Silesian Autonomy Movement

888:, as the main inspirations for the movement. According to Gorzelik, these two parties had risen at the time when Silesians already emphasised their regional identity beyond the division into Poles, Germans and Czechs. The struggle between Poland, Germany and Czechoslovakia for the ownership of the region resulted in indifference amongst the population, with many identifying themselves exclusively as Silesians and being ready to join whichever nation would give Silesia the greatest autonomy. Silesian Autonomy Movement therefore defines contemporary Silesian identity as inherently pluralist, with Gorzelik stating that "The concept adopted by the animators of the Silesian national movement is at odds with the monistic image of culture and identity propagated by integral nationalism. This is because it assumes multiculturalism. A Silesian is part Czech, part Moravian, part German or part Pole, without having to become any of them. Diversity is therefore at the centre of the Silesian national ideology, and its affirmation becomes the essence of Silesianness." As such, the party affirms that Silesian identity is completely compatible with Polish and European identity as well. 999:

in Poland, Silesia and Poland at large found itself in slow decline, characterized by "emigration, environmental degradation, the selling off of assets and the death of hundreds of industrial plants industries". The party believes that the "central management" of Poland had been a "spectacular failure", and that "all attempts to rebuild a regional identity are sought to disgust the people of Silesia, because a mob without its own convictions is easier to steer to keep the tax stream flowing in the right direction." RAŚ is also critical of what it described as attempts to deflect the culpability of Silesian oppression from Poland to communism. According to RAŚ, it was Polish nationalism rather than communism that fuelled the anti-Silesian policies, arguing that Polish communism was mixed with nationalism in varying proportions, and because of that pursued a nationally homogenous state, which the capitalist Poland continues to pursue. The party also noted that communism recognizes the existence of nations and their relevance to class conflicts, and that in itself communism is not cosmopolitan either.

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century saw a generational change in the party's authorities. The members of the new party structures felt that the organic statute of 1920 corresponded to that reality, but that in the 21st century the situation required solutions that moved with the times. An expression of these trends was the new draft organic statute for Silesia, which was announced in 2010. According to the new draft, the autonomous unit would be called the Autonomous Region of Upper Silesia, which would form part of the territory of the Republic of Poland. Executive authority would be exercised by a prime minister together with a government, elected by a bicameral parliament. The government thus elected would be appointed by the president of the Republic of Poland. In addition to these political institutions, the region is to have its own administrative court, the Upper Silesian Administrative Court, whose president would be appointed by the President of Poland. The seat of the court would be in Opole.

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in Silesian mines and factories - they had a bad reputation and were associated with brawls, drunkenness and theft, which alienated the local Silesian population. Silesians believed that they were a nation on their own and distanced themselves from Poland, often arguing that Silesian people have more in common with Germany than Poland. Szerzej Dobrowolski observed: "Our people are more similar to the German people with whom they neighbour to the west than to the Polish people in Galicia . This mixed Silesian nationality is the necessary result of the historical development which our people have undergone; centuries ago they were separated from Poland, came under much better German rule, and, preserving their original language, acquired through contact with high German civilisation those qualities which make them superior to the people still under Polish rule".

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organised by regionalist groups, e.g. the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) entitled "Europa ante su futuro", where the situation of regionalists in Poland was presented. A group of RAŚ youth activists visited the Basque Country in 2010, where they represented Silesia at a convention of youth organisations on the 'Right to self-determination of communities in contemporary Europe'. The event was organised by Euzko Gaztedi, the youth branch of the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV). Where the Silesian Autonomy Movement does not have legal representation, its members set up organisations and websites dedicated to the idea of autonomy in Upper Silesia: Initiative für Autonomie Schlesiens e.V. (Germany), Silesian Autonomy Movement UK (UK) and Bevegelsen for Autonomia Silesia (Norway).

921:, RAŚ stated: "Among Upper Silesian autonomists, this sympathy is often reinforced by the conviction that the EU is exceptionally pro-regional, contrasted in this narrative with the more supposedly centralist nation-states. Reality, however, prompts a revision of this view." The party argues that the European Union has failed to put any pressure on its nation states to share power more equally with the regions and respect the aspirations of regional cultures, and instead autonomous regions only exists because of some member states having and retaining their tradition of pluralism and power disperson. RAŚ believes that the European Union has amassed too much power and control over the member states' sovereignty, which runs contrary to the demands of Silesian regionalism: 546:

decision was motivated by a desire to obtain the status of a national minority and thus to receive, like the German minority, a guaranteed pool of seats in parliament. Between 1997 and 2004, the founding committee was headed by the later chairman of the Silesian Autonomy Movement, Jerzy Gorzelik. In 2004, Silesian nationalist activists led by Andrzej Roczniok took over. Since then, relations between the two organisations have deteriorated. RAŚ activists claim that the ZLNŚ extreme harms the idea of regionalism. This was particularly evident in the RAŚ authorities' comments on the controversial statements made by the chairman of the Union of Silesian Nationalities, Andrzej Roczniok. Radical regionalists such as Dariusz Jerczyński would go on to create the

565:, the recommendation of the Silesian Autonomy Movement was received by the candidates running on the PSL list for the Sejm in the Katowice constituency - Dietmar Brehmer (German Minority) and Grzegorz Juranek.The Senate candidate supported by RAŚ was Cecylia Machulska. In the Gliwice district, the regionalists formed the Autonomy for Upper Silesia Electoral Committee.The Senate candidate from this list was Jerzy Bogacki, vice-chairman of RAŚ. Regionalists also tried to get into the Sejm in this constituency from the PSL lists. In the Rybnik district, four candidates ran for the Sejm from the PSL lists, and Rudolf Kołodziejczyk, founder of RAŚ and ZLNŚ, ran for the Senate. None of them received a sufficient number of votes to enter parliament. 926:

leaving Poland out of the Union - it could have been supplemented by monetary autonomy, so the right to issue one's own currency, which - astonishing nowadays - was not at all exotic in the not so distant past, as it was still demanded 20 years ago by the young Donald Tusk for a future autonomous Kashubia. Unfortunately, this is impossible today - not only the regions, but even the central banks of those EU countries that have already managed to join the Eurozone do not enjoy independence in monetary policy. Poland will sooner or later join them. One currency, one tax system and economic policy for the entire continent, all implemented in the privacy of offices by officials anonymous to most citizens.

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like it or not, the political map of Europe is not yet complete. Its future edition will include, in place of Spain, among others, Baskonia, Navarre, Catalonia, in place of Poland, Mazovia, Kuyavia, Warmia, Masuria, Greater Poland and Silesia. A continent thus united would be freed from all the conflicts into which the nation-states born by the 19th century had fallen. (...) It will be a Europe of peoples: Silesians, Moravians, Lusatians, Scots, Bretons, Basques, etc., i.e. a Europe returning to its roots. The RAŚ is already working for such a Europe, maintaining extensive contacts abroad, participating in international meetings and conferences.

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Poland is to become a decentralised state. The RAŚ is "part of the European family of parties, regionalist and autonomist movements, and advocates a Europe of regions, according to the concept of a 'Europe of 100 flags'." The Europe of 100 flags as envisioned by Silesian Autonomy Movement would include replacing the nation-states of contemporary Europe such as Poland and Spain with regionalised, sovereign nations, such as Silesia, Moravia, Lusatia, Scotland, Brittany, Basque Country, Catalonia, Bavaria and Wales. The party also supports the autonomist and regionalist efforts of other nations in Poland, such as Kashubia and Masuria.

596:, the Silesian Autonomy Movement, received around 123,000 votes, which amounted to the 8.49% of the popular vote, in the Silesian Voivodeship. The best result was achieved in the Chrzanów (17.5%), Katowice (16%) and Rybnik (14.6%) districts. In the district council of Rybnik, RAŚ won as much as 25.6% of the votes. This allowed for the introduction of three representatives to the Provincial Assembly; in addition, the party gained 40 councillor seats in the Silesian Voivodeship. Gorzelik, the party leader, became deputy speaker of the Silesian Sejmik. Silesian Autonomy Movement formed a regional coalition together with 471:

the central authorities to change their attitude to Silesia. The association called for the restoration of the pre-war autonomy of Upper Silesia. It proposed, following the model of Western European regionalism, the introduction of strong autonomous provinces in Poland, which would be financially independent of the central government and would decide their own affairs independently. In 1993, RAŚ became a member of the League of Regions, an organisation postulating the division of Poland into 12 autonomous regions (its members also include the Upper Silesian Association, the Podhale Association and the

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publicise this topic. Around 1,700 were polled by the party, and it was found that 96,4% of participants supported Silesian autonomy. Polish political scientist Grzegorz Węgrzyn noted that polls conducted by the media in the 1990s showed a somewhat similar proportion of support, with support for autonomy reaching 70% of those surveyed. He also stated that "just as the census made many inhabitants of Upper Silesia aware of the possibility of an option other than Polish or German, the activities of the RAŚ introduced the issue of autonomy into the social discourse, both regionally and nationally."

829: 518:, which was to be funded from local taxes. Most of the tax revenue from the Silesian Voivodeship (up to 60%) was to remain in the region. Another initiative was the idea of reactivating the Silesian Sejm as a regional legislature and a popularly elected provincial governor - the regional executive. All but the last of these postulates was in fact a demand for a return to the 1920 legal status. A new idea was the direct election of a voivode, who in the pre-war Silesian Voivodeship was appointed by the president of the Republic of Poland upon the proposal of the Prime Minister. 931:

which in its 2011 program included a proposal to significantly decentralise the disposal of public funds to local governments, as well as one to cede various powers of the central government to local ones. The Silesian Autonomy Movement argues that just like Bavaria, Silesia should have a separate and unique political partisan system, have its own, separate constitution that would be approved by Silesians in a referendum, have freedom to determine its own judicial and devolution systems, as well as have rights to influence the constitution and Sejm of Poland itself.

558:(PSL). This took place, among others, in the constituency comprising the districts of Mikołów, Racibórz, Rybnik and Wodzisław. As a result of an agreement concluded by the autonomists with the PSL as well as the Trade Union of Volunteer Fire Brigades, three candidates of the Silesian Autonomy Movement were on the lists for the Senate, and two for the Sejm. In the Opole Voivodeship, autonomy supporters ran from the lists of the German minority. The strategy of the autonomists did not bring the expected results, as none of the candidates was elected. 454:

and Germany. Each side promised Silesia wide autonomy within their own state. The Sejm of the Republic of Poland passed the Constitutional Act containing the Organic Statute of the Silesian Voivodeship on 15 July 1920. In turn, the Reichstag Act of 27 November 1920 on Upper Silesia provided that within two months from the date of the German takeover of the plebiscite area, a referendum would be held in the entire Upper Silesian province on the creation of an Upper Silesian state within the Reich. To this end, many Silesians partook in the

486:. There were 15 founders of the Silesian Autonomy Movement, composed of Catholic priest as well as Silesian social activists associated with the Catholic Church. The first ideological declaration of the RAŚ from 1990 was named "Movement for the Full Autonomy of Silesia", and focused fully on postulates for restoring the interwar autonomy of Silesia. The Silesian Autonomy Movement became a registered political association a year later, on 19 February 1991. The party co-organized the First Congress of the League of Regions in 45: 256: 991:, the party included plans to phase out coal in its election program, despite the economic reliance of Silesia on this resource. In addition, the Silesian Autonomy Movement campaigned against unjust wealth redistribution in the socioeconomic sense, while also postulating regional redistribution. For the latter, the party used the slogan "Silesian Money for Silesian People”, inspired directly by the slogan “It’s Scotland’s Oil!” used by left-leaning 7219: 1991: 1772: 5663: 530:(EFA) - a supranational representation of dozens of regional (separatist) movements seeking the abolition of the nation state. The European Free Alliance advocates a Europe of One Hundred Flags - because in their view - there are at least 100 nations and ethnic groups in Europe. The European Free Alliance advocates the establishment of constituencies for the European Parliament that correspond to the principles of regionalism. 5714: 1158: 717: 688: 542:- 3.46%. The elections to the Silesian Voivodeship were held in 2006. By 2010, the autonomists had won elections in, among others, two rural municipalities (Lyski and Godów municipalities), and had several councillors in the Municipal Council in Czerwionka Leszczyny. They also co-governed the Rybnik district, where Krzysztof Kluczniok, chairman of the RAŚ in 1999–2002, was deputy mayor between 2006 and 2010. 467:

municipal elections of 19 November 1926, also known as the second Silesian plebiscite. At that time, the majority of seats were won by German groupings, e.g. in Katowice - 56.7%, in Świętochłowice - 54.3%, and in Królewska Huta (Chorzów) - as much as 70.3%. Upper Silesians voted for German minority groupings (the German minority accounted for approximately 7% of the population of the Silesian Voivodeship).

815: 791: 777: 763: 749: 735: 297: 441:, whose political goal was to promote regional culture and defend against Polish nationalism. After the First World War, states began to make claims to Silesian lands on the international arena. Silesian politicians did not look passively at the development of events, and in 1919, on the initiative of Edward Latacz and brothers Tomasz and Jan Regink, the 1889:"On the one hand it proves how contumely and effrontery are Silesian separatists, on the other Polish media can play a positive role only if they want to oppose such iniquity, such defamation of the fallen Poles from the German hands during the II World War. One must want and can place a dam on this pro-German effrontery." 1033:(PNV), came to Katowice at the invitation of the RAŚ. During the visit, the future of Katowice was discussed, and comparisons were made between the path that the two industrial cities have travelled and the impact that the acquisition of political and fiscal autonomy has had on the development of Bilbao. 2249:

Magdalena Solska (2020) outlines how two kinds of populism exist in Silesia – a left-wing progressive regionalist variant, and a right-wing national conservative kind (echoing the historic division between the 'chadecja' and 'sanacja' narratives of Silesia mentioned earlier) – the type this thesis is

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Candidates in the towns, cities, communes or municipalities majors: Gmina Godów - 90.3%, Gmina Lyski - 64.67%, Mysłowice - 9.79%, Ruda Śląska - 7.75%, Chorzów - 7.61%, Rybnik - 3.78%. RAŚ in comparison with the other parties did not have a developed election campaign, moreover, RAŚ is not a political

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In its publications, RAŚ compares Silesia to Bavaria, especially in terms of unique cultures and national separation, as well as in that the party believes that Silesia should have autonomy comparable to that of Bavaria. It cites the old programs of Polish parties, such as that of the Civic Platform,

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An unfavourable international situation, opposition from France and the actions of Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia led to the collapse of separatist Silesian project and the division of Silesia. Before this happened, however, a battle for the support of the Silesian population was fought by Poland

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wrote: "Silesian people shun from the Polish population". In Silesia at the end of the 19th century, the term Pole was offensive, and associated with groups of 'vagabonds' to the inhabitants of towns. Stereotypically, Poles were associated with migrant workers from Galicia, employed for manual labour

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For years, the key economic demand of the RAŚ has been fiscal autonomy. Meanwhile, the logic of EU development is now leading to depriving not only the regions, but also the nation-states, of it. What is more, under more favourable conditions - i.e. if the Poles had made a better choice in May 2003,

840:, known for his controversial statements regarding the historical relations between Silesia and Poland. One of his most known statements include "To give Poland Silesia is like giving a monkey a watch, and after eighty years one can see that the monkey broke the watch." (paraphrase of a statement by 445:

was established in Bytom, which postulated the creation of an independent state in Upper Silesia with two official languages, Polish and German. After establishing contacts with Kożdoń's supporters, they wanted to include the lands of Cieszyn Silesia, Opava Silesia and the Sudetenland. The new state

1958:

I do solemnly swear to honestly and diligently carry out my duties to the Polish nation, to protect the sovereignty and the interests of the Polish State, to do everything for the prosperity of the Fatherland, for the community of the autonomous government of the Voivodeship and for the good of its

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The party itself also noted sharing many similarities with the proposals of left-wing parties, with RAŚ highlighting, amongst others, its fierce opposition to conscription and draft, instead arguing for a strictly voluntary army. The party also stated that after the downfall of the socialist system

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In the future Europe, the nation-states, having brought about the unification of the continent, will recede into the background and the regions will take the first row. Matters affecting Europeans will be decided almost at home - in Bavaria, in Wales, in Silesia, in Greater Poland (...). Whether we

533:

In 2002, the Silesian Autonomy Movement fielded 14 candidates in Katowice constituency no. 572. In the elections to the Silesian Sejmik it did not exceed 5% (in this district 5% - 62,674 votes), 53,118 votes were cast for the RAŚ list. The situation was similar in 2006, when the Electoral Committee

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The Silesian Autonomy Movement, as an organisation claiming to represent the interests of the region and the ethnic group, initially demanded in its political programme that the organic statute of the Silesian Voivodeship from 1920 be restored. The statute was abolished in 1945 by a decision of the

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The revival of Silesian regionalism did not take place until after 1989, with the collapse of the communist regime in Poland. According to some Silesians, the political breakthrough did not bring the expected changes. In 1990, the Silesian Autonomy Movement was founded, with the main aim of forcing

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After a part of Upper Silesia was annexed to Poland, separatist activity waned. The newly created Silesian Voivodeship became an arena of struggle between German and Polish influences, with no room for a third force. Silesians were forced to take one side or the other, because, as the then Silesian

3425:„Uroczyście ślubuję rzetelnie i sumiennie wykonywać obowiązki wobec Narodu Polskiego, strzec suwerenności i interesów Państwa Polskiego, czynić wszystko dla pomyślności Ojczyzny, wspólnoty samorządowej województwa i dobra obywateli, przestrzegać Konstytucji i innych praw Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej." 1661:

In the 2024 elections, the party tried to enter the Silesian Regional Assembly and thus gain at least one seat. The Silesian Autonomy Movement did not run on the list of the Silesian Regional Party and instead registered its own electoral committee and electoral lists. However, the party failed to

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The Silesian Autonomy Movement cooperates with like-minded organisations advocating a decentralised Europe in which most of the competences of the nation-states will be transferred to the historic regions. They envisage a Europe of peoples: Silesians, Moravians, Lusatians, Scots, Bretons, Basques.

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In 1999, the Silesian Autonomy Movement became a member of the League of Regions, an organisation advocating the division of Poland into 12 autonomous or semi-independent nations. Members of the League include the Union of Greater Poland, the Upper Silesian Association, the Podhale Association and

405:. In 2019, the RAŚ signed an agreement with the Civic Coalition for elections to the Sejm and Senate, in which both parties ran on a joint list in Upper Silesia. The two parties continued to cooperate afterwards, and the secretary of RAŚ, Jacek Tomaszewski, is also a member of the Civic Coalition. 978:

Political commentators also highlighted the rhetoric used by the party, such as its pledge to end the "colonial treatment of Silesia" by Warsaw. Polish political scientist Magdalena Solska argued that the Silesian Autonomy Movement is a left-wing populist party, being an example of a "left-wing,

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The programme of the Silesian Autonomy Movement has evolved somewhat over the years, from supporting the idea of a return to pre-World War II autonomy to the project of a modern organic statute, whose authors modelled themselves on the autonomy solutions of Catalonia. The early years of the 21st

1020:

Since its inception, the Silesian Autonomy Movement has established cooperation with other European regionalists. Already in the 1990s, the Silesian Autonomy Movement cooperated with regional movements from the Czech Republic (Movement for Self-Governing Democracy - Association for Moravia and

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The Silesian Autonomy Movement is supportive of the Roman Catholic Church, and the party was founded by 15 Silesian priests and Catholic activists in January 1990. RAŚ argues that the Catholic Church used to be a "refuge of Silesianness" in the 19th century, and wishes to restore this cultural

581:, and speculatig that Silesia could become "Polish Kosovo". After the petition was ignored by Polish authorities, leader of the party Jerzy Gorzelik argued that Silesian are increasingly frustrated by policies of Polonization and exploitation of Silesia's natural resources by the Polish state. 466:

stated: "we Poles like clear-cut situations and value defined characters. That is why we respect honest Czechs and Germans, but we cannot tolerate any intermediate types". However, the policy of Polonisation was not appreciated by some Upper Silesians, which was reflected in the results of the

421:

In the Polish literature on the subject, such an attitude of the Silesian people was explained by "a lack of normal bonds with the Polish nation", which resulted, according to some authors, in "a stronger attachment to the region, regional pride". Despite the intensive activities of the Polish

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RAŚ also maintains contacts with organisations from Central Europe and Hungary from Slovakia (Party of Slovak Regions), Lusatian Serbs (Lusatian People's Party), Hungarians from Transylvania (Forum of Hungarians and Szeklers). Members of the Silesian Autonomy Movement take part in conferences

545:

The policy of supporting regionalism and explicitly excluding nationalist slogans in the programme caused some RAŚ members, for whom the issue of Silesian nationality was a priority, to establish a separate organisation - the Union of Silesian Nationalities. Some publicists believed that this

1025:(2004), co-author of the group's political programme - the Barcelona Declaration. Within this organisation, Silesian autonomists cooperate with regionalists from EU countries, mainly Scotland, Wales, Friesland, South Tyrol and Spain (Basques, Catalans). In 2008, the vice-president of Bilbao, 607:

In 2011, the Silesian Autonomy Movement organized "pre-referendums" in Lędziny, Imielin and Pszczyna, during which the inhabitants were asked the question "Are you in favour of restoring to Upper Silesia the autonomy it had in Poland in the inter-war period?", as an attempt to popularise and

1012:, RAŚ declared that the anti-Silesian or nationalist currents amongst Polish Catholics represent a minority and advises Silesians to rather listen to "the hierarchs of Rome than to those of Warsaw". The party also wrote that "The Church and regionalist tradition are inextricably linked". 357:, where the competences and sovereignty of modern states will be transferred to the regions. RAŚ considers Silesians a separate nation and promotes Silesian nationalism. The party supports regionalist and separatist movements in Europe, and has also been described as separatist itself. 1546:

The 2018 local elections were considered an electoral defeat for the party, as the party finished 8th and captured 3.10% of the popular vote in the Silesian voivodeship, which was not enough to win any seat. That election, the Silesian Autonomy Movement ran on the behalf of the

1810:

in 1921 and a subsequent League of Nations plebiscite, part of the region – including Kattowitz – was granted to Poland and the name of the city was changed to Katowice. With the transfer of the city of Katowice to Poland, the name of the club was Polonized in 1922 to

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National National Council. The party argued that this was done in violation of the provisions of the March Constitution in force at the time. The activists of the Silesian Autonomy Movement demanded in 1995, in an open letter to the president of the Republic of Poland

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writing: "RAŚ and ŚPR have adopted a more pro-European and cosmopolitan approach, although this does not involve abandoning their promotion of the traditional values of the region." However, the party also criticized support for the European Union - in its newspaper

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position of the Church. The party is strongly critical of Catholic nationalist and conservative Catholic currents in Poland, in particularly noting their hostility towards Silesian regionalism and constructing the myth of "Pole equals Catholic". In its newspaper

1551:; after the election, the leadership of the Silesian Autonomy Movement acknowledged that it was a mistake, as while the move was an attempt to unite the Silesian regionalists, it ended up confusing voters. Political commentators also noted the presence of the 908:

necessary steps towards ensuring economic prosperity of Silesia, arguing that the economy must be controlled by the local workers and community. Socially, RAŚ declares that Silesian autonomy is required for the preservation of Silesian language and culture.

2285:

The case of the Silesian Autonomy Movement (RAŚ) in Poland, and its offshoot, the recently created Silesian Regional Party (ŚPR), is analyzed by Magdalena Solska. (...) The latter are all regionalist and mainstream leftwing parties (Plaid, SNP, ERC,

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According to party's programme, autonomy should not be the exclusive prerogative of Upper Silesia, but a right of all regions, distributed according to the principles of a regional state, citing the territorial system of Spain and its tradition of

1851:

In 2010, controversy sparked over the controversial photo on the official RAŚ site. The photo itself showed a young man who held a trophy in his hand and diploma in the other while behind him was a commemorative plaque with words in German

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Masetti (2020) has examined 'neither left nor right' and 'left wing regionalist populism' of Plaid Cymru and the SNP, Solska (2020) has opted for the term 'progressive regionalist populism' to examine of the left-wing Silesian Autonomy

2484: 1929:. I did not pledge anything to Poland nor I promised anything to it so it means that I did not betray it. The state called the Republic of Poland, of which I'm a citizen, refused to give me and my friends a right to 568:

In June 2008, the RAŚ submitted a petition to the Polish prime minister's office to restore the autonomy of the Silesian Voivodeship. Heavily publicized, the petition was also reported by the Russian state newspaper

939:

The party is placed on the left side of the Polish political spectrum - Katarzyna Stelmach wrote that "in its election appeal, the party used 'equality' arguments that brought it close to the rhetoric presented by

584:

In December 2009, Silesian Autonomy Movement activists submitted a petition (signed by 5,000 people) to the Marshal of the Silesian Voivodship calling for the abandonment of plans to give the Silesian Stadium in

553:

In the elections to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and to the Senate of the Republic of Poland held on 25 September 2005, the Silesian Autonomy Movement placed its candidates on the lists of the agrarian

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area - 1.58% (actually only half of Bielsko-Biała lies within Silesia). Generally, the average result in Silesia within the Silesian Voivodeship (Katowice, Chorzów, Rybnik and Gliwice areas) was nearly 15%.

1666:, who again ran independently and won 2.34% of the popular vote. The media attributed the electoral failure of Silesian regionalists to the fact that most Polish mainstream parties pledged to recognize the 422:

national movement at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in Silesia, and Polonisation in the interwar period, there was still a large group of Silesians who thought of themselves as a separate nation.

5618: 7243: 848:) and "I am a Silesian, not a Pole, and I have not pledged to Poland, so I have not betrayed her and I do not feel obliged to be loyal to this country." Gorzelik describes the party as being "between" 534:

of the Silesian Autonomy Movement did not win any seats to the Sejmik of the Silesian Voivodeship, gaining 4.35% of the votes in the voivodeship and ranking behind PO, PiS and PSL, but ahead of

7204: 450:, whose intention was to create a free Silesian state (Freistaat Schlesien). Independence and territorial integrity were to be guaranteed by the world powers, in particular the United States. 2912: 2670:

On the value axis, RAŚ and ŚPR have adopted a more pro-European and cosmopolitan approach, although this does not involve abandoning their promotion of the traditional values of the region.

2325: 860:

in the sense of a "perennial vision of the nation as a community shaped by the forces of history", emphasising party's belief in a "strictly modern and voluntarist nationalism" instead.

2447: 1923:, the current leader and representative of the Silesian Autonomy Movement, has claimed numerous times that he is not Polish by nationality but rather "Upper Silesian". He once stated: 3183: 1952:

pledged loyalty to the Republic of Poland (before Gorzelik was elected, oaths were always sworn collectively in the Sejmik of the Silesian Voivodeship). The oath reads as follows:

3366: 2841: 561:

In 2004, the leader of RAŚ Jerzy Gorzelik also attempted to run for the European Parliament from the list of the National Electoral Committee founded by Maciej Płażyński. In the

7284: 5392: 1864:. On the sides of the commemorative plaque were Silesian and modern Germany flags. When the scandal broke, the Silesian Autonomy Movement has been accused by some of being a " 1662:

gain any seats, winning 3.21% of the popular vote, which was only slightly more than its 2018 result. The Silesian Autonomy Movement was also unable to reach angreement with

6668: 5677: 7197: 514:, that the decision of the KRN abolishing the organic statute of the Silesian Voivodeship be annulled. Referring to the law of 15 July 1920, RAŚ wanted to establish the 3154: 959:

movements in Catalonia in terms of both program and rhetoric. Silesian Autonomy Movement did declare its support for nationalist Catalan movements, and also supports

7333: 2485:"Śląskie Porozumienie Wyborcze nawiązuje współpracę z Koalicją Obywatelską. Śląski wyborca musi mieć pewność, że głos na regionalistów nie będzie głosem zmarnowanym" 4758: 446:

was to have a system similar to Switzerland. The project of the Silesian separatists was supported by industrialists and landowners including the Prince von Pless

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faltered in 1929 and was relegated from first division Polish football, descending to play in the regional Silesian league where they became champions in 1932.

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Newth, George (2021). "Populism and nativism in contemporary regionalist and nationalist politics: A minimalist framework for ideologically opposed parties".

6340: 2860: 2008: 3351: 5385: 2499: 1999: 3142: 955:

argued that RAŚ incorporates far-left elements into its rhetoric, such as the vehement opposition to Polish nationalism. The party was also compared to

458:

not for the incorporation of Silesia into Poland, but for autonomy, with most Silesians believing that autonomy within Poland would be the lesser evil.

8172: 7143: 6683: 5699: 7148: 6653: 1170: 1842:). After the German invasion of Poland which began World War II in September 1939, the team resumed play with German authorities looking to hold up 483: 6822: 6794: 6678: 6259: 5546: 7182: 1202:, gaining 8.5% of the popular vote. It is double the result of the previous elections (in 2006). It placed RAŚ after the main parties in Poland: 1187: 353:, as well as a Silesian constitution and an elected president. The party envisions an autonomous Silesia either within Poland, or as part of the 8167: 6962: 5378: 3314: 3298: 2823: 1054: 413:

Silesia had been well known for its regional sense of identity and both separatist as well as autonomists ambitions. In 1869, Polish linguist

7342: 7326: 6805: 1948:. Upon taking a councillor's seat in the Sejmik, he swore an oath (as is mandatory for every councilor of each Voivodeship Sejmik), and thus 1832:

In June 1939, the club's activities were suspended by Polish authorities when they were accused of promoting and supporting the interests of

1191: 5707: 3278: 6658: 6269: 3499: 7279: 7166: 7029: 6865: 6837: 6294: 5582: 3067:

B. Świderek, La ampliación desde el otro lado del muro: una visión desde Polonia, Europa ante su futuro : una visión desde Euskad,

2555: 2250:

concerned with. While the former is represented by the Silesian Autonomy Movement, the latter is represented by PiS's style of politics.

1253:

In districts of the Silesian Voivodeship which lie outside of the historical Silesian region RAŚ had the following support percentage:

1977:, was flamed up by some publications in "Jaskółka Śląska" - RAŚ's official magazine. Articles were published that openly called for a 6780: 6418: 6314: 1911:”. At a later press conference, the former Prime Minister said that anybody who declared their Silesian nationality was in some way “ 912:

The party has an ambiguous stance on the European Union. On one hand, it is considered pro-European with German poltiical scientist

7319: 2512:

P. Dobrowolski, Ugrupowania i kierunki separatystyczne na Górnym Śląsku i w Cieszyńskim w latach 1918–1939, Warszawa 1972, p. 32–33

7787: 6982: 6854: 6728: 5597: 4171: 8142: 8121: 7442: 7372: 7019: 6385: 6215: 6117: 6110: 5874: 5692: 5536: 5451: 1219: 1091: 845: 535: 2804: 2604: 6952: 6529: 6274: 5623: 5004: 4974: 4076: 3460: 2895: 2779: 2663: 2521:

J. Gorzelik, Ruch śląski – między nacjonalizmem i regionalizmem, Nadciągają Ślązacy, red L. Nijakowski, Warszawa 2004, p. 19

2278: 2242: 2084: 971:

in 2010 and then again in 2015. Both parties took their cooperation further in 2019 by forming joint electoral lists for the

7671: 7311: 6915: 4999: 4924: 3716: 3680: 2377: 1974: 427: 342: 573:, which was accused of attempting to discredit the Silesian Autonomy Movement by praising its support for independence of 7692: 6930: 6871: 6849: 6811: 6715: 6509: 6449: 5708: 3249: 2355: 2307: 983:, a party that ruled Poland between 2015 and 2023. She also noted that together with other left-wing parties such as the 364:. On 17 October 2009, the Silesian Autonomy Movement signed a cooperation agreement with its German sister organisation, 283: 2091:

As a result movements, such as the Silesian Autonomy Movement, or Ruch Autonomii Sląska, RAŚ, emerged with some success.

8162: 8090: 7588: 6972: 6524: 6467: 5165: 3378: 972: 798: 784: 770: 756: 742: 725: 696: 671: 642:, several candidates from the movement, including its vice president Krzysztof Kluczniok, took part in the list of the 639: 628: 617: 562: 2448:"To dobrze, że wszyscy już widzą, jakie niebezpieczeństwo niesie separatyzm RAŚ. Ale to za mało. Państwo musi działać" 1815:. That same year, the membership of the club successfully challenged the change in court and won the right to play as 1294: 7403: 7300: 7074: 6859: 6744: 6710: 6673: 6626: 6614: 6560: 6365: 6129: 5893: 5754: 5685: 4701: 3440: 2631: 2042: 1211: 1083: 941: 430:. While Silesians did not manage to create a state, they formed a clearly defined cultural and linguistic community. 3467: 1883:, a Polish politician who is a Member of the European Parliament for the Lower Silesian and Opole constituency from 7212: 3492: 495: 472: 8147: 7824: 7054: 6739: 6423: 5250: 5105: 4354: 4161: 3348: 117: 6439: 6413: 6227: 6197: 4954: 4909: 4166: 3987: 1806:

was a soccer club established in 1905 by Germans, the club played in the German football league. Following the

589:

the white and red colours, so that the seats at the venue would be in the regional colours of yellow and blue.

490:, in October 1994. The congress was attended by most major regionalist organizations in Poland, including the 8177: 7905: 7808: 7500: 6967: 6592: 6370: 5355:

are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of

5044: 5039: 4969: 4929: 4914: 4696: 4651: 4271: 3919: 2824:"Trzeba skończyć cyrk z RAŚ. Mamy jeszcze czas, aby nie narażać się na sytuację z Hiszpanii, ale zegar tyka!" 2229:. History of Science, Technology and Environment. Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology. p. 102. 2071:. History of Science, Technology and Environment. Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology. p. 100. 960: 3081: 8059: 8054: 8049: 7849: 7834: 7537: 7248: 7079: 7034: 6895: 6817: 6587: 6407: 6319: 6284: 5435: 5430: 5210: 5155: 5125: 5034: 5009: 4994: 4919: 4899: 3997: 3909: 3685: 1670:

as an official regional language in Poland, which undermined the appeal of the Silesian Autonomy Movement.

1374: 547: 104: 17: 7803: 5029: 3171: 8157: 8152: 7474: 7090: 6977: 6942: 6889: 6774: 6554: 6345: 6237: 6207: 5999: 5556: 5466: 4666: 3889: 3839: 3485: 3200: 1179: 1063: 593: 6335: 2842:"Koalicja PO-PSL-SLD z Ruchem Autonomii Śląska jest faktem. Do porozumienia parła Platforma Obywatelska" 1909:

Being a Silesian is a simple way to cut ties , and indeed could be a way to camouflage a German identity

979:

progressive regionalist populism" as contrasted with the "right-wing national conservative" populism of

7393: 7238: 6843: 6636: 6609: 6604: 6543: 6380: 6325: 5881: 5561: 4904: 3935: 2032: 1786: 1674: 1634: 1559: 1505: 1491: 1430: 1402: 1388: 1313: 952: 877: 434: 360:

The association was founded in January 1990 by Rudolf Kołodziejczyk and is based in the Polish part of

221: 1058:

The results of the elections in Polish local election 2006, divided into committees and constituencies

7479: 7004: 6957: 6876: 6787: 6597: 6519: 6487: 6309: 6254: 5633: 5602: 5486: 4198: 3894: 1223: 1143: 1095: 539: 395: 4984: 4706: 3293: 7495: 7233: 7106: 7096: 6993: 6827: 6734: 6244: 6145: 6063: 5987: 5949: 5856: 5785: 5772: 5301: 4959: 4763: 3675: 2466: 2027: 1900: 1884: 1721: 1592: 1477: 1360: 1215: 1207: 1087: 1079: 1030: 980: 964: 885: 643: 601: 555: 442: 402: 179: 161: 463: 7274: 7111: 7084: 7069: 6925: 6832: 6721: 6575: 6401: 5526: 5496: 4743: 4215: 4119: 4030: 3945: 3824: 3335: 3273: 2647: 2262: 2203: 2037: 1904: 1548: 1102:, RAŚ won 1.46% of all ballots. RAŚ won mandates in a few municipalities and county councils: in 1021:

Silesia HSD-SMS) and Italy (Piedmont League and Lombard League). RAŚ is also a co-founder of the

992: 913: 235: 214: 172: 5321: 4276: 3155:"Wybory samorządowe 2018: Śląska Partia Regionalna wybierze nowe władze po przegranych wyborach" 3131: 1869:

organization which real goal is to break the Silesia region from Poland and return it to Germany

7926: 7869: 7844: 7777: 7346: 7049: 7014: 6999: 6987: 6905: 6663: 6631: 6570: 6279: 6030: 5638: 5541: 5491: 5476: 5402: 4691: 4581: 4359: 4323: 4205: 4050: 3899: 1960: 1022: 853: 527: 377: 296: 194: 184: 124: 110: 1286: 499: 7981: 7976: 7951: 7931: 7661: 7064: 7059: 6920: 6910: 6582: 6548: 6429: 6304: 6299: 6088: 6036: 5924: 5735: 5667: 5587: 5521: 5425: 5014: 4979: 4964: 4843: 4671: 4661: 4626: 4621: 4606: 4586: 4550: 4333: 4303: 4293: 4283: 4178: 3957: 3914: 3884: 3862: 3809: 3732: 3643: 1606: 1463: 1346: 1026: 995:. The party also called for clean coal technology, soil detoxification and renewable energy. 956: 828: 7341: 1229:

In the Silesian part of the Silesian Voivodeship RAŚ had the following percentage of votes:

8100: 8018: 7961: 7946: 7936: 7884: 7676: 7666: 7656: 7609: 7552: 7117: 6882: 6620: 6565: 6390: 6289: 5551: 5420: 5220: 5019: 4868: 4828: 4803: 4646: 4616: 4601: 4591: 4560: 4555: 4545: 4519: 4480: 4374: 4251: 4246: 4225: 4188: 4156: 4124: 4114: 4093: 4020: 3904: 3819: 3779: 3606: 3553: 2941: 1945: 1707: 1278: 1199: 1147: 1071: 948: 433:

One of the first political organisations of separatist Silesians was the social-democratic

3237: 3030: 2712: 2683: 873: 438: 8: 8080: 8075: 8028: 7971: 7966: 7956: 7839: 7745: 7651: 7562: 7557: 7388: 6769: 6434: 6375: 6360: 6330: 6054: 5797: 5412: 5270: 5150: 4944: 4883: 4848: 4753: 4656: 4611: 4576: 4540: 4535: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4444: 4390: 4338: 4328: 4261: 4230: 4183: 4088: 4004: 3977: 3940: 3867: 3834: 3814: 3784: 3670: 3570: 3107: 1838: 988: 905: 893: 491: 354: 350: 288: 5370: 8095: 7941: 7864: 7854: 7547: 7542: 7398: 7269: 7171: 7101: 7024: 6936: 6202: 6138: 5974: 5356: 5306: 5059: 4939: 4813: 4788: 4596: 4514: 4485: 4434: 4424: 4369: 4364: 4298: 4288: 4266: 4220: 4098: 4066: 3982: 3967: 3962: 3829: 3737: 3695: 3601: 3591: 3586: 3565: 3548: 3508: 3001: 2047: 1941: 1930: 1807: 1663: 1552: 857: 841: 570: 447: 391: 278: 141: 136: 128: 7516: 5481: 4949: 2971: 2772:

Górny Śląsk i śląskość jako tematy kampanii wyborczej do Sejmiku Województwa Śląskiego

2741: 1139: 8105: 8085: 7889: 6482: 6167: 6160: 6123: 6076: 6018: 6011: 5993: 5887: 5862: 5828: 5821: 5791: 5628: 5471: 5331: 5316: 5110: 4798: 4490: 4439: 4395: 4256: 4193: 4025: 3992: 3797: 3789: 3690: 3627: 3041: 3012: 2982: 2952: 2923: 2891: 2785: 2775: 2752: 2723: 2694: 2659: 2627: 2336: 2274: 2238: 2080: 1880: 1879:". The photo vanished from the RAŚ site as soon as it was acknowledged in the media. 1836:(through the 1930s, club was overtaken by the radical pro-Nazi nationalists from the 1749: 1667: 1290: 1099: 984: 515: 455: 423: 414: 346: 314: 3058:

European Free Alliance: Voice of the peoples of Europe, Antwerp 2006, pp. 84–85, 88.

2922:(7336). Munich Society for the Promotion of Economic Research ‐ CESifo GmbH: 21–35. 7424: 7419: 7354: 7039: 6800: 6232: 6221: 6191: 6101: 5937: 5915: 5849: 5748: 5245: 5054: 4934: 4449: 4429: 4045: 4040: 3972: 3952: 3846: 3774: 3742: 3622: 3538: 2883: 2619: 2573:

Węgrzyn, Grzegorz (2014). "Autonomia Górnego Śląska a społeczeństwo obywatelskie".

2426: 2392: 2230: 2151: 2072: 1620: 1519: 1302: 1282: 1107: 901: 511: 2774:(in Polish). Vol. 2. Katowice: Towarzystwo Inicjatyw Naukowych. p. 198. 2118:

Kawęcki, Krzysztof (2012). "Idea autonomii w koncepcjach Ruchu Autonomii Śląska".

1281:

20.48% (4 seats), Mysłowice - 9.29% (2 seats), Katowice - 8.86%, Chorzów - 8.69%,

1246: 7161: 7154: 6947: 6477: 6095: 5962: 5931: 5809: 5742: 5648: 5566: 5225: 5195: 4720: 4129: 4035: 3872: 3444: 3355: 3302: 3282: 2623: 2396: 2335:(7336). Munich Society for the Promotion of Economic Research ‐ CESifo GmbH: 34. 1798: 1298: 1274: 330: 322: 6444: 5275: 3184:"Regionaliści nie otrząsnęli się po klęsce z 2018 r. RAŚ poza śląskim sejmikiem" 2887: 2234: 2076: 8033: 6900: 6764: 6070: 5956: 5779: 5760: 5180: 5160: 4728: 3877: 2014: 1920: 1203: 1183: 1075: 968: 837: 632: 597: 382: 151: 65: 3213: 1262: 1258: 8136: 7829: 7123: 6642: 6350: 6264: 6249: 6024: 5834: 5643: 5506: 5501: 5461: 5456: 4823: 4818: 4773: 4768: 4748: 4071: 3747: 3045: 3016: 2986: 2956: 2927: 2789: 2756: 2727: 2698: 2340: 2155: 1926: 1866: 1735: 944: 578: 361: 121: 114: 44: 2880:

Dirty Coal: Industrial Populism as Purification in Poland’s Mining Heartland

2652:

The People and the Nation: Populism and Ethno-Territorial Politics in Europe

2431: 2414: 2267:

The People and the Nation: Populism and Ethno-Territorial Politics in Europe

2227:

Dirty Coal: Industrial Populism as Purification in Poland’s Mining Heartland

2069:

Dirty Coal: Industrial Populism as Purification in Poland’s Mining Heartland

8002: 7729: 7044: 6537: 5592: 5352: 5240: 5090: 4853: 4838: 4808: 4778: 4738: 3471: 2500:"Sekretarz RAŚ zapisał się do PO. Czy to już koniec śląskich autonomistów?" 2415:"Ruchy separatystyczne i dezintegracyjne przełomu XX i XXI wieku w Europie" 1874: 1833: 1819:. By 1924, the team was part of regional Polish competition and playing as 881: 60: 3435: 1123: 1074:, gaining 4.35% of the popular vote. It finished behind the main parties: 8023: 7357: 6355: 6151: 5981: 5901: 5842: 5511: 5311: 5280: 5260: 5140: 5095: 5049: 4878: 4863: 4858: 4793: 4733: 4210: 4083: 1933:

and so that's why I do not feel obligated to loyalty towards this country

1270: 1266: 849: 503: 401:

Nationally, the party is considered left-wing, and it is affiliated with

369: 255: 7458: 7350: 5516: 5326: 5170: 5100: 3596: 3558: 2882:. Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology. pp. 100–102, 408. 2577:(in Polish) (179). Katowice: Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach: 112. 1970: 3068: 1230: 1135: 586: 526:

the Kashubian-Pomeranian Association. In 2003, it was admitted to the

6514: 5230: 5215: 5205: 5200: 5145: 5130: 4419: 3543: 3477: 1254: 7218: 3108:"Wybory Samorządowe 2010 - Geografia wyborcza - Województwo śląskie" 2545:

J. Dziadul, Jaskółka kala gniazdo, „Polityka” 2000, nr 18, p. 29–30.

1990: 1771: 1131: 620:

and received 40,061 votes (0.36%) and two seats, one of its MPs was

487: 7724: 7635: 7619: 7578: 5803: 5190: 5115: 4989: 4873: 1234: 1103: 631:, two candidates of the movement were included on the lists of the 574: 207: 7997: 7879: 7761: 7521: 5255: 2575:

Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziałowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach

502:. The congress also included the future prime minister of Poland, 7874: 7859: 7708: 7593: 7583: 7213: 7009: 5265: 5235: 5185: 5175: 5080: 4833: 4783: 3802: 3711: 3399: 1242: 1127: 478:

The Silesian Autonomy Movement was founded on 13 January 1990 in

2214:(138). Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis: 178–188. 1261:

area - 0.69%. Towns, cities, communes or municipality councils:

1157: 7910: 5713: 5135: 5120: 5085: 5075: 3461:

Silesian autonomist movement in Poland and one of its activists

2655: 2270: 1555:

party, which ran separately and won 3.23% of the popular vote.

1238: 1151: 1111: 863:

Speaking of its vision of regionalist Europe, the party wrote:

479: 86: 7614: 5285: 1119: 1115: 897: 6466: 3400:"My som stond – Jacek Dziedzina - Bibula - pismo niezalezne" 2605:"Śląski nacjonalizm? Myśl polityczna Ruchu Autonomii Śląska" 2378:"Śląski nacjonalizm? Myśl polityczna Ruchu Autonomii Śląska" 5726: 1195: 1067: 7216:

nationalist or/and separatist associations/organizations

967:

and formed coalition government in Upper Silesia with the

5400: 2861:"Ruch Autonomii Śląska na listach Koalicji Obywatelskiej" 2646: 2261: 1846:

as a model side in Upper Silesia for propaganda purposes.

836:

The main representative of the party and its ideology is

426:

believed that this was over 30% of the population of the

6669:

Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence

1174:

The movement's results at the Polish local election 2010

7139:

italic font – electoral alliances and/or popular fronts

6691:

Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania

963:. In Polish politics, RAŚ consistently aligns with the 5709:

Political parties and political associations in Poland

3337:

Vanishing photo, in other words RAŚ and the Iron Cross

268: 2911:

Gehring, Kai; Schneider, Stephan A. (November 2018).

2324:

Gehring, Kai; Schneider, Stephan A. (November 2018).

1802:

soccer club by the RAŚ activists caused controversy.

380:. In 2007, RAŚ activists reestablished football club 2805:"RAŚ opowiada o "polskich obozach koncentracyjnych"" 1887:, stated on his official Europarliament site that: 2769: 1860:), above the plaque was the Iron Cross with dates 6341:Organisation of the Polish Nation – Polish League 2531:R. Woźniczek (2005). "Z karabinem po autonomię". 2356:"100 Jahre Autonomie der Wojewodschaft Schlesien" 2308:"Takie były początki organizacji autonomistów..." 1895:Meanwhile, writing in a party document entitled " 1214:(SLD), but ahead of other main National parties: 611: 8134: 6823:Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic 6679:Polish Socialist Party of the Prussian Partition 6260:Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic 2913:"Regional Resources and Democratic Secessionism" 2910: 2326:"Regional Resources and Democratic Secessionism" 2323: 1066:, the movement did not win a single seat in the 3082:"Ruch Autonomii Śląska – Ruch Autonomii Śląska" 2650:; Massetti, Emanuele; Mazzoleni, Oscar (2020). 2265:; Massetti, Emanuele; Mazzoleni, Oscar (2020). 2201: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2126:. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne: 417–425. 1656: 1541: 1424: 1165: 1049: 6684:Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction 3275:After all, maybe camouflaged German option...? 2802: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 341:, is a movement that seeks the restoration of 7327: 7198: 5693: 5386: 3493: 3349:Kaczyński accuses 'Silesians' of 'Germanness' 1673: 1558: 1429: 1312: 506:, who was back then a Kashubian regionalist. 386:. Also, since 2007 RAŚ has organized annual " 5547:United Macedonian Organization Ilinden–Pirin 3468:Upper Silesia flags up its call for autonomy 3315:""Aroganccy i bezczelni śląscy separatyści"" 2858: 2530: 7280:Jurassic-Silesian Association European Home 6295:Jurassic-Silesian Association European Home 3238:Piotr Spyra: 1. FC Katowice promotes Nazism 2821: 2166: 1925:I'm Silesian, not Polish. My fatherland is 7334: 7320: 7205: 7191: 7158:****: not currently registered as a party 6963:Movement for the Republic – Patriotic Camp 5700: 5686: 5619:Hungarian Christian Democratic Association 5393: 5379: 5351:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on 4995:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines) 3500: 3486: 3367:Kaczynski accuses Silesia of being Germans 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 1090:(PSL), but ahead of other parties such as 900:as a model to follow. The party considers 254: 8173:Political parties of minorities in Poland 7244:Association of Defense of Upper Silesians 6806:Centre Agreement – Integrative Initiative 6795:Catholic Electoral Committee "Fatherland" 6419:Social Movement of the Republic of Poland 6315:National Party of Retirees and Pensioners 6270:Edward Gierek's Economic Revival Movement 2969: 2445: 2430: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 1963:and other laws of the Republic of Poland. 1015: 6838:Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action 5583:Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania 2498:Jedlecki, Przemysław (5 November 2021). 2497: 2412: 2408: 2406: 2371: 2369: 1989: 1770: 1169: 1156: 1053: 827: 7030:Polish Confederation – Dignity and Work 6983:Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms 6866:Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union 6729:Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth 6654:Polish People's Party "Nowe Wyzwolenie" 5598:Party of Friendship, Equality and Peace 3031:"Śląski Kościół trzeciego tysiąclecia?" 2999: 2681: 2602: 2581: 2572: 2556:"Referendum w sprawie autonomii Śląska" 2464: 2375: 2353: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2117: 1789:warned in its report that RAŚ may be a 1094:(Samoobrona), which won 3.96%, and the 934: 8135: 8122:First-level NUTS of the European Union 6386:Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland 5452:Autonomy Liberty Participation Ecology 4955:Galician independence movement (Spain) 3507: 3379:"Nie straszcie secesją i separatyzmem" 2465:Kawęcki, Krzysztof (25 January 2018). 2295: 2096: 1791:potential threat to Poland's interests 1220:Self-Defense of the Republic of Poland 1092:Self-Defense of the Republic of Poland 536:Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland 376:. In 2002, RAŚ became a member of the 8168:Political parties established in 1990 7315: 7186: 6953:Movement for Reconstruction of Poland 6781:Agreement for the Future – CenterLeft 6530:Communist Party of Western Belorussia 6275:Farmers from the Baltic to the Tatras 5681: 5374: 5005:Patani United Liberation Organisation 4975:Inner Mongolian independence movement 3481: 3463:”, Tischner European University, 2009 3214:"VideoFact International Documentary" 3071:libro?codigo=3676, accessed 5.12.2010 2877: 2618:(1). University of Silesia: 250–266. 2403: 2366: 2224: 2141: 2066: 1979:sovereign, independent Silesian state 1940:In 2010, Gorzelik was elected to the 335:Bewegung für die Autonomie Schlesiens 5000:National Liberation Front of Corsica 4925:East Turkestan independence movement 2713:"Pikiety RAŚ na konwentach PiS i PO" 2446:Karnowski, Michał (8 October 2017). 2130: 1182:, the movement got three seats (for 77:27 June 2001 (voluntary association) 6931:League of the Right of the Republic 6850:Confederation of Independent Poland 6716:Confederation of Independent Poland 5537:South Schleswig Voters' Association 3069:http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/ 2391:. Uniwersytet Wrocławski: 249–268. 366:Initiative der Autonomie Schlesiens 13: 6659:Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie" 6525:Communist Party of Western Ukraine 2803:Antoni Trzmiel (4 February 2021). 2682:Ślenzok, Norbert (December 2012). 1044: 973:2019 Polish parliamentary election 563:2007 Polish parliamentary election 14: 8189: 7075:Self-Defence of the Polish Nation 6896:Feminist Initiative/Women's Party 6711:Communist Party of Poland (Mijal) 6627:Polish Christian Democratic Party 6561:Christian Union of National Unity 6366:Polish Party of Animal Protection 6130:Confederation of the Polish Crown 5894:Confederation of the Polish Crown 5624:Lista za Rijeku – Lista per Fiume 3453: 3252:Shameful page of the German sport 2043:German Minority (political party) 1973:, instead of officially declared 1309:party but a social organization. 616:The movement participated in the 7217: 5712: 5661: 3295:Vanishing photos on the RAŚ site 3211: 3105: 2822:Adam Słomka (14 November 2017). 2684:"O regionalizm eurorealistyczny" 1796:In 2007, reestablishment of the 1779: 813: 789: 775: 761: 747: 733: 716: 715: 687: 686: 496:Kashubian-Pomeranian Association 473:Kashubian-Pomeranian Association 302:Old logo of the party from 2018. 295: 43: 7055:Polish Labour Party - August 80 6872:Democratic Party – demokraci.pl 6812:Centre Agreement – Polish Union 6520:Communist Party of Poland (KPP) 5106:Basque Country (greater region) 4965:Guangdong Independence Movement 3429: 3417: 3392: 3371: 3360: 3342: 3329: 3307: 3287: 3267: 3242: 3231: 3205: 3194: 3176: 3165: 3147: 3136: 3125: 3099: 3074: 3061: 3052: 3023: 2993: 2963: 2934: 2904: 2871: 2852: 2834: 2815: 2796: 2763: 2734: 2705: 2675: 2640: 2612:Wrocławskie Studia Erazmiańskie 2566: 2548: 2539: 2524: 2515: 2506: 2491: 2477: 2458: 2439: 2385:Wrocławskie Studia Erazmiańskie 2354:Smolorz, Dawid (23 July 2020). 1758: 1643: 1528: 1411: 6615:Polish-Catholic People's Party 4910:Assyrian independence movement 2942:"Czy warto ginąć za ojczyznę?" 2859:Paweł Pawlik (9 August 2019). 2751:(in Silesian) (6): 1–3. 2013. 2347: 2317: 2313:(in Polish). 26 February 2015. 2255: 2218: 2060: 1959:citizens, and to abide by the 814: 790: 776: 762: 748: 734: 612:Polish parliamentary elections 1: 8143:1990 establishments in Poland 7285:People of the Silesian Nation 6674:Polish Socialist Party – Left 6664:Polish Socialist Party (1892) 6649:Polish People's Party "Piast" 6593:National Radical Camp Falanga 5045:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement 5040:Tibetan independence movement 4970:Hawaiian sovereignty movement 4930:Faroese independence movement 4915:Catalan independence movement 3161:(in Polish). 29 October 2019. 2053: 1985: 23:Political party in Poland 7249:Silesian Separatist Movement 7080:Self-Defence Social Movement 6740:Polish United Workers' Party 6588:National Radical Camp (1934) 6408:Silesian Separatist Movement 6320:National Radical Camp (1993) 6285:First Self-Governance League 5436:Republican Left of Catalonia 5431:Party of the Corsican Nation 5126:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 5035:Taiwan independence movement 5010:Ryukyu independence movement 4920:Champa independence movement 4900:Alsace independence movement 2951:(in Silesian) (9): 8. 2014. 2722:(in Silesian) (8): 9. 2013. 2624:10.34616/wse.2019.13.249.268 2562:(in Polish). 22 August 2011. 2487:(in Polish). 8 October 2019. 2397:10.34616/wse.2019.13.249.268 1764: 1754: 1740: 1726: 1712: 1657:Polish local elections, 2024 1649: 1639: 1625: 1611: 1597: 1542:Polish local elections, 2018 1534: 1524: 1510: 1496: 1482: 1468: 1425:Polish local elections, 2014 1417: 1407: 1393: 1379: 1375:Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej 1365: 1351: 1166:Polish local elections, 2010 1106:(7.7% of the popular vote), 1050:Polish local elections, 2006 629:2001 parliamentary elections 618:1991 parliamentary elections 548:Silesian Separatist Movement 18:Silesian Separatist Movement 7: 8086:Irish (in Northern Ireland) 7091:Solidarity Electoral Action 6978:National Self-Defence Front 6973:National Party "Fatherland" 6943:Liberal Democratic Congress 6855:Conservative People's Party 6775:Alternative Social Movement 6238:Union of Christian Families 6208:Agreement (political party) 6000:Union of European Democrats 5557:Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh 5467:Democratic Party of Artsakh 4990:Mapuche separatist movement 3437:Academic Corporations - RAŚ 2888:10.13140/RG.2.2.27689.67687 2770:Katarzyna Stelmach (2014). 2413:Piwnicki, Grzegorz (2019). 2235:10.13140/RG.2.2.27689.67687 2077:10.13140/RG.2.2.27689.67687 2021: 2005:Zenon Wieczorek (1995–1999) 1854:Zum gedenken den gefallenen 1787:Office For State Protection 1180:2010 Polish local elections 1098:(LPR), which won 3.46%. In 1064:2006 Polish local elections 1002: 823: 594:2010 Polish local elections 484:Saint Jadwiga Śląska Church 75:January 1990 (organisation) 10: 8194: 7301:German Minority in Silesia 7265:Silesian Autonomy Movement 7020:People's National Movement 6844:Coalition for the Republic 6396:Silesian Autonomy Movement 6381:Right Wing of the Republic 6326:National Revival of Poland 5562:Valencian Nationalist Bloc 5532:Silesian Autonomy Movement 5025:Silesian Autonomy Movement 4905:Assam separatist movements 4060:Northern & Middle Asia 3190:(in Polish). 8 April 2024. 2878:Allen, Irma Kinga (2021). 2848:(in Polish). 22 June 2015. 2658:: Routledge. p. 205. 2467:"Samorząd czy separatyzm?" 2225:Allen, Irma Kinga (2021). 2067:Allen, Irma Kinga (2021). 1675:Silesian Regional Assembly 1635:Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe 1560:Silesian Regional Assembly 1492:Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe 1431:Silesian Regional Assembly 1403:Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe 1314:Silesian Regional Assembly 1295:powiat bieruńsko-lędziński 437:(SPL), founded in 1909 by 408: 374:Silesian Autonomy Movement 343:interwar Silesian autonomy 311:Silesian Autonomy Movement 222:Silesian Regional Assembly 31:Silesian Autonomy Movement 15: 8163:Liberal parties in Poland 8114: 8068: 8042: 8011: 7990: 7919: 7898: 7817: 7796: 7770: 7754: 7738: 7717: 7701: 7685: 7644: 7628: 7602: 7571: 7530: 7509: 7488: 7467: 7451: 7433: 7412: 7381: 7365: 7293: 7257: 7226: 7167:List of political parties 7136: 7035:Polish Beer-Lovers' Party 6958:Movement for the Republic 6788:Catholic Electoral Action 6757: 6703: 6598:National Radical Camp ABC 6500: 6459: 6310:League of Polish Families 6179: 6051: 5911: 5722: 5657: 5611: 5603:Pro Lombardy Independence 5575: 5487:Galician Nationalist Bloc 5444: 5409: 5342: 5294: 5068: 5030:Székely autonomy movement 4892: 4719: 4684: 4639: 4569: 4528: 4510: 4503: 4458: 4415: 4408: 4383: 4347: 4319: 4312: 4239: 4149: 4142: 4107: 4059: 4013: 3928: 3855: 3767: 3760: 3725: 3704: 3663: 3656: 3636: 3615: 3579: 3531: 3524: 3515: 3423:Original Polish version: 3040:(in Silesian) (5). 2013. 3000:Slenzok, Norbert (2015). 2603:Slenzok, Norbert (2019). 2376:Ślenzok, Norbert (2019). 2273:: Routledge. p. 13. 1913:declaring their Germaness 1813:1. Klub Sportowy Katowice 1224:League of Polish Families 1096:League of Polish Families 729: 707: 657: 654: 651: 540:League of Polish Families 274: 267: 262: 253: 248: 234: 220: 200: 191:International affiliation 190: 178: 168: 157: 147: 135: 103: 92: 81: 71: 59: 51: 42: 28: 7234:Union of Upper Silesians 6860:Democratic Left Alliance 6828:Christian National Union 6336:Bezpartyjni Samorządowcy 6245:United Beyond Boundaries 4960:Greenlandic independence 3201:Serwis PKW – Wybory 2024 3172:Serwis PKW – Wybory 2018 3143:Serwis PKW – Wybory 2014 3132:Serwis PKW – Wybory 2010 2693:(in Silesian) (12): 10. 2202:Łukasz Zweiffel (2013). 2156:10.1177/0263395721995016 2120:Społeczeństwo i Edukacja 2028:Union of Upper Silesians 1212:Democratic Left Alliance 1084:Democratic Left Alliance 1031:Basque Nationalist Party 886:Union of Upper Silesians 443:Union of Upper Silesians 85:Plac Wolności 7, 44-200 16:Not to be confused with 7275:Silesian Regional Party 7239:Silesian People's Party 7112:Third Republic Movement 7085:Social Justice Movement 6926:League and Self-Defense 6833:Christian-Peasant Party 6722:Front of National Unity 6610:National Workers' Party 6605:National People's Union 6510:Catholic People's Party 6402:Silesian Regional Party 5527:Scottish National Party 5497:Majorca Socialist Party 2970:Kołodziej, Jan (2013). 2432:10.14746/pp.2019.24.1.4 2419:Przegląd Politologiczny 2204:"Ruch Autonomii Śląska" 2038:Silesian Regional Party 2033:Silesian People's Party 1897:The State of the Nation 1858:In memory of the fallen 1693: 1578: 1549:Silesian Regional Party 1449: 1332: 993:Scottish National Party 878:Silesian People's Party 435:Silesian People's Party 345:- including a separate 319:Ruch Autōnōmije Ślōnska 318: 236:Opole Regional Assembly 173:Silesian Regional Party 137:Political position 36:Ruch Autōnōmije Ślōnska 8148:European Free Alliance 7050:Polish Reason of State 7000:Patriotic Self-Defence 6571:Popular National Union 6371:Polish Communist Party 6180:Other existing parties 6031:Polish Socialist Party 5639:Sardinian Action Party 5542:South Tyrolean Freedom 5492:Liga Veneta Repubblica 5477:Frisian National Party 5403:European Free Alliance 4985:Māori protest movement 3011:(in Silesian) (1): 8. 2981:(in Silesian) (6): 8. 1995: 1776: 1775:Autonomy March in 2012 1722:Prawo i Sprawiedliwość 1593:Prawo i Sprawiedliwość 1478:Prawo i Sprawiedliwość 1361:Prawo i Sprawiedliwość 1175: 1162: 1059: 1023:European Free Alliance 1016:International contacts 928: 870: 846:Paris Peace Conference 833: 528:European Free Alliance 378:European Free Alliance 334: 326: 195:European Free Alliance 185:European Free Alliance 111:Economic progressivism 7060:Polish National Party 6968:National Party (1989) 6921:Labour Party (Poland) 6911:Initiative for Poland 6745:United People's Party 6735:Polish Workers' Party 6583:National Radical Camp 6549:Labour Faction (1937) 6414:Socialist Alternative 6300:Kashubian Association 6198:Alliance of Democrats 6146:Polish People's Party 5988:Polish People's Party 5857:Polish People's Party 5588:Latvian Russian Union 5522:Savoy Region Movement 5426:Latvian Russian Union 5015:Scottish independence 4980:Kashubian Association 4702:Indigenous Australian 3112:wybory2010.pkw.gov.pl 2920:CESifo Working Papers 2535:(in Polish) (6): 1–7. 2333:CESifo Working Papers 1993: 1774: 1607:Platforma Obywatelska 1506:Ruch Autonomii Śląska 1464:Platforma Obywatelska 1389:Ruch Autonomii Śląska 1347:Platforma Obywatelska 1222:(Samoobrona) and the 1216:Polish People's Party 1173: 1160: 1088:Polish People's Party 1057: 1027:Ibon Areso Mendiguren 957:left-wing nationalist 923: 865: 831: 644:Polish People's Party 602:Polish People's Party 556:Polish People's Party 492:Union of Wielkopolska 327:Ruch Autonomii Śląska 34:Ruch Autonomii Śląska 8178:Separatism in Poland 6621:Polish Catholic Bloc 6566:Camp of Great Poland 6391:Self-Defence Rebirth 6290:Freedom and Equality 5421:New Flemish Alliance 5221:Marathi Abhimaangeet 5020:Siberian regionalism 3459:Konrad Pędziwiatr, “ 3188:portalsamorzadowy.pl 3106:o.o., Dituel Sp. z. 1946:Silesian Voivodeship 1708:Koalicja Obywatelska 1279:Czerwionka-Leszczyny 1277:- 25.61% (5 seats), 1273:- 41.26% (4 seats), 1265:- (10 of 15 seats), 1200:Silesian Voivodeship 1144:Siemianowice Śląskie 1072:Silesian Voivodeship 949:liberal conservative 935:Ideological spectrum 914:Reinhard C. Heinisch 428:Silesian Voivodeship 180:European affiliation 169:Regional affiliation 158:National affiliation 7825:Balkar and Karachay 7788:Free City of Danzig 7015:Peasants' Agreement 6818:Christian Democracy 6770:Alliance for Poland 6435:There is One Poland 6376:Real Politics Union 6361:Polish Pirate Party 6331:New Democracy - Yes 6184:political movements 6055:European Parliament 5815:Independents (15)** 5413:European Parliament 5312:American Indigenous 4945:Free Papua Movement 4355:Balkar and Karachay 4150:Southeastern Europe 3681:Indigenous Canadian 3474:Friday 8 April 2011 3159:dziennikzachodni.pl 2742:"Śląsk jak Bawaria" 2208:Studia Politologica 2009:Krzysztof Kluczniok 1839:Jungdeutsche Partei 1785:In 2000 the Polish 1287:powiat wodzisławski 1269:- (8 of 12 seats), 906:workplace democracy 372:, and the UK-based 355:Europe of 100 Flags 351:Silesian Parliament 269:http://autonomia.pl 8158:History of Silesia 8153:Federalist parties 7809:Transylvania–Banat 7270:Silesians Together 7172:Politics of Poland 7102:The Poor of Poland 7025:Poland Comes First 6937:Left and Democrats 6890:European Coalition 6555:National Democracy 6440:Workers' Democracy 6203:Silesians Together 6052:Represented in the 5975:Third Way (Poland) 5868:Independent (1)*** 5357:ethnic nationalism 5060:Welsh independence 4940:Free Aceh Movement 4172:in North Macedonia 4014:South-eastern Asia 3509:Ethnic nationalism 3443:2008-02-24 at the 3354:2011-09-26 at the 3301:2011-07-04 at the 3281:2011-08-15 at the 3002:""Polskie" obozy?" 2648:Heinisch, Reinhard 2263:Heinisch, Reinhard 2048:Silesians Together 1996: 1931:self-determination 1905:Jarosław Kaczyński 1808:Silesian Uprisings 1777: 1664:Silesians Together 1553:Silesians Together 1176: 1163: 1060: 1029:, a member of the 961:Catalan separatism 858:ethnic nationalism 842:David Lloyd George 834: 571:Rossiyskaya Gazeta 500:Union of Podhalans 448:Alexander Hochberg 337:), abbreviated as 279:Politics of Poland 129:Left-wing populism 8130: 8129: 7309: 7308: 7180: 7179: 7132: 7131: 6753: 6752: 6699: 6698: 6496: 6495: 6468:Polish–Lithuanian 6077:Polish Initiative 5994:Centre for Poland 5882:National Movement 5863:Centre for Poland 5792:Polish Initiative 5675: 5674: 5629:Lusatian Alliance 5472:Eusko Alkartasuna 5368: 5367: 5111:Catalan Countries 4715: 4714: 4680: 4679: 4635: 4634: 4499: 4498: 4404: 4403: 4138: 4137: 3756: 3755: 3652: 3651: 3218:www.videofact.com 2972:"Narodowe pranie" 2897:978-91-7873-964-6 2781:978-83-61975-02-1 2665:978-1-351-26556-0 2280:978-1-351-26556-0 2244:978-91-7873-964-6 2150:(1). SagePub: 6. 2086:978-91-7873-964-6 1994:dr Jerzy Gorzelik 1881:Ryszard Czarnecki 1769: 1768: 1696:Political groups 1668:Silesian language 1654: 1653: 1581:Political groups 1539: 1538: 1452:Political groups 1422: 1421: 1335:Political groups 1257:area - 1.37% and 1245:area - 8.70% and 1100:Opole Voivodeship 985:Polish Initiative 832:Pin of the party. 821: 820: 640:elections of 2005 516:Silesian Treasury 456:Silesian uprising 424:Wojciech Korfanty 415:Lucjan Malinowski 347:Silesian Treasury 307: 306: 303: 284:Political parties 8185: 8091:Northern English 8034:Western Armenian 7693:North Kazakhstan 7443:Republika Srpska 7336: 7329: 7322: 7313: 7312: 7221: 7207: 7200: 7193: 7184: 7183: 7144:Zbigniew Ajchler 7040:Poland Fair Play 7005:Party of Regions 6877:Democratic Union 6801:Centre Agreement 6755: 6754: 6701: 6700: 6544:Labor Party (PP) 6498: 6497: 6464: 6463: 6255:Civic Initiative 6233:Party of Drivers 6222:All-Polish Youth 6192:Polish Coalition 6082:Independents (3) 6044:Independents (4) 5968:Independents (4) 5943:Independents (4) 5938:Sovereign Poland 5850:Polish Coalition 5766:Independent (2)* 5749:Sovereign Poland 5717: 5716: 5702: 5695: 5688: 5679: 5678: 5670: 5666: 5665: 5664: 5395: 5388: 5381: 5372: 5371: 5361: 5246:Republika Srpska 5055:Walloon Movement 4935:Flemish Movement 4508: 4507: 4413: 4412: 4317: 4316: 4147: 4146: 3765: 3764: 3661: 3660: 3529: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3502: 3495: 3488: 3479: 3478: 3447: 3433: 3427: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3396: 3390: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3375: 3369: 3364: 3358: 3346: 3340: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3311: 3305: 3291: 3285: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3246: 3240: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3209: 3203: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3180: 3174: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3151: 3145: 3140: 3134: 3129: 3123: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3078: 3072: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3035: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3006: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2976: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2946: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2917: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2819: 2813: 2812: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2746: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2717: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2688: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2654:(1st ed.). 2644: 2638: 2637: 2609: 2600: 2579: 2578: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2528: 2522: 2519: 2513: 2510: 2504: 2503: 2495: 2489: 2488: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2410: 2401: 2400: 2382: 2373: 2364: 2363: 2351: 2345: 2344: 2330: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2304: 2293: 2292: 2269:(1st ed.). 2259: 2253: 2252: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2199: 2164: 2163: 2139: 2128: 2127: 2115: 2094: 2093: 2064: 1691: 1690: 1688: 1687: 1683: 1621:SLD Lewica Razem 1576: 1575: 1573: 1572: 1568: 1520:SLD Lewica Razem 1447: 1446: 1444: 1443: 1439: 1330: 1329: 1327: 1326: 1322: 1303:Gmina Marklowice 1142:county (7.73%), 1138:county (10.4%), 1130:county (7.54%), 902:decentralisation 872:The party cites 817: 816: 806: 793: 792: 779: 778: 765: 764: 751: 750: 737: 736: 719: 718: 711: 704: 690: 689: 679: 649: 648: 622:Kazimierz Świtoń 464:Michał Grażyński 388:Autonomy Marches 368:(IAS), based in 301: 299: 258: 243: 229: 213: 206: 131: 96: 47: 26: 25: 8193: 8192: 8188: 8187: 8186: 8184: 8183: 8182: 8133: 8132: 8131: 8126: 8110: 8064: 8038: 8007: 7986: 7915: 7894: 7813: 7792: 7766: 7750: 7734: 7713: 7702:North Macedonia 7697: 7681: 7640: 7624: 7598: 7567: 7526: 7505: 7484: 7475:Turkish Cypriot 7463: 7447: 7435: 7429: 7408: 7377: 7373:Northern Epirus 7361: 7340: 7310: 7305: 7289: 7253: 7222: 7211: 7181: 7176: 7162:Portal:Politics 7157: 7155:Marek Biernacki 7152: 7149:Piotr Adamowicz 7146: 7141: 7128: 7107:The Republicans 6994:Social Alliance 6948:Libertas Poland 6749: 6695: 6502: 6492: 6478:Patriotic Party 6469: 6460:Defunct parties 6455: 6450:German Minority 6346:Peasants' Party 6228:National League 6183: 6181: 6175: 6096:Law and Justice 6064:Civic Coalition 6053: 6047: 6005:Independent (1) 5963:Yes! For Poland 5950:Civic Coalition 5932:Law and Justice 5913: 5907: 5810:Yes! For Poland 5773:Civic Coalition 5743:Law and Justice 5724: 5718: 5711: 5706: 5676: 5671: 5662: 5660: 5659: 5653: 5649:The Other South 5607: 5571: 5567:Yorkshire Party 5482:Future of Åland 5440: 5411: 5405: 5401:Members of the 5399: 5369: 5364: 5346: 5338: 5290: 5226:Northern Epirus 5196:Ketuanan Melayu 5064: 4950:Future of Åland 4888: 4824:Native American 4721:Pan-nationalism 4711: 4676: 4640:Northern Europe 4631: 4565: 4524: 4504:Southern Europe 4495: 4454: 4400: 4379: 4343: 4308: 4235: 4134: 4103: 4055: 4009: 3924: 3851: 3752: 3721: 3700: 3691:Native American 3648: 3637:Southern Africa 3632: 3611: 3575: 3517: 3511: 3506: 3456: 3451: 3450: 3445:Wayback Machine 3434: 3430: 3422: 3418: 3408: 3406: 3398: 3397: 3393: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3365: 3361: 3356:Wayback Machine 3347: 3343: 3334: 3330: 3320: 3318: 3313: 3312: 3308: 3303:Wayback Machine 3292: 3288: 3283:Wayback Machine 3272: 3268: 3258: 3256: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3236: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3210: 3206: 3199: 3195: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3170: 3166: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3141: 3137: 3130: 3126: 3116: 3114: 3104: 3100: 3090: 3088: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3053: 3038:Jaskółka Śląska 3033: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3009:Jaskółka Śląska 3004: 2998: 2994: 2979:Jaskółka Śląska 2974: 2968: 2964: 2949:Jaskółka Śląska 2944: 2940: 2939: 2935: 2915: 2909: 2905: 2898: 2876: 2872: 2857: 2853: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2820: 2816: 2801: 2797: 2782: 2768: 2764: 2749:Jaskółka Śląska 2744: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2720:Jaskółka Śląska 2715: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2691:Jaskółka Śląska 2686: 2680: 2676: 2666: 2645: 2641: 2634: 2607: 2601: 2582: 2571: 2567: 2554: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2533:Jaskółka Śląska 2529: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2496: 2492: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2463: 2459: 2444: 2440: 2411: 2404: 2380: 2374: 2367: 2352: 2348: 2328: 2322: 2318: 2306: 2305: 2296: 2281: 2260: 2256: 2245: 2223: 2219: 2200: 2167: 2140: 2131: 2116: 2097: 2087: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2024: 1988: 1901:Law and Justice 1885:Law and Justice 1844:1. FC Kattowitz 1817:1. FC Kattowitz 1804:1. FC Kattowitz 1799:1. FC Kattowitz 1782: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1679: 1678: 1659: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1564: 1563: 1544: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1435: 1434: 1427: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1318: 1317: 1299:Gmina Gaszowice 1275:powiat rybnicki 1241:area - 14.57%, 1237:area - 15.96%, 1233:area - 17,50%, 1208:Law and Justice 1168: 1161:Former RAS logo 1154:county (8.1%). 1148:Piekary Śląskie 1140:Tarnowskie Góry 1080:Law and Justice 1052: 1047: 1045:Local elections 1018: 1010:Jaskółka Śląska 1005: 981:Law and Justice 965:Civic Coalition 937: 919:Jaskółka Śląska 826: 807: 804: 712: 709: 705: 702: 680: 677: 614: 411: 403:Civic Coalition 300: 294: 293: 244: 241: 230: 227: 211: 210: 204: 162:Civic Coalition 127: 120: 113: 109: 94: 76: 38: 37: 35: 32: 24: 21: 12: 11: 5: 8191: 8181: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8124: 8118: 8116: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8096:Northern Irish 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8072: 8070: 8069:United Kingdom 8066: 8065: 8063: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8046: 8044: 8040: 8039: 8037: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8015: 8013: 8009: 8008: 8006: 8005: 8000: 7994: 7992: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7923: 7921: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7913: 7908: 7902: 7900: 7896: 7895: 7893: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7821: 7819: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7811: 7806: 7800: 7798: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7774: 7772: 7768: 7767: 7765: 7764: 7758: 7756: 7752: 7751: 7749: 7748: 7742: 7740: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7732: 7727: 7721: 7719: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7711: 7705: 7703: 7699: 7698: 7696: 7695: 7689: 7687: 7683: 7682: 7680: 7679: 7674: 7672:South Tyrolean 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7648: 7646: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7638: 7632: 7630: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7606: 7604: 7600: 7599: 7597: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7575: 7573: 7569: 7568: 7566: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7534: 7532: 7528: 7527: 7525: 7524: 7519: 7513: 7511: 7507: 7506: 7504: 7503: 7498: 7492: 7490: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7482: 7477: 7471: 7469: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7461: 7455: 7453: 7449: 7448: 7446: 7445: 7439: 7437: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7427: 7422: 7416: 7414: 7410: 7409: 7407: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7385: 7383: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7375: 7369: 7367: 7363: 7362: 7339: 7338: 7331: 7324: 7316: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7303: 7297: 7295: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7261: 7259: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7230: 7228: 7224: 7223: 7210: 7209: 7202: 7195: 7187: 7178: 7177: 7175: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7137: 7134: 7133: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7126: 7121: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7070:Right Alliance 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6901:Forward Poland 6898: 6893: 6886: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6791: 6784: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6765:Ancestral Home 6761: 6759: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6725: 6718: 6713: 6707: 6705: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6687: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6639: 6637:People's Party 6634: 6629: 6624: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6601: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6580: 6579: 6578: 6576:National Party 6573: 6568: 6563: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6534: 6533: 6532: 6527: 6517: 6512: 6506: 6504: 6503:inter-war eras 6494: 6493: 6491: 6490: 6485: 6483:Hetmans' Party 6480: 6474: 6472: 6461: 6457: 6456: 6454: 6453: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6405: 6399: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6241: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6212: 6211: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6187: 6185: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6172: 6171: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6149: 6135: 6134: 6133: 6127: 6121: 6107: 6106: 6105: 6099: 6085: 6084: 6083: 6080: 6074: 6071:Civic Platform 6059: 6057: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6040: 6034: 6028: 6022: 6008: 6007: 6006: 6003: 5997: 5991: 5985: 5971: 5970: 5969: 5966: 5960: 5957:Civic Platform 5946: 5945: 5944: 5941: 5935: 5920: 5918: 5912:Represented in 5909: 5908: 5906: 5905: 5899: 5898: 5897: 5891: 5885: 5871: 5870: 5869: 5866: 5860: 5846: 5840: 5839: 5838: 5832: 5818: 5817: 5816: 5813: 5807: 5801: 5795: 5789: 5783: 5780:Civic Platform 5769: 5768: 5767: 5764: 5761:Polish Affairs 5758: 5752: 5746: 5731: 5729: 5723:Represented in 5720: 5719: 5705: 5704: 5697: 5690: 5682: 5673: 5672: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5615: 5613: 5612:Former members 5609: 5608: 5606: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5579: 5577: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5448: 5446: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5417: 5415: 5410:Elected to the 5407: 5406: 5398: 5397: 5390: 5383: 5375: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5362: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5335: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5304: 5298: 5296: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5181:Karakalpakstan 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5161:East Turkestan 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4896: 4894: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4725: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4681: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4643: 4641: 4637: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4573: 4571: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4532: 4530: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4511: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4462: 4460: 4459:United Kingdom 4456: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4409:Western Europe 4406: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4351: 4349: 4348:North Caucasus 4345: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4313:Eastern Europe 4310: 4309: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4280: 4279: 4274: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4243: 4241: 4240:Central Europe 4237: 4236: 4234: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4221:Romani (Gypsy) 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4202: 4201: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4175: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4153: 4151: 4144: 4140: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4133: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4111: 4109: 4108:South Caucasus 4105: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4080: 4079: 4077:South Mongolia 4069: 4063: 4061: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4017: 4015: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4007: 4002: 4001: 4000: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3949: 3948: 3938: 3932: 3930: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3881: 3880: 3870: 3865: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3849: 3844: 3843: 3842: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3806: 3805: 3800: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3771: 3769: 3762: 3758: 3757: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3729: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3667: 3665: 3658: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3646: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3630: 3625: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3562: 3561: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3535: 3533: 3526: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3505: 3504: 3497: 3490: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3464: 3455: 3454:External links 3452: 3449: 3448: 3428: 3416: 3404:www.bibula.com 3391: 3370: 3359: 3341: 3328: 3317:. 7 April 2011 3306: 3286: 3266: 3241: 3230: 3204: 3193: 3175: 3164: 3146: 3135: 3124: 3098: 3073: 3060: 3051: 3022: 2992: 2962: 2933: 2903: 2896: 2870: 2851: 2833: 2814: 2795: 2780: 2762: 2733: 2704: 2674: 2664: 2639: 2632: 2580: 2565: 2547: 2538: 2523: 2514: 2505: 2490: 2476: 2457: 2438: 2402: 2365: 2346: 2316: 2294: 2279: 2254: 2243: 2217: 2165: 2129: 2095: 2085: 2058: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2051: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2015:Jerzy Gorzelik 2012: 2006: 2003: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1982: 1966: 1965: 1954: 1953: 1937: 1936: 1921:Jerzy Gorzelik 1917: 1916: 1903:(PiS) leader, 1892: 1891: 1871:" and also a " 1848: 1847: 1829: 1828: 1821:1. FC Katowice 1794: 1781: 1778: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1753: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1739: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1725: 1718: 1715: 1714: 1711: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1677: 1672: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1638: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1562: 1557: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1495: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1316: 1311: 1291:Powiat Opolski 1204:Civic Platform 1184:Jerzy Gorzelik 1167: 1164: 1076:Civic Platform 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1017: 1014: 1004: 1001: 969:Civic Platform 953:Rzeczpospolita 936: 933: 838:Jerzy Gorzelik 825: 822: 819: 818: 811: 808: 803: 801: 795: 794: 787: 781: 780: 773: 767: 766: 759: 753: 752: 745: 739: 738: 731: 728: 722: 721: 713: 708: 706: 701: 699: 693: 692: 684: 681: 676: 674: 668: 667: 664: 660: 659: 656: 653: 652:Election year 633:Civic Platform 613: 610: 598:Civic Platform 410: 407: 383:1. FC Katowice 305: 304: 292: 291: 286: 281: 275: 272: 271: 265: 264: 260: 259: 251: 250: 246: 245: 240: 238: 232: 231: 226: 224: 218: 217: 202: 198: 197: 192: 188: 187: 182: 176: 175: 170: 166: 165: 159: 155: 154: 152:Roman Catholic 149: 145: 144: 139: 133: 132: 107: 101: 100: 97: 90: 89: 83: 79: 78: 73: 69: 68: 66:Jerzy Gorzelik 63: 57: 56: 53: 49: 48: 40: 39: 33: 30: 29: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8190: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8140: 8138: 8123: 8120: 8119: 8117: 8113: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8067: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8047: 8045: 8041: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8024:Eastern Greek 8022: 8020: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8010: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7989: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7918: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7903: 7901: 7897: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7850:Crimean Tatar 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7816: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7795: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7769: 7763: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7753: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7737: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7716: 7710: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7700: 7694: 7691: 7690: 7688: 7684: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7649: 7647: 7643: 7637: 7636:Cham Albanian 7634: 7633: 7631: 7627: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7605: 7601: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7570: 7564: 7563:North Catalan 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7529: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7508: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7487: 7481: 7480:Greek Cypriot 7478: 7476: 7473: 7472: 7470: 7466: 7460: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7450: 7444: 7441: 7440: 7438: 7432: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7417: 7415: 7411: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7380: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7364: 7359: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7337: 7332: 7330: 7325: 7323: 7318: 7317: 7314: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7292: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7256: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7208: 7203: 7201: 7196: 7194: 7189: 7188: 7185: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7156: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7125: 7124:Your Movement 7122: 7120: 7119: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7092: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6995: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6938: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6916:Initiative RP 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6906:Freedom Union 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6891: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6867: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6845: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6813: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6796: 6792: 6790: 6789: 6785: 6783: 6782: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6760: 6756: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6730: 6726: 6724: 6723: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6708: 6706: 6704:Communist era 6702: 6692: 6689: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6666: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6644: 6643:Polish Centre 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6632:Peasant Party 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6622: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6585: 6584: 6581: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6557: 6556: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6522: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6499: 6489: 6488:Familia Party 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6465: 6462: 6458: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6409: 6406: 6403: 6400: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6351:Piast Faction 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6265:Common Powiat 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6250:Better Poland 6248: 6246: 6243: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6220: 6219: 6218: 6217: 6216:Confederation 6213: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6195: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6178: 6169: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6162: 6158: 6153: 6150: 6147: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6140: 6136: 6131: 6128: 6125: 6122: 6119: 6118:Confederation 6116: 6115: 6113: 6112: 6111:Confederation 6108: 6103: 6102:United Poland 6100: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6090: 6086: 6081: 6078: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6065: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6056: 6050: 6043: 6038: 6035: 6032: 6029: 6026: 6025:Left Together 6023: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6013: 6009: 6004: 6001: 5998: 5995: 5992: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5976: 5972: 5967: 5964: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5951: 5947: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5926: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5910: 5903: 5900: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5879: 5877: 5876: 5875:Confederation 5872: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5836: 5835:Left Together 5833: 5830: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5819: 5814: 5811: 5808: 5805: 5802: 5799: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5774: 5770: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5737: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5721: 5715: 5710: 5703: 5698: 5696: 5691: 5689: 5684: 5683: 5680: 5669: 5656: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5644:Slovene Union 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5507:Occitan Party 5505: 5503: 5502:Mebyon Kernow 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5462:Catalan Unity 5460: 5458: 5457:Bavaria Party 5455: 5453: 5450: 5449: 5447: 5445:Other members 5443: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5408: 5404: 5396: 5391: 5389: 5384: 5382: 5377: 5376: 5373: 5359: 5358: 5354: 5353:ethnic groups 5350: 5345: 5344: 5341: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5302:Local (China) 5300: 5299: 5297: 5293: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5166:Herzeg-Bosnia 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 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3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3947: 3946:in Bangladesh 3944: 3943: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3929:Southern Asia 3927: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3879: 3876: 3875: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3845: 3841: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3763: 3759: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3726:South America 3724: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3664:North America 3662: 3659: 3655: 3645: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3614: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3560: 3557: 3556: 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2633:9788365158161 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2614:(in Polish). 2613: 2606: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2576: 2569: 2561: 2557: 2551: 2542: 2534: 2527: 2518: 2509: 2501: 2494: 2486: 2480: 2472: 2471:Nasz Dziennik 2468: 2461: 2453: 2449: 2442: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2421:(in Polish). 2420: 2416: 2409: 2407: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2387:(in Polish). 2386: 2379: 2372: 2370: 2361: 2357: 2350: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2327: 2320: 2312: 2309: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2291: 2289: 2282: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2251: 2246: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2221: 2213: 2210:(in Polish). 2209: 2205: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2125: 2122:(in Polish). 2121: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2092: 2088: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2063: 2059: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1950:automatically 1947: 1943: 1939: 1938: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1927:Upper Silesia 1922: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1893: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1876: 1870: 1868: 1867:Volksdeutsche 1863: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1780:Controversies 1773: 1761: 1759: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1745: 1744: 1738: 1737: 1736:Trzecia Droga 1733: 1731: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1719: 1717: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1684: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1646: 1644: 1637: 1636: 1632: 1630: 1629: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1616: 1615: 1609: 1608: 1604: 1602: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1588: 1587: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1569: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1531: 1529: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1515: 1514: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1501: 1500: 1494: 1493: 1489: 1487: 1486: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1440: 1432: 1414: 1412: 1405: 1404: 1400: 1398: 1397: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1384: 1383: 1377: 1376: 1372: 1370: 1369: 1363: 1362: 1358: 1356: 1355: 1349: 1348: 1344: 1342: 1341: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1323: 1315: 1310: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1248: 1247:Bielsko-Biała 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1188:Henryk Mercik 1185: 1181: 1172: 1159: 1155: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1056: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1013: 1011: 1000: 996: 994: 990: 989:Polish Greens 986: 982: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 945:Left Together 943: 932: 927: 922: 920: 915: 910: 907: 903: 899: 895: 889: 887: 883: 880:, as well as 879: 875: 869: 864: 861: 859: 856:, condemning 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 830: 812: 809: 802: 800: 797: 796: 788: 786: 783: 782: 774: 772: 769: 768: 760: 758: 755: 754: 746: 744: 741: 740: 732: 727: 724: 723: 714: 700: 698: 695: 694: 685: 682: 675: 673: 670: 669: 665: 662: 661: 650: 647: 645: 641: 636: 634: 630: 625: 623: 619: 609: 605: 603: 599: 595: 590: 588: 582: 580: 579:South Ossetia 576: 572: 566: 564: 559: 557: 551: 549: 543: 541: 537: 531: 529: 523: 519: 517: 513: 507: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 476: 474: 468: 465: 459: 457: 451: 449: 444: 440: 436: 431: 429: 425: 419: 416: 406: 404: 399: 397: 393: 390:" in Poland ( 389: 385: 384: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 362:Upper Silesia 358: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 298: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 276: 273: 270: 266: 261: 257: 252: 247: 239: 237: 233: 225: 223: 219: 216: 209: 208:Cerulean Blue 203: 199: 196: 193: 189: 186: 183: 181: 177: 174: 171: 167: 163: 160: 156: 153: 150: 146: 143: 140: 138: 134: 130: 126: 123: 119: 116: 112: 108: 106: 102: 98: 91: 88: 84: 80: 74: 70: 67: 64: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 41: 27: 19: 7782: 7730:Transnistria 7264: 7138: 7116: 7089: 7065:Reason Party 7045:Polish Union 6992: 6935: 6888: 6881: 6864: 6842: 6810: 6793: 6786: 6779: 6727: 6720: 6641: 6619: 6553: 6538:Front Morges 6536: 6470:Commonwealth 6430:Slavic Union 6395: 6305:Labour Party 6214: 6190: 6159: 6137: 6109: 6089:United Right 6087: 6062: 6037:Labour Union 6010: 5973: 5948: 5925:United Right 5923: 5873: 5848: 5820: 5771: 5736:United Right 5734: 5593:New Canaries 5531: 5348: 5347: 5276:Székely Land 5241:Pashtunistan 5091:Balawaristan 5024: 4864:South Slavic 4854:Scandinavian 4384:Volga Region 3998:in Sri Lanka 3856:Eastern Asia 3717:Puerto Rican 3532:North Africa 3516:Nationalisms 3472:The Guardian 3466:Helen Pidd, 3436: 3431: 3424: 3419: 3407:. Retrieved 3403: 3394: 3382:. Retrieved 3373: 3362: 3344: 3336: 3331: 3319:. Retrieved 3309: 3294: 3289: 3274: 3269: 3257:. Retrieved 3251: 3244: 3233: 3221:. Retrieved 3217: 3207: 3196: 3187: 3178: 3167: 3158: 3149: 3138: 3127: 3115:. Retrieved 3111: 3101: 3089:. Retrieved 3086:autonomia.pl 3085: 3076: 3063: 3054: 3037: 3025: 3008: 2995: 2978: 2965: 2948: 2936: 2919: 2906: 2879: 2873: 2867:(in Polish). 2864: 2854: 2846:wpolityce.pl 2845: 2836: 2830:(in Polish). 2827: 2817: 2811:(in Polish). 2808: 2798: 2771: 2765: 2748: 2736: 2719: 2707: 2690: 2677: 2669: 2651: 2642: 2615: 2611: 2574: 2568: 2559: 2550: 2541: 2532: 2526: 2517: 2508: 2502:(in Polish). 2493: 2479: 2473:(in Polish). 2470: 2460: 2454:(in Polish). 2451: 2441: 2422: 2418: 2388: 2384: 2362:(in German). 2360:Silesia News 2359: 2349: 2332: 2319: 2310: 2287: 2284: 2266: 2257: 2248: 2226: 2220: 2211: 2207: 2159: 2147: 2143: 2123: 2119: 2090: 2068: 2062: 2017:(since 2003) 2000:Paweł Musioł 1978: 1961:Constitution 1957: 1949: 1924: 1912: 1908: 1896: 1888: 1875:fifth column 1872: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1843: 1837: 1834:Nazi Germany 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1803: 1797: 1790: 1748: 1734: 1720: 1706: 1660: 1633: 1619: 1605: 1591: 1545: 1518: 1504: 1490: 1476: 1462: 1401: 1387: 1373: 1359: 1345: 1307: 1297:- 4.54% and 1252: 1228: 1177: 1061: 1039: 1035: 1019: 1009: 1006: 997: 977: 947:." In 2012, 938: 929: 924: 918: 911: 890: 882:Ewald Latacz 874:Józef Kożdoń 871: 866: 862: 835: 637: 626: 615: 606: 591: 583: 567: 560: 552: 544: 538:- 3.96% and 532: 524: 520: 508: 477: 469: 460: 452: 439:Józef Kożdoń 432: 420: 412: 400: 387: 381: 373: 365: 359: 338: 310: 308: 82:Headquarters 52:Abbreviation 7739:Netherlands 7496:Greenlandic 7436:Herzegovina 7358:nationalism 7347:regionalism 7118:United Left 6883:Europa Plus 6501:Pre-war and 6356:Polish Left 6152:Poland 2050 5982:Poland 2050 5843:Poland 2050 5512:Plaid Cymru 5281:Tamil Eelam 5261:Saraikistan 5141:Hatay State 5096:Balochistan 5050:Wallmapuwen 4744:Bangladeshi 4216:Montenegrin 4120:Azerbaijani 4084:Pan-Turkism 3825:Palestinian 3768:Middle East 3676:Greenlandic 3580:East Africa 2011:(1999–2003) 2002:(1991–1995) 1750:Nowa Lewica 1283:Ruda Śląska 1271:Gmina Cisek 1267:Gmina Lyski 1263:Gmina Godów 1259:Częstochowa 1192:Janusz Wita 1126:(8.3%) and 1108:Ruda Śląska 854:regionalism 850:nationalism 512:Lech Wałęsa 504:Donald Tusk 125:regionalism 93:Membership 8137:Categories 7927:Andalusian 7845:Circassian 7686:Kazakhstan 7434:Bosnia and 7382:Azerbaijan 7351:separatism 6758:Modern era 6445:Freedomers 6424:Solidarity 5798:The Greens 5552:Unity List 5327:Indigenous 5271:Sindhudesh 5251:Santa Cruz 5171:Hutu Power 5101:Bangsamoro 4692:Australian 4667:Lithuanian 4582:Andalusian 4360:Circassian 4324:Belarusian 4272:in Austria 4206:Macedonian 4162:in Albania 4051:Vietnamese 3885:Hongkonger 3878:chauvinist 3559:Pharaonism 2452:W Polityce 2311:enowiny.pl 2054:References 1986:Leadership 1971:separatism 1305:(1 seat). 1301:(1 seat), 1210:(PiS) and 1086:(SLD) and 951:newspaper 655:Seats won 249:Party flag 118:autonomism 7982:Valencian 7977:Navarrese 7952:Castilian 7932:Aragonese 7906:Vojvodina 7778:Kashubian 7662:Sardinian 7589:Javakheti 7579:Abkhazian 7360:in Europe 7355:stateless 7343:Movements 6515:Centrolew 6139:Third Way 5804:AGROunion 5668:EU portal 5576:Observers 5231:Occitania 5216:Manchukuo 5206:Lezgistan 5201:Kurdistan 5146:Hazarajat 5131:Circassia 4893:Movements 4844:Pakistani 4819:Mongolian 4759:Congolese 4672:Norwegian 4662:Icelandic 4627:Valencian 4622:Navarrese 4607:Castilian 4587:Aragonese 4551:Sardinian 4334:Ukrainian 4304:Slovenian 4284:Hungarian 4199:in Cyprus 4179:Aromanian 4167:in Kosovo 4072:Mongolian 3988:Sinhalese 3958:Dravidian 3915:Taiwanese 3863:Cantonese 3840:in Cyprus 3810:Jordanian 3733:Argentine 3705:Caribbean 3696:Québécois 3644:Afrikaner 3046:1232-8383 3017:1232-8383 2987:1232-8383 2957:1232-8383 2928:2364-1428 2790:2391-6877 2757:1232-8383 2728:1232-8383 2699:1232-8383 2341:2364-1428 2161:Movement. 1877:in Poland 1862:1939-1945 1699:Mandates 1584:Mandates 1455:Mandates 1338:Mandates 1293:- 5.27%, 1289:- 7.91%, 1285:- 8.18%, 1255:Sosnowiec 1194:) in the 1150:(5.06%), 1146:(4.94%), 1124:Mysłowice 1114:(5.71%), 1110:(9.39%), 896:known as 482:, in the 289:Elections 142:Left-wing 8115:See also 8101:Scottish 8019:Assyrian 7962:Galician 7947:Canarian 7937:Asturian 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