Gorilla - Knowledge

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as blackbacks, may serve as backup protection. Blackbacks are aged between 8 and 12 years and lack the silver back hair. The bond that a silverback has with his females forms the core of gorilla social life. Bonds between them are maintained by grooming and staying close together. Females form strong relationships with males to gain mating opportunities and protection from predators and infanticidal outside males. However, aggressive behaviours between males and females do occur, but rarely lead to serious injury. Relationships between females may vary. Maternally related females in a troop tend to be friendly towards each other and associate closely. Otherwise, females have few friendly encounters and commonly act aggressively towards each other.

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2.5 sq mi), with day ranges 154–2,280 m (0.096–1.417 mi). Eastern lowland gorillas will also eat insects, preferably ants. Western lowland gorillas depend on fruits more than the others and they are more dispersed across their range. They travel even farther than the other gorilla subspecies, at 1,105 m (0.687 mi) per day on average, and have larger home ranges of 7–14 km (2.7–5.4 sq mi). Western lowland gorillas have less access to terrestrial herbs, although they can access aquatic herbs in some areas. Termites and ants are also eaten.

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Despite the chimpanzees being the closest extant relatives of humans, 15% of the human genome was found to be more like that of the gorilla. In addition, 30% of the gorilla genome "is closer to human or chimpanzee than the latter are to each other; this is rarer around coding genes, indicating pervasive selection throughout great ape evolution, and has functional consequences in gene expression." Analysis of the gorilla genome has cast doubt on the idea that the rapid evolution of hearing genes gave rise to language in humans, as it also occurred in gorillas.

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from each other. In addition, nursing decreases to once every two hours. Infants spend only half of their time with their mothers by 30 months. They enter their juvenile period at their third year, and this lasts until their sixth year. At this time, gorillas are weaned and they sleep in a separate nest from their mothers. After their offspring are weaned, females begin to ovulate and soon become pregnant again. The presence of play partners, including the silverback, minimizes conflicts in weaning between mother and offspring.

776: 82: 1003: 883: 256: 1743:(CITES), meaning that international export/import of the species, including in parts and derivatives, is regulated. Around 316,000 western lowland gorillas are thought to exist in the wild, 4,000 in zoos, thanks to conservation; eastern lowland gorillas have a population of under 5,000 in the wild and 24 in zoos. Mountain gorillas are the most severely endangered, with an estimated population of about 880 left in the wild and none in zoos. Threats to gorilla survival include 10077: 1713: 6952: 6509: 1410: 10799: 1638: 8281: 1821: 452:. Members of the expedition encountered "savage people, the greater part of whom were women, whose bodies were hairy, and whom our interpreters called Gorillae". It is unknown whether what the explorers encountered were what we now call gorillas, another species of ape or monkeys, or humans. Skins of gorillai women, brought back by Hanno, are reputed to have been kept at Carthage until Rome destroyed the city 350 years later at the end of the 10825: 1294: 1181: 9237: 1169: 969: 869: 1612: 1208: 1859:'s knowledge of gorilla behaviour and ecology, and their gorilla stories. In one such story, "The Gorilla and the Child", a gorilla speaks to people, seeking help and trust, and stealing a baby; a man accidentally kills the baby while attacking the gorilla. Even far from where gorillas live, savannah tribes pursue "cult-like worship" of the apes. Some beliefs are widespread among indigenous peoples. The 1155:(1,969–10,853 ft) in elevation. Western gorillas live in both lowland swamp forests and montane forests, at elevations ranging from sea level to 1,600 m (5,200 ft). Western lowland gorillas live in swamp and lowland forests ranging up to 1,600 m (5,200 ft), and Cross River gorillas live in low-lying and submontane forests ranging from 150–1,600 m (490–5,250 ft). 1274: 356:, reaching heights between 1.25 and 1.8 metres, weights between 100 and 270 kg, and arm spans up to 2.6 metres, depending on species and sex. They tend to live in troops, with the leader being called a silverback. The eastern gorilla is distinguished from the western by darker fur colour and some other minor morphological differences. Gorillas tend to live 35–40 years in the wild. 1429:, gorillas can laugh, grieve, have "rich emotional lives", develop strong family bonds, make and use tools, and think about the past and future. Some researchers believe gorillas have spiritual feelings or religious sentiments. They have been shown to have cultures in different areas revolving around different methods of food preparation, and will show individual 1282:

hair on his back, which comes with maturity. Silverbacks have large canine teeth that also come with maturity. Both males and females tend to emigrate from their natal groups. For mountain gorillas, females disperse from their natal troops more than males. Mountain gorillas and western lowland gorillas also commonly transfer to second new groups.

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neither individuals nor groups have to compete with one another. Their home ranges vary from 3 to 15 km (1.2 to 5.8 sq mi), and their movements range around 500 m (0.31 mi) or less on an average day. Despite eating a few species in each habitat, mountain gorillas have flexible diets and can live in a variety of habitats.

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is a dunnish colour. . . Hee goeth alwaies vpon his legs, and carrieth his hands clasped on the nape of his necke, when he goeth upon the ground... They goe many together, and kill many Negroes that trauaile in the Woods . . . Those Pongos are neuer taken aliue, because they are so strong, that ten men cannot hold one of them...

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auditory enrichment (which allows for crowd noise, machinery, etc. to be heard) has been noted to reduce stress behavior as well. Enrichment modifications to feed and foraging, where clover-hay is added to an exhibit floor, decrease stereotypic activities while simultaneously increasing positive food-related behaviors.

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more slender and agile than the more bulky mountain gorillas. The eastern gorilla also has a longer face and broader chest than the western gorilla. Like humans, gorillas have individual fingerprints. Their eye colour is dark brown, framed by a black ring around the iris. Gorilla facial structure is described as

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through play, grooming, and staying together, and occasionally they even engage in homosexual interactions. Severe aggression is rare in stable groups, but when two mountain gorilla groups meet the two silverbacks can sometimes engage in a fight to the death, using their canines to cause deep, gaping injuries.

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is the first legally binding instrument exclusively targeting gorilla conservation; it came into effect on 1 June 2008. Governments of countries where gorillas live placed a ban on their killing and trading, but weak law enforcement still poses a threat to them, since the governments rarely apprehend

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The use of both internal and external privacy screens on exhibit windows has been shown to alleviate stresses from visual effects of high crowd densities, leading to decreased stereotypic behaviors in the gorillas. Playing naturalistic auditory stimuli as opposed to classical music, rock music, or no

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charge display is unique to gorillas. The entire sequence has nine steps: (1) progressively quickening hooting, (2) symbolic feeding, (3) rising bipedally, (4) throwing vegetation, (5) chest-beating with cupped hands, (6) one leg kick, (7) sideways running, two-legged to four-legged, (8) slapping and

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are recognised, many of which are used primarily for group communication within dense vegetation. Sounds classified as grunts and barks are heard most frequently while traveling, and indicate the whereabouts of individual group members. They may also be used during social interactions when discipline

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Females will purse their lips and slowly approach a male while making eye contact. This serves to urge the male to mount her. If the male does not respond, then she will try to attract his attention by reaching towards him or slapping the ground. In multiple-male groups, solicitation indicates female

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A gorilla's day is divided between rest periods and travel or feeding periods. Diets differ between and within species. Mountain gorillas mostly eat foliage, such as leaves, stems, pith, and shoots, while fruit makes up a very small part of their diets. Mountain gorilla food is widely distributed and

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The eastern gorilla is more darkly coloured than the western gorilla, with the mountain gorilla being the darkest of all. The mountain gorilla also has the thickest hair. The western lowland gorilla can be brown or greyish with a reddish forehead. In addition, gorillas that live in lowland forest are

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Until recently, gorillas were considered to be a single species, with three subspecies: the western lowland gorilla, the eastern lowland gorilla and the mountain gorilla. There is now agreement that there are two species, each with two subspecies. More recently, a third subspecies has been claimed to

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Infants begin to break contact with their mothers after five months, but only for a brief period each time. By 12 months old, infants move up to five m (16 ft) from their mothers. At around 18–21 months, the distance between mother and offspring increases and they regularly spend time away

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Mature males also tend to leave their groups and establish their own troops by attracting emigrating females. However, male mountain gorillas sometimes stay in their natal troops and become subordinate to the silverback. If the silverback dies, these males may be able to become dominant or mate with

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Wild male gorillas weigh 136 to 227 kg (300 to 500 lb), while adult females weigh 68–113 kg (150–250 lb). Adult males are 1.4 to 1.8 m (4 ft 7 in to 5 ft 11 in) tall, with an arm span that stretches from 2.3 to 2.6 m (7 ft 7 in to 8 ft

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The gorilla became the next-to-last great ape genus to have its genome sequenced. The first gorilla genome was generated with short read and Sanger sequencing using DNA from a female western lowland gorilla named Kamilah. This gave scientists further insight into the evolution and origin of humans.

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was discovered using rocks to smash open palm nuts inside a game sanctuary. While this was the first such observation for a gorilla, over 40 years previously, chimpanzees had been seen using tools in the wild 'fishing' for termites. Nonhuman great apes are endowed with semiprecision grips, and have

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Gorilla infants are vulnerable and dependent, thus mothers, their primary caregivers, are important to their survival. Male gorillas are not active in caring for the young, but they do play a role in socialising them to other youngsters. The silverback has a largely supportive relationship with the

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The silverback is the centre of the troop's attention, making all the decisions, mediating conflicts, determining the movements of the group, leading the others to feeding sites, and taking responsibility for the safety and well-being of the troop. Younger males subordinate to the silverback, known

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Eastern lowland gorillas have more diverse diets, which vary seasonally. Leaves and pith are commonly eaten, but fruits can make up as much as 25% of their diets. Since fruit is less available, lowland gorillas must travel farther each day, and their home ranges vary from 2.7 to 6.5 km (1.0 to

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This Pongo is in all proportion like a man, but... he is more like a Giant in stature, than a man: for he is very tall, hath a man's face, hollow-eyed, with long haire vpon his browes. His face and eares are without haire, and his hands also. His bodie is full of haire, but not very thicke, and it

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self-injurious or conspecific aggression, pacing, rocking, sucking of fingers or lip smacking, and overgrooming. Negative vigilance of visitor behaviors have been identified as starting, posturing and charging at visitors. Groups of bachelor gorillas containing young silverbacks have significantly

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Females may fight for social access to males and a male may intervene. Male gorillas have weak social bonds, particularly in multiple-male groups with apparent dominance hierarchies and strong competition for mates. Males in all-male groups, though, tend to have friendly interactions and socialise

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Gorillas live in groups called troops. Troops tend to be made of one adult male or silverback, with a harem of multiple adult females and their offspring. However, multiple-male troops also exist. A silverback is typically more than 12 years of age, and is named for the distinctive patch of silver

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in areas where they overlap. When fruit is abundant, gorilla and chimpanzee diets converge, but when fruit is scarce gorillas resort to vegetation. The two apes may also feed on different species, whether fruit or insects. Gorillas and chimpanzees may ignore or avoid each other when feeding on the

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for daytime and night use. Nests tend to be simple aggregations of branches and leaves about 2 to 5 ft (0.61 to 1.52 m) in diameter and are constructed by individuals. Gorillas, unlike chimpanzees or orangutans, tend to sleep in nests on the ground. The young nest with their mothers, but

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Females mature at 10–12 years (earlier in captivity), and males at 11–13 years. A female's first ovulatory cycle occurs when she is six years of age, and is followed by a two-year period of adolescent infertility. The estrous cycle lasts 30–33 days, with outward ovulation signs subtle compared to

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Recent research on captive gorilla welfare emphasizes a need to shift to individual assessments instead of a one-size-fits-all group approach to understanding how welfare increases or decreases based on a variety of factors. Individual characteristics such as age, sex, personality and individual

6180: 1616: 1244:. Gorilla remains have been found in leopard scat, but this may be the result of scavenging. When the group is attacked by humans, leopards, or other gorillas, an individual silverback will protect the group, even at the cost of his own life. Gorillas do not appear to directly compete with 1614: 1619: 1618: 1613: 1154:

Mountain gorillas live in montane forests at the higher end of the elevation range, while eastern lowland gorillas live in submontane forests at the lower end. In addition, eastern lowland gorillas live in montane bamboo forests, as well as lowland forests ranging from 600–3,308 m

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Some variations that distinguish the classifications of gorilla include varying density, size, hair colour, length, culture, and facial widths. Population genetics of the lowland gorillas suggest that the western and eastern lowland populations diverged around 261 thousand years ago.

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infants in his troop and shields them from aggression within the group. Infants remain in contact with their mothers for the first five months and mothers stay near the silverback for protection. Infants suckle at least once per hour and sleep with their mothers in the same nest.

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the females. This behaviour has not been observed in eastern lowland gorillas. In a single male group, when the silverback dies, the females and their offspring disperse and find a new troop. Without a silverback to protect them, the infants will likely fall victim to

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Gorillas make a new nest to sleep on each day; even if remaining in the same place, they do not use the previous one. Usually, they are made an hour before dusk, to be ready to sleep when night falls. Gorillas sleep longer than humans, an average of 12 hours per day.

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construct nests after three years of age, initially close to those of their mothers. Gorilla nests are distributed arbitrarily and use of tree species for site and construction appears to be opportunistic. Nest-building by great apes is now considered to be not just

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genera, chimpanzees and humans, all of them having diverged from a common ancestor about 7 million years ago. Human gene sequences differ only 1.6% on average from the sequences of corresponding gorilla genes, but there is further difference in how many

1617: 1147:. The western gorilla lives in west central Africa, while the eastern gorilla lives in east central Africa. Between the species, and even within the species, gorillas live in a variety of habitats and elevations. Gorilla habitat ranges from 1875:

means fire, denoting a positive energy. From the Central African Republic to Cameroon and Gabon, stories of reincarnations as gorillas, totems, and transformations similar to those recorded by Du Chaillu are still told in the 21st century.

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those of chimpanzees. The gestation period lasts 8.5 months. Female mountain gorillas first give birth at 10 years of age and have four-year interbirth intervals. Males can be fertile before reaching adulthood. Gorillas mate year round.

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signal alarm or warning, and are produced most often by silverbacks. Deep, rumbling belches suggest contentment and are heard frequently during feeding and resting periods. They are the most common form of intragroup communication.

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preference, but females can be forced to mate with multiple males. Males incite copulation by approaching a female and displaying at her or touching her and giving a "train grunt". Recently, gorillas have been observed engaging in

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concluded more than 5,000 gorillas may have died in recent outbreaks of the Ebola virus in central Africa. The researchers indicated in conjunction with commercial hunting of these apes, the virus creates "a recipe for rapid

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conducted a much longer and more comprehensive study of the mountain gorilla. When she published her work, many misconceptions and myths about gorillas were finally disproved, including the myth that gorillas are violent.

414:. There are many threats to their survival, such as poaching, habitat destruction, and disease, which threaten the survival of the species. However, conservation efforts have been successful in some areas where they live. 3417:

Sarmiento, E. E. (2003). "Distribution, taxonomy, genetics, ecology, and causal links of gorilla survival: the need to develop practical knowledge for gorilla conservation". In Taylor, A. B.; Goldsmith, M. L. (eds.).

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was recorded using a stick as if to gauge the depth of water whilst crossing a swamp. A second female was seen using a tree stump as a bridge and also as a support whilst fishing in the swamp. This means all of the

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Gorillas rarely drink water "because they consume succulent vegetation that is comprised of almost half water as well as morning dew", although both mountain and lowland gorillas have been observed drinking.

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A gorilla's chest-beat may vary in frequency depending on its size. Smaller ones tend to have higher frequencies, while larger ones tend to be lower. They also do it the most when females are ready to mate.

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was one of the first researchers to go into the field and study primates. In 1959, he conducted a systematic study of the mountain gorilla in the wild and published his work. Years later, at the behest of

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For this reason, conflicts are most often resolved by displays and other threat behaviours that are intended to intimidate without becoming physical. As a result, fights do not occur very frequently. The

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Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa: with Accounts of theManners and Customs of the People, and of the Chace of the Gorilla, the Crocodile, Leopard, Elephant, Hippopotamus and Other Animals

1840:; a gorilla's death means the connected person will die also. This creates a local conservation ethic. Many different indigenous peoples interact with wild gorillas. Some have detailed knowledge; the 1249:

same tree, but they have also been documented to form social bonds. Conversely, coalitions of chimpanzees have been observed attacking families of gorillas including silverbacks and killing infants.

2414:"Unresolved molecular phylogenies of gibbons and siamangs (Family: Hylobatidae) based on mitochondrial, Y-linked, and X-linked loci indicate a rapid Miocene radiation or sudden vicariance event" 2369:

Goidts, V.; Armengol, L.; Schempp, W.; et al. (March 2006). "Identification of large-scale human-specific copy number differences by inter-species array comparative genomic hybridization".

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Since gaining international attention, gorillas have been a recurring element of many aspects of popular culture and media. They were usually portrayed as murderous and aggressive. Inspired by

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Ilambu, O. (2001). "Ecology of eastern lowland gorilla: is there enough scientific knowledge to mitigate conservation threats associated with extreme disturbances in its distribution range?".

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have words to distinguish at least ten types of gorilla individuals, by sex, age, and relationships. In 1861, alongside tales of hunting enormous gorillas, the traveller and anthropologist

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since the 19th century, though the earliest attempts to keep them in captive facilities ended in their early death. In the late 1920s, the care of captive gorillas significantly improved.

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Stoinski, T.; Jaicks, H.; Drayton, L. (2011). "Visitor effects on the behavior of captive western lowland gorillas: the importance of individual differences in examining welfare".

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trade. Gorillas are closely related to humans, and are susceptible to diseases that humans also get infected by. In 2004, a population of several hundred gorillas in the

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Tutin, C. E. G.; Fernandez, M. (1993). "Composition of the diet of chimpanzees and comparisons with that of sympatric lowland gorillas in the Lopé reserve, Gabon".

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was the first westerner to see a live gorilla during his travel through western equatorial Africa from 1856 to 1859. He brought dead specimens to the UK in 1861.

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Yamagiwa, J.; Kahekwa, J.; Kanyunyi Basabose, A. (2003). "Intra-specific variation in social organization of gorillas: implications for their social evolution".

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continue to explore the relationships between various gorilla populations. The species and subspecies listed here are the ones upon which most scientists agree.

3207: 11115: 383:, ranging in altitude from 2,200 to 4,300 metres (7,200 to 14,100 ft). Lowland gorillas live in dense forests and lowland swamps and marshes as low as 9583: 9525: 9463: 3523:

Tutin, C. G. (1996). "Ranging and social structure of lowland gorillas in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon". In McGrew, W. C.; Marchant, L. F.; Nishida, T. (eds.).

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Stanford, C. B.; Nkurunungi, J. B. (2003). "Behavioral ecology of sympatric chimpanzees and gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda: diet".

1546:. She later became an advocate for the conservation of gorillas, and wrote several more books (mainly for children). In the late 1920s and early 1930s, 10303: 9997: 9490: 9456: 9392: 8881: 8619: 8496: 8444: 4530:

Harcourt, A. H.; Stewart, K. J.; Hauser, M. (1993). "Functions of wild gorilla 'close' calls. I. Repertoire, context, and interspecific comparison".

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and his wife Ava helped further the study of gorillas when they sent Harold Bigham to Africa. Yerkes also wrote a book in 1929 about the great apes.

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is the oldest gorilla ever; oldest female gorilla ever; oldest living gorilla and oldest living female gorilla. The oldest male gorilla ever was

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Leeds, A.; Boyer, D.; Ross, S; Lukas, K. (2015). "The effects of group type and young silverbacks on wounding rates in western lowland gorilla (

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to swampland. Eastern gorillas inhabit montane and submontane forests between 650 and 4,000 m (2,130 and 13,120 ft) above sea level.

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have yielded varying results, with some arguing for no preference for either hand, and others right-hand dominance for the general population.

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Deblauwe, I. (2007). "New insights in insect prey choice by chimpanzees and gorillas in Southeast Cameroon: The role of nutritional value".

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Yamagiwa, J.; Mwanza, N.; Yumoto, T.; Maruhashi, T. (1994). "Seasonal change in the composition of the diet of eastern lowland gorillas".

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by the IUCN; all subspecies are classified as Critically Endangered with the exception of the mountain gorilla, which is classified as

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6 in). Female gorillas are shorter at 1.25 to 1.5 m (4 ft 1 in to 4 ft 11 in), with smaller arm spans.

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Dispersal patterns, group structure, and reproductive parameters of eastern lowland gorillas at Kahuzi in the absence of infanticide

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Stokes, E. J.; Parnell, R. J.; Olejniczak, C. (2003). "Female dispersal and reproductive success in wild western lowland gorillas (

3181: 1123:, who reached to the final age of 61 years, 24 days. The oldest living male gorilla is Guhonda, aged 53 years, 265 days. 6108: 10992: 6240: 2207: 5115: 4865: 406:

There are thought to be around 316,000 western gorillas in the wild, and 5,000 eastern gorillas. Both species are classified as

6988: 6886: 6092: 479: 11010: 6896: 6066: 3302: 3136: 10997: 6151:– The Official Website for Virunga National Park, the Last Refuge for Congo's Mountain Gorillas (archived 22 September 2010) 5600: 5073:

Takebe, Y.; Uenishi, R.; Li, X. (2008). "Global molecular epidemiology of HIV: Understanding the genesis of AIDS pandemic".

2037:– a captive gorilla, shot while interacting with a child who fell into his zoo enclosure, who became a popular internet meme 11105: 7576: 4892: 3571: 2462: 1786: 1538:, a mystery writer, her husband, and their young daughter Alice, who would later write science fiction under the pseudonym 4981:

Plantier, J.; Leoz, M.; Dickerson, J. E.; et al. (2009). "A new human immunodeficiency virus derived from gorillas".

4807: 3389: 5661: 6818: 6162: 6083: 5942: 5801: 5090: 3924: 3621: 3579: 3076: 3042: 2923: 2568: 2525: 1531: 367:. Although their range covers a small percentage of Sub-Saharan Africa, gorillas cover a wide range of elevations. The 4255:

Watts, D. P. (2003). "Gorilla social relationships: a comparative review". In Taylor, A. B.; Goldsmith, M. L. (eds.).

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traveled to Africa to hunt for an animal to be shot and stuffed. On his first trip, he was accompanied by his friends

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Watts, D. P. (1996). "Comparative socio-ecology of gorillas". In McGrew, W. C.; Marchant, L. F.; Nishida, T. (eds.).

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exist in one of the species. The separate species and subspecies developed from a single type of gorilla during the

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A century and a half after Battel's story was published, one writer claimed that "the large species, described by

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Yamagiwa, Juichi (1987). "Intra- and inter-group interactions of an all-male group of Virunga mountain gorillas (

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been able to use both simple tools and even weapons, such as improvising a club from a convenient fallen branch.

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A gorilla's lifespan is normally between 35 and 40 years, although zoo gorillas may live for 50 years or more in

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Wells, D. L. (2005). "A note on the influence of visitors on the behaviour and welfare of zoo-housed gorillas".

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Watts, D. P. (1989). "Infanticide in mountain gorillas: new cases and a reconsideration of the evidence".

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Thompson, N. E.; Ostrofsky, K. R.; McFarlin, S. C.; Robbins, M. M.; Stoinski, T. S.; Almécija, S. (2018).

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Leigh, S. R.; Shea, B. T. (1995). "Ontogeny and the evolution of adult body size dimorphism in apes".

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histories are essential in understanding that stressors will affect each individual gorilla and their

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in May 1938. The heaviest gorilla recorded was a 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) silverback shot in

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Clark, F.; Fitzpatrick, M.; Hartley, A.; King, A.; Lee, T.; Routh, A.; Walker, S; George, K (2011).

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Sharp, P. M.; Bailes, E.; Chaudhuri, R. R.; Rodenburg, C. M.; Santiago, M. O.; Hahn, B. H. (2001).

4716: 2760: 31: 6763: 6218: 5735:"Who Knows What About Gorillas? Indigenous Knowledge, Global Justice, and Human-Gorilla Relations" 4761: 3542: 1442: 423: 338:, from 95 to 99% depending on what is included, and they are the next closest living relatives to 11110: 10798: 9834: 9652: 9059: 7010: 6859: 6838: 6158: 2560: 2554: 2045: 2019: 1580: 1360: 1287: 925: 817: 392: 388: 3649: 1848:

reported the Cameroonian story that a pregnant woman who sees a gorilla will give birth to one.

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Fagot, J.; Vauclair, J. (1988). "Handedness and bimanual coordination in the lowland gorilla".

2790: 2695: 2509: 2050: 1664: 1105: 1063: 510: 10984: 4792: 3676: 3611: 509:, using the then-current name of the chimpanzee genus. The species name was derived from 11057: 9899: 7350: 7117: 6974: 6058: 3726: 3565: 3303:"Blood groups in the Species Survival Plan, European Endangered Species Program, and managed 1994: 1895: 1778:". In captivity, it has also been observed that gorillas can also be infected with COVID-19. 1775: 1732: 1535: 1314: 1097: 957: 857: 407: 11049: 5146: 2913: 1451:

in September 2005. Gorillas are now known to use tools in the wild. A female gorilla in the

1413:

A female gorilla exhibiting tool use by using a tree trunk as a support whilst fishing herbs

1131: 10927: 10888: 9133: 7237: 7097: 6808: 6743: 6703: 5999:

Diet and habitat use of two mountain gorilla groups in contrasting habitats in the Virungas

5158: 4937: 4589: 4226: 4018: 3953: 3688: 3101: 2785: 2690: 2428: 1988: 1982: 1887:, gorillas have been depicted kidnapping human women. This theme was used in films such as 1756: 1367: 8280: 8: 10576: 9957: 9236: 9154: 9099: 7562: 7425: 7405: 7320: 7305: 7262: 7252: 7247: 7217: 7152: 7082: 6798: 6788: 6205: 6188: 5698: 2681: 2238: 1929: 1744: 1328: 1221: 915: 722: 483: 433: 217: 6118: 5630: 5162: 4941: 4593: 4230: 4022: 3957: 3692: 3185: 3105: 2818:"Inference of gorilla demographic and selective history from whole-genome sequence data" 2776: 2432: 1880: 11090: 10219: 9409: 9349: 9029: 8945: 8191: 7538: 7483: 7280: 7242: 7132: 7107: 7077: 6718: 6676: 6656: 6538: 6351: 6333: 6101: 5754: 5734: 5582: 5229: 5187: 5050: 5025: 5006: 4963: 4897: 4840: 4693: 4666: 4612: 4573: 4392: 4303: 4238: 4181: 4173: 4112: 4039: 3998: 3974: 3941: 3862: 3811: 3776: 3502: 3442: 3350: 3152: 3031: 3011: 2894: 2842: 2817: 2550: 2449: 2394: 2283: 2178: 2122: 2114: 1901: 1824:

Drawing of a gorilla who has killed a hunter and destroyed his shotgun, as narrated by

1430: 1404: 1148: 1104:. Due to novel sequences, though, it is different enough to not conform with the human 1038: 364: 268: 76: 6728: 5514:"Fin whale, mountain gorilla recovering thanks to conservation action – IUCN Red List" 5263: 5082: 4869: 2642: 2218: 1139:

Gorillas have a patchy distribution. The range of the two species is separated by the

11085: 11044: 10914: 10879: 9798: 9774: 9447: 8759: 7543: 7533: 7518: 7508: 7503: 7493: 7468: 7420: 7385: 7257: 7232: 7202: 7182: 7167: 7142: 7112: 7087: 6823: 6666: 6562: 6342: 6168: 6062: 5965: 5948: 5938: 5797: 5758: 5561: 5462: 5427: 5387: 5348: 5192: 5096: 5086: 5055: 4998: 4955: 4844: 4698: 4617: 4497: 4384: 4329: 4104: 4044: 3979: 3920: 3897: 3854: 3829:

Tutin, C. E. G.; Fernandez, M. (1992). "Insect-eating by sympatric lowland gorillas (

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Robbins, L.; Margulis, S. (2014). "The effects of auditory enrichment on gorillas".

5233: 5010: 4967: 4396: 4307: 4185: 4116: 3866: 3815: 3780: 3506: 3015: 2898: 2398: 1417:

Gorillas are considered highly intelligent. A few individuals in captivity, such as

10919: 10706: 10350: 10243: 9926: 9709: 9645: 9615: 9552: 8639: 8555: 8400: 7415: 7365: 7300: 7127: 7122: 6922: 6692: 5746: 5662:"Thirteen gorillas test positive for Covid at Atlanta zoo | Atlanta | The Guardian" 5454: 5419: 5379: 5340: 5302: 5298: 5219: 5182: 5174: 5166: 5078: 5045: 5037: 4990: 4945: 4830: 4822: 4688: 4678: 4607: 4597: 4539: 4487: 4376: 4295: 4234: 4165: 4096: 4034: 4026: 3969: 3961: 3889: 3846: 3803: 3760: 3696: 3494: 3345: 3337: 3275: 3238: 3148: 3109: 2995: 2960: 2882: 2878: 2837: 2829: 2755: 2660: 2444: 2436: 2378: 2341: 2275: 2170: 2106: 1919: 1481: 895: 807: 534: 490: 441: 368: 245: 223: 5324: 3363: 3301:

Gamble, K. C.; Moyse, J. A.; Lovstad, J. N.; Ober, C. B.; Thompson, E. E. (2011).

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Aryan, H. E. (2006). "Lumbar diskectomy in a human-habituated mountain gorilla (

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Communication describing the external character and habits of a new species of

4602: 4030: 3965: 3677:"Leopard attack on and consumption of gorillas in the Central African Republic" 2158: 1701: 1653: 1489: 1418: 1075: 726: 494: 7187: 5224: 4169: 4100: 3807: 3033:

Apes of the world: their social behavior, communication, mentality and ecology

2412:

Israfil, H.; Zehr, S. M.; Mootnick, A. R.; Ruvolo, M.; Steiper, M. E. (2011).

2382: 1692:

higher levels of aggression and wounding rates than mixed age and sex groups.

11079: 10734: 10569: 10560: 10289: 10259: 10209: 10179: 10021: 9987: 9919: 9841: 9791: 9750: 9729: 9328: 9288: 9009: 8972: 8928: 8921: 8871: 8847: 8467: 8390: 8157: 7380: 7207: 6955: 6531: 6512: 5952: 5604: 5570: 5026:"The origins of acquired immune deficiency syndrome viruses: where and when?" 3092:

Smith, R. J.; Jungers, W. L. (1997). "Body mass in comparative primatology".

2943:

Wood, B. A. (1978). "Relationship between body size and long bone lengths in

2746: 2651: 2597:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 181–182. 2588: 2513: 2325: 1955: 1860: 1736: 1547: 1422: 1002: 787: 460: 5990:

Development of infant independence from the mother in wild mountain gorillas

4543: 2964: 2833: 2612: 2346: 2329: 1484:

obtained the first specimens (the skull and other bones) during his time in

10864: 10766: 10695: 10606: 10583: 10531: 10514: 10484: 10326: 10274: 10128: 9909: 9862: 9767: 9702: 9692: 9682: 9592: 9474: 9436: 9321: 9168: 9161: 9069: 8807: 8793: 8726: 8605: 8375: 8333: 8131: 7670: 7212: 6773: 6758: 6733: 6193: 5666: 5535: 5466: 5431: 5391: 5352: 5196: 5100: 5059: 5041: 5002: 4959: 4702: 4621: 4388: 4380: 4108: 4048: 3983: 3901: 3858: 3850: 3772: 3764: 3700: 3359: 3252: 3113: 3007: 2999: 2890: 2851: 2584: 2458: 2390: 2355: 2203: 2024: 1852: 1563: 1554: 1447:

The following observations were made by a team led by Thomas Breuer of the

1385:

tearing vegetation, and (9) thumping the ground with palms to end display.

1101: 1012: 775: 449: 376: 255: 209: 5981:

Assessment of reproduction and stress through hormone analysis in gorillas

5484:"Four out of six great apes one step away from extinction – IUCN Red List" 4501: 4492: 4471: 4426: 4367:

Watts, D. P. (1991). "Mountain gorilla reproduction and sexual behavior".

3287: 3121: 2144: 10966: 10873: 10672: 9855: 9736: 9719: 9483: 9089: 8999: 8864: 8827: 8747: 8686: 8407: 7860: 7172: 7147: 6966: 6768: 6723: 6592: 6427: 6008:

Variation in the social system of mountain gorillas: the male perspective

4574:"Chest beats as an honest signal of body size in male mountain gorillas ( 3227:"Unexpected terrestrial hand posture diversity in wild mountain gorillas" 2972: 2484: 2000: 1970: 1968:. More positive and sympathetic portrayals of gorillas include the films 1856: 1764: 1712: 1573: 1527: 1140: 986:, is the Bwindi population of the mountain gorilla, sometimes called the 882: 725:, when their forest habitats shrank and became isolated from each other. 664: 343: 294: 5170: 4177: 10958: 10148: 9940: 9267: 9254: 9204: 9140: 9079: 8982: 8965: 8857: 8800: 8773: 8736: 8706: 8696: 8421: 8147: 8029: 7733: 7678: 7630: 7585: 7162: 7064: 7054: 6917: 6608: 6448: 6289: 5178: 4299: 3893: 3498: 3243: 3226: 2279: 2118: 2055: 1728: 1680: 1409: 1245: 1090: 1032: 453: 411: 327: 143: 5750: 5516:. International Union for the Conservation of Nature. 14 November 2018 5458: 5423: 5383: 5344: 5030:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

4866:"A history of Museum Victoria: Melbourne 1865: Gorillas at the museum" 4835: 4781:, a new species of orang from the Gaboon River, osteology of the same" 3341: 3279: 2330:"Estimation of divergence times for major lineages of primate species" 1096:

Studies have shown gorilla blood is not reactive to anti-A and anti-B

10971: 10940: 10617: 10547: 10521: 10390: 10340: 9977: 9967: 9890: 9743: 9633: 9532: 9298: 9052: 8955: 8169: 7931: 7647: 7513: 7460: 7450: 7290: 7227: 6907: 6650: 6369: 6318: 6299: 6250: 5810: 4760:. Boston Society of Natural History. pp. 245–247. Archived from 3675:

Fay, J. M.; Carroll, R.; Kerbis Peterhans, J. C.; Harris, D. (1995).

1951: 1942:

Gorillas have been used as opponents to jungle-themed heroes such as

1820: 1642: 1461: 1426: 1144: 1031:, which weighed 267 kg (589 lb). Males in captivity can be 587: 529: 384: 298: 183: 173: 163: 93: 38: 10835: 4994: 4950: 4925: 4347: 4345: 4197: 4195: 3437:. Brookfield, IL, USA: Chicago Zoological Society. pp. 307–312. 2110: 1293: 1180: 10945: 10858: 10824: 10683: 10659: 10452: 10411: 10357: 10296: 9869: 9019: 8912: 8612: 8537: 8437: 8022: 7662: 7603: 6876: 6417: 6308: 6271: 6248: 4826: 2174: 2014: 1833: 1752: 1748: 1592: 1588: 1526:

The first systematic study was not conducted until the 1920s, when

1225: 1067: 1028: 983: 482:

and other authors as of the size of a man, is held by many to be a

113: 5147:"Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence" 1806:

poachers, traders and consumers that rely on gorillas for profit.

1637: 1168: 10744: 10364: 10004: 9933: 9185: 9178: 9040: 8935: 8717: 8598: 8544: 8364: 8225: 8182: 7615: 7488: 7473: 7330: 6871: 6854: 6283: 6175: 4342: 4192: 3390:"Ozzie, the world's oldest male gorilla, has died at Zoo Atlanta" 2594:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

2034: 1504:. Other species of gorilla were described in the next few years. 1485: 1241: 1071: 502: 463:

mentioned the existence of the animal, under the named of pongo:

353: 302: 133: 5145:

Scally, A.; Dutheil, J. Y.; Hillier, L. W.; et al. (2012).

4980: 4926:"Human immunodeficiency viruses: SIV infection in wild gorillas" 4086: 3674: 3224: 1359:"Gorilla communication" redirects here. Not to be confused with 1262:"Blackback" and "Silverback" redirect here. For other uses, see 10314: 10138: 9947: 9848: 9569: 8766: 8482: 8312: 8299: 8251: 7609: 7597: 7355: 7222: 7177: 7102: 7036: 6688: 6598: 6439: 6277: 6265: 5870: 4664: 3468: 3466: 3464: 1943: 1889: 1790: 1381: 1332: 1207: 564: 445: 400: 153: 123: 103: 10932: 4513: 4511: 4259:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 302–327. 3422:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 432–471. 1998:. Gorillas have been featured in video games as well, notably 7641: 7554: 7395: 7340: 7285: 7044: 6937: 6927: 6579: 6478: 5897: 5023: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4440: 3484: 2816:

McManus, K. F.; Kelley, J. L.; Song, S.; et al. (2015).

1837: 1625: 1273: 1024: 640: 339: 310: 5909: 5858: 5846: 5834: 5822: 4073:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 16–28. 3527:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 58–70. 3461: 2217:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15–34. Archived from 1795:

Agreement on the Conservation of Gorillas and Their Habitats

1467:

In September 2005, a two-and-a-half-year-old gorilla in the

10724: 9757: 6932: 6573: 6463: 6213: 6200: 6127:– conservation, facts and photos (archived 16 October 2004) 5487: 5322: 4508: 4408: 4406: 4130: 4128: 4126: 2368: 2080:. pp. 1.1–14: text and trans. Ed. J. Blomqvist (1979). 1599:

that infects them is similar to a certain strain of HIV-1.

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Van Heuverswyn, F.; Li, Y.; Neel, C.; et al. (2006).

4923: 4437: 10107: 10094: 10044: 6998: 6554: 6026:

Social relationships of immature gorillas and silverbacks

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Breuer, T.; Ndoundou-Hockemba, M.; Fishlock, V. (2005).

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Plumptre, A.; Robbins, M. M.; Williamson, E. A. (2019).

2518:

Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 3. Primates

2508: 1836:

highlands, folk stories connect people and gorillas via

6523: 5882: 4151: 2504: 2502: 1741:

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

5560:

Maisels, F.; Bergl, R. A.; Williamson, E. A. (2016) .

5559: 4472:"Suckling and lactational anoestrus in wild gorillas ( 3605: 3603: 3300: 3210:. Smithsonian National Zoological Park. Archived from 2736:

Maisels, F.; Bergl, R. A.; Williamson, E. A. (2018) .

2735: 2141:"A carthaginian exploration of the West African coast" 1962:. Gorillas also serve as antagonists in the 1968 film 1727:

All species (and subspecies) of gorilla are listed as

10813: 5409: 5264:"Colo, the oldest gorilla in captivity, dies aged 60" 4529: 2731: 2729: 2636: 2634: 2483:. Fathom / Cambridge University Press. Archived from 2478: 520: 'tribe of hairy women', as described by Hanno. 10762: 10751: 10740: 10730: 10712: 10702: 10691: 10643: 10625: 10557: 10527: 10510: 10500: 10490: 10480: 10470: 10460: 10437: 10427: 10417: 10407: 10370: 10346: 10322: 10240: 10225: 10215: 10205: 10195: 10185: 10175: 10164: 10154: 10144: 10134: 10124: 10010: 9993: 9983: 9973: 9963: 9953: 9915: 9905: 9875: 9780: 9763: 9725: 9715: 9698: 9688: 9678: 9668: 9658: 9641: 9580: 9565: 9405: 9376: 9346: 9309: 9294: 9284: 9174: 9095: 9085: 9075: 9065: 9048: 9025: 9015: 9005: 8995: 8978: 8961: 8951: 8941: 8897: 8887: 8877: 8853: 8843: 8833: 8823: 8813: 8789: 8779: 8755: 8732: 8702: 8692: 8682: 8672: 8662: 8652: 8521: 8455: 8418: 8387: 8371: 8360: 8350: 8340: 8329: 8231: 8214: 8204: 8164: 8153: 8143: 7643: 5960:

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The closest relatives of gorillas are the other two

6086:– includes photos, artwork, and skull specimens of 5365: 5116:"Gorilla genome sheds new light on human evolution" 3942:"Interspecific interactions between sympatric apes" 3600: 1035:and reach weights up to 310 kg (683 lb). 6133:– Gorilla conservation (archived 29 November 2010) 3793: 3030: 2979: 2809: 2726: 2631: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 4777:"Notice of the external characters and habits of 3412: 3410: 2768: 2673: 1624:Several western lowland gorillas in captivity in 11077: 6316: 6035:Social relationships of female mountain gorillas 4667:"First observation of tool use in wild gorillas" 4257:Gorilla biology: a multidisciplinary perspective 4082: 4080: 3997:Southern, L. M.; Deschner, T.; Pika, S. (2021). 3616:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 226–227. 3563: 3420:Gorilla biology: a multidisciplinary perspective 2714: 2619: 2215:Gorilla biology: A multidisciplinary perspective 850:, as well as bark, wood, flowers, fruit, fungi, 6041: 5553: 5444: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5072: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4427:"Caught in the act! Gorillas mate face to face" 4201: 3609: 2666:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T39994A115576640.en 2534: 2075: 1739:. All gorillas are listed in Appendix I of the 1660:was the first gorilla to be born in captivity. 1331:, a trait once considered unique to humans and 523: 6115:– taxonomy, ecology, behavior and conservation 5978: 4351: 4147: 4145: 4143: 3828: 3750: 3407: 2761:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T9404A136250858.en 1656:(December 22, 1956 – January 17, 2017) of the 7570: 6982: 6539: 6234: 5964:. 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Perseus Digital Library. Archived from 2261: 2259: 2189: 1648:Gorillas became highly prized by western 1240:One possible predator of gorillas is the 539: 5987: 5932: 5915: 5903: 5891: 5876: 5864: 5852: 5840: 5828: 5816: 5659: 5506: 5473: 5250: 4974: 4517: 4281: 3914: 3879: 3873: 3218: 3051: 2936: 2300: 1819: 1809: 1793:, and also an international treaty, the 1711: 1636: 1610: 1506: 1408: 1337: 1313: 1292: 1272: 1211:Gorilla night nest constructed in a tree 1206: 1179: 1167: 1130: 1037: 1001: 417: 6137:Welcome to the Year of the Gorilla 2009 6023: 6017:Female mate choice in mountain gorillas 6014: 6005: 5660:Luscombe, Richard (29 September 2021). 5113: 4917: 4854:from the original on 22 September 2017. 4469: 4452: 4412: 4134: 3387: 3137:"Population systematics of the gorilla" 2265: 2157: 1678:such as regurgitation, reingestion and 1203:Nest-building in primates § In gorillas 1108:, into which the other great apes fit. 14: 11078: 5791: 5674:from the original on 29 September 2021 4891:Quammen, D.; Reel, M. (4 April 2013). 4805: 4745: 4571: 4424: 4323: 3432: 3168:Pictorial guide to the living primates 3134: 3028: 2911: 2774: 2583: 2256: 2202: 1707: 942:: 130–185 cm (51–73 in) long 834:: 160–196 cm (63–77 in) long 489:The American physician and missionary 444:explorer on an expedition to the west 10840: 10839: 10092: 9252: 8297: 7628: 7558: 6970: 6882:Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor 6527: 6222: 6032: 5288: 5209: 4727:from the original on 14 November 2006 4480:Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 4366: 4269: 4254: 4216: 4068: 3822: 3610:Marchant, L. F.; Nishida, T. (1996). 3539:"Gorillas – diet & eating habits" 3522: 2864: 2858: 2421:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2233: 2231: 1542:After their trip, Mary Bradley wrote 1342:Mother gorilla with 10-day-old infant 765:IUCN status and estimated population 6892:Orangutan–human last common ancestor 5979:Czekala, N.; Robbins, M. M. (2001). 5732: 4717:"A tough nut to crack for evolution" 4646:from the original on 25 October 2012 4328:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 3939: 3796:International Journal of Primatology 3572:Weigl Educational Publishers Limited 3165: 3064: 2942: 2797:from the original on 23 October 2014 2577: 2090: 1797:, concluded under UNEP-administered 1787:United Nations Environment Programme 1602: 1163: 1074:. Adult males also have a prominent 543:Phylogeny of superfamily Hominoidea 448:coast to the area that later became 6098:(Video) (archived 5 September 2007) 6093:Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting 6015:Sicotte, P. (2001). Robbins (ed.). 5925: 5796:. Tucson: Matam Press. p. 48. 5631:"Ebola 'kills over 5,000 gorillas'" 5571:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5494:from the original on 7 October 2016 4158:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 3388:Jackson, Amanda (26 January 2022). 3184:. Santa Barbara Zoo. Archived from 3170:. East Hampton, NY: Pogonias Press. 2871:Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 2747:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2702:from the original on 30 August 2023 2652:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2481:"Mountain gorillas of the Virungas" 1475: 1443:Tool use by animals § Gorillas 1257: 1115:. At 67 years, 265 days, 1100:, which would, in humans, indicate 501:in 1847 from specimens obtained in 424:Hanno the Navigator § Gorillai 24: 6887:Gorilla–human last common ancestor 6819:Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes 6163:National Museum of Natural History 6042:Yamagiwa, J.; Kahekwa, J. (2001). 5641:from the original on 29 March 2009 5370:) groups in North American zoos". 5240:from the original on 9 March 2012. 4709: 4425:Nguyen, T. C. (13 February 2008). 4239:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1989.tb00754.x 3707:from the original on 3 April 2012. 3153:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1970.tb04514.x 2228: 1532:American Museum of Natural History 1480:American physician and missionary 1224:, but as an important instance of 997: 854:, invertebrates, and gorilla dung 25: 11132: 6897:Gibbon–human last common ancestor 6077: 5611:from the original on 12 July 2006 5126:from the original on 8 March 2012 4905:from the original on 6 April 2013 4868:. Museum Victoria. Archived from 4785:Boston Journal of Natural History 4557:Maple, T. L.; Hoff, M.P. (1982). 3940:Sanz, C. M.; et al. (2022). 3630:from the original on 27 June 2014 3588:from the original on 27 June 2014 2932:from the original on 10 May 2016. 1781:Conservation efforts include the 1763:was essentially wiped out by the 1087:Bwindi Impenetrable National Park 978:The proposed third subspecies of 359:Gorillas' natural habitats cover 334:of gorillas is highly similar to 318:is divided into two species: the 297:, predominantly ground-dwelling 10823: 10797: 10075: 9235: 8279: 6951: 6950: 6702: 6508: 6507: 6210:(version Kamilah_GGO_v0/gorGor6) 6185:(version Kamilah_GGO_v0/gorGor6) 5785: 5765: 5686: 5653: 5623: 5593: 5585:}}: |volume= / |date= mismatch ( 5528: 5291:Applied Animal Behaviour Science 4775:Savage, T. S; Wyman, J. (1847). 4572:Wright, E.; et al. (2021). 1722:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1587:) are believed to be one of the 1515:at close quarters with a gorilla 1354: 967: 881: 867: 774: 567: (family Hylobatidae) 397:Democratic Republic of the Congo 80: 8298: 6829:Great Apes Survival Partnership 6779:Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary 6206:Data of the genome assembly of 6119:San Diego Zoo Gorilla Factsheet 5438: 5359: 5282: 5256: 5212:"Gorilla joins the genome club" 5203: 5138: 5107: 4858: 4799: 4768: 4739: 4658: 4628: 4565: 4418: 4369:American Journal of Primatology 4275: 3990: 3933: 3908: 3839:American Journal of Primatology 3837:) in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon". 3787: 3753:American Journal of Primatology 3711: 3668: 3642: 3531: 3426: 3381: 3294: 3259: 3200: 3174: 3159: 3128: 3022: 2988:American Journal of Primatology 2905: 2822:Molecular Biology and Evolution 2472: 2362: 2334:Molecular Biology and Evolution 2208:"A history of gorilla taxonomy" 1799:Convention on Migratory Species 1716:Eastern lowland gorilla in the 1500:is described, now known as the 1421:, have been taught a subset of 1392: 1070:protrudes farther out than the 982:, which has not yet received a 756:Scientific name and subspecies 10093: 9253: 7629: 7584: 5303:10.1016/j.applanim.2005.06.019 2883:10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.12.011 2317: 2294: 2151: 2133: 2084: 2069: 1950:, as well as superheroes. The 1318:Young gorilla riding on mother 361:tropical or subtropical forest 13: 1: 7158:Kasakela chimpanzee community 6125:World Wildlife Fund: Gorillas 6121:– features a video and photos 5083:10.1016/S1054-3589(07)56001-1 3564:Miller-Schroeder, P. (1997). 3268:Brain, Behavior and Evolution 2062: 1908:The Strange Case of Doctor Rx 1597:Simian immunodeficiency virus 1449:Wildlife Conservation Society 662:chimpanzees (genus 437: 7198:Mitumba chimpanzee community 6155:Human Timeline (Interactive) 5114:Kelland, K. (7 March 2012). 4791:(4): 417–443. Archived from 4684:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030380 3719:"Wildlife: mountain gorilla" 2775:Csomos, Rebecca Ann (2008). 2520:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 2091:Hair, P. E. H. (1987). "The 1885:Gorilla Carrying off a Woman 1851:In 1911, the anthropologist 1785:, a partnership between the 1767:. A 2006 study published in 1632: 1464:are now known to use tools. 1453:Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park 1252: 846:: Roots, leaves, stems, and 524:Evolution and classification 7: 11106:Fauna of Sub-Saharan Africa 5933:Gott, T.; Weir, K. (2013). 4202:Yamagiwa & Kahekwa 2001 4001:Pan troglodytes troglodytes 3135:Groves, C. P. (July 1970). 2556:Songs of the gorilla nation 2441:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.005 2243:Public Broadcasting Service 2007: 1948:Sheena, Queen of the Jungle 1936:Donald Duck and the Gorilla 1816:Gorillas in popular culture 1783:Great Apes Survival Project 1511:Drawing of French explorer 1436: 1268:Silverback (disambiguation) 27:Genus of large African apes 10: 11137: 7026:List of fictional primates 7016:List of individual monkeys 6902:List of fictional primates 6754:Neanderthal genome project 6053:Kingdon, Jonathan (2015). 5937:. London: Reaktion Books. 5210:Smith, K. (7 March 2012). 4603:10.1038/s41598-021-86261-8 4352:Czekala & Robbins 2001 4031:10.1038/s41598-021-93829-x 3966:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105059 3681:Journal of Human Evolution 3541:. Seaworld. Archived from 3155:– via Onlinelibrary. 3094:Journal of Human Evolution 2301:Liddell, H. G.; Scott, R. 1992:(1999) and the 1992 novel 1813: 1718:Kahuzi-Biega National Park 1440: 1402: 1396: 1358: 1310:Reproduction and parenting 1264:Blackback (disambiguation) 1261: 1200: 1196: 1172:Gorillas moving in habitat 1158: 432:comes from the history of 421: 326:, and either four or five 301:that inhabit the tropical 36: 29: 10848: 10794: 10682: 10667: 10658: 10616: 10556: 10545: 10451: 10403: 10399: 10388: 10313: 10239: 10120: 10116: 10101: 10088: 10073: 10039: 9889: 9824: 9815: 9632: 9579: 9561: 9550: 9473: 9446: 9419: 9387: 9375: 9345: 9308: 9280: 9276: 9261: 9248: 9233: 9199: 9123: 9039: 8911: 8746: 8716: 8648: 8637: 8581: 8554: 8532: 8520: 8454: 8417: 8386: 8325: 8321: 8306: 8293: 8276: 8250: 8181: 8139: 8130: 8126: 8088: 7898: 7771: 7695: 7657: 7637: 7624: 7592: 7459: 7271: 7063: 7035: 7021:Monkeys and apes in space 7005: 6946: 6847: 6834:International Primate Day 6797: 6784:Borneo Orangutan Survival 6739:Chimpanzee genome project 6711: 6700: 6561: 6503: 6461: 6425: 6416: 6377: 6368: 6307: 6298: 6260: 6249:Extant species of family 5739:IK: Other Ways of Knowing 5694:"Gorilla | Species | WWF" 5225:10.1038/nature.2012.10185 4576:Gorilla beringei beringei 4170:10.1007/s00265-003-0630-3 4101:10.1007/s10329-003-0049-5 2912:Miller, Patricia (1997). 2867:Gorilla beringei beringei 2383:10.1007/s00439-005-0130-9 2041:International Primate Day 1899:(1933). The comedic play 1663:Captive gorillas exhibit 1658:Columbus Zoo and Aquarium 1371:is required. Screams and 1236:Interspecies interactions 876: 769: 764: 761: 758: 755: 752: 660: 638: 631: 612: 605: 585: 578: 562: 555: 542: 349:Gorillas are the largest 274: 267: 263:Distribution of gorillas 262: 253: 236: 231: 215: 208: 77:Scientific classification 75: 62: 53: 48: 6553: 5792:Alesha, Matomah (2004). 4284:Gorilla gorilla beringei 3915:Galdikas, B. M. (2005). 3650:"Gorilla Night Routines" 2591:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). 2078:Geographi graeci minores 2076:Müller, C. (1855–1861). 1893:(1930) and most notably 1581:Western lowland gorillas 1127:Distribution and habitat 1081:Gorillas move around by 393:eastern lowland gorillas 389:western lowland gorillas 37:Not to be confused with 32:Gorilla (disambiguation) 7011:List of individual apes 6860:List of individual apes 6839:Nonhuman Rights Project 6024:Stewart, K. J. (2001). 6006:Robbins, M. M. (2001). 5368:Gorilla gorilla gorilla 5327:Gorilla gorilla gorilla 4544:10.1163/156853993X00524 4470:Stewart, K. J. (1988). 4154:Gorilla gorilla gorilla 4005:Gorilla gorilla gorilla 3808:10.1023/A:1024689008159 3307:populations of bonobo ( 3071:. Sterling Publishing. 2965:10.1002/ajpa.1330500104 2307:A Greek-English lexicon 2046:List of individual apes 2020:Gorilla (advertisement) 1867:while the Bulu name is 1482:Thomas Staughton Savage 1361:Guerrilla communication 926:Western lowland gorilla 818:Eastern lowland gorilla 491:Thomas Staughton Savage 11121:Taxa described in 1852 6749:Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka 6194:Data of the genome of 5997:McNeilage, A. (2001). 5879:, pp. 89–91, 173. 5042:10.1098/rstb.2001.0863 4746:Savage, T. S. (1847). 4381:10.1002/ajp.1350240307 3919:. Abrams. p. 89. 3851:10.1002/ajp.1350280103 3765:10.1002/ajp.1350300305 3701:10.1006/jhev.1995.1048 3319:ssp.), and orangutan ( 3311:), common chimpanzee ( 3114:10.1006/jhev.1996.0122 3029:Tuttle, R. H. (1986). 3000:10.1002/ajp.1350360104 2791:University of Michigan 2696:University of Michigan 2659:: e.T39994A115576640. 2051:List of fictional apes 1829: 1724: 1645: 1629: 1516: 1414: 1343: 1319: 1298: 1278: 1277:Silverback with female 1212: 1185: 1173: 1136: 1135:Young gorilla climbing 1106:ABO blood group system 1064:mandibular prognathism 1058: 1007: 476: 11058:Paleobiology Database 6764:Lone Drøscher Nielsen 6149:Virunga National Park 6142:18 March 2019 at the 6059:Bloomsbury Publishing 6033:Watts, D. P. (2001). 5988:Fletcher, A. (2001). 4642:. 12 September 2007. 4493:10.1530/jrf.0.0830627 2834:10.1093/molbev/msu394 2754:: e.T9404A136250858. 2347:10.1093/molbev/msg050 2239:"Fantastic Creatures" 1823: 1814:Further information: 1810:Cultural significance 1776:ecological extinction 1733:critically endangered 1715: 1665:stereotypic behaviors 1640: 1623: 1510: 1441:Further information: 1412: 1397:Further information: 1366:Twenty-five distinct 1341: 1317: 1296: 1276: 1210: 1183: 1171: 1134: 1098:monoclonal antibodies 1041: 1005: 615:gorillas (genus 465: 418:History and etymology 408:Critically Endangered 399:near its border with 6744:Human Genome Project 6352:Tapanuli orangutan ( 6334:Sumatran orangutan ( 6111:22 July 2017 at the 6084:Animal Diversity Web 5916:Gott & Weir 2013 5906:, pp. 157, 183. 5904:Gott & Weir 2013 5892:Gott & Weir 2013 5877:Gott & Weir 2013 5865:Gott & Weir 2013 5853:Gott & Weir 2013 5841:Gott & Weir 2013 5829:Gott & Weir 2013 5817:Gott & Weir 2013 5578:: e.T9404A136250858. 5536:"Appendices | CITES" 5490:. 4 September 2016. 5251:Gott & Weir 2013 4326:Gorillas in the mist 3188:on 28 September 2006 3065:Wood, G. L. (1983). 2786:Animal Diversity Web 2691:Animal Diversity Web 2487:on 21 September 2008 1983:Gorillas in the Mist 1863:name for gorilla is 1757:Odzala National Park 1544:On the Gorilla Trail 497:first described the 30:For other uses, see 11096:Herbivorous mammals 9958:Paradolichopithecus 7306:Charles the Gorilla 6789:Primate archaeology 6343:Bornean orangutan ( 6189:UCSC Genome Browser 6057:(Second ed.). 6037:. pp. 216–240. 6028:. pp. 183–213. 6001:. pp. 265–292. 5992:. pp. 153–182. 5983:. pp. 317–339. 5918:, pp. 174–176. 5867:, pp. 131–135. 5855:, pp. 126–127. 5843:, pp. 138–143. 5831:, pp. 122–125. 5819:, Chapters 3 and 4. 5699:World Wildlife Fund 5637:. 8 December 2006. 5171:10.1038/nature10842 5163:2012Natur.483..169S 4942:2006Natur.444..164V 4872:on 27 February 2008 4806:McCook, S. (1996). 4779:Troglodytes gorilla 4723:. 18 October 2005. 4594:2021NatSR..11.6879W 4520:, pp. 153–182. 4455:, pp. 183–213. 4354:, pp. 317–339. 4324:Fossey, D. (1983). 4272:, pp. 216–240. 4231:1989Ethol..81....1W 4071:Great ape societies 4023:2021NatSR..1114673S 3958:2022iSci...25j5059S 3833:) and chimpanzees ( 3729:on 17 February 2012 3693:1995JHumE..29...93F 3613:Great ape societies 3525:Great Ape Societies 3475:, pp. 265–292. 3106:1997JHumE..32..523S 2559:. Harmony. p. 2433:2011MolPE..58..447I 1930:The Gorilla Mystery 1745:habitat destruction 1708:Conservation status 1667:, including eating 1569:National Geographic 1498:Troglodytes gorilla 1222:animal architecture 1215:Gorillas construct 916:Cross River gorilla 749: 507:Troglodytes gorilla 473:Andrew Battel, 1625 434:Hanno the Navigator 218:Troglodytes gorilla 11101:Primates of Africa 9584:Victoriapithecidae 9526:Plesiopliopithecus 9464:Platodontopithecus 7281:Alfred the Gorilla 6997:Notable non-human 6719:Great ape language 6677:Tapanuli orangutan 6657:Sumatran orangutan 6131:Gorilla protection 6046:. pp. 89–122. 5253:, pp. 98–107. 4898:The New York Times 4582:Scientific Reports 4300:10.1007/BF02382180 4204:, pp. 89–122. 4011:Scientific Reports 3894:10.1002/ajpa.20703 3835:Pan t. troglodytes 3831:Gorilla g. gorilla 3499:10.1007/BF02381481 3369:on 20 January 2012 3244:10.1002/ajpa.23404 3141:Journal of Zoology 3037:. William Andrew. 2512:; Rylands, A. B.; 2510:Mittermeier, R. A. 2280:10.1002/evan.20203 1965:Planet of the Apes 1830: 1725: 1646: 1630: 1517: 1431:colour preferences 1415: 1405:Great ape language 1344: 1320: 1299: 1297:Silverback gorilla 1279: 1213: 1186: 1174: 1137: 1113:rare circumstances 1059: 1008: 1006:Male gorilla skull 732: 643: (genus 365:Sub-Saharan Africa 11073: 11072: 11045:Open Tree of Life 10842:Taxon identifiers 10811: 10810: 10807: 10806: 10792: 10791: 10788: 10787: 10784: 10783: 10780: 10779: 10776: 10775: 10541: 10540: 10384: 10383: 10084: 10083: 10071: 10070: 10067: 10066: 10063: 10062: 10035: 10034: 10031: 10030: 9546: 9545: 9542: 9541: 9448:Dionysopithecidae 9350:Propliopithecidae 9244: 9243: 9231: 9230: 9227: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9195: 9194: 8633: 8632: 8629: 8628: 8289: 8288: 8274: 8273: 8270: 8269: 8246: 8245: 8122: 8121: 7552: 7551: 6964: 6963: 6824:Great Ape Project 6667:Bornean orangutan 6521: 6520: 6499: 6498: 6495: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6472: 6433: 6404:Western gorilla ( 6395:Eastern gorilla ( 6388: 6364: 6363: 6327: 6254: 6102:Primate Info Net 6068:978-1-4729-2531-2 6019:. pp. 59–87. 6010:. pp. 29–58. 5751:10.26209/ik560158 5459:10.1002/zoo.21127 5424:10.1002/zoo.20425 5384:10.1002/zoo.21218 5345:10.1002/zoo.20396 5270:. 18 January 2017 5157:(7388): 169–175. 5036:(1410): 867–876. 4415:, pp. 59–87. 4137:, pp. 29–58. 3917:Great ape odyssey 3656:. 18 October 2019 3545:on 11 August 2011 3342:10.1002/zoo.20348 3280:10.1159/000116536 3166:Rowe, N. (1996). 2551:Prince-Hughes, D. 2224:on 26 March 2009. 2159:Montagu, M. F. A. 2147:on 14 March 2017. 2098:History in Africa 2093:Periplus of Hanno 2030:Great Ape Project 1803:Gorilla Agreement 1761:Republic of Congo 1621: 1603:Genome sequencing 1540:James Tiptree Jr. 1469:Republic of Congo 1457:Republic of Congo 1425:. Like the other 1399:Primate cognition 1258:Social structure 1164:Diet and foraging 976: 975: 899: 791: 762:Size and ecology 747: 718: 717: 713: 712: 704: 703: 695: 694: 686: 685: 677: 676: 553: Hominoidea 505:. They called it 381:Virunga Volcanoes 307:equatorial Africa 288: 287: 282: 204: 16:(Redirected from 11128: 11066: 11065: 11053: 11052: 11040: 11039: 11027: 11026: 11024:NHMSYS0000376721 11014: 11013: 11001: 11000: 10988: 10987: 10975: 10974: 10962: 10961: 10949: 10948: 10936: 10935: 10923: 10922: 10910: 10909: 10897: 10896: 10884: 10883: 10882: 10869: 10868: 10867: 10837: 10836: 10828: 10827: 10819: 10802: 10801: 10764: 10753: 10742: 10732: 10714: 10707:Australopithecus 10704: 10693: 10665: 10664: 10645: 10627: 10559: 10554: 10553: 10529: 10512: 10502: 10492: 10482: 10472: 10462: 10439: 10429: 10419: 10409: 10401: 10400: 10397: 10396: 10372: 10348: 10324: 10244:Dendropithecidae 10242: 10227: 10217: 10207: 10197: 10187: 10177: 10166: 10156: 10146: 10136: 10126: 10118: 10117: 10114: 10113: 10103: 10102: 10090: 10089: 10079: 10041: 10040: 10012: 9995: 9985: 9975: 9965: 9955: 9917: 9907: 9877: 9822: 9821: 9782: 9765: 9727: 9717: 9700: 9690: 9680: 9670: 9660: 9646:Cercopithecoides 9643: 9616:Victoriapithecus 9582: 9567: 9559: 9558: 9553:Cercopithecoidea 9407: 9385: 9384: 9378: 9348: 9311: 9296: 9286: 9278: 9277: 9274: 9273: 9263: 9262: 9250: 9249: 9239: 9201: 9200: 9176: 9097: 9087: 9077: 9067: 9050: 9027: 9017: 9007: 8997: 8980: 8963: 8953: 8943: 8899: 8889: 8879: 8855: 8845: 8835: 8825: 8815: 8791: 8781: 8757: 8734: 8704: 8694: 8684: 8674: 8664: 8654: 8646: 8645: 8556:Proteopithecidae 8530: 8529: 8523: 8457: 8420: 8389: 8373: 8362: 8352: 8342: 8331: 8323: 8322: 8319: 8318: 8308: 8307: 8295: 8294: 8284: 8283: 8233: 8216: 8206: 8166: 8155: 8145: 8137: 8136: 8128: 8127: 7655: 7654: 7645: 7639: 7638: 7626: 7625: 7579: 7572: 7565: 7556: 7555: 7529:Nonja (Malaysia) 6991: 6984: 6977: 6968: 6967: 6954: 6953: 6923:Mythic humanoids 6706: 6681:P. tapanuliensis 6548: 6541: 6534: 6525: 6524: 6511: 6510: 6471: 6468: 6432: 6423: 6422: 6387: 6384: 6375: 6374: 6354:P. tapanuliensis 6326: 6323: 6314: 6313: 6305: 6304: 6252: 6243: 6236: 6229: 6220: 6219: 6072: 6047: 6038: 6029: 6020: 6011: 6002: 5993: 5984: 5975: 5956: 5926:Literature cited 5919: 5913: 5907: 5901: 5895: 5889: 5880: 5874: 5868: 5862: 5856: 5850: 5844: 5838: 5832: 5826: 5820: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5789: 5783: 5782: 5773:Du Chaillu, Paul 5769: 5763: 5762: 5730: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5657: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5627: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5607:. 10 July 2006. 5597: 5591: 5590: 5579: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5532: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5480: 5471: 5470: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5407: 5396: 5395: 5363: 5357: 5356: 5320: 5307: 5306: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5260: 5254: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5227: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5190: 5142: 5136: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5053: 5021: 5015: 5014: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4953: 4921: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4838: 4812: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4696: 4686: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4615: 4605: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4559:Gorilla behavior 4554: 4548: 4547: 4527: 4521: 4515: 4506: 4505: 4495: 4467: 4456: 4450: 4435: 4434: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4401: 4400: 4375:(3–4): 211–225. 4364: 4355: 4349: 4340: 4339: 4321: 4312: 4311: 4279: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4252: 4243: 4242: 4214: 4205: 4199: 4190: 4189: 4149: 4138: 4132: 4121: 4120: 4084: 4075: 4074: 4066: 4053: 4052: 4042: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3977: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3912: 3906: 3905: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3748: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3725:. Archived from 3715: 3709: 3708: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3607: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3520: 3511: 3510: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3459: 3458: 3452: 3448: 3446: 3438: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3414: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3368: 3362:. Archived from 3353: 3327: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3246: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3178: 3172: 3171: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3062: 3049: 3048: 3036: 3026: 3020: 3019: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2845: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2733: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2684:Gorilla beringei 2677: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2645:Gorilla beringei 2638: 2629: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2547: 2532: 2531: 2506: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2461:. Archived from 2452: 2418: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2377:(1–2): 185–198. 2366: 2360: 2359: 2349: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2298: 2292: 2291: 2263: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2235: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2212: 2200: 2187: 2186: 2155: 2149: 2148: 2143:. Archived from 2137: 2131: 2130: 2088: 2082: 2081: 2073: 1977:Mighty Joe Young 1920:Gorilla at Large 1881:Emmanuel Frémiet 1690: 1689: 1685: 1677: 1676: 1672: 1622: 1476:Scientific study 1329:face-to-face sex 1184:Gorilla foraging 1055:Gorilla beringei 980:Gorilla beringei 971: 970: 961: 893: 885: 871: 870: 861: 808:Mountain gorilla 786: 778: 750: 742: 731: 634: 633: 608: 607: 581: 580: 558: 557: 550: 549: 540: 537:each gene has. 474: 439: 369:mountain gorilla 280: 258: 246:Gorilla beringei 199: 85: 84: 58: 46: 45: 21: 11136: 11135: 11131: 11130: 11129: 11127: 11126: 11125: 11076: 11075: 11074: 11069: 11061: 11056: 11048: 11043: 11035: 11030: 11022: 11017: 11009: 11004: 10996: 10991: 10983: 10978: 10970: 10965: 10957: 10952: 10944: 10939: 10931: 10926: 10918: 10913: 10905: 10900: 10892: 10887: 10878: 10877: 10872: 10863: 10862: 10857: 10844: 10834: 10822: 10814: 10812: 10803: 10796: 10772: 10678: 10654: 10630:Chororapithecus 10612: 10599:Pierolapithecus 10591:Hispanopithecus 10550: 10537: 10475:Gigantopithecus 10447: 10393: 10380: 10375:Yuanmoupithecus 10309: 10304:Turkanapithecus 10235: 10230:Samburupithecus 10200:Nacholapithecus 10110: 10097: 10080: 10059: 10027: 9998:Procynocephalus 9885: 9817:Cercopithecinae 9811: 9663:Dolichopithecus 9628: 9600:Nsungwepithecus 9575: 9555: 9538: 9491:Barberapithecus 9469: 9457:Dionysopithecus 9442: 9430:Epipliopithecus 9415: 9393:Krishnapithecus 9380:Pliopithecoidea 9371: 9366:Propliopithecus 9359:Aegyptopithecus 9341: 9313:Oligopithecidae 9304: 9270: 9257: 9240: 9219: 9191: 9119: 9035: 8907: 8882:Proteropithecia 8742: 8712: 8642: 8625: 8620:Ucayalipithecus 8577: 8550: 8525:Parapithecoidea 8516: 8497:Myanmarpithecus 8459:Amphipithecidae 8450: 8445:Phenacopithecus 8413: 8382: 8315: 8302: 8285: 8278: 8266: 8242: 8177: 8118: 8084: 7894: 7774:Anaptomorphinae 7767: 7691: 7651: 7633: 7620: 7588: 7583: 7553: 7548: 7524:Nonja (Austria) 7455: 7326:Guy the Gorilla 7267: 7059: 7031: 7030: 7001: 6995: 6965: 6960: 6942: 6913:Human evolution 6843: 6800: 6793: 6729:Birutė Galdikas 6707: 6698: 6638:Western gorilla 6628:Eastern gorilla 6564: 6557: 6552: 6522: 6517: 6487: 6469: 6467: 6457: 6431: 6412: 6385: 6383: 6360: 6324: 6322: 6294: 6256: 6247: 6208:Gorilla gorilla 6196:Gorilla gorilla 6183:Gorilla gorilla 6171:Gorilla gorilla 6144:Wayback Machine 6113:Wayback Machine 6088:Gorilla gorilla 6080: 6075: 6069: 5972: 5959: 5945: 5928: 5923: 5922: 5914: 5910: 5902: 5898: 5890: 5883: 5875: 5871: 5863: 5859: 5851: 5847: 5839: 5835: 5827: 5823: 5815: 5811: 5804: 5790: 5786: 5770: 5766: 5731: 5714: 5704: 5702: 5692: 5691: 5687: 5677: 5675: 5658: 5654: 5644: 5642: 5629: 5628: 5624: 5614: 5612: 5599: 5598: 5594: 5580: 5564:Gorilla gorilla 5558: 5554: 5544: 5542: 5534: 5533: 5529: 5519: 5517: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5497: 5495: 5482: 5481: 5474: 5443: 5439: 5408: 5399: 5364: 5360: 5321: 5310: 5287: 5283: 5273: 5271: 5262: 5261: 5257: 5249: 5245: 5208: 5204: 5143: 5139: 5129: 5127: 5112: 5108: 5093: 5071: 5067: 5022: 5018: 4995:10.1038/nm.2016 4983:Nature Medicine 4979: 4975: 4951:10.1038/444164a 4922: 4918: 4908: 4906: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4864: 4863: 4859: 4851: 4810: 4804: 4800: 4795:on 20 May 2016. 4773: 4769: 4744: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4721:CBS News Online 4715: 4714: 4710: 4663: 4659: 4649: 4647: 4640:CBS News Online 4634: 4633: 4629: 4570: 4566: 4555: 4551: 4528: 4524: 4516: 4509: 4474:Gorilla gorilla 4468: 4459: 4451: 4438: 4423: 4419: 4411: 4404: 4365: 4358: 4350: 4343: 4336: 4322: 4315: 4280: 4276: 4268: 4264: 4253: 4246: 4215: 4208: 4200: 4193: 4150: 4141: 4133: 4124: 4085: 4078: 4067: 4056: 4003:) on gorillas ( 3995: 3991: 3938: 3934: 3927: 3913: 3909: 3878: 3874: 3827: 3823: 3792: 3788: 3749: 3742: 3732: 3730: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3673: 3669: 3659: 3657: 3648: 3647: 3643: 3633: 3631: 3624: 3608: 3601: 3591: 3589: 3582: 3562: 3558: 3548: 3546: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3521: 3514: 3483: 3479: 3471: 3462: 3450: 3449: 3440: 3439: 3431: 3427: 3415: 3408: 3398: 3396: 3386: 3382: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3325: 3313:Pan troglodytes 3299: 3295: 3264: 3260: 3223: 3219: 3214:on 1 June 2010. 3206: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3164: 3160: 3133: 3129: 3090: 3086: 3079: 3063: 3052: 3045: 3027: 3023: 2984: 2980: 2941: 2937: 2926: 2910: 2906: 2863: 2859: 2814: 2810: 2800: 2798: 2779:Gorilla gorilla 2773: 2769: 2740:Gorilla gorilla 2734: 2727: 2719: 2715: 2705: 2703: 2678: 2674: 2639: 2632: 2624: 2620: 2605: 2582: 2578: 2571: 2548: 2535: 2528: 2516:, eds. (2013). 2507: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2477: 2473: 2468:on 10 May 2012. 2465: 2416: 2410: 2406: 2367: 2363: 2324:Glazko, G. V.; 2322: 2318: 2313:on 6 June 2011. 2299: 2295: 2264: 2257: 2247: 2245: 2237: 2236: 2229: 2221: 2210: 2201: 2190: 2156: 2152: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2111:10.2307/3171832 2089: 2085: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2010: 1958:is an enemy of 1923:(1954) and the 1914:The Gorilla Man 1846:Paul Du Chaillu 1826:Paul Du Chaillu 1818: 1812: 1710: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1670: 1668: 1641:Gorilla at the 1635: 1611: 1605: 1559:George Schaller 1521:Paul Du Chaillu 1513:Paul Du Chaillu 1502:western gorilla 1478: 1445: 1439: 1407: 1401: 1395: 1364: 1357: 1312: 1271: 1260: 1255: 1238: 1205: 1199: 1166: 1161: 1129: 1083:knuckle-walking 1066:, that is, the 1051:eastern gorilla 1047:Gorilla gorilla 1043:Western gorilla 1000: 998:Characteristics 965: 959: 950: 949: 944: 943: 936: 932: 931: 908: 907: 901: 900: 892: 878:Western gorilla 865: 859: 842: 841: 836: 835: 828: 824: 823: 800: 799: 793: 792: 785: 771:Eastern gorilla 714: 705: 696: 687: 678: 526: 499:western gorilla 493:and naturalist 475: 472: 426: 420: 324:western gorilla 320:eastern gorilla 243: 240:Gorilla gorilla 227: 221: 198: 79: 69:Gorilla gorilla 66: 64:Western gorilla 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11134: 11124: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11111:Primate genera 11108: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11071: 11070: 11068: 11067: 11054: 11041: 11028: 11015: 11002: 10989: 10976: 10963: 10950: 10937: 10924: 10911: 10898: 10885: 10870: 10854: 10852: 10846: 10845: 10833: 10832: 10809: 10808: 10805: 10804: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10789: 10786: 10785: 10782: 10781: 10778: 10777: 10774: 10773: 10771: 10770: 10760: 10756:Sahelanthropus 10749: 10738: 10728: 10721: 10717:Graecopithecus 10710: 10700: 10688: 10686: 10680: 10679: 10677: 10676: 10668: 10662: 10656: 10655: 10653: 10652: 10648:Nakalipithecus 10641: 10634: 10622: 10620: 10614: 10613: 10611: 10610: 10603: 10595: 10587: 10580: 10573: 10565: 10563: 10551: 10546: 10543: 10542: 10539: 10538: 10536: 10535: 10525: 10518: 10508: 10505:Lufengpithecus 10498: 10495:Khoratpithecus 10488: 10478: 10468: 10465:Ankarapithecus 10457: 10455: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10445: 10442:Ouranopithecus 10435: 10432:Nakalipithecus 10425: 10422:Graecopithecus 10415: 10404: 10394: 10389: 10386: 10385: 10382: 10381: 10379: 10378: 10368: 10361: 10354: 10344: 10337: 10330: 10319: 10317: 10311: 10310: 10308: 10307: 10300: 10293: 10286: 10283:Rangwapithecus 10279: 10271: 10268:Nyanzapithecus 10264: 10256: 10253:Dendropithecus 10248: 10246: 10237: 10236: 10234: 10233: 10223: 10213: 10203: 10193: 10190:Morotopithecus 10183: 10173: 10169:Kamoyapithecus 10162: 10159:Griphopithecus 10152: 10142: 10132: 10121: 10111: 10106: 10099: 10098: 10086: 10085: 10082: 10081: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10068: 10065: 10064: 10061: 10060: 10058: 10057: 10056: 10055: 10049: 10047: 10037: 10036: 10033: 10032: 10029: 10028: 10026: 10025: 10018: 10015:Soromandrillus 10008: 10001: 9991: 9981: 9971: 9961: 9951: 9944: 9937: 9930: 9923: 9913: 9903: 9895: 9893: 9887: 9886: 9884: 9883: 9873: 9866: 9859: 9852: 9845: 9838: 9835:Allenopithecus 9830: 9828: 9826:Cercopithecini 9819: 9813: 9812: 9810: 9809: 9806:Trachypithecus 9802: 9795: 9788: 9778: 9771: 9761: 9754: 9747: 9740: 9733: 9723: 9713: 9706: 9696: 9686: 9676: 9666: 9656: 9649: 9638: 9636: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9626: 9623:Zaltanpithecus 9619: 9612: 9604: 9596: 9588: 9586: 9577: 9576: 9574: 9573: 9562: 9556: 9551: 9548: 9547: 9544: 9543: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9536: 9529: 9522: 9515: 9508: 9501: 9494: 9487: 9479: 9477: 9471: 9470: 9468: 9467: 9460: 9452: 9450: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9440: 9433: 9425: 9423: 9421:Pliopithecidae 9417: 9416: 9414: 9413: 9403: 9396: 9388: 9382: 9373: 9372: 9370: 9369: 9362: 9354: 9352: 9343: 9342: 9340: 9339: 9332: 9325: 9317: 9315: 9306: 9305: 9303: 9302: 9292: 9281: 9271: 9266: 9259: 9258: 9246: 9245: 9242: 9241: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9228: 9225: 9224: 9221: 9220: 9218: 9217: 9216: 9215: 9209: 9207: 9197: 9196: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9189: 9182: 9172: 9165: 9162:Leontopithecus 9158: 9151: 9144: 9137: 9129: 9127: 9125:Callitrichidae 9121: 9120: 9118: 9117: 9110: 9103: 9093: 9083: 9073: 9063: 9056: 9045: 9043: 9037: 9036: 9034: 9033: 9023: 9013: 9003: 8993: 8986: 8976: 8969: 8959: 8949: 8939: 8932: 8925: 8917: 8915: 8909: 8908: 8906: 8905: 8895: 8885: 8875: 8868: 8861: 8851: 8841: 8831: 8821: 8811: 8804: 8797: 8787: 8777: 8770: 8763: 8752: 8750: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8740: 8730: 8722: 8720: 8714: 8713: 8711: 8710: 8700: 8690: 8680: 8670: 8660: 8649: 8643: 8638: 8635: 8634: 8631: 8630: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8623: 8616: 8609: 8602: 8595: 8587: 8585: 8583:Parapithecidae 8579: 8578: 8576: 8575: 8568: 8565:Proteopithecus 8560: 8558: 8552: 8551: 8549: 8548: 8541: 8533: 8527: 8518: 8517: 8515: 8514: 8507: 8500: 8493: 8486: 8479: 8471: 8463: 8461: 8452: 8451: 8449: 8448: 8441: 8434: 8426: 8424: 8415: 8414: 8412: 8411: 8404: 8396: 8394: 8384: 8383: 8381: 8380: 8369: 8358: 8348: 8338: 8326: 8316: 8311: 8304: 8303: 8291: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8271: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8264: 8263: 8262: 8256: 8254: 8248: 8247: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8240: 8229: 8222: 8212: 8209:Hesperotarsius 8202: 8195: 8187: 8185: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8175: 8162: 8151: 8140: 8134: 8124: 8123: 8120: 8119: 8117: 8116: 8109: 8102: 8094: 8092: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8082: 8075: 8068: 8061: 8054: 8047: 8040: 8033: 8026: 8019: 8012: 8005: 7998: 7991: 7984: 7977: 7970: 7967:Gunnelltarsius 7963: 7956: 7949: 7942: 7935: 7928: 7921: 7914: 7906: 7904: 7896: 7895: 7893: 7892: 7885: 7878: 7871: 7864: 7857: 7850: 7843: 7836: 7833:Pseudotetonius 7829: 7822: 7815: 7808: 7801: 7794: 7787: 7779: 7777: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7765: 7758: 7751: 7744: 7737: 7730: 7723: 7716: 7709: 7701: 7699: 7697:Microchoerinae 7693: 7692: 7690: 7689: 7682: 7675: 7667: 7658: 7652: 7642: 7635: 7634: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7618: 7612: 7606: 7600: 7593: 7590: 7589: 7582: 7581: 7574: 7567: 7559: 7550: 7549: 7547: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7465: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7277: 7275: 7269: 7268: 7266: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7193:Marquis Chimps 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7093:Pierre Brassau 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7069: 7067: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7041: 7039: 7033: 7032: 7029: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7007: 7006: 7003: 7002: 6994: 6993: 6986: 6979: 6971: 6962: 6961: 6959: 6958: 6947: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6863: 6857: 6851: 6849: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6805: 6803: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6715: 6713: 6709: 6708: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6696: 6695:: Hylobatidae) 6686: 6685: 6684: 6674: 6664: 6647: 6646: 6645: 6635: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6613:P. troglodytes 6606: 6589: 6588: 6587: 6569: 6567: 6559: 6558: 6551: 6550: 6543: 6536: 6528: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6515: 6504: 6501: 6500: 6497: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6485: 6475: 6473: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6455: 6451:P. troglodytes 6446: 6436: 6434: 6420: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6410: 6401: 6391: 6389: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6358: 6349: 6340: 6330: 6328: 6311: 6302: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6292: 6286: 6280: 6274: 6268: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6246: 6245: 6238: 6231: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6203: 6191: 6178: 6166: 6165:(August 2016). 6152: 6146: 6134: 6128: 6122: 6116: 6099: 6090: 6079: 6078:External links 6076: 6074: 6073: 6067: 6050: 6049: 6048: 6039: 6030: 6021: 6012: 6003: 5994: 5985: 5970: 5957: 5944:978-1306124683 5943: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5908: 5896: 5881: 5869: 5857: 5845: 5833: 5821: 5809: 5803:978-1411606432 5802: 5784: 5764: 5712: 5685: 5652: 5622: 5592: 5552: 5527: 5505: 5472: 5453:(3): 197–203. 5437: 5418:(5): 586–599. 5397: 5378:(4): 296–304. 5358: 5339:(3): 306–321. 5308: 5297:(1–2): 13–17. 5281: 5255: 5243: 5202: 5137: 5106: 5092:978-0123736017 5091: 5065: 5016: 4989:(8): 871–872. 4973: 4916: 4883: 4857: 4827:10.1086/368759 4798: 4767: 4764:on 4 May 2016. 4738: 4708: 4657: 4627: 4564: 4549: 4522: 4507: 4486:(2): 627–634. 4457: 4436: 4417: 4402: 4356: 4341: 4334: 4313: 4274: 4262: 4244: 4206: 4191: 4164:(4): 329–339. 4139: 4122: 4095:(4): 359–369. 4076: 4054: 4007:) in the wild" 3989: 3952:(10): 105059. 3932: 3926:978-1435110090 3925: 3907: 3872: 3821: 3802:(4): 901–918. 3786: 3759:(3): 195–211. 3740: 3710: 3667: 3641: 3623:978-0521555364 3622: 3599: 3581:978-0919879898 3580: 3574:. p. 20. 3556: 3530: 3512: 3477: 3473:McNeilage 2001 3460: 3425: 3406: 3380: 3336:(4): 427–444. 3321:Pongo pygmaeus 3293: 3258: 3217: 3199: 3173: 3158: 3147:(3): 287–300. 3127: 3100:(6): 523–559. 3084: 3078:978-0851122359 3077: 3050: 3044:978-0815511045 3043: 3021: 2978: 2935: 2925:978-0919879898 2924: 2904: 2877:(2): 205–210. 2857: 2828:(3): 600–612. 2808: 2767: 2725: 2713: 2672: 2630: 2618: 2603: 2576: 2570:978-1400050581 2569: 2533: 2527:978-8496553897 2526: 2498: 2471: 2427:(3): 447–455. 2404: 2371:Human Genetics 2361: 2340:(3): 424–434. 2328:(March 2003). 2326:Nei, Masatoshi 2316: 2293: 2255: 2227: 2188: 2175:10.1086/347644 2150: 2132: 2083: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2011: 2009: 2006: 1832:In Cameroon's 1811: 1808: 1709: 1706: 1634: 1631: 1604: 1601: 1490:Jeffries Wyman 1477: 1474: 1438: 1435: 1394: 1391: 1356: 1353: 1311: 1308: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1237: 1234: 1198: 1195: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1149:montane forest 1128: 1125: 1076:sagittal crest 999: 996: 988:Bwindi gorilla 974: 973: 960: CR 955: 937: 935:Western Africa 933: 930: 929: 919: 906:Two subspecies 905: 904: 903: 902: 887: 874: 873: 860: CR 855: 829: 827:Central Africa 825: 822: 821: 811: 804:G. b. beringei 798:Two subspecies 797: 796: 795: 794: 780: 767: 766: 763: 760: 757: 754: 748:– two species 727:Primatologists 716: 715: 711: 710: 707: 706: 702: 701: 698: 697: 693: 692: 689: 688: 684: 683: 680: 679: 675: 674: 671: 670: 659: 656: 655: 652: 651: 637: 632: 630: 627: 626: 623: 622: 611: 606: 604: 601: 600: 597: 596: 584: 579: 577: 574: 573: 570: 569: 561: 556: 554: 548: 545: 544: 525: 522: 495:Jeffries Wyman 470: 419: 416: 395:living in the 373:Albertine Rift 336:that of humans 286: 285: 284: 283: 272: 271: 265: 264: 260: 259: 251: 250: 234: 233: 229: 228: 222: 213: 212: 206: 205: 191: 187: 186: 181: 177: 176: 171: 167: 166: 161: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 141: 137: 136: 131: 127: 126: 121: 117: 116: 111: 107: 106: 101: 97: 96: 91: 87: 86: 73: 72: 60: 59: 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11133: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11083: 11081: 11064: 11059: 11055: 11051: 11046: 11042: 11038: 11033: 11029: 11025: 11020: 11016: 11012: 11007: 11003: 10999: 10994: 10990: 10986: 10981: 10977: 10973: 10968: 10964: 10960: 10955: 10951: 10947: 10942: 10938: 10934: 10929: 10925: 10921: 10916: 10912: 10908: 10903: 10899: 10895: 10890: 10886: 10881: 10875: 10871: 10866: 10860: 10856: 10855: 10853: 10851: 10847: 10843: 10838: 10831: 10826: 10821: 10820: 10817: 10800: 10769: 10768: 10761: 10758: 10757: 10750: 10747: 10746: 10739: 10737: 10736: 10735:Kenyanthropus 10729: 10727: 10726: 10722: 10719: 10718: 10711: 10709: 10708: 10701: 10698: 10697: 10690: 10689: 10687: 10685: 10681: 10675: 10674: 10670: 10669: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10657: 10650: 10649: 10642: 10640: 10639: 10635: 10632: 10631: 10624: 10623: 10621: 10619: 10615: 10609: 10608: 10604: 10601: 10600: 10596: 10593: 10592: 10588: 10586: 10585: 10581: 10579: 10578: 10574: 10572: 10571: 10570:Anoiapithecus 10567: 10566: 10564: 10562: 10561:Dryopithecini 10555: 10552: 10549: 10544: 10534: 10533: 10526: 10524: 10523: 10519: 10517: 10516: 10509: 10507: 10506: 10499: 10497: 10496: 10489: 10487: 10486: 10479: 10477: 10476: 10469: 10467: 10466: 10459: 10458: 10456: 10454: 10450: 10444: 10443: 10436: 10434: 10433: 10426: 10424: 10423: 10416: 10414: 10413: 10406: 10405: 10402: 10398: 10395: 10392: 10387: 10377: 10376: 10369: 10367: 10366: 10362: 10360: 10359: 10355: 10353: 10352: 10345: 10343: 10342: 10338: 10336: 10335: 10331: 10329: 10328: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10316: 10312: 10306: 10305: 10301: 10299: 10298: 10294: 10292: 10291: 10290:Rukwapithecus 10287: 10285: 10284: 10280: 10277: 10276: 10272: 10270: 10269: 10265: 10262: 10261: 10260:Micropithecus 10257: 10255: 10254: 10250: 10249: 10247: 10245: 10238: 10232: 10231: 10224: 10222: 10221: 10214: 10212: 10211: 10210:Otavipithecus 10204: 10202: 10201: 10194: 10192: 10191: 10184: 10182: 10181: 10180:Kenyapithecus 10174: 10171: 10170: 10163: 10161: 10160: 10153: 10151: 10150: 10143: 10141: 10140: 10133: 10131: 10130: 10123: 10122: 10119: 10115: 10112: 10109: 10104: 10100: 10096: 10091: 10087: 10078: 10053: 10052: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10042: 10038: 10024: 10023: 10022:Theropithecus 10019: 10017: 10016: 10009: 10007: 10006: 10002: 10000: 9999: 9992: 9990: 9989: 9988:Procercocebus 9982: 9980: 9979: 9972: 9970: 9969: 9962: 9960: 9959: 9952: 9950: 9949: 9945: 9943: 9942: 9938: 9936: 9935: 9931: 9929: 9928: 9924: 9922: 9921: 9920:Gorgopithecus 9914: 9912: 9911: 9904: 9902: 9901: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9892: 9888: 9882: 9881: 9874: 9872: 9871: 9867: 9865: 9864: 9860: 9858: 9857: 9853: 9851: 9850: 9849:Cercopithecus 9846: 9844: 9843: 9842:Allochrocebus 9839: 9837: 9836: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9827: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9814: 9808: 9807: 9803: 9801: 9800: 9796: 9794: 9793: 9792:Semnopithecus 9789: 9787: 9786: 9779: 9777: 9776: 9775:Rhinopithecus 9772: 9770: 9769: 9762: 9760: 9759: 9755: 9753: 9752: 9748: 9746: 9745: 9741: 9739: 9738: 9734: 9732: 9731: 9730:Parapresbytis 9724: 9722: 9721: 9714: 9712: 9711: 9707: 9705: 9704: 9697: 9695: 9694: 9687: 9685: 9684: 9677: 9675: 9674: 9673:Kuseracolobus 9667: 9665: 9664: 9657: 9655: 9654: 9650: 9648: 9647: 9640: 9639: 9637: 9635: 9631: 9625: 9624: 9620: 9618: 9617: 9613: 9610: 9609: 9605: 9602: 9601: 9597: 9595: 9594: 9590: 9589: 9587: 9585: 9578: 9572: 9571: 9564: 9563: 9560: 9557: 9554: 9549: 9535: 9534: 9530: 9528: 9527: 9523: 9521: 9520: 9519:Laccopithecus 9516: 9514: 9513: 9509: 9507: 9506: 9505:Egarapithecus 9502: 9500: 9499: 9495: 9493: 9492: 9488: 9486: 9485: 9481: 9480: 9478: 9476: 9472: 9466: 9465: 9461: 9459: 9458: 9454: 9453: 9451: 9449: 9445: 9439: 9438: 9434: 9432: 9431: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9422: 9418: 9412: 9411: 9404: 9402: 9401: 9397: 9395: 9394: 9390: 9389: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9374: 9368: 9367: 9363: 9361: 9360: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9344: 9338: 9337: 9336:Talahpithecus 9333: 9331: 9330: 9329:Oligopithecus 9326: 9324: 9323: 9319: 9318: 9316: 9314: 9307: 9301: 9300: 9293: 9291: 9290: 9289:Micropithecus 9283: 9282: 9279: 9275: 9272: 9269: 9264: 9260: 9256: 9251: 9247: 9238: 9213: 9212: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9206: 9202: 9198: 9188: 9187: 9183: 9181: 9180: 9173: 9171: 9170: 9166: 9164: 9163: 9159: 9157: 9156: 9152: 9150: 9149: 9145: 9143: 9142: 9138: 9136: 9135: 9131: 9130: 9128: 9126: 9122: 9116: 9115: 9111: 9109: 9108: 9104: 9102: 9101: 9094: 9092: 9091: 9084: 9082: 9081: 9074: 9072: 9071: 9064: 9062: 9061: 9057: 9055: 9054: 9047: 9046: 9044: 9042: 9038: 9032: 9031: 9024: 9022: 9021: 9014: 9012: 9011: 9010:Protopithecus 9004: 9002: 9001: 8994: 8992: 8991: 8987: 8985: 8984: 8977: 8975: 8974: 8970: 8968: 8967: 8960: 8958: 8957: 8950: 8948: 8947: 8940: 8938: 8937: 8933: 8931: 8930: 8926: 8924: 8923: 8919: 8918: 8916: 8914: 8910: 8904: 8903: 8896: 8894: 8893: 8886: 8884: 8883: 8876: 8874: 8873: 8872:Plecturocebus 8869: 8867: 8866: 8862: 8860: 8859: 8852: 8850: 8849: 8848:Miocallicebus 8842: 8840: 8839: 8832: 8830: 8829: 8822: 8820: 8819: 8812: 8810: 8809: 8805: 8803: 8802: 8798: 8796: 8795: 8788: 8786: 8785: 8778: 8776: 8775: 8771: 8769: 8768: 8764: 8762: 8761: 8754: 8753: 8751: 8749: 8745: 8739: 8738: 8731: 8729: 8728: 8724: 8723: 8721: 8719: 8715: 8709: 8708: 8701: 8699: 8698: 8691: 8689: 8688: 8681: 8679: 8678: 8671: 8669: 8668: 8661: 8659: 8658: 8651: 8650: 8647: 8644: 8641: 8636: 8622: 8621: 8617: 8615: 8614: 8610: 8608: 8607: 8603: 8601: 8600: 8596: 8594: 8593: 8589: 8588: 8586: 8584: 8580: 8574: 8573: 8569: 8567: 8566: 8562: 8561: 8559: 8557: 8553: 8547: 8546: 8542: 8540: 8539: 8535: 8534: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8519: 8513: 8512: 8511:Siamopithecus 8508: 8506: 8505: 8501: 8499: 8498: 8494: 8492: 8491: 8487: 8485: 8484: 8480: 8477: 8476: 8475:Bugtipithecus 8472: 8470: 8469: 8468:Amphipithecus 8465: 8464: 8462: 8460: 8453: 8447: 8446: 8442: 8440: 8439: 8435: 8433: 8432: 8428: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8416: 8410: 8409: 8405: 8403: 8402: 8398: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8391:Afrotarsiidae 8385: 8378: 8377: 8370: 8367: 8366: 8359: 8357: 8356: 8355:Aseanpithecus 8349: 8347: 8346: 8339: 8336: 8335: 8328: 8327: 8324: 8320: 8317: 8314: 8309: 8305: 8301: 8296: 8292: 8282: 8260: 8259: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8253: 8249: 8238: 8237: 8230: 8228: 8227: 8223: 8221: 8220: 8213: 8211: 8210: 8203: 8201: 8200: 8199:Cephalopachus 8196: 8194: 8193: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8180: 8173: 8171: 8163: 8160: 8159: 8158:Afrotarsiidae 8152: 8150: 8149: 8142: 8141: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8115: 8114: 8110: 8108: 8107: 8103: 8101: 8100: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8091: 8090:Tarkadectinae 8087: 8081: 8080: 8076: 8074: 8073: 8069: 8067: 8066: 8062: 8060: 8059: 8055: 8053: 8052: 8048: 8046: 8045: 8041: 8039: 8038: 8034: 8032: 8031: 8027: 8025: 8024: 8020: 8018: 8017: 8013: 8011: 8010: 8006: 8004: 8003: 7999: 7997: 7996: 7992: 7990: 7989: 7985: 7983: 7982: 7978: 7976: 7975: 7971: 7969: 7968: 7964: 7962: 7961: 7960:Ekwiiyemakius 7957: 7955: 7954: 7950: 7948: 7947: 7943: 7941: 7940: 7936: 7934: 7933: 7929: 7927: 7926: 7922: 7920: 7919: 7915: 7913: 7912: 7911:Ageitodendron 7908: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7897: 7891: 7890: 7886: 7884: 7883: 7879: 7877: 7876: 7872: 7870: 7869: 7865: 7863: 7862: 7858: 7856: 7855: 7851: 7849: 7848: 7844: 7842: 7841: 7837: 7835: 7834: 7830: 7828: 7827: 7823: 7821: 7820: 7816: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7807: 7806: 7802: 7800: 7799: 7795: 7793: 7792: 7791:Anaptomorphus 7788: 7786: 7785: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7770: 7764: 7763: 7759: 7757: 7756: 7752: 7750: 7749: 7745: 7743: 7742: 7738: 7736: 7735: 7731: 7729: 7728: 7724: 7722: 7721: 7717: 7715: 7714: 7710: 7708: 7707: 7703: 7702: 7700: 7698: 7694: 7688: 7687: 7683: 7681: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7668: 7665: 7664: 7660: 7659: 7656: 7653: 7649: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7627: 7623: 7617: 7613: 7611: 7607: 7605: 7601: 7599: 7595: 7594: 7591: 7587: 7580: 7575: 7573: 7568: 7566: 7561: 7560: 7557: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7458: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7270: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7208:J. Fred Muggs 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7062: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7034: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6992: 6987: 6985: 6980: 6978: 6973: 6972: 6969: 6957: 6949: 6948: 6945: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6867: 6866:Apes in space 6864: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6846: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6801:social status 6796: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6712:Study of apes 6710: 6705: 6694: 6690: 6687: 6682: 6678: 6675: 6672: 6668: 6665: 6662: 6658: 6655: 6654: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6643: 6639: 6636: 6633: 6629: 6626: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6619: 6614: 6610: 6607: 6604: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6595: 6594: 6590: 6585: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6576: 6575: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6566: 6560: 6556: 6549: 6544: 6542: 6537: 6535: 6530: 6529: 6526: 6514: 6506: 6505: 6502: 6484: 6482: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6466: 6465: 6460: 6454: 6452: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6430: 6429: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6415: 6409: 6407: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6382: 6381: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6367: 6357: 6355: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6297: 6291: 6287: 6285: 6281: 6279: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6259: 6255: 6244: 6239: 6237: 6232: 6230: 6225: 6224: 6221: 6215: 6211: 6209: 6204: 6202: 6198: 6197: 6192: 6190: 6186: 6184: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6172: 6167: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6153: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6141: 6138: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6126: 6123: 6120: 6117: 6114: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6100: 6097: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6070: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6051: 6045: 6040: 6036: 6031: 6027: 6022: 6018: 6013: 6009: 6004: 6000: 5995: 5991: 5986: 5982: 5977: 5976: 5973: 5967: 5963: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5940: 5936: 5931: 5930: 5917: 5912: 5905: 5900: 5894:, p. 92. 5893: 5888: 5886: 5878: 5873: 5866: 5861: 5854: 5849: 5842: 5837: 5830: 5825: 5818: 5813: 5805: 5799: 5795: 5788: 5780: 5779: 5774: 5768: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5701: 5700: 5695: 5689: 5673: 5669: 5668: 5663: 5656: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5626: 5610: 5606: 5605:New Scientist 5602: 5596: 5588: 5584: 5577: 5573: 5572: 5567: 5565: 5556: 5541: 5537: 5531: 5515: 5509: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5479: 5477: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5441: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5362: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5328: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5285: 5269: 5265: 5259: 5252: 5247: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5206: 5198: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5141: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5110: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5069: 5061: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5020: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4977: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4936:(7116): 164. 4935: 4931: 4927: 4920: 4904: 4900: 4899: 4894: 4887: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4809: 4802: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4780: 4771: 4763: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4742: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4712: 4704: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4661: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4631: 4623: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4577: 4568: 4560: 4553: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4526: 4519: 4518:Fletcher 2001 4514: 4512: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4475: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4454: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4432: 4428: 4421: 4414: 4409: 4407: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4363: 4361: 4353: 4348: 4346: 4337: 4331: 4327: 4320: 4318: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4278: 4271: 4266: 4258: 4251: 4249: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4213: 4211: 4203: 4198: 4196: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4136: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4083: 4081: 4072: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4006: 4002: 3993: 3985: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3928: 3922: 3918: 3911: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3876: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3825: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3790: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3747: 3745: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3671: 3655: 3651: 3645: 3629: 3625: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3606: 3604: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3568: 3560: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3526: 3519: 3517: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3481: 3474: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3456: 3444: 3436: 3429: 3421: 3413: 3411: 3395: 3391: 3384: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3297: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3221: 3213: 3209: 3203: 3187: 3183: 3177: 3169: 3162: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3088: 3080: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3046: 3040: 3035: 3034: 3025: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2939: 2931: 2927: 2921: 2917: 2916: 2908: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2861: 2853: 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E. 2586: 2585:Groves, C. P. 2580: 2572: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2557: 2552: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2529: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2514:Wilson, D. 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The SIVgor 1594: 1590: 1586: 1585:G. g. gorilla 1582: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1549: 1548:Robert Yerkes 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1522: 1519:The explorer 1514: 1509: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1473: 1470: 1465: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1444: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1423:sign language 1420: 1411: 1406: 1400: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1377: 1374: 1369: 1368:vocalisations 1362: 1355:Communication 1352: 1348: 1340: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1324: 1316: 1307: 1303: 1295: 1291: 1289: 1283: 1275: 1269: 1265: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1233: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1209: 1204: 1194: 1190: 1182: 1178: 1170: 1156: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1133: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1004: 995: 991: 989: 985: 981: 972: 963: 962: 956: 953: 947: 941: 938: 934: 927: 923: 922:G. g. gorilla 920: 917: 913: 910: 909: 897: 891: 888: 886: 884: 879: 875: 872: 863: 862: 856: 853: 849: 845: 839: 833: 830: 826: 819: 815: 814:G. b. graueri 812: 809: 805: 802: 801: 789: 784: 781: 779: 777: 772: 768: 751: 745: 740: 739: 738: 730: 728: 724: 709: 708: 700: 699: 691: 690: 682: 681: 673: 672: 669: 667: 666: 658: 657: 654: 653: 650: 648: 647: 642: 636: 635: 629: 628: 625: 624: 621: 620: 618: 610: 609: 603: 602: 599: 598: 595: 593: 590: (genus 589: 583: 582: 576: 575: 572: 571: 568: 566: 560: 559: 552: 551: 547: 546: 541: 538: 536: 531: 521: 519: 515: 512: 511:Ancient Greek 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 487: 485: 481: 469: 464: 462: 461:Andrew Battel 457: 455: 451: 447: 443: 435: 431: 425: 415: 413: 409: 404: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 377:cloud forests 374: 371:inhabits the 370: 366: 362: 357: 355: 352: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 279: 278:Pseudogorilla 276: 275: 273: 270: 266: 261: 257: 252: 249: 248: 247: 242: 241: 235: 230: 225: 220: 219: 214: 211: 207: 202: 197: 196: 192: 189: 188: 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9868: 9863:Erythrocebus 9861: 9854: 9847: 9840: 9833: 9804: 9797: 9790: 9783: 9773: 9768:Rhinocolobus 9766: 9756: 9749: 9742: 9737:Piliocolobus 9735: 9728: 9718: 9708: 9703:Microcolobus 9701: 9693:Mesopithecus 9691: 9683:Libypithecus 9681: 9671: 9661: 9651: 9644: 9621: 9614: 9608:Prohylobates 9606: 9598: 9593:Noropithecus 9591: 9568: 9531: 9524: 9517: 9510: 9503: 9496: 9489: 9482: 9475:Crouzeliidae 9462: 9455: 9437:Pliopithecus 9435: 9428: 9408: 9398: 9391: 9364: 9357: 9334: 9327: 9322:Catopithecus 9320: 9297: 9287: 9184: 9177: 9167: 9160: 9153: 9146: 9139: 9132: 9112: 9105: 9098: 9088: 9078: 9070:Dolichocebus 9068: 9058: 9051: 9028: 9018: 9008: 8998: 8988: 8981: 8971: 8964: 8954: 8944: 8934: 8927: 8920: 8900: 8890: 8880: 8870: 8863: 8856: 8846: 8838:Mazzonicebus 8836: 8826: 8816: 8806: 8799: 8794:Cebupithecia 8792: 8782: 8772: 8765: 8760:Antillothrix 8758: 8735: 8725: 8705: 8695: 8685: 8675: 8667:Perupithecus 8665: 8655: 8618: 8611: 8606:Parapithecus 8604: 8597: 8590: 8570: 8563: 8543: 8536: 8509: 8502: 8495: 8488: 8481: 8473: 8466: 8443: 8436: 8429: 8406: 8399: 8376:Phileosimias 8374: 8363: 8353: 8343: 8334:Altiatlasius 8332: 8236:Xanthorhysis 8234: 8224: 8219:Oligotarsius 8217: 8207: 8197: 8190: 8167: 8156: 8146: 8132:Tarsiiformes 8111: 8104: 8097: 8077: 8070: 8063: 8056: 8049: 8042: 8035: 8028: 8021: 8014: 8007: 8000: 7995:Macrotarsius 7993: 7986: 7979: 7972: 7965: 7958: 7951: 7944: 7937: 7930: 7923: 7916: 7909: 7887: 7880: 7873: 7866: 7859: 7852: 7847:Strigorhysis 7845: 7840:Sphacorhysis 7838: 7831: 7824: 7819:Chlororhysis 7817: 7810: 7803: 7796: 7789: 7782: 7760: 7753: 7746: 7739: 7732: 7725: 7720:Microchoerus 7718: 7711: 7704: 7684: 7677: 7671:Altiatlasius 7669: 7661: 7272: 7213:Nim Chimpsky 6814:Research ban 6774:Elgin Center 6759:Willie Smits 6734:Jane Goodall 6680: 6670: 6660: 6649: 6641: 6631: 6621: 6620: 6612: 6602: 6591: 6583: 6572: 6480: 6462: 6450: 6449:Chimpanzee ( 6441: 6426: 6405: 6396: 6379: 6378: 6353: 6344: 6335: 6325:(Orangutans) 6317: 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Retrieved 2219:the original 2214: 2166: 2162: 2153: 2145:the original 2135: 2102: 2096: 2092: 2086: 2077: 2071: 2025:Gorilla suit 1999: 1993: 1987: 1981: 1975: 1969: 1963: 1941: 1934: 1928: 1918: 1912: 1906: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1853:Albert Jenks 1850: 1831: 1780: 1768: 1726: 1698: 1694: 1662: 1647: 1606: 1584: 1579: 1567: 1564:Louis Leakey 1555:World War II 1552: 1543: 1536:Mary Bradley 1525: 1518: 1497: 1493: 1479: 1466: 1446: 1416: 1393:Intelligence 1387: 1378: 1365: 1349: 1345: 1325: 1321: 1304: 1300: 1284: 1280: 1239: 1230: 1214: 1191: 1187: 1175: 1153: 1138: 1110: 1102:type O blood 1095: 1080: 1060: 1054: 1046: 1013:Colin Groves 1009: 992: 979: 977: 964: 958: 951: 945: 939: 921: 912:G. g. diehli 911: 889: 880: 864: 858: 843: 837: 831: 813: 803: 782: 773: 753:Common name 736: 735: 734: 719: 663: 661: 644: 639: 616: 614: 613: 591: 586: 563: 527: 517: 514: 506: 488: 477: 466: 458: 450:Sierra Leone 442:Carthaginian 429: 427: 405: 358: 348: 314: 313: 290: 289: 281:Elliot, 1913 277: 244: 238: 237: 216: 210:Type species 194: 193: 150:Infraorder: 68: 43: 10967:iNaturalist 10874:Wikispecies 10315:Hylobatidae 10005:Rungwecebus 9870:Miopithecus 9856:Chlorocebus 9785:Sawecolobus 9720:Paracolobus 9484:Anapithecus 9400:Paidopithex 9155:Leontocebus 9090:Panamacebus 9000:Paralouatta 8936:Brachyteles 8828:Insulacebus 8748:Pitheciidae 8687:Canaanimico 8640:Platyrrhini 8592:Abuqatrania 8408:Afrotarsius 8313:Simiiformes 8300:Simiiformes 8252:Simiiformes 8106:Tarkadectes 7946:Diablomomys 7925:Brontomomys 7861:Teilhardina 7805:Arapahovius 7798:Anemorhysis 7762:Vectipithex 7755:Quercyloris 7748:Pseudoloris 7727:Nannopithex 7713:Melaneremia 7351:John Daniel 7188:Macaco Tião 7173:Little Mama 7148:Jo Mendi II 7065:Chimpanzees 6904:(non-human) 6868:(non-human) 6862:(non-human) 6769:Ian Redmond 6724:Dian Fossey 6671:P. pygmaeus 6632:G. beringei 6603:P. paniscus 6565:ape species 6442:P. paniscus 6397:G. beringei 6345:P. pygmaeus 6159:Smithsonian 5447:Zoo Biology 5412:Zoo Biology 5372:Zoo Biology 5333:Zoo Biology 5179:10261/80788 4821:: 177–197. 4751:Troglodytes 4588:(1): 6879. 4538:(1–2): 89. 4294:(1): 1–30. 4225:(1): 1–18. 3451:|work= 3330:Zoo Biology 2001:Donkey Kong 1986:(1988) and 1971:Son of Kong 1933:(1930) and 1902:The Gorilla 1871:; the root 1857:Bulu people 1765:Ebola virus 1591:origins of 1574:Dian Fossey 1528:Carl Akeley 1492:in 1847 in 1288:infanticide 1246:chimpanzees 1145:tributaries 1141:Congo River 1019:, northern 783:G. beringei 518:(gorillai) 440:500 BC), a 344:chimpanzees 295:herbivorous 201:I. Geoffroy 170:Subfamily: 154:Simiiformes 18:Silverbacks 11080:Categories 10149:Equatorius 10108:Hominoidea 10095:Hominoidea 10054:see below↓ 10045:Hominoidea 9941:Mandrillus 9927:Lophocebus 9900:Cercocebus 9751:Procolobus 9512:Fanchangia 9268:Catarrhini 9255:Catarrhini 9214:see below↓ 9205:Catarrhini 9141:Callithrix 9080:Killikaike 8983:Mohanamico 8966:Chilecebus 8892:Soriacebus 8858:Nuciruptor 8818:Homunculus 8808:Chiropotes 8801:Cheracebus 8784:Carlocebus 8774:Callicebus 8737:Tremacebus 8707:Lagonimico 8697:Branisella 8677:Szalatavus 8504:Pondaungia 8422:Eosimiidae 8261:see below↓ 8148:Archicebus 8030:Shoshonius 7974:Hemiacodon 7953:Dyseolemur 7939:Chumashius 7882:Trogolemur 7875:Tetonoides 7784:Absarokius 7734:Necrolemur 7679:Bownomomys 7631:Haplorhini 7586:Haplorhini 7499:Joe Martin 7461:Orangutans 7163:Kokomo Jr. 7055:Panbanisha 6918:Monkey Day 6908:Great apes 6809:Personhood 6642:G. gorilla 6609:Chimpanzee 6584:H. sapiens 6481:H. sapiens 6406:G. gorilla 6386:(Gorillas) 6290:Haplorhini 6288:Suborder: 6251:Hominidae 6181:Genome of 6169:Genome of 5971:0521019869 5645:9 December 5545:14 January 5274:18 January 4836:10214/7693 4755:T. gorilla 4731:18 October 4335:0395282179 4270:Watts 2001 3399:26 January 3208:"Gorillas" 3192:10 October 2303:"Γόριλλαι" 2204:Groves, C. 2063:References 2056:Monkey Day 1855:noted the 1729:endangered 1681:coprophagy 1462:great apes 1427:great apes 1403:See also: 1382:ritualized 1201:See also: 1091:handedness 1033:overweight 890:G. gorilla 588:orangutans 456:, 146 BC. 454:Punic Wars 422:See also: 412:Endangered 328:subspecies 299:great apes 144:Haplorhini 140:Suborder: 11091:Gorillini 10618:Gorillini 10548:Homininae 10391:Hominidae 10341:Hylobates 10220:Proconsul 9978:Pliopapio 9968:Parapapio 9891:Papionini 9758:Pygathrix 9744:Presbytis 9634:Colobinae 9533:Pliobates 9498:Crouzelia 9299:Saadanius 9134:Callimico 9053:Acrecebus 9030:Stirtonia 8973:Lagothrix 8956:Cartelles 8902:Xenothrix 8657:Parvimico 8183:Tarsiidae 8170:Omomyidae 8065:Washakius 8051:Uintanius 8002:Nesomomys 7932:Chipetaia 7918:Asiomomys 7901:Omomyinae 7854:Tatmanius 7812:Aycrossia 7741:Paraloris 7706:Indusomys 7648:Omomyidae 7596:Kingdom: 7514:Ken Allen 7451:Willie B. 7426:Snowflake 7406:Pattycake 7321:Gargantua 7291:Binti Jua 7228:Panpanzee 6799:Legal and 6661:P. abelii 6651:Orangutan 6370:Homininae 6336:P. abelii 6300:Hominidae 6264:Kingdom: 6106:Factsheet 5953:863158343 5759:202289674 5583:cite iucn 5540:cites.org 4845:143950182 4532:Behaviour 3660:8 October 3453:ignored ( 3443:cite book 3373:5 January 2801:24 August 2706:24 August 2288:221732306 2183:143874276 2127:162671887 2105:: 43–66. 1960:the Flash 1952:DC Comics 1927:cartoons 1896:King Kong 1669:disorders 1643:Basel Zoo 1633:Captivity 1253:Behaviour 1017:Alimbongo 530:Homininae 428:The word 385:sea level 184:Gorillini 174:Homininae 164:Hominidae 100:Kingdom: 94:Eukaryota 39:Guerrilla 11086:Gorillas 11011:12100787 10859:Wikidata 10830:Primates 10684:Hominina 10660:Hominini 10577:Danuvius 10453:Ponginae 10412:Buronius 10358:Nomascus 10297:Simiolus 9186:Saguinus 9148:Cebuella 9100:Patasola 9020:Solimoea 8922:Alouatta 8913:Atelidae 8865:Pithecia 8613:Qatrania 8538:Arsinoea 8438:Eosimias 8072:Wyomomys 8037:Steinius 8023:Rooneyia 7981:Jemezius 7889:Walshina 7868:Tetonius 7826:Gazinius 7686:Kohatius 7663:Altanius 7616:Primates 7610:Mammalia 7604:Chordata 7602:Phylum: 7598:Animalia 7273:Gorillas 7118:Gregoire 6956:Category 6877:Bushmeat 6513:Category 6470:(Humans) 6440:Bonobo ( 6418:Hominini 6309:Ponginae 6284:Primates 6278:Mammalia 6272:Chordata 6270:Phylum: 6266:Animalia 6140:Archived 6109:Archived 5775:(1861). 5745:: 1–40. 5705:10 March 5672:Archived 5639:Archived 5609:Archived 5492:Archived 5467:24715297 5432:22038867 5392:26094937 5353:21563213 5268:BBC News 5238:Archived 5234:85141639 5197:22398555 5124:Archived 5101:18086407 5060:11405934 5011:76837833 5003:19648927 4968:27475571 4960:17093443 4903:Archived 4849:Archived 4725:Archived 4703:16187795 4650:22 March 4644:Archived 4622:33833252 4431:NBC News 4397:85023681 4389:31952383 4308:24667667 4288:Primates 4219:Ethology 4186:21995743 4178:25063274 4117:21216499 4109:12942370 4089:Primates 4049:34282175 3984:36147956 3946:iScience 3902:17902166 3867:85569302 3859:31941221 3816:22587913 3781:84681736 3773:31937009 3705:Archived 3628:Archived 3586:Archived 3567:Gorillas 3507:33021914 3493:: 1–14. 3487:Primates 3360:20853409 3253:29344933 3016:85136825 3008:31924084 2930:Archived 2915:Gorillas 2899:29723690 2891:16412845 2852:25534031 2795:Archived 2700:Archived 2613:62265494 2587:(2005). 2553:(1987). 2459:21074627 2399:32184430 2391:16395594 2356:12644563 2206:(2002). 2015:Bili ape 2008:See also 1989:Instinct 1980:(1949), 1974:(1933), 1939:(1944). 1917:(1943), 1911:(1942), 1834:Lebialem 1789:and the 1753:bushmeat 1751:for the 1749:poaching 1593:HIV/AIDS 1589:zoonotic 1566:and the 1496:, where 1437:Tool use 1226:tool use 1143:and its 1068:mandible 1029:Cameroon 984:trinomen 966:Unknown 948:: Forest 840:: Forest 788:Matschie 744:Geoffroy 516:Γόριλλαι 471:— 459:In 1625 375:montane 354:primates 322:and the 291:Gorillas 269:Synonyms 232:Species 160:Family: 134:Primates 124:Mammalia 114:Chordata 110:Phylum: 104:Animalia 90:Domain: 49:Gorilla 10985:1435397 10959:2436440 10894:Gorilla 10880:Gorilla 10850:Gorilla 10745:Orrorin 10638:Gorilla 10334:Hoolock 9710:Nasalis 9653:Colobus 9179:Micodon 9114:Sapajus 9107:Saimiri 9041:Cebidae 8990:Oreonax 8946:Caipora 8767:Cacajao 8718:Aotidae 8599:Apidium 8572:Serapia 8545:Biretia 8431:Bahinia 8401:Afrasia 8365:Nosmips 8345:Amamria 8226:Tarsius 8192:Carlito 8113:Tarkops 8079:Yaquius 8044:Stockia 8016:Ourayia 7988:Loveina 7614:Order: 7608:Class: 7489:Chantek 7474:Ah Meng 7421:Shabani 7386:Michael 7331:Harambe 7238:Santino 7098:Bubbles 7037:Bonobos 6872:Bigfoot 6855:Primate 6848:Related 6622:Gorilla 6479:Human ( 6380:Gorilla 6282:Order: 6276:Class: 6176:Ensembl 6104:Gorilla 5935:Gorilla 5615:10 July 5520:12 June 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