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Sexual revolution in 1960s United States

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371:, in which they assert that the role of women is defined in relativity to men, rather than as an independent person. They argued that women's liberation would occur when women were able to separate from the patriarchal concept of femininity and thus be sexually and socially separate from men. Manifestos and essays like "The Woman Identified Woman" were commonly distributed among the women's liberation movement members. Oftentimes these writings were not traditionally published, but spread at conferences and meetings; they were written critiques of the patriarchy, femininity, and other issues central to the women's movement. An example of an essay distributed in this way is Pat Mainardi's "The Politics of Housework" from 1970, in which she writes satirically of her husband's negligence of the housework and criticizes the inherent division of domestic labor within the home. 2190: 459:. Lesbian and queer groups were targeted for gender ambiguity and dress through three-article clothing laws, which required persons to be wearing at least three pieces of clothing that correlated to their gender assigned at birth. Many butch lesbians were able to adhere to these laws by wearing women's underwear and socks, or "men's cut" shirts and slimmer skirts instead of slacks. The rise of butch-femme dress allowed for visibility to the lesbian communities, and many women were able to find queer spaces simply by following butch women. Another way lesbian community was able to spread was through the popularization of 4286: 391:, between 1956 and 1965, sought out these 'deviants' within the public system, with a particular focus on teachers. The persecution of gay teachers was driven by the popular belief that homosexuals could prey on vulnerable young people and recruit them into homosexuality. In addition, male homosexuals were often seen as inherently more dangerous (particularly to children) than lesbians, due to stereotypes and societal prejudices. 361:
gender and the perceived differences between men and women. By wearing men's clothes and rejecting traditional femininity, activists drew mainstream attention and questioned the defining features of a woman into society. Many members of this more radical branch of the movement throughout the 1960s argued that feminine clothing and beauty standards were a method of oppression imposed by the patriarchy.
235:. While this ruling made it easier for married women to obtain birth control, unmarried women who requested gynecological exams and oral contraceptives were often denied or lectured on sexual morality. Those women who were denied access to the pill often had to visit several doctors before one would prescribe it to them. In 1972, the Supreme Court extended these rights to unmarried couples in 166:
husbands. He determined that the age of the first menses in women decreased from 1940 to 1968 likely due to better nutrition, which suggests that earlier "low illegitimacy rates among young girls were due to biological factors as well as to the social controls depressing sexual activity." He suggests that "the myth of an abstinent past and promiscuous present is highly exaggerated."
492:; and assaulted lesbian women when frisking them. As they took people out of the club, a scuffle began between a woman and police officers, and it quickly dissolved into a riot. Protests continued into the next day. The Stonewall riots are considered a defining moment in the gay rights movement and have become a "'year zero' in public consciousness and historical memory." 190:, both were less protective and not legalized. The pill "was female-controlled, simple to use, highly effective, and most revolutionary of all, it separated reproduction and contraception from the sexual act." While critics claimed that the pill would lead to immorality, it allowed women to gain freedom in body's decision making. 455:" that would halt the validity of the women's movement. Despite this ostracization, lesbian communities began to grow in the 1960s similarly to those of gay men. One way awareness of the community was able to spread was because of the rise of butch-femme fashion and outward expression of lesbianism after the 161:
explains, " concludes that members of the upper classes, whom the female-college-student surveys tend to study, change later than the rest of the population, and it is when they finally rejoin their lower-class counterparts in sexual mores and behavior that we suddenly believe a sexual revolution is
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The Stonewall riots of 1969 marked an increase in public awareness of gay rights campaigns, and it increased the willingness of homosexuals across America to join groups and campaign for rights. However, it would be misleading to conclude that resistance to homosexual oppression began or ended with
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Feminists extended this criticism of beauty standards in the 1960s through their appearances and outfits. They protested the traditionally feminine by cutting their hair short and refusing to wear women's clothing or makeup. Feminist activists took this approach to challenge the social construct of
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In addition, Phillips Cutright examined data about the age of first menses in the Western population and illegitimacy levels from 1940 to 1968. He discovered that no significant changes of revolutionary proportions occurred. The only "substantial increases" were among young whites with their future
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founded in 1953. The company was selling 1.1 million copies by 1960. It continued to increase its sales. By 1970, it was circulating 5.4 million copies worldwide, and it peaked production in 1972 with 7.16 million copies and "a quarter of all American male college students reportedly reading it in
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magazine, he wrote, "back in the days of slavery, Black folks couldn't grow kids fast enough for white folks to harvest. Now that we've got a little taste of power, white folks want to call a moratorium on having children." Still, a number of Black women chose to take the pill because they desired
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was obscene. The U.S. Supreme Court overturned that ruling in a 6–3 vote and stated that this book was also not "utterly without redeeming social value." This ruling made banning books with sexual content more difficult because any books with literary merit or social importance could no longer be
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However, despite second-wave feminists sometimes being considered "anti-sex," many women were interested in liberating women from certain sexual constraints. The women's liberation movement prioritized "its cultural challenge not to unjust laws but to the very definitions of female and male, the
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and New York staged demonstrations that protested discrimination against homosexuals. These groups argued "that the closing of gay bars was a denial of the right to free assembly and that the criminalization of homosexuality was a denial of the 'right to the pursuit of happiness.'" In 1969, the
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These gay rights groups also challenged traditional gender roles, similar to feminist movements of the time. The Mattachine leaders emphasized that homosexual oppression required strict definitions of gender behavior. Social roles equated "male, masculine, man only with husband and father" and
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had licensed the drug. 'The Pill', as it came to be known, was extraordinarily popular, and despite worries over possible side effects. By 1962, it was estimated that1,187,000 women were utilizing the new form of birth control. In 1964, eight states declared the pill illegal to use, including
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Homosexuality was still considered a developmental maladjustment by medical establishments throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Prejudices against homosexual behavior were cloaked in the language of medical authority, and homosexuals were unable to argue for the same legal and social rights.
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throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Though pulp novels were often formulaic, troupe-filled, and intended more for a male voyeuristic audience than queer women, they allowed women to find representation and queer identity in media, which had been heavily restricted until the 1960s.
178:" provided many women with an affordable way to decrease pregnancy. Prior to the introduction of the pill many women did not seek long-term jobs. During pregnancy, women would need to leave the job market, as they were seen as fragile and to care for their future offspring. 313:
discussed the domestic role of women in 1960s America and the feeling of dissatisfaction with that role. Friedan suggested that women should not conform to this popularized view of the feminine as "The Housewife" and that they should participate in and enjoy the act of sex.
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The Stonewall riots are a pivotal moment in gay rights history because they enabled many members of the gay community to identify with the struggle for gay rights. Gay life after Stonewall was just as varied and complex as it was before. Still, the development of the
357:. These women threw their bras, copies of Playboy, high heels, and other objects of beauty into a "Freedom Trash Can." Later feminists argued that sexual liberation allowed the patriarchy to hypersexualize women and gave men "free access" to women. 292:, which outlined a several side effects. She provided evidence for "the risk of blood clots, heart attack, stroke, depression, weight gain, and loss of libido." Her book would lead to congressional hearings about the safety of the pill in the 1970s. 249:
Criticisms of the pill developed among certain groups, Black populations in particular. The origin of the pill as a form of population control for those living in poverty created distrust among groups that were systematically impoverished.
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While women were rediscovering themselves, the gay rights movement was gaining the public eye. Public demonstrations and protests to challenge discrimination against sexuality occurred. While the movement did not begin to soar until the
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These fears about the pill continued to develop through the decade, and even into the 1970s. The United States, especially the South, had a history of controlling Black fertility, first under slavery and later through sterilization. In
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In the United States, a dramatic shift in traditional ideas about sex and sexuality arose from numerous social changes. Films set during the 1880s contained sexual images and some pornographic content were filmed in the 1920s. In 1969,
420:. With this movie, the gay community was launched into the sexual revolution and the porn industry. Earlier homoerotic films existed, especially in Europe, as early as 1908. These films were underground and sold in discreet channels. 333:
for the recognition of sex discrimination in the workplace throughout the 1960s. Another, younger, and more radical group of women's liberationists formed in the 1960s simultaneously with NOW, inspired by grassroots civil rights and
41:, allowed women to take control over their bodies and sexuality. Women using the pill could engage in sex with a lower risk of pregnancy. The revolution allowed women to rediscover their traditional and sex roles ascribed to them. 156:
During the changing norms, several studied sex rates to identify trends. Several researched and presented different answers. Daniel Scott Smith discovered an increase in sex rates within certain groups between 1940 and 1967. As
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was illegal and presented many health risks if performed. With the introduction of the Pill, the percentage of graduating women increased. Women's school success allowed for greater professional career opportunities.
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equated "female, feminine, women only with wife and mother." These activists saw homosexual women and men as victims of a "language and culture that did not admit the existence of a homosexual minority." The
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upon us. This argument is supported by historical work that suggests that premarital sex – and not simply sex with a fiancΓ© – was by no means uncommon among urban working-class women before the 1920s."
2847: 451:, though they still faced ostracization and oppression from some feminist groups. Notably, in 1969, NOW leader Betty Friedan claimed that the lesbians within the women's liberation movement were a " 367:
contributed to this questioning of the social definition of women through dress and theory. One of the most popular works by a lesbian feminist group was the Radicalesbian's 1970 manifesto
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developed in the 1960s and 1970s, demanding equal opportunities and rights for women. The feminist and women's liberation movements helped change ideas about women and their sexuality. In
325:, NOW focused their feminist efforts on legal and legislative change. They sought women's equality through lobbying and political activism, inspired by the work of groups like the 2793: 550: 398:, which made anal sex a crime. It was punishable by up to 10 years in prison. There were also restrictions on the portrayal of homosexuality in film and television, like the 254:
argued that birth control could now be used as genocide with racist motives, saying "contraception, abortion, sterilization are now major weapons in the arsenal of the
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argues that numerous acts of small-scale resistance are necessary for large political movements, and the years preceding Stonewall played a role in creating the
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and gay rights activists fought for an expansion of rights based on similar theories that drove some heterosexual women to reject traditional sexual norms.
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rejected the ban on the novel in a 5–4 vote. It was decided it had literary merit and was not "utterly without redeeming social value." In a similar case,
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was less popular in the 1960s than later decades, but it still engaged in public protest and an attitude "celebratory about the homosexual lifestyle." The
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Women could safely control their sexuality and fertility with the new contraception. Previous methods of birth control included herbal remedies and early
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in 1969 sought "to create new 'social form and relations' that would be based on 'brotherhood, cooperation, human love, and uninhibited sexuality."
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Throughout history, the United States has undergone waves of feminism, in response to their needs and wants during the time. The introduction of
767: 3611: 871: 30:, such as films, magazines, and books, became more popular and gained widespread attention nationally. Sex was entering the public domain. 2229: 572: 522: 388: 107:. Clubs were later opened in 23 other U.S. cities. The company was aimed at the male gaze. Writer and prominent feminist of the time, 255: 4202: 3028: 341:
The women's liberation movement also criticized the sexualization of women through beauty standards of sexuality in the 1960s. The
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The revolution was a social and cultural movement that resulted in liberalized attitudes toward sex and morality.
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Magazines depicting erotic and nude content increased in circulation. The well known magazine company,
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neighborhood. The police asked for identification from patrons of the bar; asked to verify the sex of
111:, went undercover at a Playboy Club in 1963 and found that women were often mistreated and exploited. 3729: 3435: 3413: 3128: 2988: 2913: 2801: 2409: 354: 3872: 3867: 2038:"Appearances Can Be Deceiving: Butch-Femme Fashion and Queer Legibility in New York City, 1945–1969" 76:
was the first erotic film to gain wide theatrical release. The film introduced "porno chic" and the
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League of Connecticut, and stated that the right to privacy for married couples was granted in the
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Homosexuals were sometimes characterized as dangerous and predatory deviants. For example, the
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After the publishing of the Feminine Mystique in 1963, Betty Friedan continued on to form the
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The pill was originally endorsed by the government. Its intent was to control overpopulation.
1356:"Prescribinng the Pill: Politics, Culture, and the Sexual Revolution in America's Heartland" 4197: 4013: 3812: 3503: 3376: 3035: 3013: 3008: 2993: 2702: 2650: 2356: 2333: 1229:"Prescribing the Pill: Politics, Culture, and the Sexual Revolution in America's Heartland" 509: 460: 350: 300: 2009:, The Shaping of the Gay and Lesbian Struggle for Civil Rights, NYU Press, pp. 1–38, 1679: 8: 4251: 4102: 4085: 4040: 3904: 3862: 3817: 3543: 3314: 3276: 3113: 2882: 2832: 2569: 2554: 562: 544: 539: 424: 322: 237: 4122: 4097: 3993: 3981: 3899: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3578: 3478: 3445: 3371: 3309: 3271: 3230: 3220: 2759: 2712: 2645: 2402: 2344: 2338: 2317: 2257: 2112: 2065: 2053: 2010: 1900: 1821: 1625: 1543: 1535: 1486: 1478: 1375: 1248: 1108: 1100: 741: 733: 620: 441: 428: 364: 263: 228: 129: 77: 1531: 793: 436:
United States had fifty gay and lesbian organizations that engaged in public protest.
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also argued against birth control and feared it was a tool to limit Black power.
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Lesbian rights movements in the 1960s tended to be combined with the greater
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Mainardi, Pat. "The Politics of Housework". Independently Published, 1970.
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became a publicly discussed topic that was taken seriously by critics.
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One-Handed Histories: The Erato-Politics of Gay Male Video Pornography
1104: 1080: 1028: 4268: 4018: 4008: 3956: 3934: 3919: 3857: 3852: 3651: 3631: 3493: 3329: 3256: 2960: 2262: 820:"Movie Review – Blue Movie (1968) Screen: Andy Warhol's 'Blue Movie'" 399: 2207: 1807: 669: 667: 616: 329:. Examples of this legislative change include NOW's lobbying of the 4139: 4107: 4028: 3986: 3929: 3909: 3782: 3636: 3626: 3366: 3346: 3246: 3210: 3118: 476:, the most popular gay bar in New York City, located in the city's 402:, which banned any homosexual characters or acts in film until 1961 346: 335: 179: 38: 327:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
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The pill was easier to obtain for married women, especially after
4263: 4134: 4063: 3946: 3882: 3837: 3827: 3641: 3603: 3339: 3187: 2442: 664: 601:"The Teenage Sexual Revolution and the Myth of an Abstinent Past" 201:, aimed to eliminate poverty and racial injustice. By 1960, the 187: 100: 89: 27: 2794:
Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution: An Unfettered History
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Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution, an Unfettered History
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Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution, an Unfettered History
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Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution: An Unfettered History
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Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution: An Unfettered History
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of 1969, many still celebrate homosexuality during this time.
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were changing as sex became more widely discussed in society.
4207: 1719:"Producing Identity: From Boys in the Band to Gay Liberation" 768:"The History of Pornography: From the Paleolithic to Pornhub" 326: 3847: 3792: 3508: 2779: 2774: 1674:, New York University Press, 2018-04-03, pp. 221–226, 1135:"The Quiet Revolution in Woman's Labor Force Participation" 406:
However, by 1971, the first gay pornographic feature film,
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Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
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In the early morning of June 28, 1969, police raided the
714:"The American Gay Rights Movement and Patriotic Protest" 375:
entire system then called 'sex roles' by sociologists."
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In the 1960s, bans on erotic novels were challenged. In
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sought to free women from social and moral confines.
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Stonewall: The Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution
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Gay Rights and the "Undocumented" Sexual Revolution
351:protested against the Miss America beauty pageant 4303: 18:During the 1960s, the United States underwent a 1725:. New York and London: Routledge. p. 238. 1671:46. The Woman- Identified Woman: Radicalesbians 950:Mr. Playboy: Hugh Hefner and the American Dream 274:'s cover story for the October 1971 edition of 3169: 1980:. University of California Press. p. 41. 1924:: The Greatest Moment of Gay Visiblility Ever" 3155: 2848: 2223: 128:, which was banned in the United States. The 1509: 1507: 467: 1305:"A brief history of the birth control pill" 573:Timeline of reproductive rights legislation 523:Birth control movement in the United States 389:Florida Legislative Investigation Committee 3162: 3148: 2855: 2841: 2230: 2216: 1918:Harrity, Christopher (September 2, 2016). 1785: 1783: 1298: 1296: 869: 707: 705: 703: 701: 699: 697: 695: 256:U.S.' Agency for International Development 223:(1965). The U.S. Supreme Court sided with 149:The Life and Adventures of Miss Fanny Hill 56: 1975: 1815: 1504: 1330:"Landmark Cases: Griswold v. Connecticut" 594: 592: 590: 588: 244: 153:considered obscene in the United States. 1789: 1716: 1456: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1172: 1170: 921: 898:"Playboy – global circulation 1960-2018" 598: 2188: 1978:American Homo: Community and Perversity 1971: 1969: 1917: 1780: 1595: 1567: 1293: 1132: 846:"That Old Feeling: When Porno Was Chic" 843: 692: 331:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 295: 4304: 2129: 2082: 2035: 2000: 1947: 1870: 1642: 1591: 1589: 1353: 1226: 1078: 585: 3143: 2836: 2237: 2211: 2154: 2031: 2029: 1752: 1602:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 1513: 1459:"A Critique of the Sexual Revolution" 1418: 1302: 1272: 1167: 947: 922:Bradford, Vanessa (14 October 2015). 870:Blumenthal, Ralph (21 January 1973). 817: 319:National Organization for Women (NOW) 2191:"History or Myth? Writing Stonewall" 1966: 1568:Friedan, Betty (February 19, 1963). 1001: 711: 675:"Feminism and the Sexual Revolution" 140:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court 1864: 1680:10.18574/nyu/9781479805419.003.0050 1586: 1081:"Structuring the Sexual Revolution" 1079:Martin, John Levi (February 1996). 972: 791: 718:Journal of the History of Sexuality 599:Cutright, Phillips (January 1972). 13: 2076: 2070:10.15767/feministstudies.42.3.0604 2054:10.15767/feministstudies.42.3.0604 2026: 1952:. New York: Harrington park Pres. 1572:. Penguin Books. pp. 91–105. 895: 844:Corliss, Richard (29 March 2005). 765: 290:The Doctors' Case Against the Pill 118:(1964), the Grove Press published 14: 4333: 1540:10.15767/feministstudies.41.1.138 1532:10.15767/feministstudies.41.1.138 1052: 4284: 2375:Pornography in the United States 1059:The First Amendment Encyclopedia 1008:The First Amendment Encyclopedia 1004:"Grove press v. Gerstein (1964)" 948:Watts, Steven (24 August 2009). 818:Canby, Vincent (July 22, 1969). 227:, the executive director of the 4240:LGBT-affirming religious groups 2708:New Andy Warhol Garrick Theatre 2182: 2148: 2123: 1994: 1941: 1911: 1839: 1746: 1710: 1701: 1662: 1643:badham, Van (2 February 2018). 1636: 1630:10.5250/fronjwomestud.34.2.0155 1614:10.5250/fronjwomestud.34.2.0155 1561: 1450: 1393: 1347: 1322: 1266: 1220: 1195: 1178:"Birth Control Before the Pill" 1126: 1072: 1046: 1021: 995: 966: 941: 915: 889: 558:New Andy Warhol Garrick Theatre 4317:Sexuality in the United States 3404:Sexually transmitted infection 1596:Hillman, Betty Luther (2013). 1483:10.5816/blackscholar.43.3.0029 1475:10.5816/blackscholar.43.3.0029 863: 837: 811: 785: 759: 638: 281:control over their fertility. 1: 3451:Women who have sex with women 2744:Feminist views of pornography 2437:Masters and Johnson Institute 2274:Die SexualitΓ€t im Kulturkampf 2001:Miller, Diane Helene (1998), 1279:. Routledge. pp. 30–33. 579: 568:Sex in the American Civil War 394:In addition, most states had 116:Grove Press, Inc. v. Gerstein 103:in 1960, and members were by 3584:History of erotic depictions 3474:Criminal transmission of HIV 1721:. In Smith, Patricia (ed.). 605:Family Planning Perspectives 369:"The Woman Identified Woman" 203:Food and Drug Administration 43:Women's liberation movements 7: 4322:Counterculture of the 1960s 3569:Counterculture of the 1960s 3041:Women's liberation movement 2864:Counterculture of the 1960s 2739:Counterculture of the 1960s 1976:Escoffier, Jeffrey (1998). 924:"Why America loved Playboy" 515: 449:Women's Liberation Movement 169: 10: 4338: 4291:Human sexuality portal 2189:Shepard, Benjamin (2004). 2161:. Routledge. p. 155. 1759:. Routledge. p. 154. 1717:Scroggie, William (1999). 1055:"Memoirs v. Massachusetts" 345:, a radical civil rights, 4279: 4160: 4049: 3768: 3720: 3597: 3554: 3459: 3436:Men who have sex with men 3412: 3285: 3181: 3086: 3063: 2989:Back-to-the-land movement 2969: 2914:San Francisco Renaissance 2906: 2875: 2802:The Notorious Bettie Page 2731: 2633: 2467: 2419: 2410:The personal is political 2394: 2283: 2245: 1817:2027/spo.0499697.0027.303 1457:Chrisman, Robert (2013). 1360:Journal of Social History 1233:Journal of Social History 468:The Stonewall Riots, 1969 355:Atlantic City, New Jersey 197:'s social reform policy, 2979:American Indian Movement 1948:Burger, John R. (1995). 1790:Braukman, Stacy (2001). 338:movements of the 1960s. 195:President Lyndon Johnson 135:Memoirs v. Massachusetts 2083:Keller, Yvonne (2005). 1871:Keller, Yvonne (2005). 1514:Evans, Sara M. (2015). 502:gay liberation movement 365:Lesbian feminist groups 220:Griswold v. Connecticut 95:the 1970s." The first 57:Changes in social norms 3712:Split attraction model 3702:Sexual objectification 3612:Anarchism and love/sex 2324:Divorce law by country 2134:. St. Martin's Press. 2130:Carter, David (2004). 1303:Nikolchev, Alexandra. 1133:Boustan, Leah (2009). 975:"A Bunny's Tale (PDF)" 343:New York Radical Women 321:in 1966. Similarly to 245:Criticisms of the Pill 3672:Sex-positive movement 3325:Reproductive medicine 3320:Obesity and sexuality 3267:Sexual response cycle 2999:Civil rights movement 2984:Anti-nuclear movement 2641:55th Street Playhouse 2155:Allyn, David (2001). 2036:Genter, Alix (2016). 1753:Allyn, David (2001). 1570:The Feminine Mystique 1401:"Eisenstadt v. Baird" 1354:Bailey, Beth (1997). 1273:Allyn, David (2006). 1227:Bailey, Beth (1997). 1203:"What 'The Pill' did" 730:10.1353/sex.2010.0011 646:"What 'The Pill' did" 535:55th Street Playhouse 414:55th Street Playhouse 349:, and antiwar group, 306:The Feminine Mystique 258:." Attendees at the 4198:Buddhist monasticism 4188:Christian demonology 4014:Urethral intercourse 3813:Erotic sexual denial 3504:Cybersex trafficking 3377:Erectile dysfunction 3036:Second-wave feminism 3014:Free Speech Movement 3009:Free school movement 2994:Black Power movement 2970:Social and political 2703:Mineshaft (gay club) 2651:Catacombs (sex club) 2357:Obergefell v. Hodges 2334:Freedom of the press 2101:10.1353/aq.2005.0028 1889:10.1353/aq.2005.0028 1372:10.1353/jsh/30.4.827 1245:10.1353/jsh/30.4.827 712:Hall, Simon (2010). 510:Gay Liberation Front 323:first-wave feminists 301:Second-wave feminism 296:The Women's Movement 284:In 1969, journalist 174:Beginning in 1960, " 4252:Sacred prostitution 4041:Wet T-shirt contest 3905:Non-penetrative sex 3863:Mammary intercourse 3544:Revenge pornography 3315:Masters and Johnson 3277:Vaginal lubrication 2883:Black Arts Movement 2570:Robert Mapplethorpe 1148:(1). Archived from 794:"Blue Movie (1968)" 563:Reproductive rights 545:Masters and Johnson 540:Helen Singer Kaplan 461:lesbian pulp novels 425:gay rights movement 412:, was shown at the 400:1934 Hays Film Code 238:Eisenstadt v. Baird 4098:Red-light district 3994:Sexual penetration 3982:Sexual intercourse 3900:Nipple stimulation 3579:Golden Age of Porn 3479:Child sexual abuse 3446:Sexual orientation 3372:Sexual dysfunction 3310:Male contraceptive 3272:Sexual stimulation 3221:Nocturnal emission 2760:Inside Deep Throat 2646:Caldron (sex club) 2403:Make love, not war 2345:Loving v. Virginia 2339:Golden Age of Porn 2258:Male contraceptive 2195:Lambda Book Report 2089:American Quarterly 1877:American Quarterly 1097:10.1007/BF00140760 1085:Theory and Society 876:The New York Times 824:The New York Times 442:homophile movement 429:Mattachine Society 264:Newark, New Jersey 229:Planned Parenthood 130:U.S. Supreme Court 78:Golden Age of Porn 20:sexual revolution. 4312:Sexual revolution 4299: 4298: 4208:Hindu monasticism 4193:Clerical celibacy 4059:Adult video games 3770:Sexual activities 3687:Sexual attraction 3677:Sexual abstinence 3589:Sexual revolution 3574:Feminist sex wars 3529:Sexual misconduct 3524:Sexual harassment 3489:Indecent exposure 3196:Clitoral erection 3137: 3136: 3071:Underground press 3048:Sexual revolution 2956:Bed-Ins for Peace 2893:Psychedelic music 2830: 2829: 2718:Sandstone retreat 2676:Dallas-Fort Worth 2545:Magnus Hirschfeld 2329:Freedom of speech 2311:Myra Breckinridge 2239:Sexual revolution 2007:Freedom to Differ 1723:The Queer Sixties 1689:978-1-4798-0541-9 1463:The Black Scholar 1002:Flemming, Roy B. 973:Steinem, Gloria. 959:978-0-470-52167-0 478:Greenwich Village 233:U.S. Constitution 199:The Great Society 4329: 4289: 4288: 4213:Jain monasticism 3977:Sexual fetishism 3895:Mechanics of sex 3778:Conventional sex 3682:Sexual addiction 3617:Extramarital sex 3399:Sexual surrogate 3235:male ejaculation 3164: 3157: 3150: 3141: 3140: 2934:Swinging Sixties 2929:Mods and rockers 2924:British Invasion 2857: 2850: 2843: 2834: 2833: 2555:Virginia Johnson 2485:Aleister Crowley 2480:Marilyn Chambers 2449:Protests of 1968 2297:Boys in the Sand 2232: 2225: 2218: 2209: 2208: 2203: 2202: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2042:Feminist Studies 2033: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2021: 1998: 1992: 1991: 1973: 1964: 1963: 1945: 1939: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1922:Boys in the Sand 1915: 1909: 1908: 1868: 1862: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1843: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1819: 1796:Feminist Studies 1787: 1778: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1750: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1714: 1708: 1705: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1640: 1634: 1633: 1593: 1584: 1583: 1565: 1559: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1520:Feminist Studies 1511: 1502: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1454: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1433:"Black Genocide" 1429: 1416: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1397: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1351: 1345: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1326: 1320: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1300: 1291: 1290: 1270: 1264: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1224: 1218: 1217: 1215: 1213: 1199: 1193: 1192: 1190: 1188: 1174: 1165: 1164: 1162: 1160: 1154: 1139: 1130: 1124: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1076: 1070: 1069: 1067: 1065: 1050: 1044: 1043: 1041: 1039: 1025: 1019: 1018: 1016: 1014: 999: 993: 992: 990: 988: 979: 970: 964: 963: 945: 939: 938: 936: 934: 919: 913: 912: 910: 908: 893: 887: 886: 884: 882: 867: 861: 860: 858: 856: 841: 835: 834: 832: 830: 815: 809: 808: 806: 804: 789: 783: 782: 780: 778: 763: 757: 756: 754: 752: 709: 690: 689: 687: 685: 679:Encyclopedia.com 671: 662: 661: 659: 657: 642: 636: 635: 633: 631: 596: 457:Second World War 433:Washington, D.C. 409:Boys in the Sand 225:Estelle Griswold 159:John Levi Martin 125:Tropic of Cancer 37:and second-wave 4337: 4336: 4332: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4327: 4326: 4302: 4301: 4300: 4295: 4283: 4275: 4203:Catholic Church 4163: 4156: 4045: 3764: 3716: 3622:Family planning 3601: 3593: 3550: 3539:Sexual violence 3514:Sex trafficking 3455: 3441:Sexual identity 3431:Gender identity 3408: 3394:Sexual medicine 3290: 3281: 3247:Penile erection 3201:Erogenous zones 3185: 3177: 3175:human sexuality 3168: 3138: 3133: 3082: 3059: 2971: 2965: 2939:Hippie movement 2907:Cultural events 2902: 2888:Psychedelic art 2871: 2861: 2831: 2826: 2727: 2723:South of Market 2713:Plato's Retreat 2629: 2620:Ruth Westheimer 2605:Margaret Sanger 2600:Marquis de Sade 2580:William Masters 2575:William Margold 2463: 2454:Stonewall riots 2415: 2390: 2279: 2241: 2236: 2206: 2187: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2153: 2149: 2142: 2128: 2124: 2081: 2077: 2034: 2027: 2019: 2017: 1999: 1995: 1988: 1974: 1967: 1960: 1946: 1942: 1932: 1930: 1916: 1912: 1869: 1865: 1855: 1853: 1845: 1844: 1840: 1830: 1828: 1808:10.2307/3178804 1788: 1781: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1751: 1747: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1653: 1651: 1641: 1637: 1594: 1587: 1580: 1566: 1562: 1552: 1550: 1512: 1505: 1495: 1493: 1455: 1451: 1441: 1439: 1431: 1430: 1419: 1409: 1407: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1384: 1382: 1352: 1348: 1338: 1336: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1313: 1311: 1301: 1294: 1287: 1271: 1267: 1257: 1255: 1239:(4): 828, 845. 1225: 1221: 1211: 1209: 1201: 1200: 1196: 1186: 1184: 1176: 1175: 1168: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1137: 1131: 1127: 1117: 1115: 1077: 1073: 1063: 1061: 1051: 1047: 1037: 1035: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1012: 1010: 1000: 996: 986: 984: 977: 971: 967: 960: 946: 942: 932: 930: 920: 916: 906: 904: 894: 890: 880: 878: 868: 864: 854: 852: 842: 838: 828: 826: 816: 812: 802: 800: 798:WarholStars.org 792:Comenas, Gary. 790: 786: 776: 774: 764: 760: 750: 748: 710: 693: 683: 681: 673: 672: 665: 655: 653: 644: 643: 639: 629: 627: 617:10.2307/2133672 597: 586: 582: 577: 518: 470: 453:lavender menace 381: 298: 252:Robert Chrisman 247: 172: 105:Playboy Bunnies 59: 51:Stonewall riots 12: 11: 5: 4335: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4273: 4272: 4271: 4261: 4260: 4259: 4257:Ancient Greece 4249: 4244: 4243: 4242: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4216: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4190: 4185: 4184: 4183: 4168: 4166: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4143: 4142: 4132: 4127: 4126: 4125: 4120: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4078: 4077: 4076: 4066: 4061: 4055: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4043: 4038: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3990: 3989: 3979: 3974: 3972:Sexual fantasy 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3938: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3873:Anal fingering 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3833:Foot fetishism 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3774: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3726: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3692:Sexual capital 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3657:Premarital sex 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3608: 3606: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3560: 3558: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3548: 3547: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3534:Sexual slavery 3531: 3526: 3521: 3519:Sexual assault 3516: 3511: 3506: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3469:Age of consent 3465: 3463: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3422: 3420: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3390: 3389: 3384: 3382:Hypersexuality 3379: 3369: 3364: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3296: 3294: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3262:Sexual arousal 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3238: 3237: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3192: 3190: 3179: 3178: 3167: 3166: 3159: 3152: 3144: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3124:UK underground 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3080: 3079: 3078: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3057: 3056: 3055: 3045: 3044: 3043: 3033: 3032: 3031: 3021: 3019:Gay liberation 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2975: 2973: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2952: 2951: 2949:Summer of Love 2946: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2872: 2860: 2859: 2852: 2845: 2837: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2824: 2816: 2811: 2809:Peace movement 2806: 2798: 2790: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2764: 2756: 2751: 2749:Freudo-Marxism 2746: 2741: 2735: 2733: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2610:Annie Sprinkle 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2585:Radley Metzger 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2565:Linda Lovelace 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2510:Ralph Ginzburg 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2490:Gerard Damiano 2487: 2482: 2477: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2461: 2459:Summer of Love 2456: 2451: 2446: 2439: 2434: 2432:Kinsey Reports 2429: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2413: 2406: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2388: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2360: 2353: 2348: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2314: 2307: 2300: 2293: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2280: 2278: 2277: 2270: 2268:Gay liberation 2265: 2260: 2255: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2242: 2235: 2234: 2227: 2220: 2212: 2205: 2204: 2181: 2167: 2147: 2140: 2122: 2095:(2): 385–410. 2075: 2048:(3): 604–631. 2025: 1993: 1986: 1965: 1958: 1940: 1910: 1883:(2): 385–410. 1863: 1838: 1802:(3): 553–575. 1779: 1765: 1745: 1731: 1709: 1700: 1688: 1661: 1635: 1608:(2): 155–185. 1585: 1578: 1560: 1526:(1): 138–149. 1503: 1449: 1417: 1392: 1346: 1321: 1292: 1285: 1265: 1219: 1194: 1166: 1155:on May 3, 2021 1125: 1071: 1053:Stern, Simon. 1045: 1020: 994: 965: 958: 940: 914: 888: 862: 836: 810: 784: 758: 724:(3): 536–562. 691: 663: 637: 583: 581: 578: 576: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 547: 542: 537: 532: 525: 519: 517: 514: 482:cross-dressers 469: 466: 380: 377: 297: 294: 286:Barbara Seaman 262:Conference in 246: 243: 171: 168: 109:Gloria Steinem 68:, directed by 58: 55: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4334: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4281: 4278: 4270: 4267: 4266: 4265: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4182: 4179: 4178: 4177: 4173: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4115: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4082: 4079: 4075: 4072: 4071: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3967:Sex positions 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3843:Forced orgasm 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3767: 3761: 3760:United States 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3719: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3697:Sexual ethics 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3600: 3599:Relationships 3596: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3426:Gender binary 3424: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3387:Hyposexuality 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3361:PLISSIT model 3358: 3355: 3353: 3352:Sex education 3350: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3300:Birth control 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3288: 3284: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3252:Pre-ejaculate 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3242:Pelvic thrust 3240: 3236: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3165: 3160: 3158: 3153: 3151: 3146: 3145: 3142: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3094:Discordianism 3092: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3077: 3074: 3073: 3072: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3054: 3053:United States 3051: 3050: 3049: 3046: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3034: 3030: 3027: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2968: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2869: 2865: 2858: 2853: 2851: 2846: 2844: 2839: 2838: 2835: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2803: 2799: 2796: 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2424: 2422: 2418: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2346: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2313: 2312: 2308: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2299: 2298: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2253:Birth control 2251: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2233: 2228: 2226: 2221: 2219: 2214: 2213: 2210: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2185: 2170: 2168:9780316039307 2164: 2160: 2159: 2151: 2143: 2141:9780312342692 2137: 2133: 2126: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2079: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2032: 2030: 2016: 2015:j.ctt9qfg14.5 2012: 2008: 2004: 1997: 1989: 1987:9781788732314 1983: 1979: 1972: 1970: 1961: 1955: 1951: 1944: 1929: 1925: 1923: 1914: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1867: 1852: 1848: 1842: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1786: 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Index

Social norms
Erotic media
the pill
feminism
Women's liberation movements
Stonewall riots
Blue Movie
Andy Warhol
Golden Age of Porn
Pornography
Playboy
Playboy Club
Chicago
Playboy Bunnies
Gloria Steinem
Henry Miller
Tropic of Cancer
U.S. Supreme Court
Memoirs v. Massachusetts
Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
John Cleland
The Life and Adventures of Miss Fanny Hill
John Levi Martin
The Pill
Abortion
condoms
President Lyndon Johnson
The Great Society
Food and Drug Administration
Connecticut

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