32:
7042:
804:, while rejecting "he or she" as clumsy, and this was widely adopted: e.g. in 1850, the British Parliament passed an act which provided that, when used in acts of Parliament "words importing the masculine gender shall be deemed and taken to include females". Baskervill and Sewell mention the common use of the singular
9555:, or use pronouns in non-standard ways, for various reasons: to accord with their sense of themselves, to make their passage through the world less painful, to prefigure and hasten the arrival of a world in which divisions of sex no longer matter. So too we can choose to respect people's pronouns for many reasons."
2745:
with anaphoric reference to a singular noun or pronoun, and the practice has continued in the 20C. to the point that, traditional grammarians aside, such constructions are hardly noticed any more or are not widely felt to lie in a prohibited zone. Fowler (1926) disliked the practice ... and gave
7500:"The inflections and syntax of present-day American English with especial reference to social differences or class dialects: The report of an investigation financed by the National Council of Teachers of English and supported by the Modern Language Association and the Linguistic Society of America"
2768:
as the "equivalent of a singular pronoun of common sex" as "common in speech and not unknown in serious writing " but "stigmatized by grammarians as usage grammatically indefensible. The book's advice for "official writers" (civil servants) is to avoid its use and not to be tempted by its "greater
2588:
When individuals whose gender is neither male nor female (e.g. nonbinary, agender, genderfluid, etc.) use the singular they to refer to themselves, they are using the language to express their identities. Adopting this language is one way writers can be inclusive of a range of people and
2689:
is disapproved of by grammarians. Numerous examples of its use by eminent writers in the past are given, but it is stated that "few good modern writers would flout so conspicuously as
Fielding and Thackeray", whose sentences are described as having an "old-fashioned sound".
2385:). While this usage is accepted in those spheres, it is only lately showing signs of gaining acceptance in formal writing, where Chicago recommends avoiding its use. When referring specifically to a person who does not identify with a gender-specific pronoun, however,
9121:
was originally borrowed into
English from the Scandinavian language family ... and since then has been doing useful service in English as the morphosyntactically plural but singular-antecedent-permitting gender-neutral pronoun known to linguists as singular
2353:, noting a "revival" of this usage and citing "its venerable use by such writers as Addison, Austen, Chesterfield, Fielding, Ruskin, Scott, and Shakespeare." From the 15th edition (2003), this was changed. In Chapter 5 of the 17th edition (2017), now written by
9661:
2138:"While editors have increasingly moved to accepting singular they when used in a generic fashion, voters in the Word of the Year proceedings singled out its newer usage as an identifier for someone who may identify as non-binary in gender terms."
3514: β "Would you like tea or coffee?". Since distributive constructions apply an idea relevant to each individual in the group, rather than to the group as a whole, they are most often conceived of as singular, and a singular pronoun is used:
2786:
have become much more widespread since Gowers' original comments, but still finds it "safer" to treat a sentence like 'The reader may toss their book aside' as incorrect "in formal
English", while rejecting even more strongly sentences like
1380:
published a study by Darren K. LaScotte investigating the pronouns used by native
English speakers in informal written responses to questions concerning a subject of unspecified gender, finding that 68% of study participants chose singular
2631:, as of 2017, recommends: "They/them/their is acceptable in limited cases as a singular and-or gender-neutral pronoun, when alternative wording is overly awkward or clumsy. However, rewording usually is possible and always is preferable."
9374:
1328:
By 1980, the movement toward gender-neutral language had gained wide support, and many organizations, including most publishers, had issued guidelines on the use of gender-neutral language, but stopped short of recommending
1033:
is still sometimes found in contemporary writing when referring to a generic or indeterminate antecedent. In some cases, it is clear from the situation that the persons potentially referred to are likely to be male, as in:
2759:
was originally written in 1948 by Ernest Gowers, a civil servant, in an attempt by the
British civil service to improve "official English". A second edition, edited by Sir Bruce Fraser, was published in 1973. It refers to
2863:
are now freely used in agreement with singular indefinite pronouns and determiners, those with universal implications such as any(one), every(one), no(one), as well as each and some(one), whose reference is often more
3272:
is commonly used as a 3rd person singular pronoun that is neutral between masculine and feminine ... At one time restricted to informal usage. it is now increasingly accepted in formal usage, especially in
5795:
5972:
4495:
3309:
with singular indefinite words, most do not, and many teachers and employers regard the plural as incorrect. To be safe, work for agreement between singular indefinite words and the pronouns that refer to
2728:
has not only been widely used by good writers for centuries, but is now generally accepted, except by some conservative grammarians, including the Fowler of 1926, who, it is argued, ignored the evidence:
2414:
For instance, rather than writing "I don't know who wrote this note, but he or she has good handwriting," you might write something like "I don't know who wrote this note, but they have good handwriting."
2217:
that avoid expressing a preference for either approach sometimes recommend recasting a problem sentence, for instance replacing generic expressions with plurals to avoid the criticisms of either party.
2058:
and derivatives as appropriate pronouns. Several social media applications permit account holders to choose to identify their gender using one of a variety of non-binary or genderqueer options, such as
1324:
The average
American needs the small routines of getting ready for work. As he shaves or blow-dries his hair or pulls on his panty-hose, he is easing himself by small stages into the demands of the day.
2969:
when translating pronouns that apply to both genders in the original Greek or Hebrew. This decision was based on research by a commission that studied modern
English usage and determined that singular
2896:, 2012) is aimed at those engaged in copy editing, and the emphasis is on the formal elements of presentation including punctuation and typeface, rather than on linguistic style, although β like
6436:
6242:
2611:'s stylebook, as of 2015, recommends trying to "write around the problem, perhaps by changing singulars to plurals, before using the singular they as a last resort" and specifically permits use of
6570:
2365:
is no longer universally accepted as a generic pronoun referring to a person of unspecified gender, people commonly (in speech and in informal writing) substitute the third-person-plural pronouns
1395:
in this context was named Word of the Year for 2019 by
Merriam-Webster and for 2015 by the American Dialect Society. On January 4, 2020, the American Dialect Society announced they had crowned
1149:
In informal spoken
English, plural pronouns are often used with indefinite pronoun antecedents. However, this construction is generally not considered appropriate in formal speech or writing.
1341:
The use of masculine generic nouns and pronouns in written and spoken language has decreased since the 1970s. In a corpus of spontaneous speech collected in
Australia in the 1990s, singular
1650:
are singular in form and are used with a singular verb, these pronouns have an "implied plurality" that is somewhat similar to the implied plurality of collective or group nouns such as
892:
was an androcentric world view, with the default sex of humans being male β and the default gender therefore being masculine. There is some evidence for this: Wilson wrote in 1560:
4322:
9612:
9366:
7542:
4048:
3971:
is also used for infants of unspecified gender but may be considered dehumanizing and is therefore more likely in a clinical context. Otherwise, in more personal contexts, the use of
643:
8623:
8439:
6341:
8730:
Corpora Galore: Analyses and Techniques in Describing English: Papers from the Nineteenth International Conference on English Language Research on Computerised Corpora (ICAME 1998)
3565:
However, many languages, including English, show ambivalence in this regard. Because distribution also requires a group with more than one member, plural forms are sometimes used.
584:
is attested from the 14th to 16th centuries. Its use has been increasing since the 1970s or 1980s, though it is sometimes still classified as "a minority form". In 2002, Payne and
3745:
A bound variable pronoun is anaphorically linked to a quantifier (no single real-world or hypothetical entity is referenced; examples and explanations from Huddleston and Pullum,
6666:
1261:
The earliest known attempt to create a new gender-neutral pronoun in English dates back to 1792, when Scottish economist James Anderson advocated for an indeterminate pronoun
1225: ... alternative devices are now usually resorted to. When a gender-neutral pronoun or determiner ... is needed, the options usually adopted are the plural forms
9482:
2406:
4436:
7693:
4693:
4406:
6372:
9600:
5954:
9206:
8743:
3010:, modified in some respects from the original US edition to conform to differences in culture and vocabulary, preserved the same recommendations, allowing singular
6597:
6170:
5042:
4484:
9443:
4817:
2556:
or a noun that does not indicate gender and suggests that this will continue to be a problem for some time. He "suspect that eventually we will accept the plural
1864:
With a noun (e.g. person, student, patient) used generically (e.g. in the sense of any member of that class or a specific member unknown to the speaker or writer)
3861:
A 2024 study by Arnold, Venkatesh, and Vig stated that two thirds of people used an incorrect pronoun at least once in speaking about someone who used singular
7960:
4896:
4038:
7808:
2101:
or generic persons of unknown gender, this use, which may be chosen by an individual, is recent. The earliest recorded usage of this sense documented by the
1283:
In the second half of the 20th century, people expressed more widespread concern at the use of male-oriented language. This included criticism of the use of
9566:
2265:"Where nounβpronoun disagreement can be avoided, avoid it. Where it can't be avoided, resort to it cautiously because some people may doubt your literacy".
8190:
7311:
6426:
6223:
3940:"), when a single person uses first-person plural in place of first-person singular pronouns. Similar to singular "you", its singular reflexive pronoun ("
6697:
6562:
5497:
8081:
3226:
even with definite noun-phrase antecedents finds increasing acceptance, "sidestepping any presumption about the sex of the person referred to", as in:
1385:
to refer to such an antecedent. Some participants noted that they found constructions such as "he or she" inadequate as they do not include people who
663:
in the 13th century), and has remained in use for centuries in spite of its proscription by traditional grammarians beginning in the mid-18th century.
8284:
7121:
5536:
4765:
4652:
4727:
4352:
4553:
7868:
4528:
3828:
for a truck driver) and "much more quickly than clauses containing a gendered pronoun that went against the gender stereotype of the antecedent".
8136:
3519:
3260:
2233:
592:, called its use in standard dialect "rare and acceptable only to a minority of speakers" but "likely to increase with the growing acceptance of
6403:
31:
9593:
4314:
3043:
2297:"That it sets many literate Americans' teeth on edge is an unfortunate obstacle to what promises to be the ultimate solution to the problem."
8841:
7534:
8613:
5786:
2928:
is often preferred, and in formal contexts probably the best solution, but can become tiresome or long-winded when used frequently. Use of
8488:
7336:
as the reflexive/intensive pronoun to refer to an indefinite gender-neutral noun or pronoun that is the subject of the sentence and avoid
6333:
6045:
4627:
3877:
caused some difficulty, but the rate of errors was low (9%). They wrote that whereas people may repeat a name to avoid using the pronoun
6658:
4248:
9711:
8316:
A New Grammar: Being the Most Easy Guide to Speaking and Writing the English Language Properly and Correctly (reprinted in facsimile)
7407:
2544:", discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various solutions when faced with the problem of referring to an antecedent such as
7069:
4870:
4279:
2321:"Disturbing though these developments may be to purists, they're irreversible. And nothing that a grammarian says will change them."
9586:
3959:
is frequently used in an impersonal context when someone's identity is unknown or established on a provisional basis, e.g. "Who is
6123:
9542:
9233:
8005:
7292:
2410:, released in October 2019, advises using singular "they" when gender is unknown or irrelevant, and gives the following example:
2509:
as pronoun for nouns embracing both genders is a simple, practical convention rooted in the beginnings of the English language.
9416:
7684:
4594:
4428:
2936:) is becoming generally accepted both in speech and in writing, especially where it occurs after an indefinite pronoun such as
9488:
8993:
6200:
3664:
Coreferential, with a definite antecedent (the antecedent and the anaphoric pronoun both refer to the same real-world entity):
3055:
with a singular "antecedent" therefore violates the rule of agreement between antecedent and pronoun, but takes the view that
9322:
9303:
9281:
9258:
9154:
9022:
8978:
8917:
8803:
8737:
8714:
8688:
8650:
8590:
8566:
8532:
8513:
8428:
8409:
8373:
8353:
8274:
8217:
8163:
8110:
7834:
7766:
7604:
7583:
7511:
7474:
7385:
7201:
6311:
6092:
4398:
2981:) was by far the most common way that English-language speakers and writers today refer back to singular antecedents such as
2513:
has lost all suggestion of maleness in these circumstances. ... It has no pejorative connotation; it is never incorrect.
9349:
9181:
9071:
8656:
8596:
8320:
8223:
8169:
7840:
7772:
7739:
7711:
7666:
7610:
7517:
7419:
7391:
7167:
4685:
3885:
at least as frequently as binary pronouns, "suggesting that any difficulty does not result in pronoun avoidance" in speech.
9701:
8824:
6364:
2815:
2677:
1213:) with indefinite reference to denote a person of either sex, especially after indefinite pronouns and determiners such as
9198:
9104:
3330:
and its usage panel of selected writers, journalism professors, linguists, and other experts, many Americans avoid use of
3014:
with semantically plural terms like "everyone" and indeterminate ones like "person", but recommending a rewrite to avoid.
2659:
in cases where there is an element of semantic plurality expressed by a word such as "everyone" or where an indeterminate
8898:
4795:
3985:
is common for pets and other domesticated animals of unspecified sex, especially when referred to by a proper name (e.g.
3820:
were read "just as quickly as clauses containing a gendered pronoun that matched the stereotype of the antecedent" (e.g.
3577:, which uses the same verb form that plurals do, is typically used to refer to an indeterminate antecedent, for example:
3527:
2541:
9435:
9009:
Pauwels, Anne (2003). "Linguistic sexism and feminist linguistic activism". In Holmes, Janet; Meyerhoff, Miriam (eds.).
7262:
6593:
6150:
5551:
9471:
9044:
7933:
7892:
7455:
4825:
2401:
4462:
3119:
is described as being "rare" and "acceptable only to a minority of speakers", while use of the morphologically plural
2663:
is referred to, citing examples of such usage in formal speech. They also suggest rewriting sentences to use a plural
596:
as a singular pronoun". It is useful when referring to a single person of indeterminate gender, where the plural form
151:. It has been commonly employed in everyday English ever since and has gained currency in official contexts. Singular
9513:
9343:
9175:
9065:
8879:
8248:
8130:
7950:
7900:
6236:
3006:
2778:, revised and updated by Gowers's great-granddaughter, Rebecca Gowers, was published in 2014. It notes that singular
2643:
2253:
2123:
is the most popular pronoun set used by non-binary people. Approximately 80% consider it appropriate for themselves.
8843:
Burglars, Babysitters, and Persons: A Sociolinguistic Study of Generic Pronoun Usage in Philadelphia and Minneapolis
4892:
3134:
There are also issues of grammatical acceptability when reflexive pronouns refer to singular noun phrases joined by
9696:
7984:
7798:
7235:
3835:
was used to refer to known individuals ("referential antecedents, for which the gender was presumably known", e.g.
2900: β it makes occasional forays into matters of usage. It advises against use of the purportedly gender-neutral
2227:
1725:) may refer to a collective, with no necessary implication of pairwise relationships. These are examples of plural
674:
published in 1998 found that British speakers, regardless of social status, age, sex, or region, used the singular
3847:), reading was slowed when compared with use of a gendered pronoun consistent with the "stereotypic gender" (e.g.
2790:"There must be opportunity for the individual boy or girl to go as far as his keenness and ability will take him."
2130:
in the meaning "gender-neutral singular pronoun for a known person, as a non-binary identifier" was chosen by the
955:(though the proscription may have been observed more by American writers). Use of the purportedly gender-neutral
7319:
2211:
have long histories of use, and both are still used, both are also systematically avoided by particular groups.
8186:
3334:
to refer to a singular antecedent out of respect for a "traditional" grammatical rule, despite use of singular
1353:). Similarly, a study from 2002 looking at a corpus of American and British newspapers showed a preference for
8241:
Procedural Semantics for Hyperintensional Logic: Foundations and Applications of Transparent Intensional Logic
6689:
5505:
2163:
is "the only sensible solution to English's lack of a gender-neutral third-person singular personal pronoun".
8958:
British Pronoun Use, Prescription, and Processing: Linguistic and Social Influences Affecting 'They' and 'He'
8022:
7117:
5528:
3993:). Normally, birds and mammals with a known sex are referred to by their respective male or female pronoun (
3478:. Such use, which goes back a long way, includes examples where the sex is known, as in the above examples.
2709:
is called "the popular solution", which "sets the literary man's teeth on edge". It is stated that singular
682:
or other options in the context of being anaphors after indefinite pronouns like "everybody" and "anybody".
8546:
4757:
4715:
4660:
4023:
2115:
9551:, vol. 42, no. 13 (2 July 2020), pp. 34β39. Srinivasan writes (p. 39): "People use non-standard
8291:
4344:
3346:
with singular antecedents as ungrammatical, even in informal speech. Eighty-two percent find the sentence
2481:. Use the singular pronoun. ... A similar fault is the use of the plural pronoun with the antecedent
9706:
7856:
7727:
7701:
4561:
2341:
1314:, mentioning the mnemonic phrase "the male embraces the female". C. Badendyck from Brooklyn wrote to the
7826:
The American Heritage Book of English Usage: A Practical and Authoritative Guide to Contemporary English
4520:
2884:
as "scrambled syntax that people adopt because they cannot bring themselves to use a singular pronoun".
604:"It is not an actor pretending to be Reagan or Thatcher, it is, in grotesque form, the person themself."
7353:
2820:
2627:
8120:
6395:
6087:
4157:
4018:
2954:
2572:
2103:
1899:
are, or should be, privy to the confidential deliberations and secrets of the board and the company.
7864:
5706:
LaScotte, Darren K. (1 February 2016). "Singular they: An Empirical Study of Generic Pronoun Use".
3603:
linked" to the associated pronoun to indicate a set of pairwise relationships, as in the sentence:
2755:
2131:
1487:
re looking the wrong way." President George Bush, 1991 State of the Union Address; quoted by Garner
1253:
calls the generic use of masculine pronouns "the traditional view, now widely assailed as sexist".
213:
1197:
From the earliest times until about the 1960s it was unquestionably acceptable to use the pronoun
175:
and less appropriate in formal writing. However, by 2020, most style guides accepted the singular
9572:
8850:
8310:
7225:
4162:
2893:
1658:, and in some sentences where the antecedent is one of these "implied plural" pronouns, the word
1365:
801:
766:
718:
671:
164:
156:
76:
5561:
9547:
8849:. Institute for Research in Cognitive Science. University of Pennsylvania Press. Archived from
3649:. He suggests that pronouns used as "variables" in this way are more appropriately regarded as
3626:
3350:
unacceptable ... panel members seem to make a distinction between singular nouns, such as
8345:
4619:
3656:
The following shows different types of anaphoric reference, using various pronouns, including
2769:
convenience", though "necessity may eventually force it into the category of accepted idiom".
2584:
is acceptable, and that singular "they" as a replacement for "he" or "she" is more inclusive:
2085:, which they wish to be used when referring to them. Explicitly designating one's pronouns as
1674:). This is in contrast to sentences that involve multiple pairwise relationships and singular
9291:
8725:
4838:...the most natural-sounding verb is the one to use. 'They' always goes with a plural verb...
4170:
3078:
is stated to be "particularly common", even "stylistically neutral" with antecedents such as
2831:
For those listening or reading, it has become unremarkable β an element of common usage.
2560:
as a correct singular" but states that currently "formal usage requires a singular pronoun".
2442:
2178:
1373:
4272:"Frequency of singular they for gender stereotypes and the influence of the queer community"
911:"... the worthier is preferred and set before. As a man is set before a woman ..."
896:"... let us keepe a naturall order, and set the man before the woman for manners sake."
8554:
7315:
7288:
7258:
7194:
A Study of Presidential State of the Union Addresses: The Sells and Arguments that are Used
6119:
4212:
2182:
299:
83:
79:
7347:
4093:"Either the plural or the singular may be acceptable for a true bound pronoun ...": "
3178:
can't be dismissed just as a matter of political correctness. The real problem with using
8:
8618:
8385:
8266:
7571:
7061:
4862:
3902:
3600:
3443:
3182:
is that it unquestionably colours the interpretation, sometimes inappropriately ...
2888:
2607:
2149:
2144:
8558:
7649:
7635:
7488:
4686:"Singular 'they' crowned word of the decade by US linguists | DW | 04.01.2020"
4271:
4039:
Third-person pronoun#Historical, regional, and proposed gender-neutral singular pronouns
1087:
In other situations, the antecedent may refer to an indeterminate person of either sex:
1021:
9459:
8967:
8927:
Newman, Michael (1998). "What Can Pronouns Tell Us? A Case Study of English Epicenes".
8784:
8475:
8466:
8073:
8065:
7955:
7436:
7281:
7215:
6032:
6008:"My pronouns are they/them: Talking about pronouns changes how pronouns are understood"
5037:
4240:
4028:
3318:
or avoiding the problem by rewriting the sentence to use a plural or omit the pronoun.
2537:
2433:
2020:
is also sometimes used when the antecedent is known or believed to be a single person:
308:
9223:
8726:"Singular and Plural Anaphors of Indefinite Plural Pronouns in Spoken British English"
8259:
8001:
7141:
5640:
Baranowski, Maciej (2002). "Current usage of the epicene pronoun in written English".
3348:
The typical student in the program takes about six years to complete their course work
9628:
9538:
9509:
9467:
9391:
9339:
9318:
9299:
9277:
9254:
9171:
9150:
9144:
9061:
9040:
9018:
8974:
8944:
8913:
8894:
8875:
8776:
8733:
8710:
8698:
8684:
8672:
8646:
8586:
8562:
8528:
8509:
8503:
8480:
8424:
8405:
8398:
8369:
8349:
8338:
8270:
8244:
8213:
8159:
8126:
8106:
8102:
The Chicago Manual of Style: The Essential Guide for Writers, Editors, and Publishers
8100:
8077:
8057:
7896:
7885:
7830:
7762:
7600:
7579:
7507:
7470:
7451:
7381:
7197:
6232:
6037:
5964:
5723:
4244:
4232:
3910:
3622:
2721:
2093:
increases the chance that people will interpret "they" as singular. Though "singular
2051:
1386:
1298:
could not sensibly be used as a generic pronoun understood to include men and women.
943:
In spite of continuous attempts on the part of educationalists to proscribe singular
585:
316:
191:
4586:
3599:, the morphologically singular antecedent does not refer to a single entity but is "
9623:
9609:
9406:
9136:
8989:
8936:
8768:
8470:
8462:
8049:
7923:
7803:
7369:
6192:
6162:
6027:
6019:
5959:
5715:
5688:
5649:
4224:
2188:
2134:
as their "Word of the Year" for 2015. In 2016, the American Dialect Society wrote:
1817:
In addition, for these "notional plural" cases, it would not be appropriate to use
1007:"She and Louis had a game β who could find the ugliest photograph of himself."
208:
180:
160:
20:
9578:
8797:
7504:
The English Language, Volume 2: Essays by Linguistics and Men of Letters 1858β1964
6917:
6303:
6082:
4067:
Article accessible for free using a library card number from many public libraries
3289:, most experts β and some teachers and employers β find use of singular
2851:. It avoids gratuitous sexism and gives the statement broadest reference ...
2746:
a number of unattributed "faulty' examples ... The evidence presented in the
2667:, eliminating pronouns, or recasting sentences to use "one" or (for babies) "it".
1869:"cognitive dissonance: "a concept in psychology describes the condition in which
9530:
9333:
9228:
9165:
9096:
9055:
8869:
8702:
8676:
8640:
8580:
8499:
8314:
8207:
8153:
7824:
7756:
7731:
7705:
7660:
7594:
7499:
7411:
7373:
7282:"Immigration and RefugeeProtection Regulations (2002) as amended 6 February 2014"
7155:
6431:
6115:
3462:
is syntactically singular, but stands for all mothers; and in the Shaw quotation
2450:
with a singular antecedent unacceptable and advised use of the singular pronoun (
2354:
2177:
The first non-binary main character on North American television appeared on the
2171:
2109:
2061:
963:
were later criticized as being awkward or silly, for instance when referring to:
217:
9270:
8820:
3926:
3918:
3784:" is more "difficult" to understand than gendered pronouns found that "singular
3394:
might refer to a grammatically singular antecedent seen as semantically plural:
3358:, and pronouns that are grammatically singular but semantically plural, such as
1666:, suggesting a "notional plural" rather than a "bound variable" interpretation (
240:" permits a singular antecedent, but is used with the same verb forms as plural
9671:
9411:
9140:
9132:
9100:
7151:
6023:
4033:
2580:) states that "grammar shifts and changes over time", that the use of singular
2393:
1316:
1299:
879:
819:
Baskervill gives a number of examples of recognized authors using the singular
652:
537:
9057:
The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person's Guide to Writing in the 21st Century
8614:"Sorry, grammar nerds. The singular 'they' has been declared Word of the Year"
8053:
7251:
6485:
6483:
6116:"RT @pieskiis: @FireboltX What about they/them/theirs? #genderqueer #pronouns"
5692:
4787:
3945:
2881:"We can't afford to squander anyone's talents, whatever colour their skin is."
2528:
2034:
757:
The earliest known explicit recommendation by a grammarian to use the generic
9690:
9643:
9638:
9032:
9014:
8948:
8780:
8576:
8542:
8061:
7631:
6166:
6007:
5968:
5727:
5719:
5679:
Balhorn, Mark (2009). "The epicene pronoun in contemporary newspaper prose".
5018:
4458:
4236:
4228:
3618:
2869:
2698:
364:
7911:
7637:
The Works of William Paley: The principles of moral and political philosophy
5653:
3922:
3914:
66:
9633:
8484:
7484:
6480:
6041:
4080:; in American English such collective nouns are more usually followed by a
3090:, but more restricted when referring to common nouns as antecedents, as in
2648:
2418:
APA style also endorses using they/them if it is someone's (for example, a
1333:
to be third-person singular with a non-indeterminate, singular antecedent.
323:
8940:
4076:
Especially in British English, such collective nouns can be followed by a
3975:
to refer to a person might indicate antipathy or other negative emotions.
3941:
2293:
and apparently regrets the resistance by the American language community:
8285:"Federation Press Style Guide for Use in Preparation of Book Manuscripts"
7978:
7645:
7137:
4982:
3506:. The simplest examples are applied to groups of two, and use words like
3026:
recommends "gender-neutral language should be used", stating that use of
2774:
2461:
Not to be used when the antecedent is a distributive expression, such as
2437:
2361:
Normally, a singular antecedent requires a singular pronoun. But because
2214:
1345:
had become the most frequently used generic pronoun (rather than generic
1125:"... when indefinite pronouns are used as antecedents, they require
989:
874:
168:
7252:"Canadian War Veterans Allowance Act (1985) as amended 12 December 2013"
7229:
4151:
2713:
is still disapproved of by grammarians but common in colloquial speech.
2345:, the University of Chicago Press explicitly recommended using singular
888:
It has been argued that the real motivation for promoting the "generic"
810:
An English Grammar for the Use of High School, Academy and College Class
630:
for use in Canadian federal legislative texts and advises against using
9666:
8069:
7559:
7438:
Anima Poetæ: From the Unpublished Note-books of Samuel Taylor Coleridge
7211:
7089:
7087:
6396:"'Billions' Premiere Introduces TV's First Gender Non-Binary Character"
4043:
3494:
members of a group. They are typically marked in English by words like
3024:
Federation Press Style Guide for Use in Preparation of Book Manuscripts
2916:... it is now regarded ... as old-fashioned or sexist to use
2652:
2419:
1372:, or something similar, but this is often considered awkward or overly
951:, this advice was ignored; even writers of the period continued to use
840:
609:
493:
292:
283:
172:
8788:
7928:
7627:, 1983, as an example of its awkwardness when referring to both sexes.
6977:
5149:
3253:
1914:
With representatives of a class previously referred to in the singular
6365:"Merriam-Webster adds the nonbinary pronoun 'they' to its dictionary"
6272:
3557:
3321:
2798:
2013:
had to go to hospital for a month." (definite person, not identified)
701:
to refer to an indefinite person of any gender, as in the following:
660:
46:
8891:
The Handbook of Non-Sexist Writing for Writers, Editors and Speakers
8360:. N.B.: This is not the English usage authority Henry Watson Fowler.
7707:
The Works of William Makepeace Thackeray: in 22 Volumes: Vanity fair
7084:
9533:, "He, She, One, They, Ho, Hus, Hum, Ita" (review of Dennis Baron,
8772:
7349:
The right plesaunt and goodly historie of the foure sonnes of Aymon
7166:. Liberal Publication Department (Great Britain) (published 1915).
7020:
7018:
7016:
6953:
6895:
6893:
6891:
6852:
6427:"Asia Kate Dillon Talks Discovering the Word Non-Binary: 'I Cried'"
5866:
5815:
5813:
5229:
5227:
5006:
3937:
3549:
3541:
2073:
1505:
Sarah Lonsdale, "Sharp Practice Pricks Reputation of Acupuncture".
8187:"Facebook goes beyond 'male' and 'female' with new gender options"
6225:
Generic and Nonbinary Pronouns: Usage, Acceptability and Attitudes
5091:
5089:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4049:
Gender neutrality in languages with gendered third-person pronouns
3981:
can also be used for non-human animals of unspecified sex, though
959:
remained acceptable until at least the 1960s, though some uses of
644:
Gender neutrality in languages with gendered third-person pronouns
163:
has become more common and formally accepted with the move toward
147:
had emerged by the 14th century, about a century after the plural
9552:
6135:
5955:"Confused by All the New Facebook Genders? Here's What They Mean"
5498:"The Words that Failed: A chronology of early nonbinary pronouns"
5332:
5330:
5328:
5326:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4180:
3650:
2701:
and published in 1965) continues to recommend use of the generic
2067:
8759:
Kolln, Martha (1986). "Everyone's Right to Their Own Language".
7013:
6888:
6811:
6787:
6729:
6727:
5825:
5810:
5633:
5224:
5137:
5113:
4315:"The Pedant: The sheer usefulness of singular 'they' is obvious"
7910:
Arnold, Jennifer E; Venkatesh, Ranjani; Vig, Zachary A (2024).
7030:
6941:
5734:
5426:
5086:
4994:
4946:
4911:
3933:
3416:
2944:, but should not be imposed by an editor if an author has used
2261:, and avoidance where possible because its use is stigmatized.
1629:
1048:
In some cases the antecedent may refer to persons who are only
666:
Informal spoken English exhibits universal use of the singular
35:
A sticker indicating the wearer's use of singular they pronouns
7823:
6923:
5414:
5366:
5323:
5024:
4934:
4177:
2142:
The vote followed the previous year's approval of this use by
1539:
wife, husband, adopted child, adopted parent or close friend."
9367:"The Post drops the 'mike' β and the hyphen in 'e-mail'"
6876:
6763:
6751:
6739:
6724:
6617:
6615:
6334:"Merriam-Webster adds nonbinary 'they' pronoun to dictionary"
5623:
5621:
5572:
5570:
3630:
2957:
2425:
1595:
can solve the problem?". Example given by Huddleston et al.;
1287:
as a generic term to include men and women and of the use of
7887:
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
6864:
6799:
6775:
5582:
4587:"Merriam-Webster: Non-binary pronoun 'they' is word of year"
4429:"Singular They Continues to be the Focus of Language Change"
3796:, particularly when the antecedent is nonreferential" (e.g.
3372:
No one is willing to work for those wages anymore, are they?
2454:). In the 3rd edition (1979), the recommendation was still:
2395:
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
2191:
playing Taylor Mason. Both actor and character use singular
2113:
documents an example from 2008 in an article in the journal
1077:
actually cares about it. More likely if she cares about it!"
1038:"The patient should be informed of his therapeutic options."
220:. In 2020, the American Dialect Society also selected it as
9131:
8212:. Studies in English Language. Cambridge University Press.
7535:"The innovators: the app promising the perfect-fitting bra"
6929:
6905:
6489:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5443:
5441:
4818:"Singular Nonbinary 'They': Is it 'they are' or 'they is'?"
4744:
is treated as a grammatical plural and takes a plural verb.
4620:"Merriam-Webster declares 'they' its 2019 word of the year"
3568:
2035:
Use for specific, known people, including non-binary people
1769:
Which are apparent because they do not work with a generic
1695:'I never did get into that football thing', she said after
1399:, again in this context, Word of the Decade for the 2010s.
1376:, particularly when used excessively. In 2016, the journal
1117:
In 2010, Choy and Clark still recommend the use of generic
861:"Had the Doctor been contented to take my dining tables as
407:
143:
7912:"Gender competition in the production of nonbinary 'they'"
6712:
6639:
6627:
6612:
6451:
5618:
5567:
3370:. Sixty-four percent of panel members accept the sentence
2240:
2198:
1291:
to refer to any human, regardless of sex (social gender).
227:
7951:"[Letter commenting on] Hypersexism And the Feds"
6840:
6830:
6828:
6826:
6543:
6531:
6470:
6468:
6466:
5188:
5074:
5062:
4958:
2670:
1721:
There are examples where the antecedent pronoun (such as
1052:
male or to occupations traditionally thought of as male:
697:, it has historically been acceptable to use the pronoun
7855:
7761:. Cambridge; New York: Professional Communications Inc.
6278:
5849:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5438:
5178:
5176:
5125:
5043:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
3854:
The study concluded that "the increased use of singular
3591:
In some sentences, typically those including words like
3201:
agreed that he or she would bring his or her lunch with
2329:
is fast receding" in all national varieties of English.
1929:
Even when referring to a class of persons of known sex,
1843:
1480:
tells you that America's best days are behind her, then
1368:. A solution in formal writing has often been to write "
929:"The Masculine gender is more worthy than the Feminine."
8889:
Miller, Casey; Swift, Kate (1995) . Mosse, Kate (ed.).
8799:
The Doctrine of Correctness in English Usage, 1700-1800
8767:(1). National Council of Teachers of English: 100β102.
8438:
Foertsch, Julie; Gernsbacher, Morton Ann (March 1997).
6149:
Zimmer, Ben; Solomon, Jane; Carson, Charles E. (2016).
6091:(Online ed.). Oxford University Press. June 2021.
6006:
Arnold, Jennifer E.; Mayo, Heather; Dong, Lisa (2021).
5936:
5934:
5594:
4379:
3614:
seats." (where each person is associated with one seat)
3338:
by modern writers of note and mainstream publications:
3067:
sense, comparable to the purportedly extended sense of
2843:
provides a gender-free pronoun, avoiding the exclusive
9567:
Anyone who had a heart (would know their own language)
8239:
DuΕΎΓ, Marie; Jespersen, BjΓΈrn; Materna, Pavel (2010).
7001:
6989:
6823:
6519:
6507:
6495:
6463:
6260:
5299:
5200:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4122:
2225:
is more accepted in British or American English, with
2043:
if the individual's gender is unknown to the speaker.
1832:
was crouched behind the furniture to surprise me, but
1795:
was crouched behind the furniture to surprise me, and
1747:
was crouched behind the furniture to surprise me, and
159:
who consider it an error. Its continued use in modern
9101:"Sweden's gender-neutral 3rd-person singular pronoun"
8871:
Merriam-Webster's Concise Dictionary of English Usage
6965:
6065:
6063:
5890:
5837:
5758:
5660:
5606:
5477:
5465:
5453:
5311:
5287:
5263:
5251:
5239:
5173:
5050:
3625:
explain sentences like this (and others) in terms of
3474:
go not to be killed), hence idiomatically requiring
3448:
Merriam-Webster's Concise Dictionary of English Usage
3422:
Merriam-Webster's Concise Dictionary of English Usage
3037:
2805:"If someone loves animals, they should protect them."
1669:
1102:
Merriam-Webster's Concise Dictionary of English Usage
9436:"New Bible draws critics of gender-neutral language"
8907:
8238:
8125:(17th ed.). University of Chicago Press. 2017.
8105:(14th ed.). University of Chicago Press. 1993.
7412:"Letters to his Son, CCCLV, dated 27 April 27, 1759"
7346:
Caxton, William (1884) . Richardson, Octavia (ed.).
6858:
5931:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5872:
5390:
5378:
5342:
4970:
4391:
4367:
3944:") is different from the plural reflexive pronoun ("
3917:") is different from its plural reflexive pronoun ("
3530:(1805), referring to a fleet crewed by male sailors)
3466:
is syntactically singular (taking the singular form
3277:
2634:
2257:(4th ed., 2016) recommends cautious use of singular
1961:
may also be used with antecedents of mixed genders:
1577:
had been misled." Example given by Huddleston et al.
9608:
9481:Wilson, Thomas (1560). Mair, George Herbert (ed.).
8683:. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
8437:
7685:"US elections: Hillary Clinton 'about to drop out'"
7659:Shakespeare, W.; Loffelt, Antonie Cornelis (1867).
7435:Coleridge, Samuel (1895). Coleridge, Ernest (ed.).
7310:
7280:
7250:
7220:. A. and W. Galignani – via Internet Archive.
7024:
6148:
5746:
5354:
5275:
5212:
5000:
4294:
4119:
3808:) rather than referring to a specific person (e.g.
3377:
3254:
Older style guides (not newly published after 2000)
3249:
hated the film." Example given by Huddleston et al.
2920:in reference to a person of unspecified sex, as in
2811:"If people love animals, they should protect them."
2325:Garner also notes that "resistance to the singular
2002:may be used in order to ignore or conceal the sex.
1995:
is unacceptable. Example given by Huddleston et al.
1891:"A starting point would be to give more support to
1848:The singular antecedent can also be a noun such as
9315:Transgender 101: A Simple Guide to a Complex Issue
9269:
8966:
8397:
8384:
8337:
8258:
7909:
7884:
7683:
7566:. Vol. 111. British Broadcasting Corporation.
7036:
6060:
5902:
5878:
5785:
5402:
5161:
4843:
4485:"Resources for using "they" as a singular pronoun"
4150:
3788:is a cognitively efficient substitute for generic
3322:The American Heritage Book of English Usage (1996)
2733:Over the centuries, writers of standing have used
1256:
1129:subject, object, and possessive pronouns ..."
659:with a plural antecedent, which was borrowed from
272:Inflected forms of third-person personal pronouns
155:has been criticised since the mid-18th century by
8988:Ostade, Ingrid Tieken-Boon van (28 August 2000).
8419:Fowler, H. W. (2015). Butterfield, Jeremy (ed.).
8023:"Androcentrism in Prescriptive Grammar: Singular
7755:Weiss, R. E.; Kaplan, S. A.; Fair, W. R. (2004).
7651:The Works of John Ruskin: The Crown of Wild Olive
6185:
5914:
5101:
3888:
3858:is not problematic for the majority of readers".
2521:was still proscribed against, but use of generic
2245:
1407:The singular antecedent can be a pronoun such as
192:who do not exclusively identify as male or female
9688:
9503:
8697:
8671:
8395:
8283:
8152:Choy, Penelope; Clark, Dorothy Goldbart (2010).
7976:
7093:
6983:
6899:
6882:
6793:
6284:
5987:
5831:
5819:
5740:
5432:
5233:
5143:
5119:
5095:
5012:
4988:
4952:
4928:
4855:
4405:. Cambridge University Press. 16 November 2020.
4198:
3909:for singular referents. For "you", the singular
3865:, vs never when speaking about someone who used
1904:Ronald Severn, "Protecting the Secretary Bird".
1402:
1268:In 1808, poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge suggested
9434:
9224:"This Pronoun Is the Word of the Year for 2015"
9146:A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language
8868:
8444:a Cognitively Efficient Substitute for Generic
8319:(2nd ed.). Scolar Press (published 1974).
7799:"'They' was just named 2015's Word of the Year"
7754:
6959:
6947:
6870:
5420:
5372:
5336:
4940:
4399:"Singular "They": Teaching a Changing Language"
3520:England expects that every man will do his duty
3261:A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language
2540:, who wrote a number of books on writing with "
2234:A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language
1998:Even for a definite known person of known sex,
1883:Macmillan Dictionary of Business and Management
1457:an American newspaper (1984); quoted by Fowler.
9569:" by Geoff Pullum. Transcript of a radio talk.
8990:"Female grammarians of the eighteenth century"
6113:
6005:
4149:
3718:Reference to a hypothetical, indefinite entity
3131:(since only the latter implies a plural set).
2802:of London) recommends avoiding sentences like
2332:
2281:resist this development more than speakers of
2097:" has long been used with antecedents such as
2046:A known individual may also be referred to as
1109:"A Member of Parliament should always live in
1091:"Now, a writer is entitled to have a Roget on
1026:to refer to a generic or indefinite antecedent
800:as a gender-neutral pronoun on the grounds of
19:"They/them" redirects here. For the film, see
9594:
9167:Delivering the Framework for Teaching English
8681:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
8440:"In Search of Gender Neutrality: Is Singular
8363:
8336:Fowler, Henry Ramsey; Aaron, Jane E. (1992).
7445:
7048:
6769:
6757:
6745:
6215:
4276:Lavender Languages and Linguistics Conference
3747:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
3155:"Either the husband or the wife has perjured
3148:"Either the husband or the wife has perjured
3141:"Either the husband or the wife has perjured
3044:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
2618:
1597:The Cambridge Grammar of the English language
685:
590:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
244:, and has the same inflected forms as plural
97:umbrella in the office. Could you please let
9487:. Clarendon (published 1909). Archived from
8575:
8541:
8382:
7446:Collins, Chris; Postal, Paul Martin (2012).
7408:Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope Earl of
7406:
6817:
6805:
6781:
6231:(PhD). University of Helsinki. p. 221.
4756:Kruth, Rebecca; Curzan, Ann (16 June 2019).
3680:Coreferential with an indefinite antecedent:
3434:goes to battle to be killed." ... "But
3123:is considered problematic when referring to
3063:plural, can also be singular in a secondary
3017:
2563:
1922:being irrational or is he right? Of course,
1630:Notional plurality or pairwise relationships
1582:With an interrogative pronoun as antecedent:
1564:hand up." Example given by Huddleston et al.
1364:may owe in part to an increasing desire for
651:with a singular antecedent goes back to the
82:. It typically occurs with an indeterminate
9267:
9248:
8893:(3rd British ed.). The Women's Press.
8888:
8707:A Student's Introduction to English Grammar
8421:Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage
8335:
7658:
6935:
6911:
6733:
6718:
6633:
6621:
5588:
5576:
5194:
4755:
4581:
4579:
4548:
4546:
3963:?" or "With this new haircut, no one knows
3881:in writing, in speech people used singular
3342:Most of the Usage Panel rejects the use of
3328:The American Heritage Book of English Usage
3186:doesn't have a genuinely sex-neutral sense.
3168:A Student's Introduction to English Grammar
3047:discusses the prescriptivist argument that
2922:every child needs to know that he is loved.
2685:is recommended. It is stated that singular
2517:In the 4th edition (2000), use of singular
2301:He regards the trend toward using singular
1527:to call again later." Example given by Swan
1221:, etc., after gender-neutral nouns such as
1183:Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage
796:Nineteenth-century grammarians insisted on
655:of the 14th century (slightly younger than
186:In the early 21st century, use of singular
9601:
9587:
9504:Wolfram, Walt; Schilling, Natalie (2016).
9199:"On Language; You Not Tarzan, Me Not Jane"
8802:. Russell & Russell (published 1962).
8383:Fowler, H. W.; Gowers, Sir Ernest (1965).
8048:(2). Cambridge University Press: 129β146.
7448:Imposters: A Study of Pronominal Agreement
7261:. 12 December 2013. R.S.C., 1985, c. W-3.
5783:
5639:
4758:"TWTS: Singular "they" and verb agreement"
4680:
4678:
4653:"Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year 2019"
4647:
4645:
4614:
4612:
4554:"2015 Word of the Year is singular "they""
3932:Singular "they" has also been compared to
3222:"Among younger speakers", use of singular
1357:to be used as a singular epicene pronoun.
725:(1879); quoted by Baskervill & Sewell.
194:, as in, for example, "This is my friend,
190:with known individuals emerged for people
9410:
9298:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
9221:
8973:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8839:
8474:
8396:Fowler, H. W.; Burchfield, R. W. (1996).
8257:
8151:
7977:Baskervill, W. M.; Sewell, J. W. (1895).
7948:
7927:
7726:
7700:
7434:
6846:
6659:"Gendered Pronouns & Singular "They""
6594:"The Use of Singular "They" in APA Style"
6266:
6031:
5666:
5612:
5557:
5526:
5447:
5131:
4421:
3955:is primarily used for inanimate objects,
1972:mind." Example given by Huddleston et al.
670:. An examination by JΓΌrgen Gerner of the
389:If I lose my phone, my daughter lends me
9506:American English: Dialects and Variation
9458:
9335:Personal Pronouns in Present-Day English
9163:
8955:
8818:
8344:(5th ed.). HarperCollins. pp.
7736:The Works of William Makepeace Thackeray
7681:
7156:"Speech in Portsmouth, 10 November 1910"
7115:
6645:
6362:
6221:
5705:
5504:. University of Illinois. Archived from
5396:
5384:
4576:
4543:
4451:
4385:
4269:
3653:of the equivalent referential pronouns.
3569:Referential and non-referential anaphors
3051:is a plural pronoun and that the use of
2278:
2039:Known individuals may be referred to as
1788:began to laugh." Example given by Kolln.
1740:began to laugh." Example given by Kolln.
1069:"Kitchen table issues ... are ones
433:If I lose my phone, my children lend me
30:
9389:
9317:. New York: Columbia University Press.
9268:Strunk, William; White, E. B. (2000) .
9008:
8795:
8364:Fowler, H. W.; Crystal, David (2009) .
8209:Gender Shifts in the History of English
8119:
8099:
7634:; Paley, Edmund; Paxton, James (1825).
7368:
7150:
6591:
6549:
6537:
6457:
6424:
6393:
6363:Trammell, Kendall (18 September 2019).
5678:
5627:
5305:
5206:
5036:
4675:
4642:
4609:
4521:"Words We're Watching: Singular 'They'"
4210:
3775:
3401:'Tis meet that some more audience than
3138:, the following all being problematic:
2934:everyone needs to feel that they matter
2750:points in another direction altogether.
2681:(published in 1926) use of the generic
2282:
2273:is more acceptable in British English:
2241:Usage guidance in American style guides
2199:Acceptability and prescriptive guidance
2077:, and to designate pronouns, including
1670:Β§ Grammatical and logical analysis
617:
228:Inflected forms and derivative pronouns
9689:
9535:What's Your Pronoun? Beyond He and She
9480:
9464:Style: The Basics of Clarity and Grace
9249:Strunk, William; White, E. B. (1979).
9196:
9095:
9053:
9031:
8987:
8964:
8926:
8723:
8522:
8498:
8418:
8309:
8205:
8020:
7999:
7644:
7570:
7557:
7532:
7506:. Cambridge University Press Archive.
7464:
7345:
7182:
7136:
7118:"A One Way One Person Mission to Mars"
7007:
6995:
6834:
6525:
6513:
6501:
6474:
6375:from the original on 19 September 2019
6344:from the original on 19 September 2019
6193:"Gender Census 2020: Worldwide Report"
5908:
5896:
5884:
5843:
5798:from the original on 15 September 2023
5771:
5600:
5483:
5471:
5459:
5408:
5317:
5293:
5269:
5257:
5245:
5182:
5167:
5155:
5080:
5068:
5056:
4976:
4964:
4849:
4373:
3929:" for the singular reflexive pronoun.
3741:wanted to accept work as a mercenary?"
3730:wanted to accept work as a mercenary?"
3208:or even "flatly ungrammatical", as in
3097:should be told at the outset how much
2671:Usage guidance in British style guides
2599:
2221:Sources differ about whether singular
2159:s copy editor, said that the singular
1419:, or an interrogative pronoun such as
984:struggle for social progress ..."
564:If I lose my phone, my child lends me
521:If I lose my phone, my child lends me
477:If I lose my phone, my child lends me
260:), except that in the reflexive form,
123:should be told at the outset how much
9582:
9364:
9352:from the original on 13 December 2023
9331:
9312:
9184:from the original on 13 December 2023
9086:
9074:from the original on 13 December 2023
8806:from the original on 13 December 2020
8761:College Composition and Communication
8758:
8746:from the original on 13 December 2023
8659:from the original on 13 December 2023
8638:
8599:from the original on 13 December 2023
8400:The New Fowler's Modern English Usage
8323:from the original on 13 December 2023
8226:from the original on 13 December 2023
8172:from the original on 13 December 2023
7843:from the original on 13 December 2023
7796:
7775:from the original on 13 December 2023
7742:from the original on 13 December 2023
7714:from the original on 13 December 2023
7696:from the original on 11 January 2022.
7669:from the original on 13 December 2023
7665:. J. L. Beijers en J. van Boekhoven.
7630:
7613:from the original on 13 December 2023
7545:from the original on 27 February 2017
7520:from the original on 13 December 2023
7497:
7483:
7441:. London, England: William Heinemann.
7422:from the original on 13 December 2023
7394:from the original on 13 December 2023
7224:
7210:
7170:from the original on 13 December 2023
6971:
6690:"Making a case for a singular 'they'"
6669:from the original on 20 February 2019
6203:from the original on 10 November 2020
6069:
6048:from the original on 13 December 2023
5952:
5940:
5925:
5860:
5348:
5281:
5218:
5107:
4873:from the original on 11 November 2020
4768:from the original on 13 February 2020
4730:from the original on 22 February 2020
4597:from the original on 11 December 2019
4409:from the original on 25 November 2020
4300:
4145:
4143:
3921:"); with "they" one can hear either "
3409:partial, should o'erhear the speech."
3382:
3162:On the motivation for using singular
2718:The New Fowler's Modern English Usage
2655:accept or recommend singular uses of
2615:for a "gender-nonconforming person".
2269:Garner suggests that use of singular
2107:is in a tweet from 2009; the journal
1940:, because I'm not afraid of shocking
1844:Use with a generic noun as antecedent
1755:were there." Example given by Garner.
1625:." Example given by Huddleston et al.
1336:
9377:from the original on 17 January 2020
9290:
9236:from the original on 10 January 2016
8969:The Cambridge Guide to English Usage
8827:from the original on 17 January 2016
8387:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage
8366:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage
8193:from the original on 16 October 2018
8185:Griggs, Brandon (13 February 2014).
7987:from the original on 14 October 2013
7592:
7502:. In Bolton, W. F.; Crystal (eds.).
7191:
7124:from the original on 9 February 2014
6573:from the original on 31 October 2020
6439:from the original on 5 December 2018
6356:
6326:
6126:from the original on 10 October 2019
5787:"Transplant Jury to Vet Live Donors"
5784:Ballantyne, Aileen (25 March 1990).
5752:
5539:from the original on 27 October 2016
5535:. British Broadcasting Corporation.
5360:
4899:from the original on 12 January 2023
4798:from the original on 9 February 2023
4630:from the original on 25 January 2021
4501:from the original on 25 January 2021
4439:from the original on 1 November 2020
4312:
4171:participating institution membership
4134:
4082:singular verb and a singular pronoun
3831:On the other hand, when the pronoun
3194:can be "far too cumbersome", as in:
3034:as singular pronouns is acceptable.
2816:The Cambridge Guide to English Usage
2678:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage
1951:should be forced to testify against
1509:15 December 1991, as cited by Garner
1185:calls this "the now outmoded use of
967:Indeterminate persons of both sexes:
348:If I lose my phone, my son lends me
108:"My personal rule is to never trust
9442:. Associated Press. 17 March 2011.
9276:(4th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
9253:(3rd ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
9209:from the original on 7 January 2017
9164:Ross, Michael; West, Keith (2002).
9011:The Handbook of Language and Gender
8626:from the original on 8 January 2016
8611:
8184:
7883:
7857:"2015 Word of the Year is singular
7829:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 1996.
7811:from the original on 9 January 2016
6924:American Heritage Dictionaries 1996
6394:Hibberd, James (19 February 2017).
6296:
6290:
6222:Hekanaho, Laura (8 December 2020).
5993:
5025:American Heritage Dictionaries 1996
4696:from the original on 4 January 2020
3951:While the pronoun set derived from
3905:, but by the 18th century replaced
3901:, which had been both a plural and
3556:, c. 95 AD, regarding the death of
3486:Distributive constructions apply a
2501:The assessment, in 1979, was that:
1908:, 6 January 1992; quoted by Garner.
1387:identify as neither male nor female
1073:can actually do something about if
1043:a text about prostate cancer (2004)
793:" (Ann Fisher as quoted by Ostade)
678:more often than the gender-neutral
622:The Canadian government recommends
13:
9573:A brief history of singular 'they'
9524:
9222:Steinmetz, Katy (8 January 2016).
8819:Liberman, Mark (11 January 2015).
8467:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00691.x
8158:(8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
8087:from the original on 26 April 2023
7936:from the original on 24 April 2024
7893:American Psychological Association
7640:. C. and J. Rivington and J. Nunn.
7298:from the original on 19 April 2014
7268:from the original on 19 April 2014
7072:from the original on 24 March 2022
6600:from the original on 21 March 2019
6425:Masters, Jeffrey (13 April 2017).
6406:from the original on 28 April 2019
5873:DuΕΎΓ, Jespersen & Materna 2010
5495:
4792:American Psychological Association
4251:from the original on 17 April 2023
4140:
3038:Usage guidance in English grammars
2835:It expresses several preferences.
2402:American Psychological Association
2389:and its forms are often preferred.
2289:is already more or less standard."
1936:"I swear more when I'm talking to
816:on the basis of number agreement.
791:any Person who knows what he says.
626:as the reflexive form of singular
14:
9723:
9559:
9508:(3rd ed.). Wiley Blackwell.
9446:from the original on 5 March 2016
9422:from the original on 2 March 2013
9197:Safire, William (28 April 1985).
8912:. Oxford University Press. 2012.
8796:Leonard, Sterling Andrus (1929).
8139:from the original on 2 March 2021
8008:from the original on 12 July 2014
7963:from the original on 28 June 2017
7871:from the original on 6 March 2023
7533:Hickey, Shane (10 January 2015).
7291:. 6 February 2014. SOR/2002-227.
6700:from the original on 6 April 2017
6687:
6314:from the original on 29 June 2020
6248:from the original on 7 March 2021
6173:from the original on 17 July 2022
5953:Weber, Peter (21 February 2014).
5529:"The ultimate 21st-Century word?"
5527:Macdonald, Fiona (23 June 2016).
4531:from the original on 18 June 2023
4465:from the original on 4 April 2023
4355:from the original on 5 March 2023
4325:from the original on 19 June 2019
4313:Kamm, Oliver (12 December 2015).
3897:can be compared with the pronoun
3108:has asked me to go over and help
3007:The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing
2644:The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing
2636:The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing
2422:person's) preferred pronoun set.
1276:as neutral pronouns for the word
748:(1869); Baskervill & Sewell,
9712:Modern English personal pronouns
9575:(OED word stories, Dennis Baron)
9091:. Scolar Press (published 1967).
9035:(1995) . "The Language Mavens".
8996:from the original on 9 June 2011
7318:. 7 January 2015. Archived from
7238:from the original on 2 July 2014
7116:Atkinson, Nancy (4 March 2008).
7054:
7037:Arnold, Venkatesh & Vig 2024
6688:Easton, Lauren (24 March 2017).
6681:
6651:
6585:
6555:
6418:
6387:
6142:
6114:@thebutchcaucus (11 July 2009).
6107:
6095:from the original on 8 June 2021
6075:
5999:
5946:
4893:"A Note on the Nonbinary 'They'"
4716:"Chicago Style for the Singular
4560:. 9 January 2016. Archived from
4282:from the original on 25 May 2023
4087:
4078:plural verb and a plural pronoun
3546:A Collection of English Proverbs
3378:Grammatical and logical analysis
2808:by using a plural construction:
2724:and published in 1996) singular
2716:According to the third edition,
869:senses would have done ..."
812:of 1895, but prefer the generic
116:had a good time in high school."
9365:Walsh, Bill (4 December 2015).
9107:from the original on 8 May 2016
8956:Paterson, Laura Louise (2014).
7789:
7758:Management of Prostate Diseases
7376:. In Benson, Larry Dean (ed.).
7025:Foertsch & Gernsbacher 1997
6012:Psychonomic Bulletin and Review
5975:from the original on 7 May 2016
5777:
5699:
5672:
5520:
5489:
5158:, p. 106 in 1780 printing.
5030:
4885:
4810:
4780:
4749:
4708:
4513:
4477:
4270:Loughlin, Ayden (23 May 2021).
4070:
4061:
3893:The singular and plural use of
3481:
3470:), but is semantically plural (
3458:, in the Shakespeare quotation
2904:, and suggests cautious use of
2794:The Times Style and Usage Guide
2531:The Basics of Clarity and Grace
1310:approved of the use of generic
1257:Rise of gender-neutral language
1121:"in formal speech or writing":
600:might seem incongruous, as in:
134:should not be forced to reveal
9338:. Cambridge University Press.
8935:(2). John Benjamins: 353β389.
8709:. Cambridge University Press.
8505:Garner's Modern American Usage
7973:As quoted by Miller and Swift.
7797:Abadi, Mark (8 January 2016).
7738:. Vol. 20. Smith, Elder.
7682:Spillius, Alex (12 May 2008).
7416:The Works of Lord Chesterfield
5502:Illinois Department of English
5046:(5th ed.). HarperCollins.
4337:
4306:
4263:
4217:Journal of English Linguistics
4204:
3889:Comparison with other pronouns
3851:for a specific truck driver).
3390:is the idea that some uses of
2339:In the 14th edition (1993) of
2254:Garner's Modern American Usage
2247:Garner's Modern American Usage
1784:in the room was singing; then
1736:in the room was singing; then
1662:cannot be replaced by generic
1360:The increased use of singular
375:When my daughter cries, I hug
16:Gender-neutral English pronoun
1:
8525:Garner's Modern English Usage
8000:Berry, Chris; Brizee, Allen.
7949:Badendyck, C. (7 July 1985).
7710:. Vol. 2. Smith, Elder.
7196:. Oklahoma State University.
6279:American Dialect Society 2016
5373:Weiss, Kaplan & Fair 2004
4459:"How do I use singular they?"
4433:ACES: The Society for Editing
4112:
3780:A study of whether "singular
3297:Although some experts accept
2695:Fowler's Modern English Usage
2381:(or the nonstandard singular
2285:, in which the indeterminate
2228:Garner's Modern English Usage
1987:might be acceptable to some,
1799:tried to. But I already knew
1751:tried to. But I already knew
1403:Use with a pronoun antecedent
1176:Choy, Basic Grammar and Usage
1144:Choy, Basic Grammar and Usage
1082:Hillary Rodham Clinton (2008)
264:is sometimes used instead of
8642:Between Syntax and Semantics
8612:Guo, Jeff (8 January 2016).
7728:Thackeray, William Makepeace
7702:Thackeray, William Makepeace
7109:Sources of original examples
7094:Huddleston & Pullum 2002
6984:Huddleston & Pullum 2002
6900:Huddleston & Pullum 2005
6794:Fowler & Burchfield 1996
6563:"Changes in the 7th Edition"
5832:Huddleston & Pullum 2002
5820:Huddleston & Pullum 2002
5741:Fowler & Burchfield 1996
5433:Huddleston & Pullum 2002
5234:Baskervill & Sewell 1895
5144:Baskervill & Sewell 1895
5120:Baskervill & Sewell 1895
5096:Fowler & Burchfield 1996
5013:Huddleston & Pullum 2002
4989:Fowler & Burchfield 1996
4953:Fowler & Burchfield 1996
4929:Huddleston & Pullum 2002
4740:Like singular you, singular
4199:Huddleston & Pullum 2002
4024:Gender neutrality in English
2796:(first published in 2003 by
2231:stating British English and
1002:Known persons of both sexes:
980:shall not be handicapped in
419:When my children cry, I hug
7:
9702:English usage controversies
9390:Warenda, Amy (April 1993).
9313:Teich, Nicholas M. (2012).
8840:Matossian, Lou Ann (1997).
8821:"Annals of singular "they""
8732:. Rodopi. pp. 93β114.
8527:. Oxford University Press.
8508:. Oxford University Press.
8423:. Oxford University Press.
8404:. Oxford University Press.
8368:. Oxford University Press.
8122:The Chicago Manual of Style
8021:Bodine, Ann (August 1975).
7418:. Harper (published 1845).
7380:. Oxford University Press.
5642:Journal of Sociolinguistics
4211:Balhorn, Mark (June 2004).
4012:
3873:, suggesting that singular
3633:. Pinker prefers the terms
2965:instead of the traditional
2898:The Chicago Manual of Style
2525:was no longer recommended.
2357:, the recommendations are:
2342:The Chicago Manual of Style
2334:The Chicago Manual of Style
1991:seems less acceptable, and
1885:(1988), as cited by Garner.
1667:
1448:job it should be called to
976:should be so equipped that
550:When my child cries, I hug
507:When my child cries, I hug
463:When my child cries, I hug
10:
9728:
9412:10.37514/WAC-J.1993.4.1.09
8728:. In Kirk, John M. (ed.).
8579:; Gowers, Rebecca (2014).
8553:. H.M. Stationery Office.
8391:. Oxford University Press.
8340:The Little, Brown Handbook
7498:Fries, Joseph P. (1969) .
7354:Early English Text Society
7212:Byron, Baron George Gordon
7103:
6024:10.3758/s13423-021-01905-0
4788:"Welcome, singular "they""
4525:Merriam-Webster dictionary
4213:"The Rise of Epicene They"
3737:, what would you think if
3733:"If you had an unemployed
3726:, what would you think if
3722:"If you had an unemployed
3287:The Little, Brown Handbook
3279:The Little, Brown Handbook
3071:to include female gender.
2821:Cambridge University Press
2628:Associated Press Stylebook
2620:Associated Press Stylebook
2440:, the original authors of
2237:stating American English.
1966:your father or your mother
1100:Barzun (1985), quoted in
641:
206:in this context was named
167:. Some early-21st-century
18:
9657:
9619:
8523:Garner, Bryan A. (2016).
8054:10.1017/s0047404500004607
7662:Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
7593:Lash, Joseph P. (1981) .
7374:"The Pardoner's Prologue"
7312:"Themself or Themselves?"
7192:Cuellar, Jessica (2008).
7049:Collins & Postal 2012
6770:Fowler & Crystal 1926
6758:Fowler & Crystal 1926
6746:Fowler & Crystal 1926
6567:Purdue Online Writing Lab
6088:Oxford English Dictionary
5693:10.1215/00031283-2009-031
4158:Oxford English Dictionary
4019:English personal pronouns
3816:). Clauses with singular
3536:"Every dog hath his day."
3101:will be required to pay."
3018:Australian usage guidance
2955:New International Version
2573:Purdue Online Writing Lab
2565:Purdue Online Writing Lab
2116:Women's Studies Quarterly
2104:Oxford English Dictionary
2052:non-binary or genderqueer
1766:?" Example given by Swan.
925:And Poole wrote in 1646:
781:, which comprehends both
536:
492:
448:
404:
363:
334:When my son cries, I hug
322:
157:prescriptive commentators
127:will be required to pay."
9143:; Svartvik, Jan (1985).
8992:. University of Leiden.
8645:. Taylor & Francis.
8639:Huang, C. T. J. (2009).
8551:The Complete Plain Words
8243:. Springer Netherlands.
8002:"Using Pronouns Clearly"
7916:Glossa Psycholinguistics
7865:American Dialect Society
7599:. Penguin Group Canada.
7578:. Kessinger Publishing.
7226:Cable, George Washington
7183:Barzun, Jacques (1985).
6818:Gowers & Gowers 2014
6806:Gowers & Fraser 1973
6782:Fowler & Gowers 1965
6167:10.1215/00031283-3633118
5720:10.1215/00031283-3509469
5001:Canadian government 2015
4991:, p. 776, themself.
4558:American Dialect Society
4403:World of Better Learning
4229:10.1177/0075424204265824
4054:
3714:didn't leave a message."
3703:didn't leave a message."
3692:didn't leave a message."
3676:didn't leave a message."
3548:(1670), originally from
2952:The 2011 edition of the
2756:The Complete Plain Words
2675:In the first edition of
2166:In 2019, the non-binary
2132:American Dialect Society
1873:attitudes conflict with
1718:at one time or another."
1531:"It will be illegal for
1500:up as an acupuncturist."
994:American English Grammar
831:must judge according to
735:who turns this page has
709:did not know it, it was
686:Prescription of generic
637:
214:American Dialect Society
86:, in sentences such as:
9697:Gender-neutral pronouns
9613:gender-neutral pronouns
9296:Practical English Usage
9054:Pinker, Steven (2014).
8910:New Oxford Style Manual
8724:Gerner, JΓΌrgen (2000).
8269:/ Profile Books. 2010.
8155:Basic Grammar and Usage
6912:Fowler & Aaron 1992
6734:Miller & Swift 1995
6719:Miller & Swift 1995
6634:Strunk & White 2000
6622:Strunk & White 1979
5654:10.1111/1467-9481.00193
5589:Miller & Swift 1995
5577:Miller & Swift 1995
5195:Miller & Swift 1995
4163:Oxford University Press
3629:, a term borrowed from
3004:The British edition of
2894:Oxford University Press
2400:The 7th edition of the
2119:. As of 2020, singular
1977:the husband or the wife
1366:gender-neutral language
1251:Garner's Modern English
1060:would be completely by
938:(1646); cited by Bodine
719:George Washington Cable
672:British National Corpus
313:(independent genitive)
165:gender-neutral language
9548:London Review of Books
9484:The Arte of Rhetorique
8585:. London: Particular.
7493:. Brightly and Childs.
7062:"It is I vs. It is me"
3563:
3533:
3452:
3427:
3375:
3312:
3275:
3251:
3188:
2950:
2833:
2752:
2705:; use of the singular
2597:
2515:
2499:
2416:
2391:
2323:
2305:with antecedents like
2299:
2291:
2267:
2140:
2027:has apparently locked
1911:
1888:
1634:Although the pronouns
1627:
1601:
1579:
1566:
1535:to donate an organ to
1529:
1512:
1489:
1460:
1326:
1247:
1179:
1167:should let you borrow
1157:should let you borrow
1147:
1115:
1106:
1085:
1066:
1056:"It wouldn't be as if
1046:
1019:
999:
941:
923:
918:The arte of Rhetorique
908:
903:The arte of Rhetorique
886:
858:
755:
728:
615:
309:Predicative possessive
36:
9332:Wales, Katie (1996).
9272:The Elements of Style
9251:The Elements of Style
9117:... our pronoun
9089:The English Accidence
9087:Poole, Josua (1646).
9037:The Language Instinct
8960:. Palgrave Macmillan.
8941:10.1075/sl.22.2.04new
8699:Huddleston, Rodney D.
8455:Psychological Science
8261:Economist Style Guide
8206:Curzan, Anne (2003).
7490:The Family Instructor
7378:The Riverside Chaucer
6986:, pp. 1457β1458.
6883:Federation Press 2014
6859:New Hart's Rules 2012
6340:. 18 September 2019.
6151:"Among the New Words"
5448:Choy & Clark 2010
3534:
3516:
3428:
3405:, since nature makes
3396:
3340:
3295:
3266:
3239:
3172:
2914:
2874:refers to the use of
2829:
2731:
2586:
2529:Joseph M. Williams's
2503:
2456:
2443:The Elements of Style
2428:The Elements of Style
2426:Strunk & White's
2412:
2359:
2319:
2295:
2275:
2263:
2136:
2050:if the individual is
1944:". From an interview.
1918:"I had to decide: Is
1893:the company secretary
1889:
1867:
1615:
1585:
1567:
1554:
1513:
1490:
1474:
1438:
1322:
1195:
1151:
1123:
1107:
1089:
1067:
1054:
1036:
1005:
970:
936:The English Accidence
927:
909:
894:
859:
825:
765:in formal English is
729:
703:
642:Further information:
602:
382:My daughter tells me
304:(dependent genitive)
300:Prenominal possessive
141:This use of singular
49:or derivative forms,
34:
8965:Peters, Pam (2004).
8908:"New Hart's Rules".
7596:Eleanor and Franklin
7572:Huxley, Thomas Henry
7558:Hislop, Ian (1984).
7316:Government of Canada
7289:Government of Canada
7259:Government of Canada
7160:The Liberal Magazine
6960:Merriam-Webster 2002
6948:Merriam-Webster 2002
6871:Washington Post 2011
6696:. Associated Press.
6694:AP Definitive Source
6400:Entertainment Weekly
5421:Merriam-Webster 2002
5337:Merriam-Webster 2002
4941:Merriam-Webster 2002
4626:. 10 December 2019.
4593:. 10 December 2019.
4386:Ross & West 2002
3776:Cognitive efficiency
3772:windscreen broken."
3314:It recommends using
2864:individual ..."
2693:The second edition,
2203:Though both generic
1022:Contemporary use of
1014:Eleanor and Franklin
773:assertion that "The
769:'s mid-18th century
618:Regional preferences
426:My children tell me
396:My daughter dresses
80:third-person pronoun
9537:, Liveright, 2020,
9460:Williams, Joseph M.
9440:The Washington Post
9371:The Washington Post
9149:. Harlow: Longman.
8929:Studies in Language
8856:on 19 February 2012
8703:Pullum, Geoffrey K.
8619:The Washington Post
8559:1973cpw..book.....G
8267:The Economist Group
8042:Language in Society
7576:A Liberal Education
7096:, pp. 488β489.
6962:, pp. 735β736.
6926:, pp. 178β179.
6820:, pp. 210β213.
6199:. 7 November 2020.
5863:, pp. 100β102.
5630:, pp. 563β564.
5083:, pp. 111β112.
5071:, pp. 129β146.
5015:, pp. 493β494.
4967:, pp. 811β812.
4867:merriam-webster.com
4828:on 12 November 2020
4161:(Online ed.).
3584:you mentioned, are
3444:George Bernard Shaw
3352:the typical student
3115:Use of the pronoun
2912:presents problems.
2839:"Generic/universal
2608:The Washington Post
2601:The Washington Post
2145:The Washington Post
1933:is sometimes used:
1621:promised to behave
1374:politically correct
1294:It was argued that
847:(1823), quoted as "
273:
232:Like the "singular
9707:Grammatical number
9203:The New York Times
9170:. Nelson Thornes.
8673:Huddleston, Rodney
7980:An English Grammar
7956:The New York Times
7867:. 8 January 2016.
7146:. Richard Bentley.
6663:Purdue Writing Lab
5508:on 8 February 2019
4663:on 6 December 2020
4029:Notional agreement
3456:notional agreement
3420:(1599); quoted in
3388:Notional agreement
3383:Notional agreement
3174:this avoidance of
2878:in sentences like
2594:Purdue Writing Lab
2538:Joseph M. Williams
2434:William Strunk Jr.
2407:Publication Manual
2148:style guide, when
1926:were often right."
1836:instead surprised
1337:Contemporary usage
1308:The New York Times
1071:the next president
1058:the lone astronaut
974:every boy and girl
750:An English Grammar
739:own little diary."
557:My child tells me
514:My child tells me
470:My child tells me
440:My children dress
271:
222:Word of the Decade
216:, and for 2019 by
37:
9684:
9683:
9324:978-0-231-15712-4
9305:978-0-194-42098-3
9283:978-0-205-31342-6
9260:978-0-205-19158-1
9156:978-0-582-51734-9
9137:Greenbaum, Sidney
9099:(13 April 2012).
9024:978-0-631-22502-7
8980:978-3-125-33187-7
8919:978-0-199-65722-3
8874:. Penguin. 2002.
8739:978-90-420-0419-1
8716:978-0-521-84837-4
8690:978-0-521-43146-0
8652:978-0-203-87352-6
8592:978-0-241-96035-6
8568:978-0-11-700340-8
8534:978-0-19-049148-2
8515:978-0-19-516191-5
8430:978-0-19-966135-0
8411:978-0-198-61021-2
8375:978-0-199-58589-2
8355:978-0-673-52132-3
8276:978-1-846-68606-1
8265:(10th ed.).
8219:978-1-139-43668-7
8165:978-1-428-21155-1
8112:978-0-226-10389-1
8027:, Sex-Indefinite
7929:10.5070/G60111306
7863:(Press release).
7836:978-0-547-56321-3
7768:978-1-884-73595-0
7732:"On Lett's Diary"
7606:978-0-451-14076-0
7585:978-1-425-35760-3
7513:978-0-451-14076-0
7476:978-1-426-88577-8
7467:Prodigal Daughter
7387:978-0-199-55209-2
7370:Chaucer, Geoffrey
7217:Werner, a Tragedy
7203:978-0-549-99288-2
7187:. Harper and Row.
7185:Simple and Direct
7068:. 23 March 2021.
6736:, pp. 57β58.
6648:, pp. 23β25.
6540:, pp. 76β77.
6490:Quirk et al. 1985
5603:, pp. 46β47.
5591:, pp. 11β61.
4492:www1.ucdenver.edu
4345:"Singular "They""
4169:(Subscription or
3911:reflexive pronoun
3841:that truck driver
3623:Rodney Huddleston
3001:, and the like."
2823:) finds singular
2772:A new edition of
2722:Robert Burchfield
2542:clarity and grace
744:W. M. Thackeray,
579:
578:
571:My child dresses
528:My child dresses
484:My child dresses
416:are my children.
45:, along with its
9719:
9603:
9596:
9589:
9580:
9579:
9543:978 1 63149 6042
9519:
9500:
9498:
9496:
9477:
9455:
9453:
9451:
9431:
9429:
9427:
9421:
9414:
9396:
9386:
9384:
9382:
9361:
9359:
9357:
9328:
9309:
9287:
9275:
9264:
9245:
9243:
9241:
9218:
9216:
9214:
9193:
9191:
9189:
9160:
9128:
9114:
9112:
9097:Pullum, Geoffrey
9092:
9083:
9081:
9079:
9050:
9028:
9005:
9003:
9001:
8984:
8972:
8961:
8952:
8923:
8904:
8885:
8865:
8863:
8861:
8855:
8848:
8836:
8834:
8832:
8815:
8813:
8811:
8792:
8755:
8753:
8751:
8720:
8694:
8677:Pullum, Geoffrey
8668:
8666:
8664:
8635:
8633:
8631:
8608:
8606:
8604:
8572:
8538:
8519:
8500:Garner, Bryan A.
8495:
8493:
8487:. Archived from
8478:
8452:
8434:
8415:
8403:
8392:
8390:
8379:
8359:
8343:
8332:
8330:
8328:
8306:
8304:
8302:
8296:
8290:. Archived from
8289:
8280:
8264:
8254:
8235:
8233:
8231:
8202:
8200:
8198:
8181:
8179:
8177:
8148:
8146:
8144:
8116:
8096:
8094:
8092:
8086:
8039:
8017:
8015:
8013:
7996:
7994:
7992:
7972:
7970:
7968:
7945:
7943:
7941:
7931:
7906:
7891:(5th ed.).
7890:
7880:
7878:
7876:
7852:
7850:
7848:
7820:
7818:
7816:
7804:Business Insider
7784:
7782:
7780:
7751:
7749:
7747:
7723:
7721:
7719:
7697:
7687:
7678:
7676:
7674:
7655:
7641:
7622:
7620:
7618:
7589:
7567:
7554:
7552:
7550:
7529:
7527:
7525:
7494:
7480:
7469:. Steeple Hill.
7461:
7442:
7431:
7429:
7427:
7403:
7401:
7399:
7365:
7363:
7361:
7342:
7329:
7327:
7307:
7305:
7303:
7297:
7286:
7277:
7275:
7273:
7267:
7256:
7247:
7245:
7243:
7221:
7207:
7188:
7179:
7177:
7175:
7147:
7133:
7131:
7129:
7097:
7091:
7082:
7081:
7079:
7077:
7058:
7052:
7046:
7040:
7034:
7028:
7022:
7011:
7005:
6999:
6993:
6987:
6981:
6975:
6969:
6963:
6957:
6951:
6945:
6939:
6936:Shakespeare 1599
6933:
6927:
6921:
6915:
6909:
6903:
6897:
6886:
6880:
6874:
6868:
6862:
6856:
6850:
6844:
6838:
6832:
6821:
6815:
6809:
6803:
6797:
6791:
6785:
6779:
6773:
6767:
6761:
6755:
6749:
6743:
6737:
6731:
6722:
6716:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6705:
6685:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6674:
6655:
6649:
6643:
6637:
6631:
6625:
6619:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6605:
6589:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6578:
6559:
6553:
6547:
6541:
6535:
6529:
6523:
6517:
6511:
6505:
6499:
6493:
6487:
6478:
6472:
6461:
6455:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6444:
6422:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6391:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6360:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6330:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6300:
6294:
6288:
6282:
6276:
6270:
6264:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6253:
6247:
6230:
6219:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6208:
6189:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6178:
6146:
6140:
6139:
6133:
6131:
6111:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6079:
6073:
6067:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6035:
6018:(5): 1688β1697.
6003:
5997:
5991:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5950:
5944:
5938:
5929:
5923:
5912:
5906:
5900:
5894:
5888:
5882:
5876:
5870:
5864:
5858:
5847:
5841:
5835:
5829:
5823:
5817:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5792:The Sunday Times
5789:
5781:
5775:
5769:
5756:
5750:
5744:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5703:
5697:
5696:
5676:
5670:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5637:
5631:
5625:
5616:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5580:
5574:
5565:
5555:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5496:Barron, Dennis.
5493:
5487:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5445:
5436:
5430:
5424:
5418:
5412:
5406:
5400:
5394:
5388:
5382:
5376:
5370:
5364:
5358:
5352:
5346:
5340:
5334:
5321:
5315:
5309:
5303:
5297:
5291:
5285:
5279:
5273:
5267:
5261:
5255:
5249:
5243:
5237:
5231:
5222:
5216:
5210:
5204:
5198:
5192:
5186:
5180:
5171:
5165:
5159:
5153:
5147:
5141:
5135:
5129:
5123:
5117:
5111:
5105:
5099:
5093:
5084:
5078:
5072:
5066:
5060:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5034:
5028:
5022:
5016:
5010:
5004:
4998:
4992:
4986:
4980:
4974:
4968:
4962:
4956:
4950:
4944:
4938:
4932:
4926:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4859:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4833:
4824:. Archived from
4814:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4737:
4735:
4726:. 3 April 2017.
4724:cmosshoptalk.com
4712:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4682:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4659:. Archived from
4649:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4616:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4583:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4564:on 12 April 2016
4550:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4500:
4489:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4461:. 4 March 2020.
4455:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4395:
4389:
4383:
4377:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4208:
4202:
4196:
4175:
4174:
4166:
4154:
4147:
4138:
4132:
4106:
4105:is / are smart."
4091:
4085:
4074:
4068:
4065:
3824:for a nurse and
3561:
3531:
3450:
3425:
3400:
3245:I was with said
3229:"You should ask
3190:The alternative
3106:A friend of mine
3074:Use of singular
2924:The alternative
2889:New Hart's Rules
2827:"unremarkable":
2595:
2284:
2280:
2189:Asia Kate Dillon
2158:
1964:"Let me know if
1909:
1886:
1694:
1673:
1510:
1486:
1458:
1440:"I feel that if
1192:
1177:
1145:
1104:
1083:
1044:
1017:
1012:Joseph P. Lash,
997:
972:"The ideal that
939:
921:
906:
884:
856:
802:number agreement
775:Masculine Person
753:
726:
613:
612:(1984), Fowler's
454:
372:is my daughter.
341:My son tells me
311:
302:
274:
270:
212:for 2015 by the
209:Word of the Year
181:personal pronoun
171:described it as
161:standard English
9727:
9726:
9722:
9721:
9720:
9718:
9717:
9716:
9687:
9686:
9685:
9680:
9672:Spivak pronouns
9653:
9615:
9607:
9562:
9531:Amia Srinivasan
9527:
9525:Further reading
9522:
9516:
9494:
9492:
9474:
9449:
9447:
9425:
9423:
9419:
9399:The WAC Journal
9394:
9380:
9378:
9355:
9353:
9346:
9325:
9306:
9284:
9261:
9239:
9237:
9212:
9210:
9187:
9185:
9178:
9157:
9141:Leech, Geoffrey
9133:Quirk, Randolph
9110:
9108:
9077:
9075:
9068:
9047:
9025:
8999:
8997:
8981:
8920:
8901:
8900:978-07043-44426
8882:
8859:
8857:
8853:
8846:
8830:
8828:
8809:
8807:
8749:
8747:
8740:
8717:
8691:
8662:
8660:
8653:
8629:
8627:
8602:
8600:
8593:
8569:
8535:
8516:
8491:
8450:
8431:
8412:
8376:
8356:
8326:
8324:
8300:
8298:
8294:
8287:
8277:
8251:
8229:
8227:
8220:
8196:
8194:
8175:
8173:
8166:
8142:
8140:
8133:
8113:
8090:
8088:
8084:
8037:
8011:
8009:
7990:
7988:
7966:
7964:
7939:
7937:
7903:
7874:
7872:
7846:
7844:
7837:
7814:
7812:
7792:
7787:
7778:
7776:
7769:
7745:
7743:
7717:
7715:
7672:
7670:
7654:. George Allen.
7625:Reader's Digest
7616:
7614:
7607:
7586:
7548:
7546:
7523:
7521:
7514:
7477:
7465:Davids (2010).
7458:
7425:
7423:
7397:
7395:
7388:
7359:
7357:
7325:
7323:
7301:
7299:
7295:
7284:
7271:
7269:
7265:
7254:
7241:
7239:
7231:Old Creole Days
7204:
7173:
7171:
7152:Bagehot, Walter
7127:
7125:
7106:
7101:
7100:
7092:
7085:
7075:
7073:
7060:
7059:
7055:
7047:
7043:
7035:
7031:
7023:
7014:
7006:
7002:
6994:
6990:
6982:
6978:
6970:
6966:
6958:
6954:
6946:
6942:
6934:
6930:
6922:
6918:
6910:
6906:
6898:
6889:
6881:
6877:
6869:
6865:
6857:
6853:
6845:
6841:
6833:
6824:
6816:
6812:
6804:
6800:
6792:
6788:
6780:
6776:
6768:
6764:
6756:
6752:
6744:
6740:
6732:
6725:
6717:
6713:
6703:
6701:
6686:
6682:
6672:
6670:
6657:
6656:
6652:
6644:
6640:
6632:
6628:
6620:
6613:
6603:
6601:
6590:
6586:
6576:
6574:
6561:
6560:
6556:
6548:
6544:
6536:
6532:
6528:, pp. 196.
6524:
6520:
6516:, pp. 736.
6512:
6508:
6500:
6496:
6488:
6481:
6473:
6464:
6456:
6452:
6442:
6440:
6432:Huffington Post
6423:
6419:
6409:
6407:
6392:
6388:
6378:
6376:
6361:
6357:
6347:
6345:
6332:
6331:
6327:
6317:
6315:
6308:Merriam-Webster
6302:
6301:
6297:
6289:
6285:
6277:
6273:
6265:
6261:
6251:
6249:
6245:
6239:
6228:
6220:
6216:
6206:
6204:
6191:
6190:
6186:
6176:
6174:
6155:American Speech
6147:
6143:
6129:
6127:
6112:
6108:
6098:
6096:
6081:
6080:
6076:
6068:
6061:
6051:
6049:
6004:
6000:
5992:
5988:
5978:
5976:
5951:
5947:
5939:
5932:
5924:
5915:
5907:
5903:
5895:
5891:
5883:
5879:
5871:
5867:
5859:
5850:
5842:
5838:
5834:, p. 1473.
5830:
5826:
5822:, p. 1458.
5818:
5811:
5801:
5799:
5782:
5778:
5770:
5759:
5751:
5747:
5739:
5735:
5708:American Speech
5704:
5700:
5681:American Speech
5677:
5673:
5665:
5661:
5638:
5634:
5626:
5619:
5611:
5607:
5599:
5595:
5587:
5583:
5579:, pp. 1β9.
5575:
5568:
5556:
5552:
5542:
5540:
5525:
5521:
5511:
5509:
5494:
5490:
5482:
5478:
5470:
5466:
5458:
5454:
5446:
5439:
5431:
5427:
5419:
5415:
5407:
5403:
5395:
5391:
5383:
5379:
5371:
5367:
5359:
5355:
5347:
5343:
5335:
5324:
5316:
5312:
5304:
5300:
5292:
5288:
5280:
5276:
5268:
5264:
5256:
5252:
5244:
5240:
5232:
5225:
5217:
5213:
5205:
5201:
5193:
5189:
5181:
5174:
5166:
5162:
5154:
5150:
5142:
5138:
5130:
5126:
5118:
5114:
5106:
5102:
5094:
5087:
5079:
5075:
5067:
5063:
5055:
5051:
5035:
5031:
5023:
5019:
5011:
5007:
4999:
4995:
4987:
4983:
4975:
4971:
4963:
4959:
4951:
4947:
4939:
4935:
4927:
4912:
4902:
4900:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4876:
4874:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4848:
4844:
4831:
4829:
4822:Merriam Webster
4816:
4815:
4811:
4801:
4799:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4771:
4769:
4754:
4750:
4733:
4731:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4699:
4697:
4684:
4683:
4676:
4666:
4664:
4657:Merriam-Webster
4651:
4650:
4643:
4633:
4631:
4618:
4617:
4610:
4600:
4598:
4585:
4584:
4577:
4567:
4565:
4552:
4551:
4544:
4534:
4532:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4468:
4466:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4442:
4440:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4412:
4410:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4384:
4380:
4372:
4368:
4358:
4356:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4328:
4326:
4311:
4307:
4299:
4295:
4285:
4283:
4268:
4264:
4254:
4252:
4209:
4205:
4197:
4178:
4168:
4148:
4141:
4133:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4109:
4092:
4088:
4075:
4071:
4066:
4062:
4057:
4015:
3903:polite singular
3891:
3845:a runner I knew
3810:a runner I knew
3778:
3773:
3762:
3742:
3731:
3715:
3704:
3693:
3677:
3627:bound variables
3617:Linguists like
3615:
3589:
3571:
3562:
3540:
3532:
3526:
3484:
3451:
3442:
3438:do get killed."
3426:
3413:
3398:
3385:
3380:
3324:
3283:
3256:
3238:
3220:
3206:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3113:
3102:
3040:
3022:The Australian
3020:
2932:in this sense (
2882:
2847:and the clumsy
2812:
2806:
2791:
2697:(edited by Sir
2673:
2639:
2623:
2604:
2596:
2593:
2568:
2535:
2446:, found use of
2431:
2398:
2355:Bryan A. Garner
2337:
2317:as inevitable:
2250:
2243:
2201:
2174:'s dictionary.
2172:Merriam-Webster
2156:
2110:American Speech
2037:
2032:
2031:in the office."
2014:
1996:
1973:
1956:
1945:
1927:
1910:
1906:Financial Times
1903:
1887:
1881:
1846:
1841:
1815:
1804:
1789:
1767:
1762:was late, were
1756:
1741:
1719:
1704:
1692:
1690:
1632:
1540:
1511:
1504:
1484:
1459:
1456:
1405:
1378:American Speech
1339:
1259:
1190:
1189:to mean 'anyone
1178:
1175:
1162:
1146:
1143:
1130:
1105:
1099:
1084:
1081:
1045:
1042:
1028:
1018:
1011:
998:
988:
940:
933:
922:
915:
907:
900:
885:
873:
857:
851:must judge of
839:
777:answers to the
754:
746:On Lett's Diary
743:
727:
723:Old Creole Days
717:
691:
646:
640:
620:
614:
608:
449:
355:My son dresses
312:
307:
303:
298:
290:
281:
230:
224:for the 2010s.
218:Merriam-Webster
139:
128:
117:
106:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9725:
9715:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9682:
9681:
9679:
9678:
9677:
9676:
9675:
9674:
9658:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9620:
9617:
9616:
9606:
9605:
9598:
9591:
9583:
9577:
9576:
9570:
9561:
9560:External links
9558:
9557:
9556:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9520:
9514:
9501:
9491:on 4 June 2016
9478:
9473:978-0205605354
9472:
9456:
9432:
9387:
9362:
9344:
9329:
9323:
9310:
9304:
9288:
9282:
9265:
9259:
9246:
9219:
9194:
9176:
9161:
9155:
9129:
9093:
9084:
9066:
9051:
9046:978-0140175295
9045:
9033:Pinker, Steven
9029:
9023:
9006:
8985:
8979:
8962:
8953:
8924:
8918:
8905:
8899:
8886:
8880:
8866:
8837:
8816:
8793:
8773:10.2307/357389
8756:
8738:
8721:
8715:
8695:
8689:
8669:
8651:
8636:
8609:
8591:
8577:Gowers, Ernest
8573:
8567:
8543:Gowers, Ernest
8539:
8533:
8520:
8514:
8496:
8494:on 2 May 2015.
8461:(2): 106β111.
8435:
8429:
8416:
8410:
8393:
8380:
8374:
8361:
8354:
8333:
8307:
8297:on 10 May 2013
8281:
8275:
8255:
8249:
8236:
8218:
8203:
8182:
8164:
8149:
8131:
8117:
8111:
8097:
8018:
7997:
7974:
7946:
7907:
7901:
7881:
7853:
7835:
7821:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7785:
7767:
7752:
7724:
7698:
7679:
7656:
7642:
7632:Paley, William
7628:
7605:
7590:
7584:
7568:
7555:
7530:
7512:
7495:
7481:
7475:
7462:
7457:978-0262016889
7456:
7443:
7432:
7404:
7386:
7366:
7356:. pp. 38f
7343:
7322:on 1 June 2016
7308:
7278:
7248:
7222:
7208:
7202:
7189:
7180:
7148:
7143:Mansfield Park
7134:
7112:
7105:
7102:
7099:
7098:
7083:
7053:
7041:
7029:
7012:
7010:, p. 379.
7000:
6998:, p. 378.
6988:
6976:
6974:, p. 144.
6964:
6952:
6950:, p. 736.
6940:
6938:, p. 105.
6928:
6916:
6914:, p. 354.
6904:
6902:, p. 104.
6887:
6875:
6863:
6851:
6849:, p. 117.
6847:Economist 2010
6839:
6837:, p. 538.
6822:
6810:
6808:, p. 140.
6798:
6796:, p. 779.
6786:
6784:, p. 635.
6774:
6772:, p. 404.
6762:
6760:, p. 648.
6750:
6748:, p. 392.
6738:
6723:
6711:
6680:
6650:
6638:
6626:
6611:
6584:
6554:
6542:
6530:
6518:
6506:
6504:, p. 195.
6494:
6492:, p. 770.
6479:
6477:, p. 822.
6462:
6450:
6417:
6386:
6355:
6325:
6295:
6283:
6271:
6267:Steinmetz 2016
6259:
6237:
6214:
6184:
6161:(2): 200β225.
6141:
6106:
6074:
6059:
5998:
5986:
5945:
5930:
5913:
5901:
5899:, p. 643.
5889:
5877:
5875:, p. 334.
5865:
5848:
5846:, p. 161.
5836:
5824:
5809:
5776:
5774:, p. 175.
5757:
5755:, p. 101.
5745:
5743:, p. 776.
5733:
5698:
5687:(4): 391β413.
5671:
5667:Matossian 1997
5659:
5648:(3): 378β397.
5632:
5617:
5613:Badendyck 1985
5605:
5593:
5581:
5566:
5558:Coleridge 1895
5550:
5519:
5488:
5486:, p. 460.
5476:
5474:, p. 372.
5464:
5462:, p. 367.
5452:
5450:, p. 213.
5437:
5435:, p. 492.
5425:
5423:, p. 734.
5413:
5401:
5389:
5377:
5375:, p. 147.
5365:
5363:, p. 454.
5353:
5351:, p. 215.
5341:
5339:, p. 735.
5322:
5320:, p. 131.
5310:
5308:, p. 225.
5298:
5296:, p. 134.
5286:
5274:
5272:, p. 208.
5262:
5260:, p. 167.
5250:
5248:, p. 195.
5238:
5223:
5211:
5209:, p. 101.
5199:
5187:
5185:, p. 133.
5172:
5160:
5148:
5136:
5134:, p. 189.
5132:Thackeray 1869
5124:
5112:
5100:
5098:, p. 358.
5085:
5073:
5061:
5059:, p. 814.
5049:
5029:
5027:, p. 178.
5017:
5005:
4993:
4981:
4969:
4957:
4955:, p. 777.
4945:
4943:, p. 731.
4933:
4931:, p. 494.
4910:
4884:
4854:
4842:
4809:
4779:
4762:Michigan Radio
4748:
4707:
4690:Deutsche Welle
4674:
4641:
4608:
4575:
4542:
4512:
4476:
4450:
4420:
4390:
4388:, p. 180.
4378:
4376:, p. 260.
4366:
4336:
4305:
4303:, p. 125.
4293:
4262:
4203:
4201:, p. 493.
4176:
4139:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4086:
4069:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4034:Spivak pronoun
4031:
4026:
4021:
4014:
4011:
3936:(such as the "
3890:
3887:
3806:a truck driver
3777:
3774:
3763:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3732:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3705:
3694:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3639:bound variable
3605:
3579:
3570:
3567:
3538:
3524:
3483:
3480:
3440:
3411:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3323:
3320:
3310:them ....
3293:unacceptable:
3282:
3276:
3255:
3252:
3228:
3210:
3196:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3103:
3092:
3039:
3036:
3019:
3016:
2961:uses singular
2880:
2866:
2865:
2810:
2804:
2789:
2672:
2669:
2638:
2633:
2622:
2617:
2603:
2598:
2591:
2567:
2562:
2534:
2527:
2430:
2424:
2397:
2392:
2336:
2331:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2200:
2197:
2187:in 2017, with
2054:and considers
2036:
2033:
2022:
2009:in Paris, and
2004:
1974:
1963:
1946:
1935:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1901:
1879:
1866:
1865:
1845:
1842:
1827:
1810:was late, was
1805:
1790:
1779:
1757:
1742:
1731:
1705:
1691:
1680:
1631:
1628:
1614:
1613:
1584:
1583:
1553:
1552:
1530:
1502:
1473:
1472:
1454:
1437:
1436:
1404:
1401:
1338:
1335:
1317:New York Times
1300:William Safire
1258:
1255:
1173:
1141:
1113:constituency."
1097:
1079:
1040:
1027:
1020:
1009:
1004:
1003:
986:
969:
968:
931:
913:
898:
880:Mansfield Park
871:
855:own feelings."
837:
835:own feelings."
741:
715:
690:
684:
653:Middle English
639:
636:
619:
616:
606:
577:
576:
574:
569:
567:
562:
560:
555:
553:
548:
546:
542:
534:
533:
531:
526:
524:
519:
517:
512:
510:
505:
503:
499:
490:
489:
487:
482:
480:
475:
473:
468:
466:
461:
460:are my child.
459:
455:
446:
445:
443:
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431:
429:
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401:
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361:
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353:
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332:
330:
326:
320:
319:
314:
305:
296:
287:
278:
229:
226:
129:
118:
112:who says that
107:
88:
77:gender-neutral
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9724:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9694:
9692:
9673:
9670:
9669:
9668:
9665:
9664:
9663:
9660:
9659:
9656:
9650:
9649:singular they
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9621:
9618:
9614:
9611:
9604:
9599:
9597:
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9590:
9585:
9584:
9581:
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9571:
9568:
9564:
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9554:
9550:
9549:
9544:
9540:
9536:
9532:
9529:
9528:
9517:
9515:9781118391457
9511:
9507:
9502:
9490:
9486:
9485:
9479:
9475:
9469:
9465:
9461:
9457:
9445:
9441:
9437:
9433:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9404:
9400:
9393:
9388:
9376:
9372:
9368:
9363:
9351:
9347:
9345:9780521471022
9341:
9337:
9336:
9330:
9326:
9320:
9316:
9311:
9307:
9301:
9297:
9293:
9292:Swan, Michael
9289:
9285:
9279:
9274:
9273:
9266:
9262:
9256:
9252:
9247:
9235:
9231:
9230:
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9200:
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9183:
9179:
9177:9780748762620
9173:
9169:
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9147:
9142:
9138:
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9098:
9094:
9090:
9085:
9073:
9069:
9067:9780698170308
9063:
9059:
9058:
9052:
9048:
9042:
9038:
9034:
9030:
9026:
9020:
9017:: Blackwell.
9016:
9012:
9007:
8995:
8991:
8986:
8982:
8976:
8971:
8970:
8963:
8959:
8954:
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8911:
8906:
8902:
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8892:
8887:
8883:
8881:9780877796336
8877:
8873:
8872:
8867:
8852:
8845:
8844:
8838:
8826:
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8817:
8805:
8801:
8800:
8794:
8790:
8786:
8782:
8778:
8774:
8770:
8766:
8762:
8757:
8745:
8741:
8735:
8731:
8727:
8722:
8718:
8712:
8708:
8704:
8700:
8696:
8692:
8686:
8682:
8678:
8674:
8670:
8658:
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8644:
8643:
8637:
8625:
8621:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8598:
8594:
8588:
8584:
8583:
8578:
8574:
8570:
8564:
8560:
8556:
8552:
8548:
8547:Fraser, Bruce
8544:
8540:
8536:
8530:
8526:
8521:
8517:
8511:
8507:
8506:
8501:
8497:
8490:
8486:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8468:
8464:
8460:
8456:
8449:
8447:
8443:
8436:
8432:
8426:
8422:
8417:
8413:
8407:
8402:
8401:
8394:
8389:
8388:
8381:
8377:
8371:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8351:
8347:
8342:
8341:
8334:
8322:
8318:
8317:
8312:
8308:
8293:
8286:
8282:
8278:
8272:
8268:
8263:
8262:
8256:
8252:
8250:9789048188123
8246:
8242:
8237:
8225:
8221:
8215:
8211:
8210:
8204:
8192:
8188:
8183:
8171:
8167:
8161:
8157:
8156:
8150:
8138:
8134:
8132:9780226287058
8128:
8124:
8123:
8118:
8114:
8108:
8104:
8103:
8098:
8083:
8079:
8075:
8071:
8067:
8063:
8059:
8055:
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8047:
8043:
8036:
8034:
8030:
8026:
8019:
8007:
8003:
7998:
7986:
7982:
7981:
7975:
7962:
7958:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7921:
7917:
7913:
7908:
7904:
7902:1-55798-790-4
7898:
7894:
7889:
7888:
7882:
7870:
7866:
7862:
7860:
7854:
7842:
7838:
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7827:
7822:
7810:
7806:
7805:
7800:
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7794:
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7764:
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7759:
7753:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7725:
7713:
7709:
7708:
7703:
7699:
7695:
7691:
7690:The Telegraph
7686:
7680:
7668:
7664:
7663:
7657:
7653:
7652:
7647:
7643:
7639:
7638:
7633:
7629:
7626:
7612:
7608:
7602:
7598:
7597:
7591:
7587:
7581:
7577:
7573:
7569:
7565:
7561:
7556:
7544:
7540:
7536:
7531:
7519:
7515:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7496:
7492:
7491:
7486:
7485:Defoe, Daniel
7482:
7478:
7472:
7468:
7463:
7459:
7453:
7450:. MIT Press.
7449:
7444:
7440:
7439:
7433:
7421:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7393:
7389:
7383:
7379:
7375:
7371:
7367:
7355:
7351:
7350:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7335:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7294:
7290:
7283:
7279:
7264:
7260:
7253:
7249:
7237:
7233:
7232:
7227:
7223:
7219:
7218:
7213:
7209:
7205:
7199:
7195:
7190:
7186:
7181:
7169:
7165:
7161:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7145:
7144:
7139:
7135:
7123:
7119:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7095:
7090:
7088:
7071:
7067:
7066:Thesaurus.com
7063:
7057:
7050:
7045:
7038:
7033:
7026:
7021:
7019:
7017:
7009:
7004:
6997:
6992:
6985:
6980:
6973:
6968:
6961:
6956:
6949:
6944:
6937:
6932:
6925:
6920:
6913:
6908:
6901:
6896:
6894:
6892:
6884:
6879:
6872:
6867:
6861:, p. 27.
6860:
6855:
6848:
6843:
6836:
6831:
6829:
6827:
6819:
6814:
6807:
6802:
6795:
6790:
6783:
6778:
6771:
6766:
6759:
6754:
6747:
6742:
6735:
6730:
6728:
6721:, p. 50.
6720:
6715:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6684:
6668:
6664:
6660:
6654:
6647:
6646:Williams 2008
6642:
6636:, p. 60.
6635:
6630:
6624:, p. 60.
6623:
6618:
6616:
6599:
6595:
6592:Chelsea Lee.
6588:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6558:
6551:
6546:
6539:
6534:
6527:
6522:
6515:
6510:
6503:
6498:
6491:
6486:
6484:
6476:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6459:
6454:
6438:
6434:
6433:
6428:
6421:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6390:
6374:
6370:
6366:
6359:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6329:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6299:
6292:
6287:
6280:
6275:
6268:
6263:
6244:
6240:
6238:9789515168313
6234:
6227:
6226:
6218:
6202:
6198:
6197:Gender Census
6194:
6188:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6152:
6145:
6137:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6110:
6094:
6090:
6089:
6084:
6078:
6071:
6066:
6064:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6009:
6002:
5995:
5990:
5974:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5956:
5949:
5943:, p. 12.
5942:
5937:
5935:
5927:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5910:
5905:
5898:
5893:
5886:
5881:
5874:
5869:
5862:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5845:
5840:
5833:
5828:
5821:
5816:
5814:
5797:
5793:
5788:
5780:
5773:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5754:
5749:
5742:
5737:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5702:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5675:
5668:
5663:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5636:
5629:
5624:
5622:
5614:
5609:
5602:
5597:
5590:
5585:
5578:
5573:
5571:
5563:
5559:
5554:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5523:
5507:
5503:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5480:
5473:
5468:
5461:
5456:
5449:
5444:
5442:
5434:
5429:
5422:
5417:
5410:
5405:
5398:
5397:Spillius 2008
5393:
5386:
5385:Atkinson 2008
5381:
5374:
5369:
5362:
5357:
5350:
5345:
5338:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5319:
5314:
5307:
5302:
5295:
5290:
5284:, p. 21.
5283:
5278:
5271:
5266:
5259:
5254:
5247:
5242:
5235:
5230:
5228:
5221:, p. vi.
5220:
5215:
5208:
5203:
5197:, p. 46.
5196:
5191:
5184:
5179:
5177:
5169:
5164:
5157:
5152:
5145:
5140:
5133:
5128:
5121:
5116:
5109:
5104:
5097:
5092:
5090:
5082:
5077:
5070:
5065:
5058:
5053:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5033:
5026:
5021:
5014:
5009:
5002:
4997:
4990:
4985:
4979:, p. 23.
4978:
4973:
4966:
4961:
4954:
4949:
4942:
4937:
4930:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4858:
4851:
4846:
4839:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4813:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4783:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4743:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4719:
4711:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4681:
4679:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4646:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4613:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4549:
4547:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4516:
4497:
4493:
4486:
4480:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4424:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4387:
4382:
4375:
4370:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4340:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4309:
4302:
4297:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4266:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4223:(2): 79β104.
4222:
4218:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4172:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4153:
4146:
4144:
4136:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4118:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4095:Every student
4090:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4064:
4060:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3859:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3771:
3767:
3760:
3756:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3706:"One of your
3702:
3698:
3695:"One of your
3691:
3687:
3684:"One of your
3679:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3619:Steven Pinker
3613:
3609:
3604:
3602:
3601:anaphorically
3598:
3594:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3573:The singular
3566:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3454:According to
3449:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3414:Shakespeare,
3410:
3408:
3404:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3326:According to
3319:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3285:According to
3280:
3274:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3258:According to
3250:
3248:
3244:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3107:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2949:
2948:consistently.
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2870:The Economist
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2809:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2699:Ernest Gowers
2696:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2277:"Speakers of
2274:
2272:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2181:drama series
2180:
2175:
2173:
2170:was added to
2169:
2164:
2162:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2126:The singular
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1979:has perjured
1978:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1523:name and ask
1522:
1518:
1508:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1444:is not doing
1443:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1025:
1015:
1008:
1001:
1000:
995:
991:
985:
983:
979:
975:
966:
965:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
947:in favour of
946:
937:
930:
926:
919:
912:
904:
897:
893:
891:
882:
881:
876:
870:
868:
864:
854:
850:
846:
842:
836:
834:
830:
824:
823:, including:
822:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
771:A New Grammar
768:
764:
760:
751:
747:
740:
738:
734:
724:
720:
714:
712:
708:
702:
700:
696:
689:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
635:
633:
629:
625:
611:
605:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
572:
570:
565:
563:
558:
556:
551:
549:
547:is my child.
544:
543:
541:
540:
535:
529:
527:
522:
520:
515:
513:
508:
506:
504:is my child.
501:
500:
498:
497:
491:
485:
483:
478:
476:
471:
469:
464:
462:
457:
456:
453:
447:
441:
439:
434:
432:
427:
425:
420:
418:
413:
412:
410:
409:
403:
397:
395:
390:
388:
383:
381:
376:
374:
369:
368:
366:
362:
356:
354:
349:
347:
342:
340:
335:
333:
328:
327:
325:
321:
318:
315:
310:
306:
301:
297:
294:
288:
285:
279:
276:
275:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
236:", "singular
235:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
145:
137:
133:
126:
122:
115:
111:
104:
100:
96:
92:
87:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
43:
33:
29:
25:
23:
9648:
9546:
9545:, 304 pp.),
9534:
9505:
9493:. Retrieved
9489:the original
9483:
9463:
9448:. Retrieved
9439:
9424:. Retrieved
9402:
9398:
9379:. Retrieved
9370:
9354:. Retrieved
9334:
9314:
9295:
9271:
9250:
9238:. Retrieved
9227:
9211:. Retrieved
9202:
9186:. Retrieved
9166:
9145:
9123:
9118:
9116:
9109:. Retrieved
9088:
9076:. Retrieved
9056:
9036:
9010:
8998:. Retrieved
8968:
8957:
8932:
8928:
8909:
8890:
8870:
8858:. Retrieved
8851:the original
8842:
8829:. Retrieved
8808:. Retrieved
8798:
8764:
8760:
8748:. Retrieved
8729:
8706:
8680:
8661:. Retrieved
8641:
8628:. Retrieved
8617:
8601:. Retrieved
8581:
8550:
8524:
8504:
8489:the original
8458:
8454:
8445:
8441:
8420:
8399:
8386:
8365:
8339:
8325:. Retrieved
8315:
8299:. Retrieved
8292:the original
8260:
8240:
8228:. Retrieved
8208:
8195:. Retrieved
8174:. Retrieved
8154:
8141:. Retrieved
8121:
8101:
8089:. Retrieved
8045:
8041:
8032:
8028:
8024:
8010:. Retrieved
7989:. Retrieved
7979:
7965:. Retrieved
7954:
7938:. Retrieved
7919:
7915:
7886:
7873:. Retrieved
7858:
7845:. Retrieved
7825:
7813:. Retrieved
7802:
7790:Bibliography
7777:. Retrieved
7757:
7744:. Retrieved
7735:
7716:. Retrieved
7706:
7689:
7671:. Retrieved
7661:
7650:
7646:Ruskin, John
7636:
7624:
7623:; quoted in
7615:. Retrieved
7595:
7575:
7564:The Listener
7563:
7560:"Ian Hislop"
7547:. Retrieved
7539:The Guardian
7538:
7522:. Retrieved
7503:
7489:
7466:
7447:
7437:
7424:. Retrieved
7415:
7396:. Retrieved
7377:
7358:. Retrieved
7348:
7337:
7333:
7331:
7324:. Retrieved
7320:the original
7300:. Retrieved
7270:. Retrieved
7240:. Retrieved
7230:
7216:
7193:
7184:
7172:. Retrieved
7163:
7159:
7142:
7138:Austen, Jane
7126:. Retrieved
7108:
7107:
7074:. Retrieved
7065:
7056:
7044:
7032:
7003:
6991:
6979:
6967:
6955:
6943:
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6907:
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6842:
6813:
6801:
6789:
6777:
6765:
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6741:
6714:
6702:. Retrieved
6693:
6683:
6671:. Retrieved
6662:
6653:
6641:
6629:
6602:. Retrieved
6587:
6575:. Retrieved
6566:
6557:
6550:Chicago 2017
6545:
6538:Chicago 1993
6533:
6521:
6509:
6497:
6458:Chicago 2017
6453:
6443:17 September
6441:. Retrieved
6430:
6420:
6410:17 September
6408:. Retrieved
6399:
6389:
6379:19 September
6377:. Retrieved
6368:
6358:
6348:19 September
6346:. Retrieved
6337:
6328:
6318:19 September
6316:. Retrieved
6307:
6298:
6286:
6274:
6262:
6250:. Retrieved
6224:
6217:
6205:. Retrieved
6196:
6187:
6175:. Retrieved
6158:
6154:
6144:
6134:– via
6128:. Retrieved
6109:
6097:. Retrieved
6086:
6077:
6050:. Retrieved
6015:
6011:
6001:
5989:
5977:. Retrieved
5958:
5948:
5904:
5892:
5880:
5868:
5839:
5827:
5800:. Retrieved
5791:
5779:
5748:
5736:
5714:(1): 62β80.
5711:
5707:
5701:
5684:
5680:
5674:
5662:
5645:
5641:
5635:
5628:Pauwels 2003
5608:
5596:
5584:
5553:
5541:. Retrieved
5532:
5522:
5510:. Retrieved
5506:the original
5501:
5491:
5479:
5467:
5455:
5428:
5416:
5404:
5392:
5380:
5368:
5356:
5344:
5313:
5306:Leonard 1929
5301:
5289:
5277:
5265:
5253:
5241:
5214:
5207:Warenda 1993
5202:
5190:
5163:
5151:
5139:
5127:
5115:
5103:
5076:
5064:
5052:
5041:
5032:
5020:
5008:
4996:
4984:
4972:
4960:
4948:
4936:
4901:. Retrieved
4887:
4875:. Retrieved
4866:
4857:
4845:
4837:
4830:. Retrieved
4826:the original
4821:
4812:
4800:. Retrieved
4791:
4782:
4770:. Retrieved
4761:
4751:
4741:
4739:
4732:. Retrieved
4723:
4717:
4710:
4698:. Retrieved
4689:
4665:. Retrieved
4661:the original
4656:
4632:. Retrieved
4623:
4599:. Retrieved
4590:
4566:. Retrieved
4562:the original
4557:
4533:. Retrieved
4524:
4515:
4503:. Retrieved
4491:
4479:
4467:. Retrieved
4453:
4441:. Retrieved
4432:
4423:
4411:. Retrieved
4402:
4393:
4381:
4369:
4357:. Retrieved
4348:
4339:
4327:. Retrieved
4318:
4308:
4296:
4284:. Retrieved
4275:
4265:
4253:. Retrieved
4220:
4216:
4206:
4156:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4063:
4006:
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3994:
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3986:
3982:
3978:
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3779:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3754:
3746:
3738:
3734:
3727:
3723:
3711:
3710:phoned, but
3707:
3700:
3699:phoned, but
3696:
3689:
3688:phoned, but
3685:
3673:
3669:
3657:
3655:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3616:
3611:
3610:returned to
3607:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3574:
3572:
3564:
3553:
3545:
3535:
3517:
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3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3482:Distribution
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3446:, quoted in
3435:
3431:
3429:
3421:
3415:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3371:
3367:
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3325:
3315:
3313:
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3298:
3296:
3290:
3286:
3284:
3278:
3269:
3268:The pronoun
3267:
3259:
3257:
3246:
3242:
3240:
3234:
3231:your partner
3230:
3223:
3221:
3216:
3215:here, isn't
3212:
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3202:
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3191:
3189:
3183:
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3133:
3128:
3127:rather than
3124:
3120:
3116:
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3098:
3094:
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2998:
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2875:
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2754:
2753:
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2734:
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2717:
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2710:
2706:
2702:
2694:
2692:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2649:Casey Miller
2642:
2640:
2635:
2626:
2624:
2619:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2587:
2581:
2577:
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2270:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2215:Style guides
2213:
2208:
2207:and generic
2204:
2202:
2192:
2183:
2176:
2167:
2165:
2160:
2153:
2143:
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2017:
2015:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1948:
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1937:
1930:
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1699:returned to
1696:
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1532:
1524:
1520:
1519:calls, take
1516:
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1493:
1491:
1481:
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1475:
1468:
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1377:
1369:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1320:in a reply:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:, ...
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1193:", stating:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1118:
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1055:
1049:
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1037:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1013:
1006:
993:
981:
977:
973:
971:
960:
956:
952:
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944:
942:
935:
928:
924:
917:
910:
902:
895:
889:
887:
878:
866:
862:
860:
852:
848:
844:
832:
828:
826:
820:
818:
813:
809:
805:
797:
795:
790:
786:
782:
779:general Name
778:
774:
770:
762:
761:rather than
758:
756:
749:
745:
736:
733:Every person
732:
730:
722:
710:
706:
704:
698:
694:
692:
687:
679:
675:
667:
665:
656:
648:
647:
631:
627:
623:
621:
603:
597:
593:
589:
581:
580:
538:
495:
451:
406:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
231:
221:
207:
203:
199:
195:
187:
185:
176:
169:style guides
152:
148:
142:
140:
135:
132:a journalist
131:
124:
120:
113:
109:
105:can get it?"
102:
98:
94:
90:
72:
67:
62:
58:
54:
50:
41:
39:
38:
28:
21:
9667:neopronouns
9629:generic she
9466:. Longman.
9450:23 November
9426:28 December
9381:14 December
9356:13 November
9213:12 February
9188:13 November
9078:13 November
9060:. Penguin.
9039:. Penguin.
8582:Plain Words
8327:8 September
8311:Fisher, Ann
7991:17 December
7967:12 February
7051:, p. .
7008:Pinker 1995
6996:Pinker 1995
6835:Peters 2004
6673:19 February
6526:Garner 2016
6514:Garner 2016
6502:Garner 2016
6475:Garner 2016
6207:10 November
5909:Newman 1998
5897:Garner 2003
5885:Davids 2010
5844:Fowler 2015
5772:Garner 2003
5601:Safire 1985
5484:Garner 2016
5472:Fowler 2015
5460:Fowler 2015
5409:Barzun 1985
5318:Bodine 1975
5294:Bodine 1975
5270:Wilson 1560
5258:Wilson 1560
5246:Austen 1814
5183:Bodine 1975
5168:Ostade 2000
5156:Fisher 1750
5081:Gerner 2000
5069:Bodine 1975
5057:Fowler 2015
4977:Hislop 1984
4965:Fowler 2015
4877:27 December
4850:Pullum 2012
4772:13 February
4734:14 February
4634:27 December
4601:10 December
4505:27 December
4469:27 December
4443:27 December
4413:27 December
4374:Pinker 2014
3686:girlfriends
3672:phoned but
3095:The patient
2872:Style Guide
2775:Plain Words
2720:(edited by
2589:identities.
2505:The use of
2438:E. B. White
2062:genderfluid
1920:this person
1877:behaviour".
1821:instead of
1803:was there."
1678:, such as:
1452:attention."
1304:On Language
1237:, etc., or
990:C. C. Fries
875:Jane Austen
713:own fault."
331:is my son.
121:The patient
101:know where
9691:Categories
9662:neologisms
9624:generic he
9405:: 99β107.
9013:. Malden,
8831:12 January
8810:15 October
8301:14 January
8197:15 October
7360:11 January
7334:themselves
7128:17 January
6972:Huang 2009
6577:19 January
6070:Abadi 2016
5941:Teich 2012
5926:Walsh 2015
5861:Kolln 1986
5560:, p.
5543:26 October
5512:25 October
5349:Fries 1969
5282:Poole 1646
5219:Byron 1823
5108:Cable 1879
4903:12 January
4863:"Themself"
4301:Wales 1996
4173:required.)
4113:References
4044:Neopronoun
3927:themselves
3919:yourselves
3761:hand up."
3697:boyfriends
3643:antecedent
3635:quantifier
3243:The person
3213:Everyone's
3203:him or her
3150:themselves
3121:themselves
3112: ..."
2653:Kate Swift
2497: ....
2479:many a man
2420:non-binary
2379:themselves
2150:Bill Walsh
1989:themselves
1871:a person's
1823:themselves
1780:"At first
1732:"At first
1712:themselves
1623:themselves
1498:themselves
1370:he or she"
1306:column in
1243:his or her
1235:themselves
1153:Informal:
841:Lord Byron
767:Ann Fisher
693:Alongside
624:themselves
610:Ian Hislop
598:themselves
586:Huddleston
442:themselves
293:accusative
284:nominative
280:Subjective
266:themselves
202:at work."
173:colloquial
84:antecedent
63:themselves
9240:9 January
8949:0378-4177
8781:0010-096X
8750:6 January
8663:6 January
8630:9 January
8603:6 January
8313:(1750) .
8230:6 January
8176:6 January
8078:146362006
8062:0047-4045
8033:He or She
7875:9 January
7847:6 January
7815:9 January
7779:6 January
7746:6 January
7718:6 January
7673:6 January
7648:(1873) .
7617:6 January
7549:6 January
7524:6 January
7426:6 January
7398:6 January
7372:(2008) .
7228:(1907) .
7174:6 January
6460:, Β§5.252.
5969:1091-2339
5802:2 January
5753:Bush 1991
5728:0003-1283
5361:Lash 1981
4700:4 January
4349:APA Style
4319:The Times
4245:144747717
4237:0075-4242
4135:Swan 2009
3946:ourselves
3766:Every car
3558:Euripides
3316:he or she
3217:he or she
3192:he or she
3061:primarily
3059:, though
2946:he or she
2926:he or she
2910:he or she
2799:The Times
2475:every one
2471:everybody
2307:everybody
2099:everybody
2016:The word
1949:No mother
1830:Everybody
1793:Everybody
1786:he or she
1775:he or she
1745:Everybody
1636:everybody
1606:everybody
1417:everybody
1351:he or she
1249:In 2016,
1239:he or she
1181:In 2015,
1064:." (2008)
996:, (1940).
849:Every one
829:Every one
808:in their
661:Old Norse
450:Singular
317:Reflexive
289:Objective
138:sources."
73:theirself
47:inflected
40:Singular
22:They/Them
9553:pronouns
9462:(2008).
9444:Archived
9417:Archived
9375:Archived
9350:Archived
9294:(2009).
9234:Archived
9207:Archived
9182:Archived
9111:26 April
9105:Archived
9072:Archived
8994:Archived
8825:Archived
8804:Archived
8744:Archived
8705:(2005).
8679:(2002).
8657:Archived
8624:Archived
8597:Archived
8549:(1973).
8502:(2003).
8485:25593408
8321:Archived
8224:Archived
8191:Archived
8170:Archived
8137:Archived
8091:26 April
8082:Archived
8012:2 August
8006:Archived
7985:Archived
7961:Archived
7940:24 April
7934:Archived
7895:. 2001.
7869:Archived
7841:Archived
7809:Archived
7773:Archived
7740:Archived
7730:(1869).
7712:Archived
7704:(1868).
7694:Archived
7667:Archived
7611:Archived
7574:(2005).
7543:Archived
7518:Archived
7487:(1816).
7420:Archived
7410:(1759).
7392:Archived
7338:themself
7326:26 April
7302:19 April
7293:Archived
7272:19 April
7263:Archived
7236:Archived
7214:(1823).
7168:Archived
7154:(1910).
7140:(1833).
7122:Archived
7076:22 April
7070:Archived
6698:Archived
6667:Archived
6604:21 March
6598:Archived
6571:Archived
6552:, Β§5.48.
6437:Archived
6404:Archived
6373:Archived
6342:Archived
6338:NBC News
6312:Archived
6291:Guo 2016
6243:Archived
6201:Archived
6171:Archived
6124:Archived
6093:Archived
6046:Archived
6042:33945124
5994:CNN 2014
5973:Archived
5796:Archived
5537:Archived
5533:BBC News
4897:Archived
4871:Archived
4796:Archived
4766:Archived
4728:Archived
4694:Archived
4628:Archived
4595:Archived
4591:BBC News
4535:26 March
4529:Archived
4527:. 2019.
4496:Archived
4463:Archived
4437:Archived
4407:Archived
4353:Archived
4323:Archived
4280:Archived
4249:Archived
4013:See also
3991:Snuggles
3967:is me."
3938:royal we
3923:themself
3915:yourself
3837:my nurse
3814:my nurse
3724:daughter
3651:homonyms
3608:Everyone
3588:coming?"
3550:Plutarch
3542:John Ray
3539:β
3525:β
3492:multiple
3490:idea to
3460:a mother
3441:β
3412:β
3403:a mother
3364:everyone
3356:a person
3264:(1985):
3199:Everyone
3170:states:
3157:themself
3129:everyone
3117:themself
3080:everyone
3065:extended
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