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The length of shots is an important consideration that can greatly affect a film. The purpose of editing any given scene is to create a representation of the way the scene might be perceived by the "story teller." Shots with a longer duration can make a scene seem more relaxed and slower-paced
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is defined by giving an establishing "broad overview" over a scene, whether performed by a wide shot with a fixed camera, a zoom, a series of different close-ups achieved by camera motion, or a sequence of independent close-angle shots edited right after each
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Shots with extremely long durations are difficult to do because any error in the shot would force the filmmaker to restart from scratch, and are thus only occasionally used. Films famous for their
127:, for instance, which is "how much you see"), so the same idea can also be expressed as that the lens's angle of view plus camera-subject distance is the camera's field of view.
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the dolly shot, also known as a tracking or trolley shot, in which the camera moves toward or away from its subject while filming. Traditionally dolly shots are filmed from a
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The term "shot" is derived from the early days of film production when cameras were hand-cranked, and operated similarly to the hand-cranked
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are used to further express emotion, ideas and movement. The term "shot" can refer to two different parts of the filmmaking process:
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Ark, which was made in 2002 using digital recording technology, other films known for their extremely long takes include
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of the time. That is, a cameraman would "shoot" film the way someone would "shoot" bullets from a machine gun.
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in which the entire first scene is a long take featuring
Bonasera describing the assault on his daughter, and
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also referred to as a "Cowboy shot" in reference to the gun holster being just above the bottom frame line,
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The field size explains how much of the subject and its surrounding area is visible within the camera's
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is a single 134-minute long take, the narrator succeeded in playing with time and including several
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is also known for using very long takes consistently in his films. Joss Whedon's feature film
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In production, a shot is the moment that the camera starts rolling until the moment it stops.
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The average shot length (ASL) of a film is one of its cinemetrical measures. For example,
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Cutting between shots taken at different times or from different perspectives is known as
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has a length of 117 minutes and consists of 1292 shots, so the ASL is 5.4 seconds, while
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is created in editing by replacing a picture with another while the audio stays the same
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that runs for an uninterrupted period of time. Film shots are an essential aspect of a
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whereas shots with a shorter duration can make a scene seem urgent and faster-paced.
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the "Italian shot", where only a person's eyes are visible, named after the genre of
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is created in editing by displaying a single frame for an elongated duration of time
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401:(in the latter, care must be applied to avoid a continuity error by violating the
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the medium close-up, where more of the shoulder is visible than in the close-up,
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the extreme close-up, where the frame stops at the subject's chin and forehead.
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This article is about a technique used in filmmaking. For other usages, see
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is defined as a 180-degree camera turn to the preceding image, common in
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of the lens. Note that the shorter a lens's focal length, the wider its
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The
Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age
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Series of frames that runs for an uninterrupted period of time
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introduces the main characters with a long take. Although
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the medium-long shot, where the frame ends near the knees,
277:*Full shot (figure shot, complete view, medium long shot)
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for a type of shot in certain
American films of the
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is a scene done in one single take, with no editing
139:), that shows the environment around the subjects,
731:(4th ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 21.
455:but the same motion may also be performed with a
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490:, and is one of the central arts of filmmaking.
565:opens with a long tracking crane shot, as does
238:Field size shots comparison (* = "basic" shots)
103:Shots can be categorized in a number of ways.
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669:Film: An International History of the Medium
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700:"Movie Speak; Scissorhands Revisited"
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685:Ascher, Steven, and Edward Pincus.
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412:where two people are in the picture.
181:(used for epic views and panoramas),
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228:, that established this particular
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708:Podcast. "KCRW's The Business."
689:. New York: Plume, 1999. p. 214.
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199:, a characterization from French
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135:or wide shot (often used as an
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650:List of one-shot music videos
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289:American shot (3/4 shot)
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520:is a single 96-minute
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377:over the shoulder shot
1017:multiple-camera setup
589:2001: A Space Odyssey
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190:outside the waistband
1438:Infrared photography
804:Cinematic techniques
533:Francis Ford Coppola
728:Grammar of the Shot
334:By camera placement
218:, particularly the
97:Categories of shots
1488:Tilted plane focus
1428:Forced perspective
1336:Costumed character
1321:Air bladder effect
940:Wide / Long / Full
715:. 10 August 2009.
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384:point of view shot
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1473:Schüfftan process
1453:Multiple exposure
1366:Prosthetic makeup
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1231:Freeze-frame shot
1216:Establishing shot
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990:Over-the-shoulder
592:and the works of
439:freeze frame shot
424:establishing shot
417:By other criteria
399:over the shoulder
253:Extreme long shot
179:extreme long shot
137:establishing shot
16:(Redirected from
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1573:Optical printing
1448:Lighting effects
1433:Front projection
1396:Theatrical blood
1356:Miniature effect
1331:Bullet hit squib
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123:(the 'angle' in
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107:By field size
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1618:Film editing
1583:Split screen
1578:Smallgantics
1568:Match moving
1376:Pyrotechnics
1326:Animatronics
1166:Lens effects
1027:Camera angle
1015: /
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898:Non-diegetic
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742:. Retrieved
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557:Orson Welles
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482:Film editing
468:Film editing
453:camera dolly
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391:reverse shot
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301:*Medium shot
229:
226:Sergio Leone
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117:focal length
110:
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91:machine guns
88:
78:film editing
46:
36:
1588:Stop motion
1563:Introvision
1543:Compositing
1533:Bullet time
1515:Stop motion
1503:Slow motion
1498:Fast motion
1443:Lens flares
1418:Bullet time
1391:Sugar glass
1381:Rubber mask
1315:wire-flying
1221:Master shot
1075:Dutch angle
985:Perspective
767:Ascher, 346
517:Russian Ark
446:insert shot
432:master shot
350:aerial shot
154:medium shot
63:transitions
18:Shot (film)
1607:Categories
1538:Chroma key
1493:Time-lapse
1458:Filtration
1423:Dolly zoom
1351:Kitbashing
1157:Dolly zoom
1055:Crane shot
1050:Bird's-eye
1045:High-angle
933:Field size
908:Film score
850:Lens flare
820:Background
744:August 11,
656:References
640:Filmmaking
635:Film frame
618:flashbacks
572:The Player
498:See also:
361:crane shot
265:*Long shot
230:field size
39:filmmaking
1558:Go motion
1483:Slit-scan
1405:In-camera
1304:Practical
1236:Long take
1142:SnorriCam
1137:Steadicam
1117:Hand-held
1065:Low-angle
903:Narration
865:Rembrandt
604:Béla Tarr
529:long cuts
522:long take
500:Long take
457:Steadicam
313:*Close-up
144:full shot
133:long shot
85:Etymology
1371:Puppetry
1241:One-shot
1127:Tracking
1110:Whip pan
1060:Jib shot
965:Two shot
955:Close-up
945:American
925:Shooting
893:Diegetic
840:High-key
812:Lighting
704:Archived
624:See also
609:Serenity
531:include
511:The Mist
494:Duration
410:two shot
164:close-up
1547:digital
1545: (
1413:Bipacks
1360:hanging
1358: (
1313: (
1200:Zooming
1188:Shallow
1178:Racking
1105:Panning
1100:Tilting
1003:Reverse
960:Italian
855:Low-key
713:89.9 FM
599:Solaris
580:Russian
1525:Visual
1246:Insert
1226:B-roll
1152:Follow
1040:Aerial
1013:Single
950:Medium
735:
461:gimbal
427:other,
59:angles
57:where
51:frames
1173:Focus
1132:Dolly
1122:Shaky
1008:Trunk
997:(POV)
885:Sound
870:Stage
835:Flood
825:Cameo
209:1940s
205:1930s
55:movie
1193:Deep
1035:Tilt
875:Soft
860:Mood
830:Fill
746:2023
733:ISBN
711:KCRW
645:Take
553:reel
548:Rope
444:the
437:the
430:the
422:the
408:the
397:and
389:the
382:the
375:the
366:the
355:the
348:the
207:and
184:the
177:the
162:the
152:the
142:the
131:the
67:cuts
65:and
47:shot
45:, a
41:and
32:Shot
845:Key
586:'s
569:'s
559:'s
545:'s
535:'s
459:or
224:by
195:in
76:In
37:In
1609::
702:.
676:^
620:.
602:.
575:.
405:),
363:),
345::
61:,
1549:)
1362:)
1317:)
1288:e
1281:t
1274:v
796:e
789:t
782:v
748:.
386:,
379:,
370:,
352:,
232:.
34:.
20:)
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