218:"Burying Ground for Negroes". On the 1817 Map of the City of Richmond, it appears as the "Free People of Colour's B.G." and "Negro(e's) B.G.". The 1835 Plan of the City of Richmond has it recorded as the "Grave Yard for Free People of Colour" and "For Slaves". On that map the burying ground for slaves had been increased by about 1.3 additional acres. The 1842 Bates Map depicts it as "The Burying Ground for Coloured Persons" and "the Burying Ground for Slaves". On the 1849 Plan of Richmond, it is referred to as one place, and was called the "Burying-ground for Coloured Persons". In 1850 the Common Council increased the burying-ground for colored persons by 9 acres in addition to the grounds of the City Hospital. On the 1853 Smith's Map of Henrico County, Virginia, it appears twice. On the county portion of the map it appears under the "Shockoe Hill Burying Ground". On the separate city of Richmond portion of the map it appears as the "African Burying Ground". On the 1856 Map of the city of Richmond, Henrico County, the entire burying ground (black and white) appears under one name, without the additional labels showing its segregated status. Though still segregated, it appears simply as the "Shockoe Hill Burying Ground". This is also the name under which it appears in the majority of records, such as interment reports. It is also true for some maps from the 1860s. However; it is from the combination of the two names under which it appears on the 1853 Map that the name "Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground" was derived.
231:. The majority of the soldiers had been buried to the north, and to the east of the City Hospital (for smallpox). Interments were also made in the vicinity of the Poorhouse. It was reported that 428 soldiers were removed from the City Hospital, and 128 from the vicinity of the Poorhouse. The City Hospital building was converted into the Colored Almshouse, which then opened its doors in April 1868. The City Hospital was included on the 1842 Bates Map, and may have been constructed about that time. It was located directly to the east of the walled Shockoe Hill Cemetery. Its grounds were added to the African Burying Ground by the City Council in 1850. The 1816 plan of the city property shows that the northern grounds of the hospital were already in use for the interment of paupers who had died at the Poorhouse, both black and white. This early part of the burial ground extended across present day N 4th St.
286:#2020-213 added the property at 1305 N 5th St. to the Richmond Slave Trail, and provided for the funding of its intended acquisition. Ordinance #2020-240 paved the way for the purchase of the property. Both ordinances were presented before the Richmond City Council who passed them with unanimous support. Though 1305 N. 5th St. is only a small portion of the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground, it is a significant part. It is 1.2 acres of the original 2 acre 1816 burial ground. More specifically, it is roughly 0.80 acres of the "Burying Ground for Free People of Colour", and about 0.40 acres of the "Burying Ground for Negroes" (enslaved). On February 17, 2021 the city of Richmond successfully bid on 1305 N. 5th St. at a property tax sale. On April 16, 2021 the acquisition of 1305 N. 5th St. was completed.
268:. And the histories of the two burial grounds were intertwined, causing them to appear as if they were one in the same place. Though physically the distance between them is more than a mile. Historically, it is the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground, that was the active municipal burial ground for the city of Richmond for enslaved people (and free people of color) during the time that the Lumpkin's Jail was in operation. But physically, it is the older African Burial Ground in Shockoe Bottom which was closed in 1816, that was/is located next to the Lumpkin's Slave Jail. It is important to understand and remember that the city of Richmond has two African Burial Grounds. Both of the burial grounds are important, and each deserves to be seen, accurately known and understood.
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251:. It suffered from the explosion of a gun powder magazine on April 3, 1865, and the later construction of 2 new powder magazines built upon it in 1867. Its grounds were disposed of by the city of Richmond. In addition, it has had roads, a railway, and the highway run through it. An old Sunoco gas station sits upon a portion of its original 2 acres, along with a billboard; while other parts lie beneath Interstate-64, 4th St., 5th St., 7th St. Hospital St. and also the railroad tracks. The list of abuses does not stop there, and the site remains threatened to this day. Three approaching threats to the burial ground are DC2RVA passenger rail (
201:. The burial ground was overseen by the Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Committee, which was a standing committee of the Richmond City Council. The African Burying Ground was active from its opening in February 1816 until its closure by the city due to overcrowded conditions in June 1879. The land that comprises this long unacknowledged burial ground, contains nothing on its surface that would cause it to be visibly recognizable as a cemetery today. Its original two one acre plots are located at the northeastern corner of 5th and Hospital St., across the road from the
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completed nomination for the
Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District was submitted to the Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR), seeking inclusion in the Virginia Landmarks Register (VR) and the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground is a part of the historic district.
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736:"Statement of the Disposition of Some of the Bodies of Deceased Union Soldiers and Prisoners of War Whose Remains Have Been Removed to National Cemeteries in the Southern and Western States: Volumes 1-4" United States. Army. Quartermaster's Department, (Jan 1868) Published by, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
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168:. The Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground is one of Virginia's most endangered historic places. Major threats to the burial ground are the DC2RVA high-speed rail project, the east-west Commonwealth Corridor, the proposed RVA757 Connector, as well as the widening of I-64, and various infrastructure projects.
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Section 106 consultation process for the DC to
Richmond High Speed Rail (DC2RVA). This was due in part to the presence of a "new National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligible resources in the area of potential effects (APE), the Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District (127-7231), and one
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Reports of interments were regularly made and submitted to the
Richmond City Council by the Superintendent of the Shockoe Hill Burying Ground. It is estimated that over 22,000 interments were made in the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground, likely making it the largest burial ground of free people
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One of the newest threats to the
Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground is miss-identification and confusion. In the fall of 2022 the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground was completely confused in the media with the Shockoe Bottom African Burial Ground. It was reported multiple times that the Shockoe
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Recent advocacy led by Lenora McQueen, a descendant of people interred at the
Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground, resulted in gaining the support of the city of Richmond. In 2020, Mayor Levar Stoney and his administration sponsored two important ordinances regarding the burial ground. Ordinance
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right-of-way over the
Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground was divided, and the northern half and eastern half were transferred to Virginia Passenger Rail Authority (VPRA). This right-of-way runs 0.40 miles (0.64 kilometers or 2,090.58 feet) directly through the burial ground. July 28, 2021 – the
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to 2nd St, and north to the Bacon's
Quarter Branch. Some maps show it extending to the east almost as far as 8th St. Earlier maps show it by various names. On the 1816 Plan of the City of Richmond Property, the two one-acre plots were labeled "Burying Ground for Free People of Colour", and the
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During the Civil War, the bodies of more than 500 deceased Union Army
Prisoners of War were interred in the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground. Shortly after the war their remains were removed from the African Burying Ground and then re-interred in the
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715:"Roll of honor: names of soldiers who died in defense of the American union, interred in the national cemeteries" by United States, Quartermaster's Dept (1865) Published by, Government Printing Office, Washington DC
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the
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) determined that the DC2RVA high-speed rail project would have an adverse effect on the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground and the Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic
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projects have impacted this site, and continue to be constant threats. The most recent appearing to be underground cables installed in the burial ground in the area of
Hospital St. and 7th St. in early 2022.
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205:. It was greatly increased in size over time, expanding in every direction. By 1850 its grounds encompassed as many as 15 acres. Later maps indicate an even greater expansion, to slightly over 31 acres.
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June 17, 2021 – a proposal was presented to the Virginia Board of Historic Resources for an Historical Highway Marker for the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground. It was unanimously approved.
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368:. This exhibition features nationally significant cultural landscapes that are associated with African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native peoples that are threatened and at-risk.
193:, a municipal burying ground owned and operated by the City of Richmond. It was managed by the Superintendent of the Shockoe Hill Burying Ground, who was also the Superintendent of the
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of color and the enslaved in the United States. It is presently referred to by some as the 2nd African Burial Ground or second African Burying Ground, and African Burial Ground II.
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255:), the east-west Commonwealth Corridor, and the proposed widening of I-64. These transportation projects will directly impact the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground. Various
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was presented before the Virginia State Review Board, seeking approval to write the nomination for the Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District for listing in the
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was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register. The nomination received the unanimous support of the Virginia Board of Historic Resources and the State Review Board.
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788:"Artifacts and Commingled Skeletal Remains from a Well on the Medical College of Virginia Campus: Anatomical and Surgical Training in Nineteenth-Century Richmond"
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386:, for the nomination of the Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District to the Virginia State Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places.
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Williams, Michael Paul, Richmond Times-Dispatch, "Williams: A for-profit billboard has no place at the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground", February 11, 2024
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City of Richmond (owns 1305 N 5th St., a 1.2 acre parcel of the 31 acre burial ground. The rest of the burial ground is divided between over a dozen owners.)
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October 20, 2021 – at the CTB Rail and Transit Subcommittee Meeting, it was announced by the Chair Jennifer Mitchell that the DC2RVA, Section 106 Process:
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Kerley, Andrew, The Commonwealth Times, "VCU Health removes ad on African burying ground, billboard company refuses to follow suit", February 28, 2024
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the first community meeting to discuss memorization of the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground was held at the Shockoe Hill Apartments Community Room.
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for the 1.2 acre city owned portion of the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground (site of the billboard and abandoned gas station at 1305 N 5th St.)
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for the 1.2 acre city owned portion of the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground (site of the billboard and abandoned gas station at 1305 N 5th St.)
197:(with the exception of the years 1863-1867 during which time the positions were separated) and the City Hospital The Poorhouse was also called the
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was known historically as Shockoe Valley. The Burial Ground for Negroes was closed in 1816 upon the opening of this new African Burying Ground on
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The Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground was established in 1816. It was a segregated part of the Shockoe Hill Burying Ground, also known as the
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In the 1870s it came to be labeled on maps as Potter's Field, until it last appeared in 1905. The 1905 map showed that it extended west behind
882:"Stoney Introduces Ordinance To Amend Scope Of Devil's Half Acre Project, Acquire Part Of Burial Ground For Free People Of Colour And Slaves"
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153:, for the interment of free people of color, and the enslaved. The heart of this now invisible burying ground is located at 1305 N 5th St.
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Washington Post, October 28, 2022 "Where’s Kitty Cary? The answer unlocked Black history Richmond tried to hide." by Gregory S. Schneider
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339:
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856:
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Scrivernor, Arthur, T. Crawford Redd & Bro. surveyors and engineers (1905). "Map of Richmond and Surroundings", Valentine Museum.
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Young, Richard (1816). "Plan of 28 1/2 Acres of ground where on is situated the Poorhouse of the city of Richmond" city of Richmond.
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Washington Post, July 5, 2024,"Richmond makes surprising find at desecrated Black cemetery: Intact graves", by Gregory S. Schneider
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Williams, Michael Paul, Richmond Times-Dispatch, "At any speed, we don't need a train station in Shockoe Bottom", February 22, 2023
1177:
Lazarus, Jeremy M., Richmond Free Press, "Rail agency begins historic cemetery review for estimated 22,000 souls", February 2, 2023
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The city of Richmond's Planning Commission approved a proposal to paint a mural on the old abandoned gas station at 1305 N 5th St.
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Williams, Michael Paul, Richmond Times-Dispatch, "Williams: The Shockoe Project is about our past and our future", March 2, 2024
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Yancey-Bragg, N'dea, USA TODAY "Black cemeteries are being 'erased.' How advocates are fighting to save them", February 14, 2024
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Landslide 2021: Race and Space: Hidden Histories Revealed,THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE FOUNDATION, Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
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February 22, 2022 – city of Richmond Mayor Levar Stoney submitted his letter of support to the Julie Langan, Director of the
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December 2021 – The Cultural Landscape Foundation featured the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground in its online exhibition,
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VCU News, March 18, 2022, "Long-neglected Black cemetery in Richmond added to Virginia Landmarks Register", by Brian McNeill
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THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE FOUNDATION: It’s Not OK to Put High Speed Rail Lines Through the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
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received the nomination for the Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District to the National Register of Historic Places.
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870:"Honoring Ancestors – The city should support the acquisition of 1305 N. Fifth St. and its inclusion on the Slave Trail."
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African American Heritage Sites: African American Endangered Historic Sites Places – Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
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252:
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Larsen, Patrick, VPM npr News "Stoney says ad firm using African burial ground as ‘bargaining chip", February 23, 2024
908:"No sign commemorates a place in Richmond where 20,000 Black people were buried. Lenora McQueen wants to change that."
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billboard controversy regarding a VCU advertisement, and the billboard in the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground.
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313:(NRHP). The P.I.F received the board's unanimous approval, making the historic district eligible for nomination.
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for the Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District's nomination to the National Register of Historic Places.
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Richmond Times-Dispatch: Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground is added to the state landmark registry, 3/18/2022
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the city of Richmond was gifted two parcels of land by Sauer Properties Inc. located at 1241 and 1220 N 7th St.
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This burying ground has suffered many atrocities. Throughout its years of operation, it was a main target for
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The red outline and shading represents the boundaries and footprint of the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground.
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Willis, Samantha, Virginia Mercury " Once a dead end, a Richmond cemetery earns new respect". January 30, 2023
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Feature Stories, THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE FOUNDATION: National Attention for Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
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The Price for Their Pound of Flesh: The Value of the Enslaved, from Womb to Grave, in the Building of a Nation
558:"Map of the Property of the Highland Park Company showing its location with reference to the City of Richmond"
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Dead Reckoning: The Historical Recovery and Unsettled Place of Richmond's Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
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One parcel contains a portion of the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground, and the other parcel is adjoining.
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National Trust for Historic Preservation – Preserving Sacred Ground: Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
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THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE FOUNDATION: Landslide Update - Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground, Jan 29, 2024
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3WTKR: All aboard! Transportation board looks at study to improve local train service, October 19, 2023
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the Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) agreed with the FRA's adverse effect determination.
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Virginia Passenger Rail Authority, DC2RVA Section 106 Records (Memorandum, letters and correspondance)
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VCU News, June 14, 2022, "State marker unveiled at Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground" by Allen Jones
379:(which includes the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground) to the National Register of Historic Places.
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DHR Virginia Department of Historic Resources, 127-7231 Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District
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801:"Disappearing The Enslaved: The Destruction and Recovery of Richmond's Second African Burial Ground"
606:
Bates, Micajah (1842). "A Connected Plat of the City Property near the Poor House", City of Richmond
1037:– The 2021 Elske v.P. Smith Lecture featuring Ryan K. Smith, Professor in the Department of History
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PRELIMINARY INFORMATION FORM (PIF) for HISTORIC DISTRICTS, "Shockoe Hill Burying Ground" (127-7231)
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Lazarus, Jeremy M., Richmond Free Press, "Sacred burial site to be marked by mural", June 22, 2023
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Richmond Cemeteries, "The burying ground and the billboard", by Ryan K. Smith, February 26, 2024
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Richmond Times-Dispatch: Richmond gets land for Burying Ground trail, by David Ress, 1/09/2023
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at 1305 N 5th St. The marker was sponsored by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources.
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March 18, 2022: Check out A1 Minute NOW – Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground is VA landmark
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May 11, 2021 – Preservation Virginia, named the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground, one of
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THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE FOUNDATION: Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground is Now a VA Landmark
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1123:'It’s a good beginning' – Historical marker placed at Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
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Radio IQ WVTF – Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground in Richmond gets landmark designation
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It was created as the replacement for the Burial Ground for Negroes, now also called the
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resource with expanded boundaries, the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground (44HE1203)."
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670:, by William Slides, Google Arts & Culture, original source Library of Virginia.
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CBS Mornings – Descendant works to reclaim Virginia African American burial ground
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Sacred Ground Historical Reclamation Project: Shockoe Hill African Burial Ground
921:"Highway marker approved for Shockoe Hill African Burial Ground by state agency"
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Passenger Rail Project Slated To Run Through Richmond African American Graveyard
490:, February 22, 1816, "This is to inform the Inhabitants of the City of Richmond"
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Historic Highway Marker for the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground was unveiled
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Richmond Times Dispatch, April 19, 2021, memorializing a site in shockoe hill,
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Preservation Virginia – Virginia’s Most Endangered Historic Places List 2021
655:"Smith's map of Henrico County, Virginia from actual surveys by James Keily"
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128:
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Richmond's African Burial Grounds and Historic African American Cemeteries
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Keep Black history visible and viable, by Michael Paul William, 02/23/2022
831:
Historic site review slows rail lines planned over historic Black cemetery
594:"Plan of the City of Richmond Drawn From Actual Survey and Regional Plans"
618:"Plan of Richmond (Henrico County) Manchester & Springhill, Virginia"
468:
Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground Memorial Community Engagement Session
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Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground Memorial Community Engagement Session
805:
Buildings & Landscapes: Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum
704:
United States Coast Survey. (1864) Map of the city of Richmond, Virginia
857:"One woman's crusade brings attention to long-forgotten black cemetery"
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Vol. 27, No. 1 (Spring 2020), pp. 17-45, University of Minnesota Press.
580:
Map of the city of Richmond and its jurisdiction including Manchester"
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Hill African Burying Ground was the burial ground located next to the
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April 2024, the mural on the old gas station building was completed.
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198:
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934:"History marker to be placed at Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground"
895:"Richmond buys back historical Black burial grounds on Shockoe Hill"
846:, Johns Hopkins University Press (November 17, 2020), Johns Hopkins.
844:
Death and Rebirth in a Southern City: Richmond's Historic Cemeteries
1287:
Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
1277:
National Register of Historic Places in Viginia by populated place
764:, University of Virginia Press Charlottesville and London (2019).
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Richmond Cemeteries, The Crest of Shockoe Hill, by Ryan K. Smith
1102:
Historic Richmond: Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District
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nomination for the Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District
545:
Outline Map of Cities in Richmond and Manchester and Vicinity"
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African burying ground historical marker unveiled in Richmond
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Educated in Tyranny: Slavery at Thomas Jefferson's University
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National Register of Historic Places Weekly List 2022 06 17
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Richmond Cemeteries: A moment to celebrate for Shockoe Hill
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National Register of Historic Places in Richmond, Virginia
620:. Library of Virginia – via Google Arts and Culture.
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A new mural will mark Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground.
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Richmond Cemeteries, Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
412:
Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District (127-7231)
16:
Historic African American cemetery in Richmond, Virginia
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NBC News: The growing movement to save black cemeteries
958:
DRAFT MINUTES CTB Rail and Transit Subcommittee Meeting
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was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
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Sacred Spaces: Preserving African American Cemeteries
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627:
760:
McInnis, Maurie D. and Nelson, Louis P. (Edited by)
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Map of the city of Richmond, Henrico County (1856).
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February 17, 2022 – Congressman Donald McEachin and
692:Bill of Mortality, The Daily Dispatch, May 9, 1856
624:
391:The Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District
1243:
946:Approaching the National Register – Shockoe Hill
680:Interments, The Daily Dispatch, January 10, 1855
243:by and for the medical colleges, especially the
160:, (or African Burial Ground in Shockoe Bottom).
1262:African-American history in Richmond, Virginia
998:Wikimapia, Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
727:, April 11, 1865 "From Another Correspondent"
560:, University of Virginia Special Collections.
790:, Virginia Commonwealth University Archives.
706:. Retrieved from the Library of Congress.
234:
985:
751:, Chronicling America, Library of Congress
694:, Chronicling America, Library of Congress
682:, Chronicling America, Library of Congress
534:, Chronicling America, Library of Congress
519:, Chronicling America, Library of Congress
492:, Chronicling America, Library of Congress
318:Virginia's Most Endangered Historic Places
868:Style Weekly, October 20, 2020, OPINION:
384:Virginia Department of Historic Resources
919:Richmond Times Dispatch, June 17, 2021,
356:
221:
170:
1257:African-American cemeteries in Virginia
906:Richmond Times Dispatch, May 21, 2021,
547:, Virginia Memory, Library of Virginia.
1244:
833:"(April 22, 2021), Richmond Free Press
615:
652:
636:"Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground"
591:
500:
498:
296:Preliminary Information Form (P.I.F.)
932:Richmond Free Press, June 24, 2021,
855:Richmond Free Press, March 6, 2020,
311:National Register of Historic Places
158:Shockoe Bottom African Burial Ground
147:Richmond's 2nd African Burial Ground
979:Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
749:, March 17, 1869 "Almshouse Report"
143:Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
134:Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
24:Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
13:
495:
351:National Historic Preservation Act
14:
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633:
149:) was established by the city of
1252:Cemeteries in Richmond, Virginia
532:, June 18, 1867, "Local Matters"
336:Society For American Archaeology
184:
29:
1061:Sapiens: At the Heart of It All
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884:, (October 1, 2020) Patch Media
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653:Smith, Robert Pearsall (1853).
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347:Federal Railroad Administration
280:
1267:History of slavery in Virginia
777:, Beacon Press, Boston (2017).
585:
572:
563:
556:Highland Park Company (1891).
550:
537:
522:
517:, May 19, 1863, "City Council"
507:
480:
366:Landslide 2021: Race and Space
271:
1:
1282:History of Richmond, Virginia
473:
1072:SAPIENS: Talk Back Episode 3
820:", (July 25, 2019) npr news.
7:
616:Morgan, Charles S. (1849).
307:Virginia Landmarks Register
245:Medical College of Virginia
10:
1303:
1065:Richmond Times Dispatch –
1015:The Black Cemetery Network
229:Richmond National Cemetery
179:
1121:The News & Advance –
1008:October 14, 2022, at the
596:. University of Virginia.
301:October 14, 2022, at the
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119:
111:
72:
64:
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46:
41:
37:
28:
23:
578:Young, Richard (1817). "
349:(FRA) was reopening the
334:September 2, 2021 – The
235:Desecrations and threats
948:". Richmond Cemeteries.
592:Bates, Micajah (1835).
338:publicly published its
294:September 17, 2020 – a
208:
96:37.551806°N 77.428389°W
657:. Library of Virginia.
582:, Library of Virginia.
543:Beers, F. W. (1876). "
361:
249:University of Virginia
176:
725:Philadelphia Inquirer
488:The Richmond Enquirer
398:National Park Service
360:
222:City Hospital grounds
191:Shockoe Hill Cemetery
174:
101:37.551806; -77.428389
960:, September 28, 2021
829:Lazarus, Jeremy M.,"
466:July 17, 2024 - 3rd
459:June 26, 2024 - 2nd
410:June 16, 2022 – the
403:June 12, 2022 – the
773:Berry, Daina Ramey
640:Richmond Cemeteries
431:February 1, 2023 -
424:January 20, 2023 -
326:July 2, 2021 – the
290:Other developments:
92: /
747:The Daily Dispatch
530:The Daily Dispatch
515:The Daily Dispatch
396:May 7, 2022 – the
362:
177:
151:Richmond, Virginia
59:Richmond, Virginia
859:Lazarus, Jeremy M
389:March 17, 2022 –
373:Senator Tim Kaine
340:letter of support
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138:
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989:
961:
955:
949:
944:Smith, Ryan K. "
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272:Estimations
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1246:Categories
1163:added 2023
474:References
427:District.
199:Almshouse
195:Poorhouse
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299:Archived
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55:Location
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