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recorded as a protected area, and therefore is subjective to drastic habitat loss if no conservation practices are put in place. The progressive disappearance of its habitat, with the large population of the Siau people , restrains the primate communities within a small area. Other threats such as the volcanic activities of the island, though most of these are interconnected and all play an important role in the endangerment of the
476:/Ruang, and Siau. Like Sangihe Island, itself, each of these three island clusters are a part of the Sangihe Island volcanic arc. Volcanic arcs, like the Galapagos and Hawaiian Island chains, feature islands that erupt from the ocean floor. In such circumstances, islands form independently, are colonized independently, and remain geographically isolated. These characteristics lead to high levels of
419:
480:. The presence of tarsiers on the most distant island group in the Sangihe volcanic arc (i.e. Sangihe island), led to curiosity about the presence of tarsiers on the other islands in the chain. Each of the three island clusters mentioned above were surveyed for the presence of tarsiers in 2004 and 2005, but tarsiers were only observed on Siau.
308:
is its distinctive duet note in the different sexes. The Siau Island tarsier is a very small species which measures around 4 to 6 inches (10–15 cm) in body length. Their long tails can add another 8 inches (20 cm) to their total length. They weigh between 100 and 150 grams, which makes them
248:
species is one of 14 species and 7 subspecies in the tarsier family called "Tarsiidae". They belong to the
Haplorrhini suborder, known as the "dry-nosed" primates. The tarsier's eyes are so big that they do not move in its socket and they are almost as big as its brain. Locally in the Siau dialect of
349:
species, which means they spend most of their time in trees, and therefore are very agile and excellent at jumping and climbing. They can jump up to 10 ft (3 m) high, have a neck that turns 180 degrees, and have good hearing. They also have long thin fingers which helps them to grab things such
527:
Species
Survival Commission, Primate Specialist Group. Some of the reasons as to why this species of tarsier is critically endangered is because they are hunted for their meat, to be used as traditional medicine and to be sold as domestic pets in the pet trade. Its habit is at risk since it is not
445:), depending on what forest they are in. They can usually be found entering their trees to go sleep between 5:00 AM and 6:00 AM. The members of each group sleep individually in their own trees to avoid a predator attack on the entire family.
1013:; Wallis, J.; Rylands, A.B.; Ganzhorn, J.U.; Oates, J.F.; Williamson, E.A.; Palacios, E.; Heymann, E.W.; Kierulff, M.C.M.; Long Yongcheng; Supriatna, J.; Roos, C.; Walker, S.; Cortés-Ortiz, L.; Schwitzer, C., eds. (2009).
518:
are known for their critically endangered avifauna, and concerns about the conservation status of the Siau Island tarsier grew before its formal description. The Siau Island tarsier was selected for the list of
382:
species that feed on small animals such as frogs, lizards and small birds, but mostly eat insects like spiders. They have a very wide mouth, strong jaw and sharp teeth which help them feed off small animals.
959:
Shekelle, Myron; Meier, Rudolf; Indrawan, Mochamad; Maryanto, Ibnu; Salim, Agus; Supriatna, Jatna; Andayani, Noviar (2007). "When "Not
Extinct" is Not Good News: Conservation in the Sangihe Islands".
403:
and they have found that they live in a small range of 125 km (48 sq mi), with an even smaller occupancy range of approximately 19.4 km (7.5 sq mi). The
1022:. Illustrated by S.D. Nash. Arlington, VA.: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), and Conservation International (CI). pp. 1–92.
924:
Brandon-Jones, D.; Eudey, A. A.; Geissmann, T.; Groves, C. P.; Melnick, D. J.; Morales, J. C.; Shekelle, M.; Stewart, C. -B. (2004). "Asian primate classification".
1680:
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195:
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Shekelle, M.; Salim, A. (2009). "An acute conservation threat to two tarsier species in the
Sangihe Island chain, North Sulawesi, Indonesia".
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The main characteristics of the tumpara tarsiers include having a white ventral fur, lacking the distinctive golden dorsal fur of the
457:. The rationale was that a geographic discontinuity existed between the northern tip of Sulawesi, and the population of tarsiers on
1561:
1587:
1243:
469:
1027:
738:"Geographical Variation in Duet Songs of Sulawesi Tarsiers: Evidence for New Cryptic Species in South and Southeast Sulawesi"
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468:), approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) to the north. In between, lay very deep oceans and three island clusters,
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tarsier species has a population of approximately 1,358–12,470 and is declining due to the many threats they face.
213:
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502:. Thus it was argued for further investigations of the Siau tarsier to see if it was taxonomically separable from
1700:
814:
Faulkner, S. C.; Stevenson, M. D.; Verity, R.; Mustari, A. H.; Semple, S.; Tosh, D. G.; Comber, S. C. (2015).
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main method of hunting consists of sitting quietly on a branch and waiting for a prey to arrive to attack it.
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species are nocturnal and can be found sleeping in tree holes during the day, especially those of fig trees (
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54:
1695:
1393:
1236:
849:
634:
1055:"A Problem Shared Is a Problem Reduced: Seeking Efficiency in the Conservation of Felids and Primates"
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816:"Using Geographic Profiling to Locate Elusive Nocturnal Animals: a Case Study with Spectral Tarsiers"
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tarsier. This species is rapidly declining, having declined by more than 25% in the last 25 years.
1644:
1033:
1488:
1333:
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Shekelle, M.; Leksono, S. M. (2004). "Rencana konservasi di Pulau
Sulawesi: dengan menggunakan
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Its existence as a distinct taxon was predicted by the hybrid biogeographic hypothesis for
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370:. Pregnancy lasts around six months and the mother gives birth to a single offspring.
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1112:"Primates of Sulawesi: An Update on Habitat Distribution, Population and Conservation"
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is endemic to Siau Island, Indonesia. This species was located geographically using
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that range in shades of gold and brown. The size of its eyes helps the species with
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The Siau Island tarsier has very big eyes that do not move, and have very big
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Macdonald, David W.; Burnham, Dawn; Hinks, Amy E.; Wrangham, Richard (2012).
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sebagai flagship spesies (Conservation strategy in
Sulawesi Island using
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Primates in Peril: The World's 25 Most
Endangered Primates 2008–2010
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It was furthermore elaborated upon that the original description of
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784:"tarsier | Description, Species, Habitat, & Facts | Britannica"
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at two years old, this means that they carry and give birth to an
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Supriatna, Jatna; Winarni, Nurul L.; Dwiyahreni, Asri A. (2015).
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Shekelle, M.; Groves, C.; Merker, S.; Supriatna, J. (2008).
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Shekelle, M.; Groves, C.; Merker, S.; Supriatna, J. (2008).
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behaviour makes it difficult for predators to catch them.
854:: A new tarsier species from Siau Island, North Sulawesi"
639:: A new tarsier species from Siau Island, North Sulawesi"
713:"Siau Island Tarsier | New England Primate Conservancy"
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very quiet when they leap on dense vines or branches.
583:
736:Burton, James A.; Nietsch, Alexandra (2010-12-01).
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391:Tarsiers are found in Southeast Asia, though the
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609:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T179234A17977202.en
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521:The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates
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350:as when they are capturing prey. The
926:International Journal of Primatology
742:International Journal of Primatology
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1711:Critically endangered fauna of Asia
595:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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981:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00622_1.x
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540:The species primary predators are
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236:from the tiny volcanic island of
584:Shekelle, M.; Salim, A. (2020).
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282:Anatomy and physical appearance
269:, these names are used for the
261:dialect which called tarsiers,
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345:Siau Island tarsiers are an
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1394:Gursky's spectral tarsier (
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1721:Taxa named by Colin Groves
1691:Endemic fauna of Indonesia
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253:, the tarsiers are called
1716:Mammals described in 2008
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1252:Extant species of family
1176:10.1017/S0030605309000337
754:10.1007/s10764-010-9449-8
333:(which is very common in
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70:Scientific classification
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37:
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905:as flagship species)".
426:tree, a tarsier habitat
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1179:(inactive 2024-07-18).
602:: e.T179234A17977202.
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206:, J. Supriatna. (2008)
1701:Primates of Indonesia
1640:Paleobiology Database
1430:Siau Island tarsier (
1334:Horsfield's tarsier (
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421:
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55:Critically Endangered
1310:Philippine tarsier (
1205:Siau Island tarsier
961:Conservation Biology
873:10.1896/052.023.0106
861:Primate Conservation
658:10.1896/052.023.0106
646:Primate Conservation
401:geographic profiling
24:Siau Island tarsier
1696:Mammals of Sulawesi
1457:Niemitz's tarsier (
1439:Wallace's tarsier (
1396:T. spectrumgurskyae
1059:Folia Primatologica
973:2007ConBi..21....4S
466:Tarsius sangirensis
289:Tarsius sangirensis
224:Siau Island tarsier
40:Conservation status
1448:Makassar tarsier (
1358:Spectral tarsier (
820:Journal of Zoology
788:www.britannica.com
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232:) is a species of
16:Species of primate
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1627:Open Tree of Life
1489:Taxon identifiers
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1412:Sangihe tarsier (
1403:Jatna's tarsier (
1376:Lariang tarsier (
1207:(Tarsius tumpara)
1072:10.1159/000342399
1039:on July 23, 2011.
1029:978-1-934151-34-1
1011:Mittermeier, R.A.
832:10.1111/jzo.12203
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358:Reproduction
352:T. tumpara's
351:
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325:. They have
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1575:iNaturalist
1521:Wikispecies
1459:T. niemitzi
1441:T. wallacei
1369:T. dentatus
1210:media from
1116:Taprobanica
615:12 November
474:Tagulandang
380:carnivorous
378:They are a
296:from other
1675:Categories
1432:T. tumpara
1423:T. pumilus
1378:T. lariang
1360:T. tarsier
1290:Haplorhini
1288:Suborder:
1143:2022-04-12
1122:: 170–192.
967:(1): 4–5.
932:: 97–164.
913:(1): 1–10.
793:2022-04-12
719:2022-04-11
571:References
561:feral cats
488:T. tumpara
393:T. tumpara
294:T. tumpara
246:T. tumpara
137:Haplorhini
133:Suborder:
1450:T. fuscus
1264:Kingdom:
1254:Tarsiidae
1134:"Tarsier"
1081:0015-5713
867:: 55–64.
762:1573-8604
652:: 55–64.
536:Predators
523:" by the
490:on a tree
387:Geography
374:Nutrition
368:offspring
306:T. dianae
273:instead.
242:Indonesia
165:Species:
147:Tarsiidae
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1686:Tarsiers
1653:Species+
1554:10657933
1512:Q1133505
1506:Wikidata
1473:Category
1284:Primates
1278:Mammalia
1272:Chordata
1270:Phylum:
1266:Animalia
1089:23363584
997:31273860
989:17298499
946:29045930
881:55493260
770:32358378
666:55493260
546:arboreal
478:endemism
455:Sulawesi
449:Taxonomy
347:arboreal
263:Senggasi
196:Shekelle
143:Family:
127:Primates
117:Mammalia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1632:6145231
1619:1000927
1567:8160643
1349:Tarsius
1301:Carlito
1282:Order:
1276:Class:
1097:8260464
969:Bibcode
903:Tarsius
899:Tarsius
565:cryptic
553:lizards
530:tumpara
437:tarsier
431:Habitat
405:tumpara
341:Agility
335:mammals
331:tapetum
298:tarsier
259:Sangihe
255:Tumpara
234:tarsier
158:Tarsius
153:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
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1606:179234
1593:944120
1580:113782
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542:humans
319:irises
244:. The
204:Merker
200:Groves
1541:54XZL
1093:S2CID
1037:(PDF)
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993:S2CID
942:S2CID
907:Biota
877:S2CID
857:(PDF)
766:S2CID
662:S2CID
642:(PDF)
470:Biaro
461:(the
442:Ficus
424:Ficus
1658:7151
1601:IUCN
1588:ITIS
1562:GBIF
1191:link
1163:Oryx
1085:PMID
1077:ISSN
1024:ISBN
985:PMID
758:ISSN
617:2021
600:2020
559:and
525:IUCN
514:The
435:The
422:The
399:and
313:Eyes
304:and
267:Higo
238:Siau
222:The
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1549:EoL
1536:CoL
1171:doi
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