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85:, throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. Following its decline in the United Kingdom, the centre of the shoddy trade shifted to the city of
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132:, which became a generalised term for poor quality goods. It is still used as a technical term for recycled wool within the industry.
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In practice, few outside the industry were aware of these distinctions, even when rag wool was widely used. The common name was
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in India. Efforts have been made to revive the
British recycled wool industry in the 21st century.
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The
Genesis of Industrial Capital: A Study of West Riding Wool Textile Industry, C.1750-1850
139:, which is made from manufactured wool products that were never used by the consumer, and
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in 1813. It was the dominant industry of Batley and neighbouring towns in the
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The
History of the Shoddy-trade: Its Rise, Progress, and Present Position
101:. Manufacturers distinguished between three main categories of rag wool:
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made by shredding existing fabric and re-spinning the resulting fibres.
363:"In Panipat, the world's 'castoff capital', business hangs by a thread"
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are used to distinguish newly-produced, never-used wool from shoddy.
32:
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An
Environmental History of Britain since the Industrial Revolution
118:, that were harder to disintegrate but resulted in a finer product;
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55:
451:(July 1946). p. 47. Reprinted at ftc.gov. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
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330:"Panipat, the global centre for recycling textiles, is fading"
143:, which the consumer has used. Other bodies refer to these as
124:– made from the wool portion of cotton/wool blended fabrics.
462:"Recycled Wool: A Primer for Newcomers & Rediscoverers"
135:
Regulators in the United States make a distinction between
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389:"Evergreen: From shoddy manufacture to textile recycling"
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is an important mechanism for reducing the need for raw
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The West Riding recovered wool industry, ca. 1813–1939
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278:Revival: The Woollen and Worsted Industries (1907)
203:. Chicago: University of Chicago. pp. 19–35.
97:Historically, recycled wool products were called
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27:Textile made from shredded and respun wool
436:"The Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939."
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464:. European Outdoor Group. 13 April 2018
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73:Shoddy was invented by Benjamin Law of
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275:Clapham, J. H. (20 December 2018).
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237:(PhD thesis). University of York.
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231:Malin, John Christopher (1979).
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254:. Cambridge University Press.
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185:. London: Houlston and Wright.
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302:Clapp, B. W. (15 July 2014).
248:Hudson, Pat (11 April 2002).
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414:"A City of Honest Imposture"
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500:Products introduced in 1813
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199:Shell, Hanna Rose (2020).
424:(25): 441. 8 April 1871.
79:West Riding of Yorkshire
36:A pile of recycled wool.
83:Heavy Woollen District
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446:Temple Law Quarterly.
179:Jubb, Samuel (1860).
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336:. 7 September 2017.
367:hindustantimes.com/
441:2016-06-05 at the
418:All the Year Round
70:in manufacturing.
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434:Robert E. Freer.
64:Textile recycling
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93:Terminology
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154:The terms
495:Recycling
342:0013-0613
468:24 March
439:Archived
398:24 March
373:24 March
347:24 March
160:new wool
99:rag wool
45:rag wool
122:Extract
87:Panipat
56:textile
53:woollen
51:is any
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130:shoddy
106:Shoddy
75:Batley
49:shoddy
18:Shoddy
116:felts
112:Mungo
490:Wool
470:2019
449:20.1
400:2019
375:2019
349:2019
338:ISSN
310:ISBN
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158:and
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68:wool
60:yarn
58:or
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