37:
460:
doorstep so that worshippers could tread on it as they entered. Alp Arslan made his first Friday prayer in the cathedral, which changed its name to
Fethiye Mosque. However, the city was quickly rebuilt. The Sultan had a portion of the prisoners rebuild the destroyed houses and walls and occupy them
435:
The city was commanded by two
Byzantine generals, Duke Bagrat and Gregory. The city was said to be impossible to conquer. The city was located on a rocky peninsula overhanging a rapid river. A deep ravine to the west of the river protected the city. The Seljuks began setting up their tents, and the
447:
Meanwhile, the
Seljuks managed to destroy a portion of the walls due to undermining works with underground tunnels. The Seljuks entered the city on August 16 after a siege of 25 days. The defenders of the walls escaped and fortified themselves for a while in the citadel, but later escaped. The
418:
The newly consolidated Seljuk sultan, Alp Arslan, aimed to increase the size of his borders in 1064, beginning with the wealthy neighboring regions of
Armenia and Iberia. Setting out to mount a campaign, he gathered skilled Arab and Persian technicians to outfit his army with siege engines.
377:
economically and culturally. In the 10th century, the population was perhaps 50,000–100,000. Its renown was such that it was known as the "city of forty gates" and the "city of a thousand and one churches." Ani also became the site of the royal mausoleum of
Bagratuni kings.
422:
Ani served as the campaign's strategic goal. The Sultan proceeded in a circle, subduing the mountainous regions north of Ani before moving on to
Georgia, where he defeated and vassalized King Bagrat IV. Before that, the Byzantine strongholds in the
439:
The defenders were ill-prepared and in short supply, which put them in a difficult situation. In addition, supplies were scarce, and there was a strained relationship between the populace and the commanders. According to
468:, praised the Sultan for his victory and gave him the title "Abul-Fath." The Armenian king of Kars, Gagik, pledged allegiance to the Sultan; however, he left the city and gave his lands to the Byzantines.
413:
389:, was invited by the emperor to Constantinople, declaring he would be made ruler of Ani and Shirak. Gagik accepted, and thus Ani fell to the Byzantines; however, it was a ruse. The Byzantines deposed
696:
Frederick
William Bussell (1910), The Roman Empire, Essays on the Constitutional History from the Accession of Domitian (81 A. D.) to the Retirement of Nicephorus III (1081 A.D.).
176:
444:, the sultan, realizing he could not breach the walls, ordered the construction of battering rams, placed hay on top of them, and had the soldiers inside to attack.
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Valley and further west were taken by another division led by Vizier Nizam al-Mulk. These two Seljuk armies joined together on Ani at the start of July 1064.
169:
381:
In 1045, the
Byzantine emperor, Constantine IX Monomachos, organized a new expedition for the conquest of the city. assisted by the shaddadid ruler,
716:
506:
Manuk-Khaloyan, Armen, "In the
Cemetery of Their Ancestors: The Royal Burial Tombs of the Bagratuni Kings of Greater Armenia (890-1073/79)",
162:
361:
In 1064, the Seljuk Sultan, Alp Arslan, besieged the fortified city of Ani. After a siege of 25 days, the
Seljuks captured the city.
465:
282:
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garrison cavalry initially thought they were merchants. However, they realized the truth, and they fled to the city.
334:
314:
257:
721:
382:
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36:
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215:
186:
28:
287:
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373:(953–77) transferred the capital from Kars to Ani. Ani expanded rapidly during the reign of King
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8:
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During this time, the Seljuks began a military expedition to northeastern Anatolia under
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The massive silver cross from the Ani Cathedral was taken down and set down on the
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George Finlay (1877), The Byzantine and Greek empires, pt. 2, A.D. 1057-1453.
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and other local people and appointed mercenaries to rule the city.
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497:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998, p. 210.
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691:Oktay Belli (2021), Ani in Every Aspect.
551:Byzantine Battles, Capture of Ani (1064)
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414:Alp Arslan's invasion of Georgia (1064)
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448:commanders of the city were captured.
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717:Sieges of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars
16:Battle of the Byzantine–Seljuq wars
13:
14:
733:
669:Frederick William Bussell, p. 454
642:Frederick William Bussell, p. 454
561:Frederick William Bussell, p. 454
35:
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1:
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283:Campaigns of John II Komnenos
509:Revue des Études Arméniennes
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7:
383:Abu'l-Aswar Shavur ibn Fadl
10:
738:
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411:
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493:Redgate, Anne Elizabeth.
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48:
34:
26:
21:
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484:Oktay Belli, p. 58–9.
335:Antioch on the Meander
315:Hyelion and Leimocheir
107:Commanders and leaders
722:Battles of Alp Arslan
385:. The Armenian king,
188:Byzantine–Seljuk wars
141:Casualties and losses
56:July – 16 August 1064
29:Byzantine–Seljuk wars
678:George Finlay, p. 18
597:George Finlay, p. 18
579:George Finlay, p. 18
521:Oktay Belli, p. 61-2
464:The Abbasid caliph,
458:Nakhichevan Mosque's
512:35 (2013): 147–155.
461:with new settlers.
660:Oktay Belli, p. 64
651:Oktay Belli, p. 63
633:Oktay Belli, p. 63
624:Oktay Belli, p. 63
615:Oktay Belli, p. 63
606:Oktay Belli, p. 63
588:Oktay Belli, p. 62
570:Oktay Belli, p. 62
530:Oktay Belli, p. 62
391:Bagratuni dynasty
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96:Byzantine Empire
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81:Seljuk victory
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495:The Armenians
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369:In 961, king
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350:2nd Trebizond
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325:1st Trebizond
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216:1st Manzikert
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122:Nizam al-Mulk
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101:Seljuk Empire
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442:Ibn al-Athir
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398:Ibrahim Inal
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320:Claudiopolis
248:2nd Caesarea
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226:1st Caesarea
220:
90:Belligerents
72:(Modern day)
22:Siege of Ani
300:2nd Iconium
278:Philomelion
231:1st Iconium
112:Duke Bagrat
711:Categories
472:References
365:Background
273:2nd Nicaea
263:1st Nicaea
206:Vaspurakan
118:Alp Arslan
452:Aftermath
402:Tughril I
371:Ashot III
305:Turbessel
293:Sozopolis
253:Oinousses
466:Al-Qa'im
387:Gagik II
375:Smbat II
288:Laodicea
268:Mersivan
236:Sebastia
211:Kapetron
128:Strength
61:Location
27:Part of
686:Sources
408:Prelude
330:Antalya
258:Antioch
149:Unknown
136:Unknown
133:Unknown
114:Gregory
425:Araxes
340:Sinope
78:Result
431:Siege
345:Sudak
201:Ganja
146:Heavy
44:walls
400:and
70:Kars
53:Date
221:Ani
66:Ani
42:Ani
713::
535:^
404:.
68:,
178:e
171:t
164:v
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