56:
892:
932:
917:
897:
857:
3662:
907:
943:
937:
922:
887:
453:
877:
867:
161:
3897:
882:
725:
912:
3886:
862:
902:
872:
851:
927:
544:
after receiving the news of the arrival of their fellow
Ismailis. This news was received, but Ahmad refused to leave the fortress, apparently deciding to fight to the end. The Seljuqs attacked the fortress, and Ahmad and his small group of fighters defended themselves gallantly from tower to tower.
309:
of Persia. Ahmad began to collect taxes from nearby districts. He had reportedly converted 30,000 people in
Isfahan. Shahdiz was strategically important as it guarded the main route to Isfahan, the Seljuq capital city. Its capture had been a major strategic success for the Nizaris.
515:; therefore, sultan's campaign is religiously illegitimate. The debate finally ended after a year and the siege continued. In another negotiation initiated by the Seljuq sultan, the Nizaris bargained for another fortress, but this negotiation was unsuccessful and ended with a
55:
497:
against the Nizari
Ismailis, focusing on Shahdiz, besieging the fortress with a large force. In an attempt to lift the siege, Ahmad tried to involve the Ismaili sympathizers in the Seljuq camp and the
545:
Most of the
Ismaili fighters were killed, while a few managed to escape. Ahmad was captured, while his wife committed suicide. Ahmad and his son were executed and their heads were sent to the
447:
294:
2247:
3949:
1170:
1145:
810:
1687:
2370:
815:
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2320:
2285:
1652:
1642:
1302:
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2084:
1657:
1632:
1180:
805:
3790:
2838:
2737:
2380:
1885:
1514:
3775:
2242:
2114:
1880:
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290:
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1627:
1607:
1504:
1479:
557:
fortress, a nearby
Ismaili stronghold, was also destroyed during this campaign. The Nizari Ismailis therefore lost their influence in the Isfahan region.
3810:
3800:
3293:
2197:
1087:
3845:
3606:
2001:
1825:
1810:
1423:
979:
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820:
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1973:
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297:
was encouraged to seize the castle. He posed as a schoolmaster and gradually converted the garrison force of the fortress, most of whom were of
3102:
1710:
1637:
1622:
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1261:
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3900:
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713:
3536:
891:
632:
494:
206:
691:
3939:
916:
3714:
3097:
896:
553:
in
Baghdad. The castle was demolished by the Seljuq sultan, who feared its recapture by the Ismailis. Apparently, the
679:
540:, and the remainder, around eighty men in all, who held only a wing of the fortress, was to surrender and then go to
528:) of the Seljuq sultan. Later, an agreement was reached: part of the garrison to be given a safe passage to other
3969:
931:
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357:
68:
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906:
260:
period, and the Seljuq sultan simply rebuilt the castle which was near his capital. Since then, the name
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1226:
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1433:
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tendencies. By 1100, he had seized the fortress and began its re-fortification similar to the other
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327:
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8:
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1461:
1456:
1393:
1294:
1032:
675:
546:
256:, but it is more likely that it dates back earlier, even as early as the pre-Islamic
271:. The Ismailis were active in the Isfahan region in the 11th century, and the chief
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1072:
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951:
785:
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529:
282:
257:
198:
633:"The Mediaeval Ismailis of the Iranian Lands | The Institute of Ismaili Studies"
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2006:
1991:
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83:
70:
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attributes the construction of the fortress (which he called the "Fortress (
3870:
3760:
3755:
3591:
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3436:
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3348:
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2016:
1948:
1943:
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1446:
1441:
1345:
1266:
1208:
1203:
886:
550:
241:
214:
876:
866:
507:) of Isfahan in a long religious debate, trying to convince them that the
3403:
3363:
3117:
3112:
3072:
3067:
2979:
2886:
2639:
2579:
2531:
2430:
2129:
1840:
1667:
1398:
1062:
160:
3820:
3621:
2994:
2762:
2483:
2187:
1905:
1612:
1408:
1135:
840:
755:
298:
3215:
3054:
2594:
1915:
881:
517:
253:
2873:
537:
508:
3683:
3785:
3765:
3514:
2089:
1007:
964:
533:
512:
351:
273:
230:
190:
42:
3885:
861:
302:
901:
1322:
926:
911:
871:
850:
503:
498:
521:
attacking and wounding a particularly anti-Nizari commander
724:
524:
226:
194:
46:
267:
The castle gained its fame due to the activities of the
3950:
Buildings and structures demolished in the 12th century
511:
are true
Muslims, too, differing only in the matter of
397:
Nizari
Ismailis lose their influence in Isfahan region
281:had established his headquarters at Isfahan. After
489:In 1107, soon after gaining power, Seljuq sultan
3911:
674:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 361–362.
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
409:Seljuqs capture Shahdiz and Khalanjan fortresses
209:. Its conspicuous, picturesque ruins lie about 8
3699:
3530:
707:
579:
184:
29:
3935:Buildings and structures in Isfahan province
229:, located in the strategic route leading to
3955:Sieges involving the medieval Islamic world
3706:
3692:
3537:
3523:
714:
700:
671:The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines
660:
658:
159:
3945:Tourist attractions in Isfahan province
664:
3912:
655:
326:Part of Muhammad I's campaign in the
3687:
3518:
695:
483:Most of the force in the final battle
207:Muhammad Tapar's anti-Nizari campaign
152:
213:km south of Isfahan on a subpeak of
3965:Battles involving the Seljuk Empire
3920:Castles of the Nizari Ismaili state
3713:
627:
594:
313:
201:. It was captured and destroyed in
185:
176:
30:
16:Ancient fortress near Isfahan, Iran
13:
3544:
3098:Fort of Our Lady of the Conception
14:
3986:
448:Ahmad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Attash
295:Ahmad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Attash
225:Dizkuh was a fortress in central
3896:
3895:
3884:
3660:
2248:Chehel Dokhtar Castle, Iranshahr
941:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
849:
723:
451:
54:
3960:Nizari Ismaili–Seljuk conflicts
3000:Pur Ashraf Sheykh Makan Castle
621:
1:
2821:Kati Abu ol Hasan Kola Castle
572:
2816:Shah Neshin Asiab Sar Castle
2371:Qalat Castle, Qir and Karzin
7:
3940:12th-century fortifications
3741:Chehel Dokhtar Castle, Qaen
2655:Qanj Ali Khan Afshar Castle
2286:Ashpaz Khaneh Zahhak castle
1716:Chehel Dokhtar Castle, Qaen
1171:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Bileh Savar
1146:Kohneh Qal'eh, Meshginshahr
811:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Khosrowshah
560:
470:~80 men in the final battle
10:
3991:
3010:Posht Qaleh Abdanan Castle
2585:Kohneh Castle, Shaab Jereh
1688:Kohneh Qal'eh, Zafaraniyeh
1303:Jiq Qareh Tapeh Daz castle
1277:Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad
1227:Agha Khan Liravi-ye Castle
847:
493:, son of Malikshah, began
220:
3893:
3882:
3751:Estanavand Naruheh castle
3721:
3669:
3658:
3552:
3500:
3427:
3234:
3191:
3053:
3005:Panj Berar Murmuri Castle
2990:Chakor Buli Chavar Castle
2965:Mir Ghulam Hashemi Castle
2930:
2872:
2829:
2761:
2708:
2570:
2517:
2444:
2271:
2138:
2085:Estanavand Naruheh castle
2075:
2037:Kan shir Kesh Olya Castle
1982:
1914:
1696:
1633:Kohneh Castle, Zendeh Jan
1583:
1470:
1434:Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
1432:
1379:
1321:
1293:
1275:
1217:
1189:
1181:Qez Qaleh Si, Bileh Savar
1116:
998:
950:
816:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Qez Qaleh
736:
474:
459:
434:
417:
333:
325:
320:
148:
140:
125:
120:
112:
107:
99:
62:
53:
39:
26:
21:
3836:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Kuhsorkh
3791:Kol Hassan Sabbah castle
3419:Aliabad Castle, Pish Kuh
2738:Yazdegerd Castle, Zardeh
2391:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Estahban
2381:Kohneh Castle, Jafarabad
2321:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Bishapur
2223:Kak Kahzad Castle, Hamun
1771:Kol Hassan Sabbah Castle
1653:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Kuhsorkh
1648:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Khooshab
1515:Kohneh Castle, Kariz Dar
3831:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Ferdows
3776:Kafar Qaleh, Mehdishahr
3492:Aq Qaleh Golabar Castle
3221:Saheb Ekhtiarieh Castle
2859:Khandan Bahadori Castle
2243:Chehel Dokhtaran castle
2115:Kafar Qaleh, Mehdishahr
1871:Aliabad Castle, Birjand
1786:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Ferdows
1741:Howz Gholam Kesh Castle
1643:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Doruneh
1510:Kohneh Castle, Nasrabad
1371:Shah Neshin Gorj Castle
1285:Kak Kahzad Castle, Dana
567:List of Ismaili castles
291:Abd al-Malik ibn Attash
279:Abd al-Malik ibn Attash
189:), was a fortress near
3970:National works of Iran
3597:Malekabad Zakht Castle
3482:Qizlar Qaleh Si castle
3477:Qezlar Qaleh Si castle
3244:Sefid Castle, Nadushan
3183:Eshgaft-e Moneh Castle
3163:Kong Portuguese Castle
3015:Paqala Hezarani Castle
2690:Malekabad Zakht Castle
2590:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Kerman
2140:Sistan and Baluchestan
1658:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Shurab
1550:Kafar Qaleh, Esfarayen
1018:Ali Ahmad Domab Castle
806:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Mianeh
435:Commanders and leaders
248:) of Isfahan") to the
197:, notably held by the
165:
3841:Qal'eh Kuh of Ferdows
3612:Qala Castle, Chahkand
3582:Kohneh Castle, Ardein
3020:Anjir Dehloran Castle
2950:Sam Castle, Chardavol
2892:Bajul Ab Barik Castle
2839:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Saveh
2376:Mehr Ali Farsi Castle
2291:Azhdeha Peykar Castle
1886:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Asiab
1816:Qala Castle, Chahkand
1791:Qal'eh Kuh of Ferdows
1530:Kohneh Castle, Agdash
1525:Kohneh Castle, Ardein
1151:Naryn Castle, Ardabil
1023:Atashgah Castle, Qehi
1013:Arg of Murcheh Khvort
791:Naryn Castle, Sardrud
761:Bakhtak Leylan Castle
608:Encyclopaedia Iranica
604:www.iranicaonline.org
475:Casualties and losses
373:32.59667°N 51.64389°E
164:Mount Soffeh, Isfahan
163:
84:32.59667°N 51.64389°E
3856:Qala Castle, Sarayan
3304:Pahlavan Badi Castle
3249:Naryn Castle, Meybod
3123:Qalat Castle, Bastak
2806:Molk Kioumars Castle
2748:Sar Firuzabad Castle
2685:Deh-e Khvajeh Castle
2665:Ganj Ali Khan Castle
2562:Qiz Castle, Jamkaran
2421:Tutangi Meseh Castle
2406:Afrasiab Khan Castle
2396:Qalat Khawari Castle
2341:Angosht Gabri Castle
2336:Parvizeh Evaz Castle
2213:Sib and Suran Castle
2067:Akh Kand Pain Castle
2062:Akh Kand Bala Castle
1881:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Mark
1821:Qala Castle, Sarayan
1751:Rostam Castle, Khusf
1706:Arg of Kolah Farangi
1520:Kohneh Castle, Guren
1308:Qiz Castle Kondeskuh
1176:Qez Qaleh Si, Abadeh
501:religious scholars (
264:became more common.
3851:Qala Castle, Nowzad
3632:Sarv-e Jahan Castle
3617:Qala Castle, Shadan
3467:Sarv-e Jahan Castle
3379:Sarv-e Sofla Castle
3359:Bagh Tirjerd Castle
2781:Malek Bahman Castle
2771:Arudasht Lar Castle
2537:Mozaffarabad Castle
2527:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Qom
2489:Kafar Qaleh, Qazvin
2366:Qalat Castle, Kavar
2356:Gabri Dehdaq Castle
2027:Barvish Kani Castle
1876:Dezh Estakhr Castle
1806:Qala Castle, Nowzad
1801:Qala Castle, Shadan
1495:Jalal al-Din Castle
1083:Qunakh Qiran Castle
985:Kol Kharabeh Castle
629:Daftary, Dr. Farhad
369: /
277:of Persia and Iraq
80: /
3771:Ispahbudhan castle
3587:Kuh Shakhen Castle
3374:Sarv-e Olya Castle
3279:Khosrowabad Castle
3226:Hasan Abdal Castle
3178:Khan Bastak Castle
3143:Qalat Jenah Castle
3025:Ismail Khan Castle
2985:Chavar Qala Castle
2970:Posht Qaleh Chavar
2723:Bard Zanjir Castle
2411:Shah Neshin Castle
2326:Hamzehkhani Castle
2052:Salavatabad Castle
1861:Kuh Shakhen Castle
1663:Rahmanniyeh Castle
1628:Mojahedabad Castle
1608:Gabar Hesar Castle
1505:Kohneh Castle, Nuk
1480:Arg of Alma Dushen
1366:Ispahbudhan Castle
1237:Kalat Ahram Castle
1141:Golshekanan Castle
1131:Buyni Yugun Castle
1103:Ab Sefid Ab Castle
1048:Naryn Castle, Nain
771:Hulagu Khan Castle
378:32.59667; 51.64389
328:Nizari–Seljuk wars
285:'s capture of the
166:
89:32.59667; 51.64389
3907:
3906:
3811:Mansur Kuh castle
3801:Kuh Zardan castle
3726:Abu Qubays, Syria
3681:
3680:
3567:Kamar Qala Castle
3512:
3511:
3472:Soltaniyeh Castle
3394:Chah Afzal Castle
3319:Abarndabad Castle
3309:Rahmatabad Castle
3294:Reshkuiyeh Castle
3269:Sar Yazd Fortress
3259:Hoseynabad Castle
2975:Qala Qiran Castle
2955:Sheikh Makan Fort
2945:Hezar Darb Castle
2776:Chehel Dar Castle
2753:Akbar Khan Castle
2700:Esfandaqeh Castle
2600:Qal'eh Dokhtar II
2557:Zar Bolagh Castle
2426:Tang Lorun Castle
2306:Izad-Khast Castle
2281:Arg of Karim Khan
2233:Pirouz Got Castle
2198:Sam Castle, Hamun
2153:Baloch Got castle
2120:Mansur Kuh Castle
2057:Khan Baghi Castle
2042:Qala Qureh Castle
1896:Chahkanduk Castle
1866:Kamar Qala Castle
1781:Kuh Zardan Castle
1535:Qasem Khan Castle
1462:Faradonbeh Castle
1457:Chaleshtar Castle
1394:Gabri Castle, Ray
1088:Shojaabad Castles
1033:Gouged Stronghold
487:
486:
413:
412:
233:, capital of the
158:
157:
3982:
3899:
3898:
3888:
3866:Al-Rusafa, Syria
3846:Qala Castle, Mud
3708:
3701:
3694:
3685:
3684:
3664:
3647:Tak Aghaj Castle
3607:Qala Castle, Ark
3539:
3532:
3525:
3516:
3515:
3452:Biuk Khan Castle
3409:Deh Asgar Castle
3399:Allahabad Castle
3369:Ahmadabad Castle
3329:Mehrpadin Castle
3254:Baqerabad Castle
3158:Hajjiabad Castle
3088:Tawseelah Castle
2917:Aq Bolagh Castle
2864:Haj Wakil Castle
2660:Ziaratgah Castle
2615:Davudabad Castle
2605:Shafiabad Castle
2504:Qari Daqu Castle
2436:Sarvestan Palace
2401:Gud Qalat Castle
2361:Do Qolleh Castle
2218:Nik Shahr Castle
2208:Seh Kohye Castle
2173:Irandegan Castle
2168:Firuzabad Castle
2125:Mehrnegar Castle
2032:Aghli Beg Castle
2002:Qomchoqay castle
1891:Khorashad Castle
1846:Nowferest Castle
1826:Qala Castle, Ark
1811:Qala Castle, Mud
1603:Bezanjerd Castle
1424:Kheyrabad Castle
1356:Tak Aghaj Castle
1313:Sar Tapeh Castle
1232:Bardestan Castle
990:Asgarabad Castle
980:Qiz Castle, Khoy
960:Takht-e Soleymān
945:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
853:
826:Qiz Castle Daghi
821:Qiz Castle, Osku
801:Sen Sarud Castle
766:Dokhtaran Castle
728:
727:
716:
709:
702:
693:
692:
686:
685:
662:
653:
652:
650:
648:
643:on 3 August 2016
639:. Archived from
625:
619:
618:
616:
614:
592:
491:Muhammad I Tapar
455:
442:Muhammad I Tapar
384:
383:
381:
380:
379:
374:
370:
367:
366:
365:
362:
335:
334:
321:Siege of Shahdiz
318:
317:
314:Siege of Shahdiz
212:
188:
187:
178:
153:Siege of Shahdiz
136:
134:
108:Site information
95:
94:
92:
91:
90:
85:
81:
78:
77:
76:
73:
58:
49:
33:
32:
19:
18:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3925:Castles in Iran
3910:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3889:
3880:
3796:Kuh Qaen castle
3746:Chimarud castle
3736:Atashgah Castle
3717:
3715:Ismaili castles
3712:
3682:
3677:
3665:
3656:
3652:Yengejeh Castle
3548:
3543:
3513:
3508:
3506:Castles in Iran
3496:
3447:Behestan Castle
3423:
3344:Roknabad Castle
3324:Mehrjerd Castle
3274:Kharanaq Castle
3264:Khavidak Castle
3230:
3211:Nahavand Castle
3187:
3153:Didehban Castle
3049:
3045:Shemiran Castle
3030:Hezarani Castle
2926:
2922:Deh Kord Castle
2868:
2854:Moghuyeh Castle
2849:Milajerd Castle
2844:Jamshidi Castle
2825:
2811:Palangan Castle
2757:
2704:
2695:Dashtab Castles
2680:Bahaabad Castle
2625:Ardeshir Castle
2566:
2513:
2509:Faizabad Castle
2474:Meimoon Ghal'eh
2440:
2346:Eshkanan Castle
2316:Mazayjan Castle
2267:
2253:Espidezh Castle
2134:
2071:
2022:Do Sineh Castle
1997:Kani Now Castle
1978:
1974:School Castle 1
1954:Hosseini Castle
1910:
1831:Azizabad Castle
1796:Qadamgah Castle
1776:Kuh Qaen Castle
1721:Bidesgan Castle
1692:
1618:Bardarud Castle
1598:Atashgah Castle
1585:Razavi Khorasan
1579:
1575:Arg Bala Castle
1500:Gurkanan Castle
1466:
1428:
1414:Deh Shad Castle
1389:Firuzkuh Castle
1375:
1351:Kalisham Castle
1336:Chimarud Castle
1317:
1289:
1271:
1242:Borazjan Castle
1213:
1185:
1166:Qahqaheh Castle
1112:
1108:Khanabad Castle
1098:Qameshlu Castle
1073:Yengejeh Castle
1053:Karshahi Castle
994:
952:West Azerbaijan
946:
845:
786:Kordasht Castle
738:East Azerbaijan
732:
730:Castles in Iran
722:
720:
690:
689:
682:
666:Daftary, Farhad
663:
656:
646:
644:
626:
622:
612:
610:
596:Daftary, Farhad
593:
580:
575:
563:
530:Ismaili castles
469:
429:Nizari Ismailis
405:
393:Seljuq victory
377:
375:
371:
368:
363:
360:
358:
356:
355:
354:
316:
307:Ismaili castles
283:Hassan-i Sabbah
269:Nizari Ismailis
223:
210:
199:Nizari Ismailis
132:
130:
88:
86:
82:
79:
74:
71:
69:
67:
66:
40:
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3988:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3930:Seljuk castles
3927:
3922:
3905:
3904:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3861:Rudkhan Castle
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3806:Lambsar Castle
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3711:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3688:
3679:
3678:
3675:Seljuk castles
3670:
3667:
3666:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3637:Semoran Castle
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3577:Kheshti Castle
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3546:Seljuk castles
3542:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3519:
3510:
3509:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3462:Navader Castle
3459:
3457:Hoz Leh Castle
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3414:Chowgan Castle
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3389:Chah Nu Castle
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3314:Marvast Castle
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3289:Shavvaz Castle
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3201:Ardalan Castle
3197:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3148:Fatuyeh Castle
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3093:Leshtan Castle
3090:
3085:
3083:Hezareh Castle
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3035:Qala Castle Nu
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2940:Abdanan Castle
2936:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2791:Kangelo Castle
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2645:Semoran Castle
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2620:Manujan Castle
2617:
2612:
2610:Hoshoun Castle
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2552:Samabad Castle
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2499:Lawajik Castle
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2479:Lambsar Castle
2476:
2471:
2469:Shirkuh Castle
2466:
2464:Semiran Castle
2461:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2416:Simakan Castle
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2386:Kafarha Castle
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2351:S.P.R (Castle)
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2301:Qal'eh Dokhtar
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2178:Heriduk Castle
2175:
2170:
2165:
2163:Espakeh Castle
2160:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:Shargeh Castle
2009:
2007:Qujileh Castle
2004:
1999:
1994:
1992:Ziwiyeh Castle
1988:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1969:Kazhdom Castle
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1939:Selasal Castle
1936:
1931:
1929:Mahtabi Castle
1926:
1924:Arrajan Castle
1920:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1736:Howgend Castle
1733:
1731:Birjand Castle
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1698:South Khorasan
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1593:Arg of Kashmar
1589:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1560:Kafaran Castle
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1485:Belqeys Castle
1482:
1476:
1474:
1472:North Khorasan
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1419:Ammameh Castle
1416:
1411:
1406:
1404:Rashkan Castle
1401:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1361:Shindan Castle
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1341:Rudkhan Castle
1338:
1333:
1331:Bandbon Castle
1327:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1247:Khormoj Castle
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1199:Gabaran Castle
1195:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1156:Khosrow Castle
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1126:Bar Bar Castle
1122:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1093:Murchan Castle
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1058:Kheshti Castle
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1028:Bayazeh Castle
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
992:
987:
982:
977:
975:Kafar Qaleh Si
972:
967:
962:
956:
954:
948:
947:
848:
846:
844:
843:
838:
836:Sherbit Castle
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
776:Poshtab Castle
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
751:Avarsin Castle
748:
742:
740:
734:
733:
719:
718:
711:
704:
696:
688:
687:
680:
654:
620:
577:
576:
574:
571:
570:
569:
562:
559:
485:
484:
481:
477:
476:
472:
471:
466:
462:
461:
457:
456:
444:
437:
436:
432:
431:
426:
420:
419:
415:
414:
411:
410:
407:
401:
400:
399:
398:
390:
386:
385:
350:Shahdiz, near
349:
347:
343:
342:
339:
331:
330:
323:
322:
315:
312:
240:The historian
222:
219:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
127:
123:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
64:
60:
59:
51:
50:
37:
36:
27:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3987:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3902:
3892:
3887:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3826:Nimrod Castle
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:Masyaf Castle
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:Khanik castle
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3731:Alamut Castle
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3709:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3676:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Rostam Castle
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:Poulad Castle
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3572:Keshit Castle
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3562:Jalali Castle
3560:
3558:
3557:Alanya Castle
3555:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3540:
3535:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3507:
3504:
3499:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3487:Qiz Castle Si
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3384:Zardak Castle
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:Haruni Castle
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3206:Chobin Castle
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3168:Rudbar Castle
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3108:Khamir Castle
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2902:Rumyan Castle
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2882:Arbabi Castle
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:Poulad Castle
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2786:Markuh Castle
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2733:Sarmaj Castle
2731:
2729:
2728:Maryam Castle
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2650:Qahqah Castle
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2630:Keshit Castle
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:Qomrud Castle
2545:
2543:
2542:Qermez Castle
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:Kuchar Castle
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:Alamut Castle
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2331:Puskan Castle
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2263:Naseri Castle
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2203:Sarbaz Castle
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2193:Ramrud Castle
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:Chanef Castle
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:Bampur Castle
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:Pa Deh Castle
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:Qadimi Castle
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:Garmez Castle
1962:
1960:
1959:Bardel Castle
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1851:Nughab Castle
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1836:Raqqeh Castle
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1766:Khanik Castle
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:Rostam Castle
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:Kondor Castle
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:Qarloq Castle
1568:
1566:
1565:Qoshun Castle
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Qelich Castle
1543:
1541:
1540:Sangar Castle
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1490:Bidvaz Castle
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:Junqan Castle
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:Zendan Castle
1255:
1253:
1252:Nasori Castle
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1161:Owltan Castle
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1068:Tabreh Castle
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1043:Jalali Castle
1041:
1039:
1038:Qurtan Castle
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
997:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
970:Dimdim Castle
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
955:
953:
949:
944:
940:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
852:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
831:Zahhak Castle
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
796:Razliq Castle
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
781:Jushin Castle
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
746:Arg of Tabriz
744:
743:
741:
739:
735:
731:
726:
717:
712:
710:
705:
703:
698:
697:
694:
683:
681:9780521429740
677:
673:
672:
667:
661:
659:
642:
638:
637:www.iis.ac.uk
634:
630:
624:
609:
605:
601:
597:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
578:
568:
565:
564:
558:
556:
552:
548:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:
520:
519:
514:
510:
506:
505:
500:
496:
492:
482:
479:
478:
473:
467:
464:
463:
458:
454:
449:
445:
443:
439:
438:
433:
430:
427:
425:
424:Seljuq Empire
422:
421:
416:
408:
403:
402:
396:
395:
394:
391:
388:
387:
382:
353:
348:
345:
344:
340:
337:
336:
332:
329:
324:
319:
311:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:Alamut Castle
284:
280:
276:
275:
270:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
238:
236:
235:Seljuq Empire
232:
228:
218:
216:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
182:
174:
170:
162:
154:
151:
147:
143:
139:
128:
124:
119:
115:
111:
106:
102:
98:
93:
65:
61:
57:
52:
48:
44:
38:
34:
25:
20:
3875:
3871:Saru Castles
3761:Gahur Castle
3756:Furg Citadel
3671:
3641:
3592:Lisar Castle
3502:
3442:Aghur Castle
3437:Abhar Castle
3354:Bedaf Castle
3349:Tizak Castle
3339:Sonni Castle
3299:Robat Castle
3284:Ernan Castle
3173:Dulab Castle
3138:Kamiz Castle
3133:Kuhij Castle
3128:Larak Castle
3103:Qeshm Castle
3063:Aamaj Castle
3040:Guria Castle
2912:Shapur Khast
2907:Nakam Castle
2897:Bajul Castle
2801:Owlad Castle
2743:Shian Castle
2675:Doran Castle
2670:Remuk Castle
2635:Rayen Castle
2459:Sasan Castle
2311:Tabar Castle
2296:Gachi Castle
2258:Abtar Castle
2238:Daman Castle
2228:Machi Castle
2183:Timur Castle
2110:Kafar Castle
2095:Saru Castles
2017:Surin Castle
1949:Razeh Castle
1944:Kuran Castle
1934:Shush Castle
1901:Babuk Castle
1856:Masen Castle
1761:Khvor Castle
1756:Furg Citadel
1725:
1711:Arg of Tabas
1678:Forud Castle
1673:Zibad Castle
1638:Nameq Castle
1623:Mikal Castle
1555:Qazlar Qaleh
1447:Dezak Castle
1442:Ardal Castle
1346:Lisar Castle
1267:Hesar Castle
1262:Dutch Castle
1209:Falis Castle
1204:Gahur Castle
854:
670:
645:. Retrieved
641:the original
636:
623:
611:. Retrieved
603:
551:Al-Mustazhir
522:
516:
502:
488:
468:Small force
418:Belligerents
392:
301:origin with
272:
266:
261:
245:
242:Ibn al-Athir
239:
224:
215:Mount Soffeh
180:
168:
167:
149:Battles/wars
121:Site history
28:
3975:Last stands
3404:Asil Castle
3364:Ardi Castle
3118:Ilud Castle
3113:Laft Castle
3073:Siba Castle
3068:Siba Castle
2980:Kolm Castle
2960:Valy Castle
2887:Azna Castle
2640:Sang Castle
2580:Anar Castle
2532:Geli Castle
2431:Bazm Castle
2130:Zard Castle
2100:Shir Qal'eh
1841:Yahn Castle
1668:Tus Citadel
1399:Iraj Castle
1078:Qal'eh Bozi
1063:Tarq Castle
465:Large force
404:Territorial
376: /
126:In use
87: /
63:Coordinates
3914:Categories
3821:Maymun-Diz
3622:Rig Castle
3078:Fin Castle
2995:Tut Castle
2763:Mazandaran
2710:Kermanshah
2484:Maymun-Diz
2188:Tis Castle
1906:Asu Castle
1613:Rig Castle
1409:Rey Castle
1136:Div Castle
841:Dag Castle
756:Babak Fort
573:References
555:Khanlanjan
495:a campaign
364:51°38′38″E
361:32°35′48″N
144:Demolished
75:51°38′38″E
72:32°35′48″N
3672:Also See:
3503:Also See:
3216:Noushijan
3055:Hormozgan
2718:Ban Qaleh
2595:Arg-e Bam
1984:Kurdistan
1916:Khuzestan
613:5 October
254:Malikshah
113:Condition
3901:Category
2874:Lorestan
1295:Golestan
668:(1992).
600:"DEZKŪH"
561:See also
538:Quhistan
509:Ismailis
460:Strength
346:Location
293:'s son,
258:Sasanian
116:In ruins
103:Fortress
3876:Shahdiz
3786:Khawabi
3766:Gerdkuh
3642:Shahdiz
3193:Hamadan
2831:Markazi
2090:Gerdkuh
1726:Shahdiz
1219:Bushehr
1118:Ardabil
1008:Abyaneh
1000:Isfahan
965:Chehriq
647:1 April
549:Caliph
547:Abbasid
534:Arrajan
513:imamate
480:Unknown
440:Sultan
406:changes
352:Isfahan
299:Daylami
262:Shahdiz
252:sultan
231:Isfahan
221:History
205:sultan
191:Isfahan
181:Shahdiz
173:Persian
131: (
43:Isfahan
22:Shahdiz
3429:Zanjan
2572:Kerman
2446:Qazvin
2077:Semnan
1381:Tehran
1191:Alborz
678:
542:Alamut
518:fida'i
450:
389:Result
303:Shiite
250:Seljuq
227:Persia
211:
203:Seljuk
169:Dizkuh
1323:Gilan
504:ulama
499:Sunni
446:Da'i
246:qal'a
186:شاهدز
179:) or
177:دزکوه
41:Near
31:شاهدز
3236:Yazd
2932:Ilam
2273:Fars
676:ISBN
649:2020
615:2018
536:and
525:amir
341:1107
338:Date
274:da'i
195:Iran
141:Fate
133:1107
129:1107
100:Type
47:Iran
2519:Qom
532:in
3916::
657:^
635:.
631:.
606:.
602:.
598:.
581:^
289:,
237:.
217:.
193:,
175::
45:,
3707:e
3700:t
3693:v
3538:e
3531:t
3524:v
715:e
708:t
701:v
684:.
651:.
617:.
523:(
183:(
171:(
135:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
