316:", the selection of which is solely the responsibility of the executive producer. They are usually the most senior writer on the staff, or "Head Writer", and therefore the dominant voice in the writers' room, who assist the showrunner by spearheading the management of the scripts. They also assist the showrunner in production, and in oversee the writers. The co-executive producer's duties typically include liaising between executives and staff, making design and directorial decisions, running the production when the Executive Producer is not present, and assisting with such daily activities as financing, staffing, scheduling, and other operations.
327:
Supervising producers help oversee a show's daily creative direction, overseeing other producers and members of the production staff with administrative and creative duties. These include hiring episode directors, overseeing the writers' room, assisting with script rewrites, and training new writers.
63:
was created to identify the executive producer who holds ultimate management and creative authority for the program." The contract gained by the
Writers Guild of America in the 2023 strike now explicitly defines "showrunner" as writers and people responsible for making hiring decisions regarding a
339:
Producers coordinate and supervise all aspects of TV production, in both creative and administrative capacities, including making financial decisions, and handling contracts, talent, and bargaining agreements. They also address problems that arise during production, and make sure that it does not
300:
of a series. The executive producer is often the creator of a series, and sometimes serves as the showrunner as well. They help write scripts, and run day-to-day production operations, overseeing production of a story from script to screen. The precise functions of an executive producer can vary,
211:
He explains the moniker was created to identify the producer who actually held ultimate management and creative authority for the program, given the way the honorific 'executive producer' was applied to a wider range of roles. There's also the fact that anyone with any power wanted a producer's
51:, defines a showrunner as "the person responsible for all creative aspects of the show and responsible only to the network (and production company, if it's not production company). The boss. Usually a writer. Traditionally, the executive producer of a television program was the
262:, explaining that showrunners determine the tone and genre of the show, and break down the structure of a season, its episodes, and storylines, prior to actual production of the program. Saleh listed the hierarchy of the staff on WGA shows, in order of authority:
822:
Moral Rights and the Motion
Picture Industry: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Administration of Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, Second Session, January 9,
55:, responsible for the show's creative direction and production. Over time, the title of executive producer was applied to a wider range of roles—from a senior writer, to someone who arranges financing, to an "angel" who holds the title as an
115:
to the MGM musical. They were the producers... the storytellers. Today in television, the producer is still that person: the show-runner. Television is a producer's medium. Ask the people who make and stand behind their shows – from
212:
credit, including the leading actors, who often did no more than say the writers' lines. "It had got to the stage where it was incredibly confusing; there were so many production credits no one knew who was responsible," he says.
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441:(2000–11), which had several showrunners in succession. Initially, the show was overseen by creator Fred Barron from series 1–4. Ian Brown and James Hendrie took over for series 5, followed by American writer
1045:
35:(or its most prolific writer). The role of a showrunner is not present on all television series, especially outside the US; this article describes the nature of the role where it is present.
903:
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exceed its budget. Their duties include fundraising and networking, soliciting and assessing scripts and project ideas, hiring writers, and securing rights to other intellectual properties.
381:
According to Saleh, this position, the lowest level in the writers' room, is the one in which new writers are usually placed when they obtain their first job writing on a television show.
432:. "Nonetheless, the show runner production model is still less common in drama production in the UK" than it is in the U.S., scholars Ruth McElroy and Caitriona Noonan wrote in 2019.
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136:
or Phil de Guerre . The definition of who does what in television today is not that different from what it was generally in
Hollywood before a few critics in France coined the term '
31:
has creative control over the production, and the executive producer's role is limited to investing. In scripted comedy and drama TV shows, the showrunner also usually serves as the
870:
660:
230:, he said, a showrunner could be paid less than a co-executive producer "because everything else that I do — from hiring the writers, to being on set and producing, to being in
67:
In a
January 1990 submission to the United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Administration of Justice,
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depending on multiple factors. In some cases, the title is used to credit a writer who had signed off on a series, but had little involvement with its production.
238:
and
Hollywood emphasizing profitability, overall deals became much rarer. Reduced compensation for showrunners and others in the writers' room helped cause the
27:
of a television series. The position outranks other creative and management personnel, including episode directors, in contrast to feature films, in which the
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later took over from Moffat. Davies returned, following
Chibnall's departure. The term has also been used to refer to other writer-producers, such as
1094:
181:" entertainment economy, viewers don't watch networks. They don't even care about networks. They watch shows. And they don't care how they get them.
837:
819:
Justice, United States
Congress House Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Administration of (1991).
780:
169:, write scripts, cast actors, mind budgets and run interference with studio and network bosses. It's one of the most unusual and demanding,
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428:, specifically interpreted as a writer or presenter with overall responsibility for a television production, began to spread to the
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In an interview, Davies said that he felt the role of the showrunner was to establish and maintain a consistent tone in a drama.
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165:. They're not just writers; they're not just producers. They hire and fire writers and crew members, develop
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396:, the union representing screenwriters in Canada, established the Showrunner Award in 2007, at the annual
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1967:
1038:"What Is an Executive Producer? What's the Difference Between an Executive Producer and Producer?"
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said of the title of showrunner, "It's a made-up title, and it's not a paid position". Without an
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remains the most prominent example of a
British television programme with a showrunner, with
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The showrunner is the highest authority in charge of the production of a television show.
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took the producers, their traditional nemesis, to court – thus all but destroying the
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1095:"'The Late Show With Stephen Colbert' Promotes Matt Lappin to Co-Executive Producer"
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showrunner Tom
Anderson was in charge from series 7 to the final series, series 11.
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The first writer appointed the role of showrunner on a
British primetime drama was
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Supervising producers are required to have several years of production experience.
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90:
177:– the show and now more than ever, shows are the only things that matter. In the "
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wrote that "Over here, the concept of 'showrunner' has only made it as far as
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with no management duties in return for providing backing capital. The term
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2003:
1988:
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1543:"ITV1 saves Primeval from extinction after deal with digital channel Watch"
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978:
779:. Complications Ensue: The Crafty Screenwriting, TV and Game Writing Blog.
598:
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227:
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job descriptions in the entertainment world....howrunners make – and often
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94:
1241:
Producing British television drama : local production in a global era
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Co-executive producers have been analogized to an executive producers's "
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161:"Hyphenates", a curious hybrid of starry-eyed artists and tough-as-nails
108:
32:
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for months, then doing press — is not compensated". With the end of the
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and giving leave for the studios themselves to usurp the name producer.
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2008:
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had carried out a similar role on the less conspicuous medical drama
437:
178:
56:
1993:
1922:
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1378:
960:
697:
D'Arminio, Aubry (October 10, 2016). "Gary Glasberg: 1966–2016",
79:
In the early days of Hollywood, no one questioned what Producer
2143:
1830:
447:
137:
71:(Executive Vice President and Chairman, Television Division of
715:"What is a Showrunner: Shonad Rhimes's Advice for Showrunners"
1942:
507:
having taken over the post from Davies from 2010 until 2017.
803:"These are the biggest wins in the WGA's new labor contract"
400:. The first Showrunner Award was presented in April 2007 to
258:, listed the function and structure of the personnel in WGA
1471:"Steven Moffat stands down and Chris Chibnall to take over"
424:
In the first decade of the 21st century, the concept of a
2013:
297:
103:
735:
para. 2: "He or she is… always an executive producer."
435:
The first British comedy series to use the term was
1429:
as "...one of the few UK series with a showrunner".
1092:
814:
812:
157:columnist Scott Collins describes showrunners as:
712:
2480:
1571:"Jed Mercurio: taking aim at the target culture"
1444:"Steven Moffat: The man with a monster of a job"
747:Littlejohn, Janice Rhoshalle (August 15, 2008).
809:
296:The executive producer has been likened to the
1006:
1004:
634:"What does a producer do? - Television Series"
1596:
1238:
1213:"Britain's got talent – and it's untouchable"
774:
653:
1179:
939:"How streaming caused the TV writers strike"
902:Adalian, Josef; Brown, Lane (June 6, 2023).
901:
836:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1310:
1308:
1306:
1001:
1603:
1589:
746:
2390:
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1239:McElroy, Ruth; Noonan, Caitriona (2019).
1093:Schneider, Michael (September 27, 2022).
488:(to the extent that in 2009 a writer for
1540:
1303:
1281:
868:
713:MasterClass staff (September 10, 2021).
591:, a junior role not to be confused with
818:
242:. In an interview that same month with
16:Top-level producer of a television show
2481:
1568:
1541:Holmwood, Leigh (September 29, 2009).
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933:
931:
844:
2111:
1584:
1516:
1495:
1385:from the original on November 4, 2021
1314:
1068:"What does an executive producer do?"
1569:Curtis, Chris (September 20, 2012).
1282:Plunkett, John (December 14, 2009).
1187:"2007 Canadian Screenwriting Awards"
783:from the original on August 10, 2020
749:"TV's showrunners outrank directors"
240:2023 Writers Guild of America strike
1315:Brown, Maggie (February 10, 2014).
1284:"Holby City exec producer to leave"
928:
869:Blundell, Graeme (April 23, 2011).
13:
1496:Deans, Jason (November 20, 2006).
826:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
626:
484:brought the term to prominence in
14:
2525:
1167:from the original on July 1, 2023
1137:from the original on July 1, 2023
1107:from the original on July 1, 2023
1074:from the original on July 1, 2023
1048:from the original on July 1, 2023
1018:from the original on July 1, 2023
985:from the original on July 1, 2023
951:from the original on July 1, 2023
775:Epstein, Alex (August 24, 2005).
419:
2342:Concentration of media ownership
2236:Television content rating system
1243:. London: Springer. p. 57.
1127:"What Is a Supervising Producer"
38:
1718:Director of network programming
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967:
895:
862:
669:Writers' Guild of Great Britain
207:, described the position thus:
64:project's other staff writers.
871:"Getting the run of the place"
795:
768:
740:
706:
691:
478:' work on the 2005 revival of
1:
2041:Broadcasting of sports events
1334:Martin, Dan (June 24, 2009).
1317:"Line of Duty's Jed Mercurio"
1157:"What does a TV producer do?"
619:
398:Canadian Screenwriting Awards
73:Weintraub Entertainment Group
1373:(Interview). Interviewed by
7:
2257:Broadcast reference monitor
1411:. BBC. 2008. Archived from
1340:lost without its superman?"
853:, "Channel Island" column,
568:
430:British television industry
252:, who developed the series
10:
2532:
1811:Television program creator
851:"Showrunners run the show"
639:Producers Guild of America
575:Television program creator
2489:Entertainment occupations
2450:
2324:
2299:Professional video camera
2267:Digital on-screen graphic
2249:
2231:List of television awards
2218:
2173:
2026:
1976:
1891:Character generator (CG)
1859:
1753:
1705:
1697:Transmission control room
1682:Network operations center
1659:
1618:
1371:"Mark Lawson Talks to..."
1189:. Writers Guild of Canada
387:
2504:Broadcasting occupations
2309:Lighting control console
1498:"Twice the drama at ITV"
1405:"Paul Cornell interview"
458:, writer and creator of
404:, executive producer of
2362:Influence of mass media
1933:Unit production manager
1687:Production control room
1012:"Co-Executive Producer"
661:"Showrunning in the UK"
394:Writers Guild of Canada
358:Executive story editor
47:, in his book and blog
2514:Management occupations
2499:Television terminology
2494:Mass media occupations
1667:Central apparatus room
1425:Interviewer refers to
309:Co-executive producer
214:
183:
171:right-brain/left-brain
150:
111:to his early work, or
2284:Multiple-camera setup
2014:Visual effects artist
1963:Broadcast engineering
1636:History of television
1612:Television production
1573:. Broadcastnow.co.uk.
1161:New York Film Academy
1044:. November 14, 2022.
1014:. Chegg CareerMatch.
805:. September 30, 2023.
445:for series 6. Former
324:Supervising producer
209:
195:, the showrunner for
185:In a 2011 article in
159:
77:
2357:Freedom of the press
2289:Outside broadcasting
2241:Television criticism
2226:Audience measurement
2196:Political commentary
2159:Late-night talk show
1938:Production assistant
1903:Graphics coordinator
1898:Studio floor manager
1369:(January 16, 2008).
1211:(October 22, 2007).
777:"Tentative Glossary"
725:on December 25, 2021
163:operational managers
49:Crafty Screenwriting
2262:Character generator
1958:Television director
1791:Production designer
1677:Master control room
1415:on January 24, 2011
679:on December 2, 2020
604:Television director
580:Television producer
293:Executive producer
2468:Television studies
2408:Communications law
2377:Media manipulation
2124:Limited-run series
2103:Television special
2076:Reality television
2071:Police crime drama
1968:Technical director
1953:Technical director
1826:Production manager
1816:Executive producer
1776:Assistant director
1733:Sports commentator
1477:. January 23, 2016
1442:(March 22, 2010).
859:, 23 November 2007
486:British television
255:One of Us Is Lying
86:Gone with the Wind
25:executive producer
2476:
2475:
2446:
2445:
2418:Fairness Doctrine
2413:Entertainment law
2352:Freedom of speech
2214:
2213:
2206:Weather forecasts
2191:News broadcasting
2169:
2168:
2022:
2021:
1948:Stunt coordinator
1651:Television studio
1631:Broadcast network
1522:"Melodrama class"
1520:(March 3, 2009).
1367:Davies, Russell T
1163:. June 16, 2017.
916:on August 1, 2023
904:"The Binge Purge"
856:Los Angeles Times
527:, Ann McManus on
474:(2004–2006). But
407:Stargate Atlantis
385:
384:
204:NCIS: Los Angeles
154:Los Angeles Times
81:David O. Selznick
69:Barney Rosenzweig
23:is the top-level
2521:
2433:Media regulation
2388:
2387:
2294:Production truck
2171:
2170:
2134:Procedural drama
2109:
2108:
2086:Documentary film
2051:Event television
1781:Location manager
1766:Costume designer
1761:Casting director
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1070:. ScreenSkills.
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947:. June 7, 2023.
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926:
925:
923:
921:
912:. Archived from
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893:
892:
890:
888:
883:on July 13, 2011
879:. Archived from
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793:
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788:
772:
766:
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761:
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738:
737:
732:
730:
721:. Archived from
710:
704:
695:
689:
688:
686:
684:
678:
672:. Archived from
665:
657:
651:
650:
648:
646:
630:
609:Producer (radio)
518:Moving Wallpaper
476:Russell T Davies
265:
264:
146:Producer's Guild
107:] films, or
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2201:Traffic reports
2165:
2119:Animated series
2107:
2098:Television show
2081:Television film
2061:Live television
2028:
2018:
1977:Post-production
1972:
1882:Cinematographer
1877:Camera operator
1855:
1749:
1701:
1692:Stage (theatre)
1655:
1646:Television show
1641:Television crew
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1418:
1416:
1409:BBC Writersroom
1403:
1402:
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585:Television crew
571:
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122:Stephen Cannell
53:chief executive
41:
17:
12:
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2415:
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2405:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2385:
2384:
2382:Public opinion
2379:
2374:
2369:
2367:Media activism
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2347:Counterculture
2344:
2339:
2334:
2332:Agenda-setting
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2046:TV commercials
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2036:Beauty pageant
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2030:
2027:Types, formats
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2020:
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2016:
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1867:Audio engineer
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1786:Make-up artist
1783:
1778:
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1754:Pre-production
1748:
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1728:News presenter
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1619:Main / general
1616:
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1440:McLean, Gareth
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421:
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260:writers' rooms
236:streaming wars
218:Andy Greenwald
216:In June 2023,
188:The Australian
142:Writer's Guild
134:Edgar Scherick
126:Stephen Bochco
118:Aaron Spelling
99:Ginger Rodgers
40:
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2181:Breaking news
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2015:
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1740:News director
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614:News director
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535:Adrian Hodges
532:
531:
530:Waterloo Road
526:
525:
520:
519:
514:
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505:Steven Moffat
502:
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417:
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413:Stargate SG-1
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378:Staff writer
377:
374:
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368:Story editor
367:
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193:Shane Brennan
190:
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149:
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114:
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106:
105:
100:
96:
93:to all those
92:
91:Pandro Berman
88:
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39:United States
36:
34:
30:
26:
22:
2438:Pixelization
2428:Media reform
2423:Media policy
2403:Bleep censor
2316:Vision mixer
2091:Mockumentary
2066:Variety show
1989:Foley artist
1984:Sound editor
1887:Videographer
1851:Story editor
1841:Screenwriter
1801:Set designer
1744:
1564:
1552:. Retrieved
1548:The Guardian
1546:
1531:. Retrieved
1527:The Guardian
1525:
1518:Wilby, Peter
1507:. Retrieved
1503:The Guardian
1501:
1491:
1479:. Retrieved
1474:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1449:The Guardian
1447:
1434:
1426:
1417:. Retrieved
1413:the original
1408:
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1345:The Guardian
1343:
1337:
1329:
1321:The Guardian
1320:
1293:. Retrieved
1289:The Guardian
1287:
1277:
1269:comedy.co.uk
1268:
1259:
1240:
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1218:The Guardian
1216:
1209:Lawson, Mark
1203:
1191:. Retrieved
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1151:
1139:. Retrieved
1131:ZipRecruiter
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1098:
1088:
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1062:
1050:. Retrieved
1032:
1020:. Retrieved
993:– via
987:. Retrieved
979:Random House
975:"showrunner"
969:
959:– via
953:. Retrieved
942:
918:. Retrieved
914:the original
907:
897:
885:. Retrieved
881:the original
874:
864:
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846:
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770:
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752:
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723:the original
718:
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693:
681:. Retrieved
674:the original
667:
655:
643:. Retrieved
637:
628:
599:Screenwriter
592:
560:
556:Line of Duty
554:
548:
545:Jed Mercurio
538:
528:
522:
516:
500:
498:
493:
490:The Guardian
489:
479:
469:
466:Jed Mercurio
459:
453:
446:
436:
434:
425:
423:
411:
405:
391:
348:Co-producer
253:
243:
228:overall deal
221:
215:
210:
202:
196:
186:
184:
160:
152:
151:
113:Arthur Freed
102:
95:Fred Astaire
84:
78:
66:
60:
52:
48:
45:Alex Epstein
42:
20:
18:
2509:Showrunners
2277:Microphones
2186:Debate show
1836:Head writer
1806:TV producer
1771:TV director
1375:Mark Lawson
1265:"My Family"
1042:MasterClass
729:February 6,
719:MasterClass
645:October 24,
587:(including
513:Tony Jordan
464:, in 2005.
456:Tony McHale
443:Tom Leopold
402:Brad Wright
282:Showrunner
250:Erica Saleh
167:story lines
109:Walt Disney
33:head writer
2483:Categories
2391:Regulation
2372:Media bias
2337:Censorship
2149:Soap opera
2129:Miniseries
2029:and genres
1928:Dolly grip
1860:Production
1796:Researcher
1745:Showrunner
1475:Doctor Who
1427:Doctor Who
920:January 8,
787:August 29,
760:January 8,
700:upTV Guide
683:August 29,
620:References
593:Showrunner
524:Echo Beach
501:Doctor Who
494:Doctor Who
481:Doctor Who
461:Holby City
426:showrunner
314:first mate
223:Briarpatch
140:' and the
101: [
61:showrunner
21:showrunner
2250:Technical
2219:Valuation
2154:Talk show
2056:Game show
2009:Publicist
1713:Celebrity
1554:April 27,
1533:April 27,
1509:April 27,
1481:April 10,
1455:April 27,
1419:April 27,
1389:April 27,
1351:April 27,
1295:April 27,
1224:April 27,
832:cite book
438:My Family
336:Producer
271:Position
248:, writer
179:long tail
57:honorific
1999:Colorist
1994:Composer
1923:Key grip
1893:operator
1706:Profiles
1626:Audience
1383:Archived
1379:BBC Four
1193:July 11,
1165:Archived
1135:Archived
1105:Archived
1072:Archived
1046:Archived
1016:Archived
983:Archived
949:Archived
781:Archived
703:. p. 17.
569:See also
562:Critical
540:Primeval
130:Len Hill
75:) wrote:
29:director
1171:July 1,
1141:July 1,
1111:July 1,
1100:Variety
1078:July 1,
1052:July 1,
1022:July 1,
989:July 1,
961:YouTube
955:July 1,
909:Vulture
887:May 28,
754:Variety
83:was to
43:Writer
2451:Theory
2325:Issues
2144:Sitcom
2139:Serial
2112:Series
2004:Editor
1913:gaffer
1831:Writer
1660:Places
1338:Heroes
1247:
589:Runner
559:, and
550:Bodies
471:Bodies
448:Cheers
388:Canada
274:Notes
268:Level
175:create
138:auteur
1943:Gofer
677:(PDF)
664:(PDF)
89:, or
2174:News
1918:grip
1723:Host
1556:2010
1535:2010
1511:2010
1483:2018
1457:2010
1421:2010
1391:2010
1353:2010
1336:"Is
1297:2010
1245:ISBN
1226:2010
1195:2008
1173:2023
1143:2023
1113:2023
1080:2023
1054:2023
1024:2023
991:2023
957:2023
922:2024
889:2011
838:link
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