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accountability by forcing those institutions to sell off bad assets, replace management and re-privatize them, more akin to how the FDIC handles smaller banks. Bair argued that when companies are viewed as "too big to fail" it leads to reckless behavior because there is an implicit guarantee of government support. Bair favored "market discipline," meaning shareholders and bondholders would take losses when an institutional fails.
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The
Troubled Asset Relief Program included a mortgage-relief plan partially modeled on Bair's loan-modification ideas. Following the crisis, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was drafted with a number of provisions Bair sought, including the FDIC's expanded powers to seize
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Within the Bush administration, Bair's mortgage modification argument was initially at odds with the
Treasury Secretary who believed such action would have little effect. Bair also resisted many of the government bailouts of insolvent banks; rather she argued that the government should impose greater
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Shortly after taking charge of the FDIC in June 2006, Bair began warning of the potential systemic risks posed by the growing trend of subprime-mortgage-backed bonds. In the spring of 2007 she met privately with industry executives, urging them to modify adjustable-rate mortgages rather than allow
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guarantees tuition costs will not rise for students during their four years at college, and "Dam the Debt," which awards scholarships to graduating seniors to help pay off federal student loans. Bair resigned on June 30, 2017, citing the demands of the job and insufficient time with her family.
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In May 2015, Bair was appointed president of
Washington College, becoming the first female head of the college in its 234-year history. During her tenure as president, Bair helped implement several debt-reducing programs aimed at making a degree more affordable, including "Fixedfor4," which
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to adopt strong capital and leverage standards. She successfully argued for international adoption of 'Leverage Ratio' – a strict capital requirement applying to all of a bank's assets to complement more subjective capital standards based on the perceived riskiness of a bank's assets.
400:(FDIC) from 2006 to 2011, during which time she shortly after taking charge of the FDIC in June 2006 began warning of the potential systemic risks posed by the growing trend of subprime-mortgage-backed bonds, and then later assumed a prominent role in the government's response to the
709:
Bair fought against the
Federal Reserve's adoption of the Basel II advanced approaches, which would have allowed large banks to use their own internal models to help set their regulatory capital requirements. In the aftermath of the crisis, Bair pressed the
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large financial institutions, place agency examiners on-site within banks, recover pay from executives deemed responsible for an institution's failure, and the requirement of banks to create a 'Living Will' as a guide for orderly resolution.
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Bair was appointed to the 19th Chair of the U.S. Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) on June 26, 2006, by George W. Bush. She left the FDIC on July 8, 2011, when her five-year term expired. She became a senior advisor to
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on setting up the
International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), which aims to create a set of global standards for firms reporting the impact of climate change. Also in 2021, Ms. Bair was appointed a trustee of
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In March 2020, Bair called for the
Federal Reserve to focus on getting credit flowing to U.S. businesses affected by the spreading coronavirus and workers losing their jobs. In an op-ed for the
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best seller. Bair has also written several books for children in a series published by Albert
Whitman called Money Tales. Her books encourage savings and teach money basics:
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Bair assumed a prominent role in the government's response to the 2008 financial crisis, working alongside and sometimes publicly opposing
Treasury Secretary
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homes to go into foreclosure, which could set off a cascading effect throughout the economy. In
October 2007, Bair took her argument public with an op-ed in
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420:, the first female head of the college in its 234-year history, a position she held from 2015 until her resignation in 2017.
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While an academic, Bair also served on the FDIC's Advisory Committee on Banking Policy. Bair also pursued a seat in the
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and housewife. Her father also served on the Independence School Board and Independence City Council. She received her
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651:. She has also served on a number of nonprofit boards, including as a founding director of the Volcker Alliance, the
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Since leaving government service, Bair has served on a number of corporate boards. She is currently on the boards of
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Prior to her appointment at the FDIC, Bair was the Dean's Professor of Financial Regulatory Policy for the
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2082:"Exclusive: Fed is 'throwing money in the wrong place,' says Sheila Bair, former top banking regulator"
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Bull by the horns : fighting to save Main Street from Wall Street and Wall Street from itself
396:(born April 3, 1954) is an American former government official who was the 19th Chair of the U.S.
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Bull by the Horns: Fighting to Save Main Street from Wall Street and Wall Street from Itself
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523:(1991 to 1995), and Research Director, Deputy Counsel and Counsel to Kansas Republican
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In a fictional TV movie about the crises, Patricia Randell played Bair in the 2011
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1347:"FDIC: Tapping the Unbanked Market: Helping People Enter the Financial Mainstream"
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Christian family, her father Albert (1916–2008), who was of German descent, was a
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Bair is married to Scott P. Cooper and has two children, Preston and Colleen.
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in 1975, and worked as a bank teller for a brief period, before receiving a
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404:. She was appointed to the post for a five-year term on June 26, 2006, by
1662:"Fannie Mae Names Sheila C. Bair as New Chair of the Board of Directors"
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1866:"New global sustainability disclosures board draws heavyweight backing"
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628:
546:). Bair began her career in the General Counsel's office of the former
2188:
1714:"China's ICBC appoints former FDIC chief Bair as independent director"
1229:"Clara Brenneman Bair Obituary - Death Notice and Service Information"
515:(2001 to 2002), Senior Vice President for Government Relations of the
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1542:"Sheila Bair Called the Financial Crisis. Here's Her New Nightmare"
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1742:"Thomson Reuters Adds Former FDIC Chairman Sheila Bair to Board"
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1308:"Our Campaigns - KS District 5 - R Primary Race - Aug 07, 1990"
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Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Institutions
2019:
Basel Committee said to consider 3% surcharge on biggest banks
1788:"Bair, Critic of the Revolving Door, Joins Board of Santander"
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Former FDIC Chair Sheila C. Bair to Join Pew as Senior Advisor
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Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Institutions
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2130:"UK banks agree to scrap £8bn dividends amid recession fears"
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International Financial Reporting Standards Foundation (IFRS)
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1565:"Washington College appoints Kurt M. Landgraf new president"
2155:"ECB tells banks to skip dividends, buybacks until October"
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Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World
1996:
Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World
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and her mother, Clara (née' Brenneman) (1921–2017), was a
1640:"Fannie Mae names former FDIC chair Sheila Bair to board"
723:
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Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
1323:"Full plate, Open mind: Meet FDIC chairman Sheila Bair"
519:(1995 to 2000), a Commissioner and Acting Chair of the
1765:"Sheila Bair Floated as Bailout Oversight Panel Chair"
1066:. The White House website via Archives.gov. 2006-05-01
482:. She narrowly lost the Republican primary to banker
507:, a post she had held since 2002. She also served as
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In 2021, Bair was appointed to a group advising the
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United States Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury
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Chairs of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
2107:"Force global banks to suspend bonuses and payouts"
1086:"FDIC's Bair emerges as key player in bank rescues"
1026:. Morton Grove, Illinois: Albert Whitman & Co.
1022:Bair, Sheila; illustrated by Manuela López (2022).
999:. Morton Grove, Illinois: Albert Whitman & Co.
972:. Morton Grove, Illinois: Albert Whitman & Co.
968:Bair, Sheila; illustrated by Manuela López (2021).
945:. Morton Grove, Illinois: Albert Whitman & Co.
887:. Morton Grove, Illinois: Albert Whitman & Co.
2034:. New York City: Penguin Books. pp. 313–315.
1563:Campbell, Colin; Anderson, Jessica (5 June 2017).
1134:"FDIC: Board of Directors & Senior Executives"
1106:"FDIC: Board of Directors & Senior Executives"
880:
810:
1445:"Former FDIC Chair to Lead Systemic Risk Council"
571:was published September 25, 2012. The book was a
548:U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
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1998:. New York City: Penguin Books. pp. 87–88.
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879:Bair, Sheila; illustrated by Barry Gott (2006).
848:Bair, Sheila; illustrated by Judy Stead (2008).
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995:Bair, Sheila; illustrated by Amy Zhing (2022).
941:Bair, Sheila; illustrated by Amy Zhing (2021).
408:through July 8, 2011. She was subsequently the
2458:Industrial and Commercial Bank of China people
2403:Commodity Futures Trading Commission personnel
2388:Chairpersons of non-governmental organizations
1064:"Presidential Nomination: Sheila Colleen Bair"
509:Assistant Secretary for Financial Institutions
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19:For the American scholar of Islamic art, see
1961:
1460:"Former FDIC Chair Joins Fannie Mae's Board"
563:in August 2011. She is chair emerita of the
266:August 21, 1993 – December 21, 1993
2443:University of Massachusetts Amherst faculty
2210:"Sheila Bair collected news and commentary"
1282:. Ipswich, MA: H.W. Wilson. 2010. pp.
766:subsequently pressed their banks to do so.
2478:21st-century American women civil servants
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1407:"FDIC Chairman Sheila Bair leaving agency"
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2438:University of Kansas School of Law alumni
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1540:Nasiripour, Shahien (26 September 2016).
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1321:Cope, Debra; James Swann (October 2006).
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16:American academic and government official
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1215:"Bair, Albert E. (1916-2008) - Biograph"
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464:in 1978. In 1981, she was recruited by
2463:George W. Bush administration personnel
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1024:Princess Persephone's Dragon Ride Stand
659:, and the National Women's Law Center.
637:Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
113:August 1, 2015 – June 30, 2017
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1190:"Bair Resigns From Washington College"
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1161:"F.D.I.C. Chairwoman to Leave in July"
1083:
712:Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
476:United States House of Representatives
2383:American chairpersons of corporations
2350:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
2128:Makortoff, Kayleena (31 March 2020).
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1993:
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1458:Long, Long; Hannah (21 August 2019).
943:Billy the Borrowing Blue-Footed Booby
593:Billy the Borrowing Blue Footed Booby
398:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
152:June 26, 2006 – July 8, 2011
140:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
2283:Commodity Futures Trading Commission
2253:Commodity Futures Trading Commission
2104:
1967:
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1480:
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970:Princess Persephone Loses the Castle
605:Princess Persephone Loses the Castle
597:Princess Persephone Loses the Castle
521:Commodity Futures Trading Commission
252:Commodity Futures Trading Commission
25:
1916:"Bair's Legacy: An FDIC With Teeth"
1892:Economists for Peace & Security
1152:
610:
505:University of Massachusetts Amherst
13:
2448:American women business executives
1786:William Alden (January 27, 2014).
1712:Miller, Matthew (March 27, 2017).
1705:
1481:Bair, Sheila (10 September 2013).
1451:
1423:The Pew Charitable Trusts (2011).
883:Rock, Brock, and the savings shock
494:
462:University of Kansas School of Law
14:
2489:
2225:collected news and commentary at
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1740:Harrison, Crayton (23 May 2014).
669:Economists for Peace and Security
581:Rock, Brock and the Savings Shock
2468:Clinton administration personnel
2428:Presidents of Washington College
2423:People from Independence, Kansas
1968:Bair, Sheila (19 October 2007).
1914:Solomon, Deborah (7 July 2011).
478:to succeed retiring Congressman
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1280:Current Biography Yearbook 2010
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513:U.S. Department of the Treasury
101:President of Washington College
2473:Obama administration personnel
2418:New York Stock Exchange people
2105:Bair, Sheila (22 March 2020).
1763:Dayen, David (29 April 2020).
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1084:Howard, Theresa (2008-10-03).
1077:
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653:Center for Responsible Lending
553:
211:July 2001 – June 2002
1:
1839:"My Favorite Things, Part II"
1188:Seltzer, Rick (2 June 2017).
1049:
734:popular book of the same name
501:Isenberg School of Management
423:
1942:Lizza, Ryan (29 June 2009).
799:Resources in other libraries
7:
1380:Nocera, Joe (9 July 2011).
856:: Albert Whitman & Co.
10:
2494:
1349:. Fdic.gov. Archived from
1108:. Fdic.gov. Archived from
912:The Bullies of Wall Street
474:In 1990, Bair ran for the
39:This biographical article
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1970:"Fix Rates to Save Loans"
1918:. The Wall Street Journal
1642:. Reuters. 21 August 2019
1434:. Retrieved May 12, 2012.
1382:"Sheila Bair's Bank Shot"
1159:Dash, Eric (9 May 2011).
794:Resources in your library
633:Host Hotels & Resorts
561:The Pew Charitable Trusts
527:Bob Dole (1981 to 1988).
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2157:. Reuters. 27 March 2020
918:: Simon & Schuster.
2060:Ensemble Studio Theatre
1767:. The American Prospect
1520:Albert Whitman & Co
517:New York Stock Exchange
452:in philosophy from the
1487:. Simon&Schuster.
1136:. FDIC. Archived from
854:Morton Grove, Illinois
748:2020 COVID-19 pandemic
589:Bullies of Wall Street
525:Senate Majority Leader
1864:Jones (7 June 2021).
910:Bair, Sheila (2015).
809:Bair, Sheila (2012).
764:European Central Bank
678:2008 financial crisis
565:Systemic Risk Council
402:2008 financial crisis
52:by revising it to be
2251:Commissioner of the
2030:Tooze, Adam (2019).
1994:Tooze, Adam (2019).
1616:"Board of Directors"
1591:"Board of Directors"
454:University of Kansas
428:Bair is a native of
373:University of Kansas
2348:Chairperson of the
2281:Chairperson of the
1888:"Board of Trustees"
1256:Stanford University
1237:. 20 December 2017.
1140:on 23 November 2010
577:Wall Street Journal
540:5th Kansas district
534:(she lost the 1990
394:Sheila Colleen Bair
320:Sheila Colleen Bair
2408:Kansas Republicans
2237:Political offices
2228:The New York Times
2056:"Patricia Randell"
1974:The New York Times
1819:. 10 November 2014
1386:The New York Times
1165:The New York Times
742:Andrew Ross Sorkin
700:The New York Times
538:nomination in the
414:Washington College
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2357:Succeeded by
2325:Succeeded by
2294:Succeeded by
2260:Succeeded by
2109:. Financial Times
2080:Wiltermuth, Joy.
1688:"Management Team"
1668:. 4 November 2020
1569:The Baltimore Sun
1484:Bull by the Horns
1462:. American Banker
1276:"Bair, Sheila C."
850:Isabel's car wash
776:Library resources
585:Isabel's Car Wash
450:bachelor's degree
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1845:. 7 January 2014
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657:RAND Corporation
639:(2017 to 2020),
635:, the state-run
611:Post-FDIC career
542:by 760 votes to
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311:Personal details
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1544:. Bloomberg
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1500:14 December
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282:Preceded by
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1234:Legacy.com
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