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531:, who had raised an army and prepared to lead it in Italy, was recalled to Picardy and promoted to lieutenant-general of France. To avoid the intervention of an English expeditionary force, King Henry II of France arranged, in great secrecy, to attack Calais in the winter with 30,000 men assembled at
558:
Lacking any natural land defence, Calais's continued
English control depended on fortifications maintained and built up at some expense. Near Calais, the English garrison forces were frequently pitted against the French or Burgundian forces. Relieved by the long confrontation between Burgundy and
671:
effectively recognized French ownership of Calais in exchange for payment to
England of 120,000 crowns. Although the treaty made no mention of Calais, the French paid the 120,000 crowns in return for all rights to Le Havre and freedom of commerce was agreed between the two countries. The French
634:
Lord
Wentworth, the governor of the city, and the English inhabitants of the Pale of Calais returned to England. Calais was declared a "reclaimed land" to commemorate the restoration of French rule. François de Guise was able to strike back against the Spaniards: during the summer he attacked
614:
and put an end to two centuries of fighting between
England and France. The new French administration made a particularly efficient demarcation of the border, created a new division of farmland, reorganized the 24 parishes, and reconstructed villages and churches. No harm came to the English
491:
had preferred to turn their armies towards Italy, rich and technologically ahead of the rest of Europe, rather than take Calais. France had to fight the
English on three occasions during the sixteenth century (1526, 1544, and 1547) when they attempted to extend the English possessions in
602:, completely overwhelmed by a lightning attack, handed the keys of the city to the French on 7 January. The booty taken by the French was more than they had hoped for: food for three months and nearly 300 guns. The English defences of
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between France and Spain (allied to
England) included recognition of Calais as an English possession in temporary French custody pending a purchase price of half a million gold crowns to be paid by France in eight years' time.
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believed that the
English failure to maintain the occupation of Le Havre in return for Calais, meant the English had forfeited all rights to Calais and Elizabeth was in no position to press the case any further.
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France, English rule over Calais was able to flourish for 150 years. The French and the
Burgundians each coveted the city, but preferred to see it under the English rather than their rival.
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residents: after a rather uncomfortable night, they were escorted to waiting boats and given safe passage across the
English Channel.
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soon also fell. Henry II of France arrived at Calais on 23 January 1558. France had reconquered the last territory it had lost in the
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In
England, there was shock and disbelief at the loss of this final Continental territory. The story goes that a few months later
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between France and England and their respective allies. It resulted in the seizure of the town and its dependencies by France.
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The French continued to influence Calais after the Hundred Years War' due to the area simultaneously being a part of the
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in order to keep it until France should restore Calais. French forces ejected the English in 1563 and the
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until the diocese's abolition. Soon after the fall of the diocese, the French launched the siege.
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had lost his best captains and the road to Paris was open to invasion. In these circumstances,
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Anna Whitelock, "'Woman, Warrior, Queen': Rethinking Mary and Elizabeth",
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when the treaties of Le Cateau were signed. In April 1559 the
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Map showing the situation of 1477, northern France and the
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marked the end of a status quo over the possession of
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the next day. On 3 January, the artillery moved into
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
734:Tudor Queenship: The Reigns of Mary and Elizabeth
447:from the English forces and Calais was besieged.
415:had been ruled by England since 1347, during the
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574:On 1 January 1558, the French vanguard invested
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778:(1952 ed.). London: Penguin Books Ltd.
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655:However, in 1562 upon the outbreak of the
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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431:supported a Spanish invasion of France,
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16:1558 battle between England and France
695:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A–E
441:Thomas Wentworth, 2nd Baron Wentworth
419:. By the 1550s, England was ruled by
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269:Thomas Wentworth, 2nd Baron Wentworth
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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626:and Calais inscribed on my heart."
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507:, and resumed hostilities in the
804:"Peace of Troyes, 11 April 1564"
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802:Rickard, J (12 January 2011).
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566:"Portrait of the fortress of
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751:"Thomas Cromwell and Calais"
521:Battle of St. Quentin (1557)
137:Anglo-French War (1557–1559)
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487:. For nearly a century the
58:"Siege of Calais" 1558
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872:Sieges of the Italian Wars
700:Greenwood Publishing Group
649:Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis
643:, and was about to invade
758:University of Southampton
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897:Italian War of 1551–1559
882:Sieges involving England
517:Constable of Montmorency
406:Italian War of 1551–1559
326:Italian War of 1551–1559
133:Italian War of 1551–1559
669:Treaty of Troyes (1564)
659:, England's new queen,
657:French Wars of Religion
600:Thomas, Lord Wentworth
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529:Francis, Duke of Guise
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437:Francis, Duke of Guise
257:Francis, Duke of Guise
244:Commanders and leaders
154:François-Édouard Picot
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548:diocese of Thérouanne
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692:Tony Jaques (2007).
201:and its surroundings
43:improve this article
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790:Catherine de Medici
481:French royal domain
150:The Siege of Calais
843:50.9636°N 1.8474°E
747:Bernard, George W.
612:Hundred Years' War
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525:Henry II of France
513:Battle of Ceresole
469:Louis XI of France
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433:Henry II of France
429:Kingdom of England
425:Philip II of Spain
417:Hundred Years' War
238:Kingdom of England
892:Conflicts in 1558
776:Queen Elizabeth I
709:978-0-313-33537-2
554:Capture of Calais
537:Montreuil-sur-Mer
509:Kingdom of Naples
499:At the behest of
421:Mary I of England
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32:This article
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811:. Retrieved
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630:Consequences
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592:Fort Nieulay
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212:Belligerents
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131:Part of the
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99:January 2014
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
846: /
661:Elizabeth I
588:Fort Risban
505:Italian war
427:. When the
400:The French
374:St. Quentin
861:Categories
831:50°57′49″N
676:References
645:Luxembourg
637:Thionville
620:Queen Mary
451:Background
389:Gravelines
384:Thionville
69:newspapers
834:1°50′51″E
813:7 January
533:Compiegne
344:Mirandola
715:27 April
665:Le Havre
576:Sangatte
364:Marciano
275:Strength
173:Location
596:Rysbank
584:Nielles
580:Fréthun
519:at the
494:Picardy
479:to the
477:Picardy
445:Rysbank
359:Corsica
339:Tripoli
83:scholar
706:
624:Philip
604:Guînes
568:Guînes
539:, and
485:Calais
379:Calais
280:27,000
235:
199:Calais
189:Result
182:France
178:Calais
156:, 1838
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754:(PDF)
641:Arlon
608:Hames
471:over
435:sent
369:Renty
354:Ponza
283:2,500
90:JSTOR
76:books
815:2014
717:2013
704:ISBN
639:and
606:and
582:and
411:The
349:Metz
165:Date
62:news
594:at
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152:by
45:by
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