and Sinopec to work on downstream projects in China" 3535:"China's Sinopec sells Myanmar energy stake to Taiwan's CPC" 3335:"China's Sinopec buys Repsol Brazil stake for $ 7.1 billion" 1291:

Unipec first became involved in Ghana in December 2011 when

8790: 8334: 8259: 7718: 7537: 7190: 6639: 6579: 6332: 5810: 5099: 5093: 4585:"Gabon/DRC: Chinese companies in the extractive Industries" 4424:"An MBendi Profile – Organisation: Pecten Cameroon Company" 4114:"Gabon to Seize Field as Dispute With Sinopec Unit Worsens" 3728:"China's Sinopec to take stake in Qatar's North Field East" 1988:"Sinopec to pay $ 1.5 billion for parent's oil, gas assets" 1305: 1193: 1165:

In April 2023, an agreement was signed between Sinopec and

1047:

Sinopec reinvested in Indonesia in 2011 by partnering with

950:

in 2000. In 2004, Sinopec began exploring in Saudi Arabia.

262: 231: 4613:. Chinese Government's Official Web Portal. Archived from 1855:"Sinopec to buy BP's interest in SECCO for $ 1.68 billion" 1454:

An oil pipeline explosion on Friday, 22 November 2013, in

1448:

sign warning and will be placed under strict supervision.

72: 6471: 6337: 6110: 4611:"Official: 3rd attempt to cap SW China gas leak succeeds" 1786:"Ineos makes major China push through deals with Sinopec" 8868:

Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange

5153:

China Petroleum Engineering and Construction Corporation

4402:"Addax completes acquisition of Shell's stake in Pecten" 2357: 1106:

and Sinopec exited this investment after a dispute with

6100: 5147:

China Huanqiu Contracting & Engineering Corporation

3211:

Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (In Asia)

922: 861: 4047:"Cabinet nod for SINOPEC to set up Petroleum refinery" 3323:

Globe and Mail, Report on Business p.B3, 2 August 2013

3263:"UPDATE 1-Canada clears Sinopec to buy Syncrude stake" 8009:

Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation

7040:

Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation

3007:"Sinopec pays $ 2 bln for Syria-based Tanganyika Oil" 2799:"Sinopec Sets Deal For Russian Oil, Aided by Rosneft" 2656:

Koenig, Kevin; Mazabanda, Carlos (November 7, 2019).

445: 6701:

International Association of Oil & Gas Producers

3948:"Sinopec takes stake in Qatar LNG expansion project" 2714:

Sharushkina, Nelli; Yen Ling, Song (June 20, 2006).

2260:"Sinopec, Rosneft Clinch Udmurtneft Deal - ProQuest" 2258:

Sharushkina, Nelli; Yen Ling, Song (June 20, 2006).

2053:"China's first megaton-scale CCUS project completed" 2027:"Sinopec Q1 net income jumps 25% on high oil prices" 1484: 2713: 2554:"Consorcio chino asume activos de Encana en Ecuado" 2257: 8823:Companies in the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index 4140:"Addax 'locked in $ 1 bln oil dispute with Gabon'" 3307:"Sinopec makes C$ 2.2bn bid for Canada's Daylight" 2825:"Aramco, Sinopec, Exxon sign Fujian refinery deal" 2360:"China's Sinopec to buy Addax for C$ 8.27 billion" 1414: 8515: 3849:"Shell, Sinopec to explore CCUS project in China" 3115:"AED, Sinopec form JV for AED's Timor Sea assets" 2631:"Ecuador tribe wins legal battle over the Amazon" 1729:Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 993:are a frequent sight on China's roads and rivers. 8858:Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange 8809: 3030: 3028: 2585:Ray, Rebecca; Chimienti, Adam (April 28, 2015). 1884:"BP agrees sale of interest in SECCO to Sinopec" 1400:Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party 8838:Companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange 4112:Lawson, Antione; Jaas, Benjamin (6 June 2013). 3487:"Sinopec makes $ 1.5bn investment in North Sea" 3140:"Addax Petroleum to close operations in Geneva" 3037:"Why China Can't Ignore Syria's Rebel Factions" 2655: 1756:"Quick facts: Petrochina vs. Sinopec and CNOOC" 8908:Multinational companies headquartered in China 4539:"China's Sinopec 'illegally' destroying Gabon" 4278: 4276: 4274: 1440:operations had to be halted, according to the 946:Sinopec established its first drilling rig in 8863:Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange 8501: 8195: 7679: 7377: 7066: 6764: 5236: 4794: 4770: 4477: 3035:Lerner, George Marshall (February 14, 2017). 3025: 2939: 1849: 1847: 1442:State Environmental Protection Administration 415: 401: 4426:. Mbendi.co.za. 31 July 2006. Archived from 4356: 4354: 4072:"China's Sinopec, Total Gabon Sign Oil Deal" 3726:Dahan, Maha El; Mills, Andrew (2023-04-12). 2946:Kont, Memet; Friess, Chad (April 4, 2007). 2584: 2234:"Ma has plans for greener growth at Sinopec" 1981: 1979: 1679:"The Roots of Chinese Oil Investment Abroad" 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 447:Zhōngguó Shíyóu Huàgōng Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī 6825:China United Network Communications Limited 4271: 4161:Farge, Emma; Miles, Tom (16 January 2014). 3357: 3355: 3282:"Scrutinizing Canada's pipeline to Beijing" 2680: 2678: 2548: 2546: 2526:"Oil consortium buys EnCana Ecuador assets" 2487: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2353: 2351: 2349: 1985: 1816: 1814: 1779: 1777: 1358:'s 80% share of an exploration firm called 8508: 8494: 8202: 8188: 7686: 7672: 7384: 7370: 7073: 7059: 6800:China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation 6771: 6757: 5243: 5229: 4900:China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation 4801: 4787: 4755: 4305: 4160: 4111: 3725: 3532: 2945: 2227: 2225: 1878: 1876: 1844: 1354:On 31 October 2011 Sinopec Addax acquired 1124:In 2021, Sinopec began a partnership with 880:National Development and Reform Commission 374: 220:Zhang Dong (Vice Chairman & President) 6985:China Tourism Group Duty Free Corporation 4351: 4282: 4255: 3846: 3208: 3112: 2893: 2716:"Sinopec, rosneft clinch udmurtneft deal" 2709: 2707: 1976: 1567: 1150:. Unipec, a subsidiary of Sinopec, is an 977:signed a deal with Sinopec to revamp the 4473: 4471: 4469: 4088: 3547: 3506: 3352: 3332: 3182: 2685:Xu, Wan; Kills, Ken (October 11, 2011). 2675: 2580: 2578: 2543: 2468: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2346: 2050: 1811: 1774: 1753: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1418: 1404: 1377:In June 2013, Sinopec agreed to acquire 1318: 984: 498:China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation 488: 473: 462: 66:China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation 8572:Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 8315:Foshan Haitian Flavouring & Food Co 7949:Orient Overseas (International) Limited 7744:Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 7231:Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 7005:Foshan Haitian Flavouring & Food Co 6970:Power Construction Corporation of China 6945:Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 6163:China National Offshore Oil Corporation 5024:Shanxi Blue Flame Coalbed Methane Group 4416: 4333:"'Major rupture' in Sudan oil pipeline" 3479: 3418: 3361: 2796: 2684: 2628: 2382: 2380: 2251: 2222: 1873: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1188:In August 2023, Sinopec, together with 961:partnership. The companies invested in 8810: 7216:Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai 6037:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir 5796:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war 5250: 4582: 4559: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4190:. Sudan Tribune. Reuters. 6 April 2006 4020: 3279: 3202: 3183:Sanyaolu, Adewale (1 September 2017). 3087:Chen, Shu-Ching Jean (June 19, 2013). 3034: 2869:"OGJ FOCUS:Global ethylene production" 2843:"Sabic, Sinopec To Form Joint Venture" 2704: 2412: 2386: 1726: 1676: 8903:Chinese companies established in 2000 8848:Companies in the FTSE China A50 Index 8489: 8183: 7667: 7365: 7054: 6865:Zhangzhou Pientzehuang Pharmaceutical 6752: 5224: 4782: 4769: 4537:Alfoy, Philippe (29 September 2006). 4536: 4466: 4137: 3796: 3603: 3601: 2894:Brelsford, Robert (18 October 2019). 2575: 2455: 2440: 2422:Institute of Chinese Studies Analysis 2309:: CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( 1784:Tullo, Alexander H. (July 29, 2022). 1783: 1705: 1640:"Sinopec's crude oil production 2023" 7880:Wharf Real Estate Investment Company 7171:China State Construction Engineering 6965:China State Construction Engineering 6168:China National Petroleum Corporation 5141:China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering 4693:"Sinopec Bags New Hydrogen Projects" 4385: 4283:Abdelaziz, Khalid (March 25, 2024). 3507:Allister, Thomas (1 November 2023). 3238:"Sinopec is Dealt a Setback in Iraq" 3086: 3062:"Chinese Petroleum Firm Leave Syria" 2629:Moloney, Anastasia (July 12, 2019). 2602: 2523: 2377: 2231: 2178: 1657: 1293:Ghana National Petroleum Corporation 856:China National Petroleum Corporation 25: 8878:Government-owned companies of China 7792:The Hong Kong and China Gas Company 7291:People's Insurance Company of China 7116:Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway 4525: 4306:Simon Wudu, Waakhe (May 28, 2024). 3387: 3364:"China dives into North Sea waters" 3235: 1465: 1269:, which lies south of the capital, 1196:, signed a research agreement with 13: 8557:China Overseas Land and Investment 8435:Shanxi Xinghuacun Fen Wine Factory 7850:China Overseas Land and Investment 7488:China Overseas Land and Investment 7331:Shanxi Xinghuacun Fen Wine Factory 7321:Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry 7201:Foshan Haitian Flavouring and Food 6885:Shanxi Xinghuacun Fen Wine Factory 6228:National Iranian South Oil Company 5944:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin 3598: 2563:(in Spanish). Quito. March 7, 2006 2458:Global Powers and Africa Programme 1586:"2022 Annual reports and accounts" 1423:Campground in Loango National Park 14: 8929: 8643:Link Real Estate Investment Trust 7393:Hang Seng China Enterprises Index 6696:Intercontinental Exchange Futures 6585:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company 6238:Oil & Gas Development Company 4713: 3388:Cao, Belinda (13 November 2011). 3309:. 10 October 2011. Archived from 3089:"AED Oil Seeks Savior In Sinopec" 2413:Yelery, Aravind (December 2014). 2051:Shrestha, Priyanka (2022-02-02). 1550:"Board of Directors Sinopec Corp" 1288:in favor of a deal with Sinopec. 1211:JSC for a 30% stake in a $ 7.7bn 8893:Companies in the Hang Seng Index 8853:Companies in the S&P Asia 50 8638:Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing 8430:Shanghai Pudong Development Bank 8211: 7729:Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing 7695: 7326:Shanghai Pudong Development Bank 7082: 7025:Beijing Kingsoft Office Software 6780: 6733: 6732: 4810: 4685: 4660: 4641: 4629: 4603: 4576: 4553: 4511:"Sinopec, Total Gabon sign deal" 4503: 4442: 4394: 4379: 4325: 4299: 4232: 4202: 4188:"Sudan to open new oil pipeline" 4180: 4154: 4131: 4105: 4082: 3847:Battersby, Amanda (2022-11-04). 3362:Bennett, Magnus (24 July 2012). 3113:Wilkinson, Rick (7 March 2008). 1515: 1501: 1487: 1345:Ogaden National Liberation Front 1144:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 932: 330: 329: 312: 311: 295: 294: 278: 277: 254: 253: 80: 71: 30: 8285:China Pacific Insurance Company 7493:China Pacific Insurance Company 7191:Contemporary Amperex Technology 6950:China Pacific Insurance Company 6850:Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals 6243:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation 4064: 4039: 4014: 3989: 3964: 3940: 3915: 3890: 3865: 3840: 3815: 3790: 3765: 3744: 3719: 3694: 3676: 3663: 3650: 3639: 3626: 3580: 3556: 3541: 3526: 3500: 3453: 3427: 3412: 3381: 3326: 3317: 3299: 3273: 3255: 3229: 3176: 3158: 3132: 3106: 3080: 3054: 2999: 2913: 2887: 2861: 2847:Chemical & Engineering News 2835: 2817: 2797:Walters, Greg (June 21, 2006). 2790: 2760: 2730: 2649: 2622: 2596: 2517: 2492: 2406: 2335:from the original on 2024-01-19 2317: 2277: 2197: 2172: 2161:from the original on 2024-01-03 2143: 2118: 2093: 2069: 2044: 2019: 1994: 1950: 1924: 1898: 1790:Chemical & Engineering News 1415:Environmental and safety record 1286:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation 1224:China International Import Expo 543:conglomerate, headquartered in 356:China Petrochemical Corporation 42:China Petrochemical Corporation 21:China Petrochemical Corporation 8883:National oil and gas companies 8843:Companies in the CSI 100 Index 8562:China Petroleum & Chemical 8059:Budweiser Brewing Company APAC 8039:Sino Biopharmaceutical Limited 7875:China Resources Mixc Lifestyle 7623:Sino Biopharmaceutical Limited 7241:Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial 7156:China Petroleum & Chemical 6711:Society of Petroleum Engineers 6482:Port Harcourt Refining Company 6148:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company 4583:Haslam, Chris (October 2009). 4560:Haslam, Chris (October 2006). 3280:Galvin, Terry (Jan 29, 2012). 3223:10.1080/19370679.2015.12023256 2950:(Report). UBS. Archived from 1754:Agencies (26 September 2009). 1747: 1632: 1606: 1542: 446: 416: 402: 16:Chinese oil and gas enterprise 1: 8818:Companies in the SSE 50 Index 7256:LONGi Green Energy Technology 6910:LONGi Green Energy Technology 6905:China Three Gorges Renewables 5657:Production sharing agreements 4587:. AfricaFiles. Archived from 4513:. cei.gov.cn. 4 February 2004 4021:Mishra, Shivam (2023-11-28). 3333:Dowsett, Sonya; Aizhu, Chen. 3236:Lee, John (15 October 2013). 2232:Yihe, Xu (2 September 2021). 1986:Charlie Zhu (25 March 2013). 1758:. Chinavestor. Archived from 1536: 1392: 1148:International Sponsors of War 8684:Singapore Telecommunications 8542:China Life Insurance Company 8420:Postal Savings Bank of China 8270:China Life Insurance Company 7759:China Life Insurance Company 7608:Postal Savings Bank of China 7473:China Life Insurance Company 7311:Postal Savings Bank of China 7226:Hygon Information Technology 7035:Hygon Information Technology 6691:Canadian petroleum companies 6686:American Petroleum Institute 6223:National Iranian Oil Company 6208:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation 5180:Fushun Petrochemical Company 5012:China United Coalbed Methane 4089:Agencies (4 February 2004). 3533:Chen Aizhu (25 April 2013). 2603:Gill, Nathan (3 July 2014). 2500:"Absorbing overseas talents" 2387:Downs, Erica; Evans, Peter. 1341:an ethnic Somali rebel group 1198:Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. 1034:Sinopec Daylight Energy Ltd. 7: 7206:Foxconn Industrial Internet 6940:China Railway Group Limited 6845:China CSSC Holdings Limited 6706:International Energy Agency 5691:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) 5088:Great Wall Drilling Company 4719:Business data for Sinopec: 4541:. Business in Africa online 4481:; Eisenman, Joshua (2023). 4138:Farge, Emma (6 June 2013). 3671:Wall Street Journal website 3548:Avik Das (30 August 2013). 1480: 1278:Export–Import Bank of China 1117:’s oil and gas business in 563: 316:CN¥1,948.640 billion (2017) 282:CN¥1,302.073 billion (2022) 56:Proposed since August 2024. 39:It has been suggested that 10: 8934: 8913:Chaoyang District, Beijing 8781:Hon Hai Precision Industry 8623:Galaxy Entertainment Group 8230:Agricultural Bank of China 7914:Galaxy Entertainment Group 7830:Henderson Land Development 7807:CK Infrastructure Holdings 7408:Agricultural Bank of China 7101:Agricultural Bank of China 6930:Agricultural Bank of China 6293:PTT Public Company Limited 5894:East Midlands Oil Province 5879:List of natural gas fields 5479:Integrated asset modelling 5018:PetroChina Coalbed Methane 4939:Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum 4562:"Oil prospecting in Gabon" 3797:Aizhu, Chen (2023-08-31). 2921:"中沙合资天津100万吨/年乙烯及配套项目通过核准" 2774:. May 2008. Archived from 2635:Thomson Reuters Foundation 2105:Global Construction Review 1964:(in Chinese). May 27, 2013 1531:Chemical industry in China 940:2007–2008 financial crisis 558: 527:Sinopec Limited's parent, 18: 8753: 8692: 8661: 8595: 8524: 8225: 8029:CSPC Pharmaceutical Group 7893: 7820: 7777: 7754:Bank of China (Hong Kong) 7709: 7618:Shijiazhuang Pharma Group 7403: 7096: 6840:China Northern Rare Earth 6795: 6728: 6678: 6665:Weatherford International 6544: 6394: 6346: 6198:Iraq National Oil Company 6134: 6091: 6076: 6067: 5952: 5869: 5751: 5637: 5531: 5459: 5402: 5361: 5354: 5276: 5258: 5200: 5167: 5133: 5108: 5074: 5067: 5032: 5002: 4981: 4974: 4919: 4880: 4854: 4837: 4828: 4776: 4771:Links to related articles 4487:Columbia University Press 4404:. Xinhua. 4 November 2011 4257:10.5089/9781513536743.002 4244:IMF Staff Country Reports 2524:Ying, Wang (2005-09-16). 1741:10.1163/15691497-12341319 1244: 897:megatonnes carbon capture 817: 794: 771: 748: 725: 702: 679: 656: 633: 610: 587: 582: 579: 576: 531:, is the world's largest 457: 439: 432: 427: 423: 409: 395: 391: 386: 361: 349: 339: 334:CN¥784.706 billion (2022) 320: 303: 286: 269: 249: 227: 208: 198: 187: 160: 150: 111: 101: 91: 79: 70: 8828:Hang Seng China 50 Index 8766:Cathay Financial Holding 8350:Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine 8219:Hang Seng China 50 Index 7246:Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine 6960:Great Wall Motor Company 6790:(as of 23 February 2024) 4240:"Sudan: Selected Issues" 2329:South China Morning Post 2155:South China Morning Post 1958:"武汉80万吨/年乙烯工程变更投资主体通过核准" 895:Sinopec has developed a 411:Traditional Chinese 299:CN¥75.643 billion (2022) 19:Not to be confused with 8674:Oversea-Chinese Banking 8653:Sun Hung Kai Properties 8633:Hong Kong and China Gas 8537:China Construction Bank 8265:China Construction Bank 7835:Sun Hung Kai Properties 7734:China Construction Bank 7458:China Construction Bank 7151:China Pacific Insurance 7136:China Construction Bank 6716:World Petroleum Council 6590:China Oilfield Services 5647:Petroleum fiscal regime 5346:Western Canadian Select 5341:West Texas Intermediate 5082:China Oilfield Services 3706:Hydrocarbon Engineering 2179:Yihe, Xu (2021-05-30). 1677:Houser, Trevor (2008). 397:Simplified Chinese 217:Ma Yongsheng (Chairman) 86:Headquarters in Beijing 8873:Oil companies of China 8771:CTBC Financial Holding 8295:CITS Group Corporation 8250:Bank of Communications 8089:Shenzhou International 7613:Shenzhou International 7438:Bank of Communications 7196:East Money Information 7111:Bank of Communications 7015:Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt 6193:Indian Oil Corporation 5679:Submersible pump (ESP) 5624:Underbalanced drilling 5445:of gasoline and diesel 5186:Shanghai Petrochemical 4458:, 2013, archived from 3673:Retrieved 1 June 2022. 3660:Retrieved 1 June 2022. 1424: 1411: 1410:state‐owned enterprise 1324: 994: 494: 486: 471: 174:; 24 years ago 8776:Formosa Plastics Corp 8710:Hyundai Motor Company 8613:CK Hutchison Holdings 8455:Wanhua Chemical Group 8124:Hansoh Pharmaceutical 7964:Techtronic Industries 7909:CK Hutchison Holdings 7840:New World Development 7802:China Resources Power 7797:Power Assets Holdings 7336:Wanhua Chemical Group 7141:China Everbright Bank 6925:Shaanxi Coal Industry 6855:Wanhua Chemical Group 6810:Sany Heavy Industries 6570:Cameron International 6012:Petrodollar recycling 5995:fossil fuel phase-out 5558:Differential sticking 5511:Reflection seismology 5484:Petroleum engineering 5326:OPEC Reference Basket 4250:(73). 10 March 2020. 3777:thepeninsulaqatar.com 3636:Retrieved 1 June 2022 3467:. Dubai. July 9, 2020 3119:Oil & Gas Journal 2900:Oil & Gas Journal 2873:Oil & Gas Journal 2530:www.chinadaily.com.cn 1859:Oil & Gas Journal 1422: 1408: 1323:Column of ONLF rebels 1322: 1231:Sri Lankan government 1137:liquefied natural gas 988: 492: 477: 466: 265:482.4 billion) (2022) 23:, the parent company. 8679:United Overseas Bank 8547:China Merchants Bank 8290:China Shenhua Energy 8275:China Merchants Bank 8049:China Hongqiao Group 8024:China Shenhua Energy 8019:Hengan International 7944:China Resources Beer 7865:China Resources Land 7845:Hang Lung Properties 7764:China Merchants Bank 7503:China Resources Land 7498:China Resources Beer 7478:China Merchants Bank 7166:China Shenhua Energy 7146:China Merchants Bank 7090:FTSE China A50 Index 7088:Constituents of the 6955:China Life Insurance 6915:China Shenhua Energy 6815:China Merchants Bank 6786:Constituents of the 6467:Occidental Petroleum 5781:1990 oil price shock 5607:Shale oil extraction 5580:Drilling engineering 5563:Directional drilling 5489:Reservoir simulation 4564:. Wildlife Extra.com 3013:. September 25, 2008 2504:www.sinopecgroup.com 2081:www.sinopecgroup.com 1910:www.sinopecgroup.com 1886:. BP. April 27, 2017 1429:Loango National Park 1370:in cooperation with 1327:In 2007, in eastern 1222:At the sixth annual 1121:for $ 3.1 billion. 927:Davos Economic Forum 512:enterprise based in 49:into this article. ( 8740:Samsung Electronics 8300:China Yangtze Power 7181:China Yangtze Power 7176:China Tourism Group 6900:China Yangtze Power 6895:AECC Aviation Power 6615:Naftiran Intertrade 6560:Amec Foster Wheeler 6487:Reliance Industries 6376:Naftiran Intertrade 6188:Hindustan Petroleum 5786:2000s energy crisis 4961:United Energy Group 4697:Energy Intelligence 4388:The Washington Post 4337:sudanwarmonitor.com 4027:Offshore Technology 3421:The Washington Post 2831:. 25 February 2007. 2803:Wall Street Journal 2331:. 18 January 2024. 1618:Offshore Technology 573: 520:and also trades in 341:Number of employees 261:3,318,168 million ( 67: 8715:KB Financial Group 7860:Longfor Properties 7578:Longfor Properties 7010:Will Semiconductor 6990:Zijin Mining Group 6462:Marathon Petroleum 5884:List of oil fields 5494:Reservoir modeling 5252:Petroleum industry 5210:Companies of China 5109:Drilling equipment 4934:Geo-Jade Petroleum 4838:Oil and gas majors 4653:2008-06-07 at the 3690:. 20 October 2021. 3594:. 4 November 2021. 3568:Green Car Congress 3313:on 5 October 2013. 3242:Iraq Business News 2977:|archive-url= 2954:on August 13, 2010 2778:on August 21, 2010 2238:upstreamonline.com 2157:. 3 January 2024. 1620:. 12 November 2020 1425: 1412: 1325: 1156:banned Russian oil 1115:Apache Corporation 995: 969:In February 2007, 571: 516:. It is listed in 495: 487: 472: 65: 8805: 8804: 8799: 8798: 8608:CK Asset Holdings 8587:Ping An Insurance 8483: 8482: 8415:Ping An Insurance 8177: 8176: 7870:CK Asset Holdings 7749:Ping An Insurance 7661: 7660: 7603:Ping An Insurance 7359: 7358: 7306:Ping An Insurance 7048: 7047: 6935:Ping An Insurance 6746: 6745: 6724: 6723: 6610:Nabors Industries 6540: 6539: 5738:Well intervention 5713:Petroleum product 5612:Ljungström method 5516:Seismic inversion 5501:Petroleum geology 5455: 5454: 5218: 5217: 5129: 5128: 5068:Drilling services 5063: 5062: 5040:China Natural Gas 4915: 4914: 4881:Major listed arms 4617:on 5 October 2013 4496:978-0-231-21001-0 4454:, International: 4220:on March 13, 2008 3400:on March 21, 2015 3172:. 24 August 2017. 3068:. August 20, 2013 3066:Qatar News Agency 2768:"Sakhalin Island" 1460:Shandong province 1316:halted the flow. 901:Shengli Oil Field 890:COVID-19 pandemic 840: 839: 545:Chaoyang District 461: 460: 453: 452: 434:Standard Mandarin 382: 381: 192:Chaoyang District 172:(25 February 2000 63: 62: 58: 8925: 8761:Largan Precision 8577:Meituan-Dianping 8510: 8503: 8496: 8487: 8486: 8390:Muyuan Foodstuff 8320:Great Wall Motor 8305:CITIC Securities 8217:Constituents of 8216: 8215: 8204: 8197: 8190: 8181: 8180: 7989:Zhongsheng Group 7701:Constituents of 7700: 7699: 7688: 7681: 7674: 7665: 7664: 7386: 7379: 7372: 7363: 7362: 7281:Muyuan Foodstuff 7211:Great Wall Motor 7186:CITIC Securities 7161:China Securities 7131:China CITIC Bank 7087: 7086: 7075: 7068: 7061: 7052: 7051: 6880:Haier Smart Home 6820:Poly Real Estate 6805:CITIC Securities 6785: 6784: 6773: 6766: 6759: 6750: 6749: 6736: 6735: 6437:Hess Corporation 6158:Bharat Petroleum 6089: 6088: 6074: 6073: 5761:1967 Oil Embargo 5597:Lost circulation 5435:Posted oil price 5359: 5358: 5316:Isthmus-34 Light 5245: 5238: 5231: 5222: 5221: 5205:Economy of China 5072: 5071: 4979: 4978: 4852: 4851: 4815: 4814: 4803: 4796: 4789: 4780: 4779: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4759: 4754: 4753: 4751:Official website 4708: 4707: 4705: 4704: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4679: 4664: 4658: 4645: 4639: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4580: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4534: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4507: 4501: 4500: 4475: 4464: 4463: 4462:on March 6, 2016 4446: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4430:on 21 March 2008 4420: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4373: 4364:. 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Archived from 1826:www.secco.com.cn 1818: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1781: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1762:on 17 March 2012 1751: 1745: 1744: 1735:(5–6): 588–612. 1724: 1703: 1702: 1674: 1655: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1636: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1610: 1604: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1590: 1582: 1565: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1546: 1525: 1523:Companies portal 1520: 1519: 1518: 1511: 1506: 1505: 1497: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1466:Renewable energy 1298:Atuabo Gas Plant 1000:Syrian civil war 991:filling stations 850:oil player than 835: 834: 826: 825: 812: 811: 803: 802: 789: 788: 780: 779: 766: 765: 757: 756: 743: 742: 734: 733: 720: 719: 711: 710: 697: 696: 688: 687: 674: 673: 665: 664: 651: 650: 642: 641: 628: 627: 619: 618: 605: 604: 596: 595: 574: 570: 449: 448: 425: 424: 419: 418: 405: 404: 384: 383: 378: 373: 370: 368: 335: 333: 332: 325: 315: 314: 308: 298: 297: 281: 280: 272:Operating income 257: 256: 194:, Beijing, China 182: 180: 179:25 February 2000 175: 84: 75: 68: 64: 54: 34: 33: 26: 8933: 8932: 8928: 8927: 8926: 8924: 8923: 8922: 8918:2000 in Beijing 8808: 8807: 8806: 8801: 8800: 8795: 8749: 8688: 8657: 8591: 8520: 8517:S&P Asia 50 8514: 8484: 8479: 8460:Wuliangye Yibin 8360:Kweichow Moutai 8340:Industrial Bank 8221: 8210: 8208: 8178: 8173: 8034:Sinopharm Group 7919:MTR Corporation 7899: 7897: 7889: 7816: 7773: 7705: 7703:Hang Seng Index 7694: 7692: 7662: 7657: 7399: 7390: 7360: 7355: 7341:Wuliangye Yibin 7286:NARI Technology 7251:Kweichow Moutai 7236:Industrial Bank 7092: 7081: 7079: 7049: 7044: 6920:Industrial Bank 6875:Kweichow Moutai 6870:Tongwei Company 6860:NARI Technology 6791: 6779: 6777: 6747: 6742: 6720: 6674: 6670:John Wood Group 6660:Valaris Limited 6553: 6550: 6547: 6536: 6402:APA Corporation 6390: 6342: 6141: 6138: 6130: 6085: 6082: 6079: 6069: 6063: 5964:Classification 5948: 5871: 5865: 5801:Nationalization 5771:1979 oil crisis 5766:1973 oil crisis 5747: 5733:Water injection 5701:Steam injection 5696:Gas reinjection 5664:Artificial lift 5633: 5575:Drill stem test 5527: 5451: 5398: 5350: 5272: 5254: 5249: 5219: 5214: 5196: 5163: 5159:Kerui Petroleum 5125: 5121:Kerui Petroleum 5104: 5059: 5028: 5004:Coalbed methane 4998: 4970: 4944:Shandong Energy 4929:CITIC Resources 4921: 4911: 4876: 4839: 4833: 4831:Energy in China 4824: 4809: 4807: 4772: 4760: 4749: 4748: 4743: 4716: 4711: 4702: 4700: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4677: 4675: 4666: 4665: 4661: 4655:Wayback Machine 4646: 4642: 4634: 4630: 4620: 4618: 4609: 4608: 4604: 4594: 4592: 4591:on 4 March 2016 4581: 4577: 4567: 4565: 4558: 4554: 4544: 4542: 4535: 4526: 4516: 4514: 4509: 4508: 4504: 4497: 4479:Shinn, David H. 4476: 4467: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4433: 4431: 4422: 4421: 4417: 4407: 4405: 4400: 4399: 4395: 4384: 4380: 4371: 4369: 4360: 4359: 4352: 4342: 4340: 4331: 4330: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4281: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4223: 4221: 4208: 4207: 4203: 4193: 4191: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4171: 4169: 4159: 4155: 4145: 4143: 4136: 4132: 4122: 4120: 4110: 4106: 4096: 4094: 4087: 4083: 4070: 4069: 4065: 4056: 4054: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4031: 4029: 4019: 4015: 4006: 4004: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3981: 3979: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3956: 3954: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3932: 3930: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3907: 3905: 3896: 3895: 3891: 3882: 3880: 3871: 3870: 3866: 3857: 3855: 3853:Upstream Online 3845: 3841: 3832: 3830: 3821: 3820: 3816: 3807: 3805: 3795: 3791: 3782: 3780: 3771: 3770: 3766: 3757: 3755: 3754:. 13 April 2023 3750: 3749: 3745: 3736: 3734: 3724: 3720: 3711: 3709: 3700: 3699: 3695: 3688:Financial Times 3682: 3681: 3677: 3668: 3664: 3658:Reuters website 3655: 3651: 3644: 3640: 3634:Reuters website 3631: 3627: 3618: 3616: 3607: 3606: 3599: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3572: 3570: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3546: 3542: 3531: 3527: 3517: 3515: 3505: 3501: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3470: 3468: 3459: 3458: 3454: 3444: 3442: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3390:"Sinopec Gains" 3386: 3382: 3372: 3370: 3360: 3353: 3343: 3341: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3318: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3278: 3274: 3269:. 25 June 2010. 3261: 3260: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3234: 3230: 3207: 3203: 3193: 3191: 3189:The Sun Nigeria 3181: 3177: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3149: 3147: 3146:. 7 August 2017 3138: 3137: 3133: 3123: 3121: 3111: 3107: 3097: 3095: 3085: 3081: 3071: 3069: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3041:thediplomat.com 3033: 3026: 3016: 3014: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2988: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2965: 2964: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2944: 2940: 2930: 2928: 2927:. 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2034: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2011: 2009: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1984: 1977: 1967: 1965: 1962:www.ndrc.gov.cn 1956: 1955: 1951: 1941: 1939: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1915: 1913: 1904: 1903: 1899: 1889: 1887: 1882: 1881: 1874: 1864: 1862: 1861:. 27 April 2017 1853: 1852: 1845: 1835: 1833: 1820: 1819: 1812: 1802: 1800: 1782: 1775: 1765: 1763: 1752: 1748: 1725: 1706: 1675: 1658: 1648: 1646: 1638: 1637: 1633: 1623: 1621: 1612: 1611: 1607: 1597: 1595: 1593:www.sinopec.com 1588: 1584: 1583: 1568: 1558: 1556: 1554:www.sinopec.com 1548: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1521: 1516: 1514: 1507: 1500: 1493: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1468: 1417: 1395: 1247: 1239:Hambantota port 1104:Talisman Energy 1030:Daylight Energy 935: 906: 843: 842: 841: 836: 832: 831: 827: 823: 822: 813: 809: 808: 804: 800: 799: 790: 786: 785: 781: 777: 776: 767: 763: 762: 758: 754: 753: 744: 740: 739: 735: 731: 730: 721: 717: 716: 712: 708: 707: 698: 694: 693: 689: 685: 684: 675: 671: 670: 666: 662: 661: 652: 648: 647: 643: 639: 638: 629: 625: 624: 620: 616: 615: 606: 602: 601: 597: 593: 592: 566: 561: 504:, is a Chinese 365: 342: 328: 321: 304: 291: 274: 223: 211: 201: 178: 176: 173: 171: 146: 141:Hang Seng Index 116: 94: 87: 59: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8931: 8921: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8888:Chinese brands 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8803: 8802: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8757: 8755: 8751: 8750: 8748: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8696: 8694: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8665: 8663: 8659: 8658: 8656: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8628:Hang Seng Bank 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8599: 8597: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8528: 8526: 8522: 8521: 8513: 8512: 8505: 8498: 8490: 8481: 8480: 8478: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 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7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7518:Country Garden 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7418:Alibaba Health 7415: 7410: 7404: 7401: 7400: 7389: 7388: 7381: 7374: 7366: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7266:Luzhou Laojiao 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7097: 7094: 7093: 7078: 7077: 7070: 7063: 7055: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6995:Cosco Shipping 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6830:TBEA Co., Ltd. 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6796: 6793: 6792: 6776: 6775: 6768: 6761: 6753: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6740: 6729: 6726: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6682: 6680: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6556: 6554: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6507:Surgutneftegas 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6427:Eneos Holdings 6424: 6419: 6417:ConocoPhillips 6414: 6409: 6407:Cenovus Energy 6404: 6398: 6396: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6352: 6350: 6348:Energy trading 6344: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6144: 6142: 6135: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6097: 6095: 6086: 6077: 6071: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6061: 6060: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6034: 6032:Swing producer 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 6003: 6002: 5997: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5976: 5975: 5970: 5962: 5956: 5954: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5904:Gulf of Mexico 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5875: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5791:2010s oil glut 5788: 5783: 5778: 5776:1980s oil glut 5773: 5768: 5763: 5757: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5698: 5688: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5661: 5660: 5659: 5654: 5643: 5641: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5615: 5614: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5593: 5592: 5585:Drilling fluid 5582: 5577: 5572: 5571: 5570: 5560: 5555: 5554: 5553: 5543: 5537: 5535: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5525: 5523:Seismic source 5520: 5519: 5518: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5497: 5496: 5491: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5465: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5449: 5448: 5447: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5406: 5404: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5365: 5363: 5356: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5321:Japan Cocktail 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5282: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5270: 5268:Primary energy 5265: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5248: 5247: 5240: 5233: 5225: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5212: 5207: 5201: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5194: 5189: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5161: 5156: 5150: 5144: 5137: 5135: 5131: 5130: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5123: 5118: 5112: 5110: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5102: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5078: 5076: 5069: 5065: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5036: 5034: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5026: 5021: 5015: 5008: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4996: 4991: 4985: 4983: 4976: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4949:Emerald Energy 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4925: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4903: 4897: 4891: 4884: 4882: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4858: 4856: 4849: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4806: 4805: 4798: 4791: 4783: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4764: 4763: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4720: 4715: 4714:External links 4712: 4710: 4709: 4684: 4659: 4640: 4628: 4602: 4575: 4552: 4524: 4502: 4495: 4465: 4441: 4415: 4393: 4378: 4350: 4324: 4298: 4270: 4231: 4201: 4179: 4153: 4130: 4104: 4081: 4078:on 2007-10-30. 4063: 4038: 4013: 3988: 3963: 3939: 3914: 3889: 3864: 3839: 3814: 3789: 3764: 3743: 3718: 3693: 3675: 3662: 3649: 3638: 3625: 3597: 3579: 3555: 3540: 3525: 3499: 3478: 3452: 3441:. May 19, 2015 3426: 3411: 3380: 3351: 3325: 3316: 3298: 3272: 3254: 3228: 3201: 3175: 3157: 3131: 3105: 3079: 3053: 3024: 2998: 2938: 2912: 2886: 2875:. 26 July 2010 2860: 2834: 2816: 2789: 2759: 2729: 2703: 2674: 2648: 2621: 2595: 2574: 2542: 2516: 2491: 2467: 2439: 2405: 2376: 2345: 2316: 2276: 2250: 2221: 2196: 2171: 2142: 2117: 2092: 2068: 2043: 2018: 1993: 1975: 1949: 1938:. June 5, 2013 1923: 1897: 1872: 1843: 1810: 1773: 1746: 1704: 1685:(5): 141–166. 1656: 1631: 1605: 1566: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1527: 1526: 1512: 1498: 1482: 1479: 1467: 1464: 1416: 1413: 1394: 1391: 1387:David H. Shinn 1246: 1243: 1142:Following the 998:2012 when the 934: 931: 904: 838: 837: 830: 828: 821: 819: 815: 814: 807: 805: 798: 796: 792: 791: 784: 782: 775: 773: 769: 768: 761: 759: 752: 750: 746: 745: 738: 736: 729: 727: 723: 722: 715: 713: 706: 704: 700: 699: 692: 690: 683: 681: 677: 676: 669: 667: 660: 658: 654: 653: 646: 644: 637: 635: 631: 630: 623: 621: 614: 612: 608: 607: 600: 598: 591: 589: 585: 584: 583:International 581: 578: 569: 568: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 553:petrochemicals 459: 458: 455: 454: 451: 450: 443: 437: 436: 430: 429: 428:Transcriptions 421: 420: 413: 407: 406: 399: 393: 392: 389: 388: 380: 379: 363: 359: 358: 353: 347: 346: 345:374,791 (2022) 343: 340: 337: 336: 326: 318: 317: 309: 301: 300: 292: 287: 284: 283: 275: 270: 267: 266: 251: 247: 246: 244:petrochemicals 229: 225: 224: 222: 221: 218: 214: 212: 209: 206: 205: 202: 199: 196: 195: 189: 185: 184: 162: 158: 157: 152: 148: 147: 145: 144: 138: 129: 119: 117: 112: 109: 108: 103: 99: 98: 95: 92: 89: 88: 85: 77: 76: 61: 60: 38: 36: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8930: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8758: 8756: 8752: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8705:Hyundai Mobis 8703: 8701: 8698: 8697: 8695: 8691: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8666: 8664: 8660: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8600: 8598: 8594: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8567:CNOOC Limited 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8532:Bank of China 8530: 8529: 8527: 8523: 8518: 8511: 8506: 8504: 8499: 8497: 8492: 8491: 8488: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8400:Nongfu Spring 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8325:Gree Electric 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8310:CNOOC Limited 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8245:Bank of China 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8235:Alibaba Group 8233: 8231: 8228: 8227: 8224: 8220: 8214: 8205: 8200: 8198: 8193: 8191: 8186: 8185: 8182: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8164:Alibaba Group 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8149:Nongfu Spring 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8109:Sunny Optical 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8094:Mengniu Dairy 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8069:Chow Tai Fook 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7994:CNOOC Limited 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7934:CITIC Limited 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7896: 7892: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7827: 7825: 7823: 7819: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7776: 7770: 7769:Bank of China 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7698: 7689: 7684: 7682: 7677: 7675: 7670: 7669: 7666: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7638:Sunny Optical 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7598:Nongfu Spring 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7588:Mengniu Dairy 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7513:CNOOC Limited 7511: 7509: 7508:CITIC Limited 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7433:Bank of China 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7413:Alibaba Group 7411: 7409: 7406: 7405: 7402: 7398: 7395:companies of 7394: 7387: 7382: 7380: 7375: 7373: 7368: 7367: 7364: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7106:Bank of China 7104: 7102: 7099: 7098: 7095: 7091: 7085: 7076: 7071: 7069: 7064: 7062: 7057: 7056: 7053: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6975:China Telecom 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6797: 6794: 6789: 6783: 6774: 6769: 6767: 6762: 6760: 6755: 6754: 6751: 6739: 6731: 6730: 6727: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6677: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6543: 6533: 6532:Valero Energy 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6497:Suncor Energy 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6393: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6345: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6133: 6127: 6126:TotalEnergies 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6075: 6072: 6070:organisations 6068:Companies and 6066: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6007:Petrocurrency 6005: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5980:Oil shale gas 5978: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5960:Abbreviations 5958: 5957: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5919:Permian Basin 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5868: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5856:United States 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5816:Seven Sisters 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5750: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5636: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5530: 5524: 5521: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5469:Core sampling 5467: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5458: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5360: 5357: 5353: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5306:Indian Basket 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5275: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5260: 5257: 5253: 5246: 5241: 5239: 5234: 5232: 5227: 5226: 5223: 5211: 5208: 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Reuters 4263:26 August 4224:27 August 4194:27 August 4172:27 August 4146:27 August 4142:. Reuters 4123:27 August 4051:DailyNews 3518:26 August 3465:SP Global 3404:26 August 3373:26 August 3344:26 August 3247:26 August 3194:26 August 3150:26 August 2393:Brookings 2369:26 August 2264:Oil Daily 1912:. 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