45:
468:(SC-FDE) scheme. The single carrier transmission, unlike SC-FDMA and OFDM, employs no IDFT or DFT at the transmitter, but introduces the cyclic prefix to transform the linear channel convolution into a circular one. After removing the cyclic prefix at the receiver, a DFT is applied to arrive in the frequency domain, where a simple single-carrier frequency-domain-equalization (SC-FDE) scheme can be employed, followed by the IDFT operation.
472:
422:
430:
mapped to a subset of consecutive subcarriers, thereby confining them to only a fraction of the system bandwidth. In distributed mapping, the DFT outputs of the input data are assigned to subcarriers over the entire bandwidth non-continuously, resulting in zero amplitude for the remaining subcarriers. A special case of distributed SC-FDMA is called interleaved SC-FDMA (
382:) greatly benefits the mobile terminal in terms of transmit power efficiency and reduced cost of the power amplifier. This is where SC-FDMA gets its name from: it's an OFDM signal that mimics the characteristics of a single-carrier QAM signal. It has been adopted as the uplink multiple access scheme in
460:
can be easily counteracted. The advantage is that frequency domain equalization using FFTs requires less computation than conventional time-domain equalization, which require multi-tap FIR or IIR-filters. Less computations result in less compounded round-off error, which can be viewed as numerical
429:
The distinguishing feature of SC-FDMA is that it leads to a single-carrier transmit signal, in contrast to OFDMA which is a multi-carrier transmission scheme. Subcarrier mapping can be classified into two types: localized mapping and distributed mapping. In localized mapping, the DFT outputs are
389:
The performance of SC-FDMA in relation to OFDMA has been the subject of various studies. Although the performance gap is small, SC-FDMA's advantage of low PAPR makes it desirable for uplink wireless transmission in mobile communication systems, where transmitter power efficiency is of paramount
417:
In SC-FDMA, multiple access among users is made possible by assigning different users different sets of non-overlapping
Fourier coefficients (sub-carriers). This is achieved at the transmitter by inserting (prior to IDFT) silent Fourier coefficients (at positions assigned to other users), and
410:). Then different transmitters (users) are assigned different Fourier coefficients. This assignment is carried out in the mapping and demapping blocks. The receiver side includes one demapping block, one IDFT block, and one detection block for each user signal to be received. Just like in
449:(PAPR), resulting in relaxed design parameters in the transmit path of a subscriber unit. Intuitively, the reason lies in the fact that where OFDM transmit symbols directly modulate multiple sub-carriers, SC-FDMA transmit symbols are first processed by an N-point DFT block.
414:, guard intervals (called cyclic prefixes) with cyclic repetition are introduced between blocks of symbols in view to efficiently eliminate inter-symbol interference from time spreading (caused by multi-path propagation) among the blocks.
363:). Like other multiple access schemes (TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, OFDMA), it deals with the assignment of multiple users to a shared communication resource. SC-FDMA can be interpreted as a linearly precoded
753:
Priyanto, Basuki E.; Codina, Humbert; Rene, Sergi; Sorensen, Troels B.; Mogensen, Preben (2007). "Initial
Performance Evaluation of DFT-Spread OFDM Based SC-FDMA for UTRA LTE Uplink".
452:
In OFDM, as well as SC-FDMA, equalization is achieved on the receiver side, after the DFT calculation, by multiplying each
Fourier coefficient by a complex number. Thus,
398:
The transmission processing of SC-FDMA is very similar to that of OFDMA. For each user, the sequence of bits transmitted is mapped to a complex constellation of symbols (
17:
1187:
1154:
1177:
883:
Falconer, D.; Ariyavisitakul, S.L.; Benyamin-Seeyar, A.; Eidson, B. (2002). "Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems".
654:
Ekstrom, H.; Furuskar, A.; Karlsson, J.; Meyer, M.; Parkvall, S.; Torsner, J.; Wahlqvist, M. (2006). "Technical solutions for the 3G long-term evolution".
794:
Benvenuto, N.; Tomasin, S. (2002). "On the comparison between OFDM and single carrier modulation with a DFE using a frequency-domain feedforward filter".
927:
327:
1007:
970:
1012:
465:
1055:
291:
1293:
842:
Myung, Hyung; Lim, Junsung; Goodman, David (2006). "Peak-To-Average Power Ratio of Single
Carrier FDMA Signals with Pulse Shaping".
1172:
1288:
431:
1083:
770:
729:
920:
707:
Nisar, Muhammad Danish; Nottensteiner, Hans; Hindelang, Thomas (2007). "On
Performance Limits of DFT Spread OFDM Systems".
987:
320:
236:
821:
708:
957:
348:
1192:
1050:
859:
215:
1202:
982:
109:
1314:
1164:
1126:
1045:
965:
913:
407:
296:
210:
182:
149:
124:
76:
1065:
313:
1182:
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1022:
999:
569:
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514:
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114:
486:
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453:
368:
266:
86:
1261:
139:
1256:
559:
536:
383:
276:
159:
905:
613:
95:
541:
Less sensitive to non-linear distortion and hence, it allows the use of low-cost power amplifiers
173:
52:
1266:
554:
352:
286:
281:
119:
104:
1251:
940:
936:
690:"Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Physical Layer Aspects for Evolved UTRA"
588:
446:
271:
205:
1235:
129:
66:
61:
844:
2006 IEEE 17th
International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications
8:
865:
776:
735:
671:
636:
187:
164:
144:
1134:
437:
Owing to its inherent single carrier structure, a prominent advantage of SC-FDMA over
1230:
1144:
948:
855:
780:
766:
725:
134:
689:
640:
1217:
1117:
892:
869:
847:
803:
758:
739:
717:
675:
663:
628:
457:
378:, especially in the uplink communications where lower peak-to-average power ratio (
261:
256:
81:
71:
507:
196:
721:
434:), where the occupied subcarriers are equally spaced over the entire bandwidth.
807:
464:
A related concept is the combination of a single carrier transmission with the
851:
667:
1308:
495:
762:
632:
44:
882:
530:
379:
301:
241:
220:
1225:
36:
896:
1207:
246:
1139:
1040:
935:
33:
374:
SC-FDMA has drawn great attention as an attractive alternative to
1035:
1073:
1030:
755:
2007 IEEE 65th
Vehicular Technology Conference - VTC2007-Spring
421:
1149:
564:
442:
375:
371:
processing step preceding the conventional OFDMA processing.
364:
251:
653:
706:
438:
411:
403:
399:
752:
471:
710:
2007 16th IST Mobile and
Wireless Communications Summit
614:"Single carrier FDMA for uplink wireless transmission"
589:"SC-FDMA vs. OFDM Modulation - MATLAB & Simulink"
393:
612:Myung, Hyung; Lim, Junsung; Goodman, David (2006).
418:removing them on the receiver side after the DFT.
1306:
793:
841:
611:
367:scheme, in the sense that it has an additional
921:
321:
466:single-carrier frequency-domain-equalization
18:Single-carrier frequency-division-multiplex
928:
914:
328:
314:
694:3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
544:Greater robustness against spectral nulls
27:Frequency-division multiple access scheme
445:is that its transmit signal has a lower
420:
14:
1307:
909:
822:"SC-FDMA Single Carrier FDMA in LTE"
523:
796:IEEE Transactions on Communications
24:
621:IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine
470:
394:Transmitter and receiver structure
349:frequency-division multiple access
25:
1326:
519:LP-OFDMA: Linearly precoded OFDMA
425:Localized and distributed mapping
386:(LTE), or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA).
43:
876:
835:
814:
787:
746:
700:
682:
647:
605:
581:
13:
1:
1245:Delay and disruption tolerant
575:
570:Time-division multiple access
885:IEEE Communications Magazine
656:IEEE Communications Magazine
351:scheme. Originally known as
7:
722:10.1109/ISTMWC.2007.4299159
548:
515:Analog-to-digital converter
502:Digital-to-analog converter
447:peak-to-average power ratio
10:
1331:
808:10.1109/TCOMM.2002.1010614
487:Discrete Fourier Transform
481:Discrete Fourier Transform
454:frequency-selective fading
237:Capacity-approaching codes
1279:
1244:
1216:
1163:
1125:
1116:
1097:
1082:
1064:
1021:
998:
956:
947:
852:10.1109/PIMRC.2006.254407
668:10.1109/MCOM.2006.1607864
560:3GPP Long Term Evolution
537:carrier frequency offset
384:3GPP Long Term Evolution
763:10.1109/VETECS.2007.650
633:10.1109/MVT.2006.307304
357:linearly precoded OFDMA
174:Hierarchical modulation
1315:Channel access methods
1267:Dynamic Source Routing
937:Channel access methods
757:. pp. 3175–3179.
555:Carrier interferometry
475:
426:
353:Carrier Interferometry
474:
424:
941:media access control
355:, it is also called
1165:Collision avoidance
535:Low sensitivity to
531:PAPR (crest factor)
341:Single-carrier FDMA
1127:Collision recovery
476:
427:
96:Digital modulation
1302:
1301:
1281:Duplexing methods
1275:
1274:
1112:
1111:
897:10.1109/35.995852
772:978-1-4244-0266-3
731:978-1-4244-1662-2
593:www.mathworks.com
524:Useful properties
491:CP: Cyclic Prefix
338:
337:
53:Analog modulation
16:(Redirected from
1322:
1123:
1122:
954:
953:
930:
923:
916:
907:
906:
901:
900:
880:
874:
873:
846:. pp. 1–5.
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833:
832:
826:
818:
812:
811:
791:
785:
784:
750:
744:
743:
716:. pp. 1–4.
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697:
686:
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651:
645:
644:
618:
609:
603:
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458:phase distortion
330:
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508:Radio Frequency
396:
334:
197:Spread spectrum
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1218:Collision-free
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875:
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834:
813:
802:(6): 947–955.
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771:
745:
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681:
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604:
579:
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492:
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485:IDFT: Inverse
483:
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26:
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1141:
1140:Slotted ALOHA
1138:
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1133:
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1128:
1124:
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1119:
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952:
950:
949:Channel-based
946:
942:
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931:
926:
924:
919:
917:
912:
911:
908:
898:
894:
890:
886:
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871:
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861:1-4244-0329-4
857:
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496:Pulse Shaping
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68:
65:
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54:
51:
50:
46:
42:
41:
38:
35:
32:
31:
19:
1118:Packet-based
975:
891:(4): 58–66.
888:
884:
878:
843:
837:
828:
816:
799:
795:
789:
754:
748:
709:
702:
693:
684:
662:(3): 38–45.
659:
655:
649:
627:(3): 30–38.
624:
620:
607:
596:. Retrieved
592:
583:
463:
451:
436:
428:
416:
397:
390:importance.
388:
373:
360:
356:
344:
340:
339:
302:Multiplexing
242:Demodulation
154:
247:Line coding
1226:Token Ring
598:2024-04-15
576:References
37:modulation
1231:Token bus
1208:CSMA/CARP
781:206836778
1309:Category
1236:MS-ALOHA
1041:TD-SCDMA
641:12743526
549:See also
361:LP-OFDMA
229:See also
34:Passband
1188:CSMA/CA
1155:CSMA/CD
1145:R-ALOHA
1074:HC-SDMA
1056:MC-CDMA
1051:FH-CDMA
1046:DS-CDMA
1036:TD-CDMA
1008:MF-TDMA
976:SC-FDMA
870:7457641
740:6077115
676:1168131
461:noise.
406:, or M-
347:) is a
345:SC-FDMA
1031:W-CDMA
868:
858:
779:
769:
738:
728:
674:
639:
510:signal
155:SC-FDE
1257:VANET
1252:MANET
1178:MACAW
1150:AX.25
1135:ALOHA
1013:STDMA
971:OFDMA
866:S2CID
825:(PDF)
777:S2CID
736:S2CID
714:(PDF)
672:S2CID
637:S2CID
617:(PDF)
565:OFDMA
513:ADC:
500:DAC:
479:DFT:
443:OFDMA
432:IFDMA
376:OFDMA
365:OFDMA
252:Modem
1183:CSMA
1173:MACA
1099:PAMA
1084:PDMA
1066:SDMA
1023:CDMA
1000:TDMA
988:WDMA
958:FDMA
939:and
856:ISBN
829:Ixia
767:ISBN
726:ISBN
529:Low
506:RF:
494:PS:
456:and
441:and
439:OFDM
412:OFDM
404:QPSK
400:BPSK
380:PAPR
292:OFDM
221:THSS
216:FHSS
211:DSSS
125:MFSK
110:APSK
1294:FDD
1289:TDD
1262:DTN
1203:HCF
1198:PCF
1193:DCF
983:WDM
966:FDM
893:doi
848:doi
804:doi
759:doi
718:doi
664:doi
629:doi
408:QAM
369:DFT
297:FDM
287:ΔΣM
282:PWM
277:PDM
272:PCM
267:PAM
262:PoM
257:AnM
206:CSS
188:WDM
183:QAM
165:WDM
160:TCM
150:QAM
145:PSK
140:PPM
135:OOK
130:MSK
120:FSK
115:CPM
105:ASK
87:SSB
77:QAM
1311::
889:40
887:.
864:.
854:.
827:.
800:50
798:.
775:.
765:.
734:.
724:.
692:.
670:.
660:44
658:.
635:.
623:.
619:.
591:.
402:,
82:SM
72:PM
67:FM
62:AM
929:e
922:t
915:v
899:.
895::
872:.
850::
831:.
810:.
806::
783:.
761::
742:.
720::
696:.
678:.
666::
643:.
631::
625:1
601:.
359:(
343:(
329:e
322:t
315:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
