556:
till the party was startled by the ping of a rifle, and the loud challenge of a
Japanese sentry. Signals were made, but they were immediately surrounded, and led to the presence of General Nogi, who consulted with his officers, and afterwards informed the missionaries of the acceptance of the invitation they brought, and that the army would begin to move before daybreak, having Mr. Barclay with the nineteen Chinamen in front, and Mr. Fergusson with several officers marching in the rear. It was also plainly stated that, on the slightest show of treachery or resistance, the soldiers would open fire, and the whole city be burned to the ground. The time occupied by that long march back again was, indeed, an anxious one; and as the missionaries drew near and saw the city gates closed, their hearts sank within them lest some fatal interruption had taken place. That sound, too, seemed something more than the barking of dogs. Could it be possible that the roughs of the city had broken out at last, and were now engaged in their fiendish work? My colleagues looked behind, and saw only a wall of loaded rifles; in front, but there was no hopeful sign; and the strain was becoming almost insupportable, when the Great South Gate was swung wide open. Hundreds of gentry came forward bowing themselves to the ground, and in a minute more the flag of the Rising Sun was waving over the city.
431:
Kaw-wah-tau on 12 October, in which
Japanese casualties were slight, and an engagement near Kiu-sui-kei on 16 October to disengage a company of the 17th Regiment which had been surrounded by the insurgents, in which the Japanese suffered casualties of 9 dead and 10 wounded and the enemy at least 60 dead. On 18 October the 5th Infantry Regiment, supported by a battery of artillery and a troop of cavalry, routed the insurgents at Ongo-ya-toi. Japanese casualties were 3 dead and 14 wounded, while the enemy left 80 dead on the battlefield. On the same day the 17th Regiment met the Formosans at Tion-sha and inflicted a heavy defeat upon them. Formosan losses were computed at around 400 killed, while on the Japanese side only one officer was wounded. Meanwhile, the brigade's advance guard dislodged an insurgent force numbering around 4,000 men and armed with repeating rifles from the village of Mao-tau, to the south of the So-bung-go River, but suffered relatively high casualties in doing so. On 19 October, in a battle to capture the fortified village of Shau-lan, the Japanese took a striking revenge. The 17th Regiment trapped a force of 3,000 insurgents inside the village and inflicted very heavy casualties on them when they stormed it. Nearly a thousand enemy bodies were counted after this massacre. Japanese losses were only 30 men killed or wounded, including 3 officers.
536:
leave Tainan, making for the illusory safety of the port of Anping, a few miles further away from the
Japanese lines. The Chinese merchants and the city's small European community watched this development apprehensively. The mood of the soldiers could easily turn ugly, and there was a danger that they might return to plunder the city. For once, the European residents played a decisive part in events. Three European employees of the Maritime Customs at Anping—Messrs. Burton, McCallum and Alliston—persuaded the Chinese soldiers who had flocked to Anping to hand over their weapons for safekeeping and surrender peacefully to the Japanese. Nearly 10,000 Chinese soldiers rid themselves of their telltale firearms, and sat down to await events. The collection of the weapons lasted throughout the day, and by nightfall between 7,000 and 8,000 rifles had been secured and locked up in one of the godowns of the Maritime Customs.
388:, to storm the walled city of Chiayi, where the insurgents had decided to make a determined stand. According to report, the Chinese and Formosans numbered 10,000 men and included both regular and volunteer units. The true figure was probably around 3,000 men, but the insurgents were stiffened by a force of 600 Black Flags, who now fought the Japanese for the first time during the campaign, and also deployed cannon and machine guns on the city walls. After a preliminary bombardment with their mountain artillery the Japanese scaled the walls and broke into the city. The insurgents were defeated, leaving over 200 dead on the field. Total casualties in the Imperial Guards Division in the engagements fought between 3 and 9 October were 14 killed and 54 wounded. The division was ordered to halt at Chiayi and wait until Prince Fushimi's northern expedition went ashore at Pa-te-chui before resuming its advance.
523:, halted fifteen miles from Amoy, and boarded by Japanese sailors. The Japanese sailors did not recognise Liu Yongfu, but announced that they intended to arrest seven supposed Chinese labourers aboard the British vessel who were unable to give a satisfactory account of themselves. Although the Japanese did not know it, one of the seven labourers was Liu Yongfu. He owed his escape to the intervention of the British captain. Indignant at being boarded on the high seas, the captain protested vigorously at this illegal search, and when the merchant ship reached Amoy all its passengers, including Liu Yongfu, were allowed to go ashore without further hindrance. Admiral
940:
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544:, agreed to make the perilous journey from Tainan to Lieutenant-General Nogi's headquarters at Ji-chang-hang, a few miles south of the city. They set off just before nightfall, and made their way towards the Japanese front lines. After walking for a few hours they were halted by a rifle shot from a Japanese sentry, and were eventually brought into General Nogi's presence. Nogi, unsurprisingly, was wary of possible Chinese treachery, but eventually decided to march on Tainan that night and enter the city early the following morning.
503:
370:), twenty-five miles to the north. Meanwhile, the Imperial Guards Division, then at Changhua, was ordered to continue to press forward towards Tainan. Just under 20,000 Japanese troops now closed in on Tainan simultaneously, from the north, the northeast and the south. Liu Yongfu could probably field a larger force, but the Chinese and Formosans were by now fighting merely to stave off defeat. They had little hope of stemming the Japanese advance on Tainan.
155:
136:
109:
535:
The news that Liu Yongfu had abandoned the struggle broke in Tainan on the morning of 20 October. It was at first greeted with shock and disbelief. Soldiers and civilians alike wandered through the city's streets, discussing this sudden turn of events in animated tones. Then the soldiers began to
510:
On 19 October, realising that the war was lost, Liu Yongfu decided to leave for the
Chinese mainland. Accompanied by around a hundred officers of the Tainan garrison, he left the city during the night on the pretence of going to inspect the defences of Anping. He then disguised himself as a coolie
430:
Meanwhile, the other two
Japanese columns were making their presence felt. Prince Fushimi's northern column, which included the 5th and 17th Infantry Regiments, landed at Pa-te-chui on 10 October. The division fought several brisk actions during its advance southwards. These included an action at
338:
The capture of Tainan now became a political as well as a strategic imperative for the
Japanese. However, this proved to be easier said than done. Faced with growing resistance to their occupation, the Japanese were unable to advance immediately on Tainan. During the second phase of the campaign,
555:
The sun was just setting when all the needful preparations were made, but not an hour was to be lost; and, therefore, taking the stamped document with them, my colleagues went out from the Great South Gate on their errand of mercy. The stars were shining brightly, and stillness reigned everywhere,
400:
to the
Japanese. He asked that no Formosan should be punished for having taken up arms against the Japanese, and that all Chinese soldiers still in Taiwan should be treated hospitably and repatriated to Canton or Amoy. The surrender offer was conveyed to the Japanese headquarters at Makung in the
383:
The
Imperial Guards Division commenced its march south from Changhua on 3 October. On 6 October the division's advance guard defeated a force of 3,000 insurgents at Talibu. On 7 October the division fought an important action with the insurgents at Yunlin, driving them from a series of fortified
539:
The next step was to invite the
Japanese into Tainan. The Chinese merchants composed a suitable letter, swearing that all Chinese troops had laid down their arms and begging the Japanese to enter the city as soon as possible to maintain order. Nobody, however, was willing to run the considerable
560:
Nogi's column entered Tainan at 7 a.m. on 21 October, and by 9 a.m. had secured the city. The troops of Prince
Fushimi's northern column arrived on the afternoon of the same day. The capitulation of Tainan put an end to serious Formosan resistance and effectively inaugurated the era of Japanese
448:
was a Japanese victory, but the Japanese suffered their heaviest combat casualties of the campaign in the engagement—16 men killed and 61 wounded. Three officers were among the casualties. On 15 October Nogi's column closed in on the important port of Takow (Kaohsiung), but discovered that the
527:, the Japanese fleet commander in the invasion of Formosa, was shortly afterwards forced to resign as a result of a subsequent British complaint to Japan. Only later did the Japanese realise how close they had come to capturing Liu Yongfu.
326:
proclaimed an independent Republic of Formosa and raised forces in order to resist the impending Japanese invasion. On 6 June 1895, in the wake of the Imperial Japanese Army's successful landing and occupation of northern Taiwan, President
489:) on 16 October. By 20 October they were at the village of Ji-chang-hang, only a few miles south of Tainan. There, on the night of 20 October, they received an offer of unconditional surrender from the Chinese merchants of Tainan.
439:
Lieutenant-General Nogi's southern column, consisting of 6,330 soldiers, 1,600 military coolies and 2,500 horses, landed at Fangliao on 10 October, and engaged a force of Formosan militiamen at Ka-tong-ka (茄苳腳; modern-day
362:. The smaller task force, 5,460 troops under the command of Prince Fushimi, landed at Pa-te-chui (布袋嘴), to the north of Tainan. The larger task force, 6,330 troops under the command of Lieutenant-General Nogi, landed at
219:
766:
The Island of Formosa, Past and Present : history, people, resources, and commercial prospects : tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions
515:, bound for Amoy, on the morning of 20 October. The Japanese only got wind of Liu's flight on the following morning, after they marched into Anping and Tainan, and on 21 October the
422:
arrived off Anping, but Liu Yongfu refused to go aboard, perhaps fearing treachery. The Japanese subsequently informed him that they would accept only unconditional surrender.
864:
212:
416:, and the Japanese replied that they would send a warship to Anping, the outport of Tainan, on 12 October to discuss Liu's proposals. On 12 October the Japanese cruiser
485:, and a naval landing force had been put ashore to occupy the town. Foiled of their prize, Nogi's men pressed on, and captured the town of Pithau (埤頭; modern-day
205:
347:. They then paused for a month, and only embarked on the third and final phase of the campaign, the advance on Tainan, in the second week of October.
580:
449:
Japanese navy had beaten it to the punch. Two days earlier, on 13 October, the Takow forts had been bombarded and silenced by the Japanese cruisers
857:
540:
risks involved in delivering this message to the Japanese. Eventually two missionaries of the English Presbyterian Mission, James Fergusson and
932:
939:
1084:
850:
1099:
358:) allowed the Japanese to approach Tainan from three directions at once. On 10 October two task forces sailed from the
902:
878:
295:
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39:
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335:
announced his succession as head of government, and used his base in Tainan as the capital of the second republic.
17:
551:, another member of the English Presbyterian Mission, who gave the following description of their tense ordeal:
1010:
331:
fled the island. On 26 June the former-Qing garrison commander and vice-president of the Republic of Formosa
989:
740:
575:
548:
468:
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The arrival of strong reinforcements (the 2nd Provincial Division, transferred from the Japanese 2nd Army in
273:
1119:
462:
541:
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On 10 October, discouraged by the news of the fall of Chiayi, Liu Yongfu made an offer of conditional
959:
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366:(枋寮), well to the south of Tainan. Its first objective was to capture the port of Takow (modern
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842:
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positions. On 9 October the division fought the second-largest battle of the campaign, the
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from June to August, the Japanese secured central Taiwan by occupying
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821:. London, New York, Bombay and Calcutta: Longmans, Green, and co.
795:
Black Flags in Vietnam : The Story of a Chinese Intervention
441:
872:
135:
108:
359:
71:
67:
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323:
391:
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322:, officials on Taiwan opposed to the cession of Taiwan to
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Barclay and Fergusson later related their adventure to
693:
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227:
298:. The capitulation ended the brief existence of the
1076:
354:, and part of the 4th Provincial Division, from
27:1895 last act in the Japanese invasion of Taiwan
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294:, on 21 October 1895, was the last act in the
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392:Liu Yongfu's conditional surrender offer
493:The collapse of the Republic of Formosa
14:
1077:
511:and boarded the British merchant ship
497:
846:
379:Japanese capture of Yunlin and Chiayi
201:
1040:Chinese and Taiwanese personalities
948:Military and political developments
24:
1085:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)
879:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)
769:. London and New York: Macmillan.
40:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)
25:
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153:
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576:National Taiwan Museum - 黃虎旗的故事
13:
1:
797:. London: Allen & Unwin.
747:. London: Marshall Brothers.
732:
571:Link 1 - Fangliao & Budai
309:
304:era of Japanese colonial rule
426:Japanese victory at Shau-lan
7:
519:was pursued by the cruiser
296:Japanese invasion of Taiwan
10:
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1100:Taiwan under Japanese rule
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561:colonial rule in Formosa.
531:The capitulation of Tainan
374:Japanese advance on Tainan
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903:Taiwan Expedition of 1874
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435:Japanese capture of Takow
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128:
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37:
32:
1110:Battles involving Taiwan
818:Japanese rule in Formosa
586:
1105:Battles involving Japan
1011:Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa
913:First Sino-Japanese War
176:26,000 volunteer tribes
1004:Japanese personalities
558:
507:
506:Liu Yongfu (1837–1917)
444:) on 11 October. The
292:Capitulation of Tainan
129:Commanders and leaders
33:Capitulation of Tainan
918:Treaty of Shimonoseki
745:Sketches from Formosa
553:
505:
320:Treaty of Shimonoseki
181:Casualties and losses
1031:Takashima Tomonosuke
302:and inaugurated the
1120:October 1895 events
923:Republic of Formosa
813:Takekoshi, Yosaburō
498:Liu Yongfu's flight
300:Republic of Formosa
123:Republic of Formosa
90:Republic of Formosa
761:Davidson, James W.
649:, pp. 359–61.
508:
446:Battle of Chiatung
318:Empire signed the
230:Japanese invasion
1125:Conflicts in 1895
1095:History of Tainan
1070:
1069:
1021:Kabayama Sukenori
741:Campbell, William
726:, pp. 283–4.
690:, pp. 363–4.
661:, pp. 354–8.
637:, pp. 89–90.
625:, pp. 361–2.
613:, pp. 358–9.
487:Fongshan District
287:
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196:
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140:Kabayama Sukenori
97:
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84:Japanese victory
16:(Redirected from
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1016:Arichi Shinanojo
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549:William Campbell
525:Arichi Shinanojo
386:Battle of Chiayi
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232:of Taiwan (1895)
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171:21,000 sailors
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88:Collapse of the
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168:19,000 marines
113:Empire of Japan
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53:21 October 1895
28:
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18:Siege of Tainan
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12:
11:
5:
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1090:1895 in Taiwan
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714:, p. 364.
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702:, p. 363.
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975:Yunlin-Chiayi
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601:, p. 89.
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102:Belligerents
83:
66:(modern-day
1057:Qiu Fengjia
464:Akitsushima
306:in Taiwan.
189:200 wounded
62:Tainan-fu,
1079:Categories
1047:Liu Yongfu
995:Changhsing
955:Pescadores
891:Background
733:References
403:Pescadores
360:Pescadores
333:Liu Yongfu
314:After the
310:Background
279:Changhsing
244:Pescadores
173:6 warships
150:Liu Yongfu
970:Baguashan
398:surrender
368:Kaohsiung
352:Manchuria
259:Baguashan
985:Chiatung
835:6986981M
815:(1907).
793:(1968).
783:6931635M
763:(1903).
753:7051071M
743:(1915).
409:warship
364:Fangliao
345:Changhua
269:Chiatung
162:Strength
58:Location
38:Part of
965:Hsinchu
960:Keelung
775:1887893
565:Sources
521:Yaeyama
476:Yaeyama
452:Yoshino
442:Jiadong
419:Yoshino
407:British
405:by the
254:Hsinchu
249:Keelung
990:Tainan
980:Chiayi
833:
827:753129
825:
801:
781:
773:
751:
517:Thales
513:Thales
458:Naniwa
341:Miaoli
274:Tainan
264:Chiayi
152:
80:Result
72:Taiwan
68:Tainan
64:Taiwan
587:Notes
482:Saien
413:Pique
356:Osaka
324:Japan
192:Heavy
823:OCLC
799:ISBN
771:OCLC
581:Link
479:and
470:Hiei
411:HMS
343:and
316:Qing
290:The
50:Date
1081::
831:OL
829:.
779:OL
777:.
749:OL
666:^
473:,
467:,
461:,
455:,
70:,
866:e
859:t
852:v
837:.
807:.
785:.
755:.
221:e
214:t
207:v
74:)
20:)
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