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puncture tear holes. The ball joint mechanism idea would prevent unnecessary punctures and stress to the chair components because the chair feet were kept level and flat even though the chair was tilted back. Initially the swivel idea was developed using just wooden balls around 1834. It was later realized that this new concept for tilting caused major stress to the chair. More repair engineering work was required than initially foreseen. This was due to the weakening of the leg caused by drilling involved in installation of the wooden ball joint mechanism. Ultimately, the wooden ball concept was discarded and the production of this device ceased.
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were sometimes referred to as "tilters", "swiveling tilter" or "ball and socket feet" that allowed the flat underside of the foot to stay level when the chair was tilted back. In a catalog of New
Lebanon Shaker chairs for sale it was an additional price of twenty five cents for button joint tilts to be added to a chair. It was noted by historian Kassay that the general philosophy of a diner "tilting chair" was out of place in the Shaker community, as Believers were not allowed the luxury of after-meal relaxation time.
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142:: "The Shakers, while they patented some of their inventions, were prohibited by Church rules from profiting from such patents – that is, they did not sell patent rights for their inventions but rather patented things to protect themselves from having others patent their inventions and turning around and charging them for using their own inventions." The Shakers thus were proactive in preventatives against
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The
Shakers manufactured the "tilting chair" for sale in the 1870s to people outside their community labeling them with "Shaker's Trade Mark, Mt. Lebanon, N.Y." which was the place of the Shaker Village in the state of New York. The tilting buttons on the two back legs that made it a tilting chair
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The main feature of the Shaker ladder-back chair was a tilting ball and socket joint mechanism installed on the bottom of the two rear legs to keep the leg bottoms level. Normally the inflection of the chair feet edges into wooden floors would cause deep scratches and into carpets would cause
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and balls. It was a practical strong metal attachment to the back two legs of wooden chairs to allow the sitter to tilt back without gouging the floor. A version of O'Donnell's tilt device is still being used on chairs in the twenty-first century.
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came up with a strong metal attachment device in 1852. It replaced the wooden ball bearing that was inserted into the wooden legs and secured with a leather strap. The metal ball-bearing mechanism was patented by him. It consisted of brass
129:"Near the middle of the century the Shakers invented their tilting-chair device, which was inserted under the tips of the back legs to prevent slipping or marring of floors when the chair was tilted back against a wall".
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button mechanism assembled to the back two legs of a wooden chair – allowed a person to lean back in the chair without slipping or scraping the floor.
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273:"Patent model side chair for button joint tilters George O. Donnel (born circa 1823) New Lebanon, New York, 1852"
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The device was a new practical way of being able to lean back without slipping while sitting in a common
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492:"Patent of Geo. O'Donnell, of New Lebanon, New York. Chair. Specification of Letters Patent No. 8,771"
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627:. From the Tour: Shaker Crafts from the Index of American DesignShaker Tilting Chair rendition
621:"Shaker Tilting Chair, watercolor and graphite on paper, Rendered by John W. Kelleher (artist)"
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Patent model chair for button joint tilters by George O. Donnel of New
Lebanon, New York, 1852
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Making
Authentic Shaker Furniture: With Measured Drawings of Museum Classics
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According to Jerry V. Grant, Director of
Collections and Research at
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Shaker ladder chair with ball swivels on rear legs for tilting
538:"Learn About the Origins of Shaker Style American Furniture"
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Selections from the Jane
Katcher Collection of Americana
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Inspired
Innovations: A Celebration of Shaker Ingenuity
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649:The Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum, Inc.
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645:"A chair button, used on tilting chairs"
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451:Miller, M. Stephen (January 12, 2010).
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31:Patent 8771 image close-up of parts
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304:. Routledge. pp. 1115, 1116.
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581:University of Massachusetts Press
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301:Encyclopedia of American Folklife
218:"The Shakers and Their Furniture"
169:Shea, John Gerald (May 5, 1992).
23:U.S. Patent No 8771 drawing image
362:Masterpieces of Shaker Furniture
325:Katonah Gallery (June 1, 1983).
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459:University Press of New England
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571:Kassay, John (June 28, 1980).
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515:"Quick History:Quaker Design"
140:"Shaker Museum Mount Lebanon"
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575:The Book of Shaker Furniture
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77:Brother George O'Donnell of
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279:. janekatchercollection.com
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651:, Historic Map Works. 1921
412:W. W. Norton & Company
298:Bronner, Simon J (2015).
16:Chair with swiveling feet
625:Index of American Design
216:Smy (18 February 2014).
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68:ladder-back wooden chair
684:19th-century inventions
629:National Gallery of Art
248:National Gallery of Art
365:(1st Dover ed.).
353:Andrews, Edward Deming
250:, Washington, DC. 2015
240:"Shaker Tilting Chair"
197:"Shaker Tilting Chair"
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404:Sprigg, June (1986).
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45:Shaker tilting chair
517:. Apartment Therapy
513:Retrospect (2015).
414:. pp. 74, 75.
205:. 1945. p. 47.
367:Dover Publications
202:House & Garden
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679:Shaker inventions
594:978-0-87023-275-6
468:978-1-58465-850-4
376:978-0-486-40724-1
359:(June 18, 1999).
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182:978-0-486-27003-6
118:Spherical bearing
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59:Description
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583:. p.
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114:ball joint
95:References
154:Citations
112:See also
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100:Notes
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589:ISBN
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