371:, in which they assert that the role of women is defined in relativity to men, rather than as an independent person. They argued that women's liberation would occur when women were able to separate from the patriarchal concept of femininity and thus be sexually and socially separate from men. Manifestos and essays like "The Woman Identified Woman" were commonly distributed among the women's liberation movement members. Oftentimes these writings were not traditionally published, but spread at conferences and meetings; they were written critiques of the patriarchy, femininity, and other issues central to the women's movement. An example of an essay distributed in this way is Pat Mainardi's "The Politics of Housework" from 1970, in which she writes satirically of her husband's negligence of the housework and criticizes the inherent division of domestic labor within the home.
2190:
459:. Lesbian and queer groups were targeted for gender ambiguity and dress through three-article clothing laws, which required persons to be wearing at least three pieces of clothing that correlated to their gender assigned at birth. Many butch lesbians were able to adhere to these laws by wearing women's underwear and socks, or "men's cut" shirts and slimmer skirts instead of slacks. The rise of butch-femme dress allowed for visibility to the lesbian communities, and many women were able to find queer spaces simply by following butch women. Another way lesbian community was able to spread was through the popularization of
4286:
391:, between 1956 and 1965, sought out these 'deviants' within the public system, with a particular focus on teachers. The persecution of gay teachers was driven by the popular belief that homosexuals could prey on vulnerable young people and recruit them into homosexuality. In addition, male homosexuals were often seen as inherently more dangerous (particularly to children) than lesbians, due to stereotypes and societal prejudices.
361:
gender and the perceived differences between men and women. By wearing men's clothes and rejecting traditional femininity, activists drew mainstream attention and questioned the defining features of a woman into society. Many members of this more radical branch of the movement throughout the 1960s argued that feminine clothing and beauty standards were a method of oppression imposed by the patriarchy.
235:. While this ruling made it easier for married women to obtain birth control, unmarried women who requested gynecological exams and oral contraceptives were often denied or lectured on sexual morality. Those women who were denied access to the pill often had to visit several doctors before one would prescribe it to them. In 1972, the Supreme Court extended these rights to unmarried couples in
166:
husbands. He determined that the age of the first menses in women decreased from 1940 to 1968 likely due to better nutrition, which suggests that earlier "low illegitimacy rates among young girls were due to biological factors as well as to the social controls depressing sexual activity." He suggests that "the myth of an abstinent past and promiscuous present is highly exaggerated."
492:; and assaulted lesbian women when frisking them. As they took people out of the club, a scuffle began between a woman and police officers, and it quickly dissolved into a riot. Protests continued into the next day. The Stonewall riots are considered a defining moment in the gay rights movement and have become a "'year zero' in public consciousness and historical memory."
190:, both were less protective and not legalized. The pill "was female-controlled, simple to use, highly effective, and most revolutionary of all, it separated reproduction and contraception from the sexual act." While critics claimed that the pill would lead to immorality, it allowed women to gain freedom in body's decision making.
455:" that would halt the validity of the women's movement. Despite this ostracization, lesbian communities began to grow in the 1960s similarly to those of gay men. One way awareness of the community was able to spread was because of the rise of butch-femme fashion and outward expression of lesbianism after the
161:
explains, " concludes that members of the upper classes, whom the female-college-student surveys tend to study, change later than the rest of the population, and it is when they finally rejoin their lower-class counterparts in sexual mores and behavior that we suddenly believe a sexual revolution is
495:
The
Stonewall riots of 1969 marked an increase in public awareness of gay rights campaigns, and it increased the willingness of homosexuals across America to join groups and campaign for rights. However, it would be misleading to conclude that resistance to homosexual oppression began or ended with
360:
Feminists extended this criticism of beauty standards in the 1960s through their appearances and outfits. They protested the traditionally feminine by cutting their hair short and refusing to wear women's clothing or makeup. Feminist activists took this approach to challenge the social construct of
165:
In addition, Phillips
Cutright examined data about the age of first menses in the Western population and illegitimacy levels from 1940 to 1968. He discovered that no significant changes of revolutionary proportions occurred. The only "substantial increases" were among young whites with their future
94:
founded in 1953. The company was selling 1.1 million copies by 1960. It continued to increase its sales. By 1970, it was circulating 5.4 million copies worldwide, and it peaked production in 1972 with 7.16 million copies and "a quarter of all
American male college students reportedly reading it in
280:
magazine, he wrote, "back in the days of slavery, Black folks couldn't grow kids fast enough for white folks to harvest. Now that we've got a little taste of power, white folks want to call a moratorium on having children." Still, a number of Black women chose to take the pill because they desired
152:
was obscene. The U.S. Supreme Court overturned that ruling in a 6β3 vote and stated that this book was also not "utterly without redeeming social value." This ruling made banning books with sexual content more difficult because any books with literary merit or social importance could no longer be
374:
However, despite second-wave feminists sometimes being considered "anti-sex," many women were interested in liberating women from certain sexual constraints. The women's liberation movement prioritized "its cultural challenge not to unjust laws but to the very definitions of female and male, the
435:
and New York staged demonstrations that protested discrimination against homosexuals. These groups argued "that the closing of gay bars was a denial of the right to free assembly and that the criminalization of homosexuality was a denial of the 'right to the pursuit of happiness.'" In 1969, the
439:
These gay rights groups also challenged traditional gender roles, similar to feminist movements of the time. The
Mattachine leaders emphasized that homosexual oppression required strict definitions of gender behavior. Social roles equated "male, masculine, man only with husband and father" and
205:
had licensed the drug. 'The Pill', as it came to be known, was extraordinarily popular, and despite worries over possible side effects. By 1962, it was estimated that1,187,000 women were utilizing the new form of birth control. In 1964, eight states declared the pill illegal to use, including
383:
Homosexuality was still considered a developmental maladjustment by medical establishments throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Prejudices against homosexual behavior were cloaked in the language of medical authority, and homosexuals were unable to argue for the same legal and social rights.
463:
throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Though pulp novels were often formulaic, troupe-filled, and intended more for a male voyeuristic audience than queer women, they allowed women to find representation and queer identity in media, which had been heavily restricted until the 1960s.
178:" provided many women with an affordable way to decrease pregnancy. Prior to the introduction of the pill many women did not seek long-term jobs. During pregnancy, women would need to leave the job market, as they were seen as fragile and to care for their future offspring.
313:
discussed the domestic role of women in 1960s
America and the feeling of dissatisfaction with that role. Friedan suggested that women should not conform to this popularized view of the feminine as "The Housewife" and that they should participate in and enjoy the act of sex.
507:
The
Stonewall riots are a pivotal moment in gay rights history because they enabled many members of the gay community to identify with the struggle for gay rights. Gay life after Stonewall was just as varied and complex as it was before. Still, the development of the
357:. These women threw their bras, copies of Playboy, high heels, and other objects of beauty into a "Freedom Trash Can." Later feminists argued that sexual liberation allowed the patriarchy to hypersexualize women and gave men "free access" to women.
292:, which outlined a several side effects. She provided evidence for "the risk of blood clots, heart attack, stroke, depression, weight gain, and loss of libido." Her book would lead to congressional hearings about the safety of the pill in the 1970s.
249:
Criticisms of the pill developed among certain groups, Black populations in particular. The origin of the pill as a form of population control for those living in poverty created distrust among groups that were systematically impoverished.
48:
While women were rediscovering themselves, the gay rights movement was gaining the public eye. Public demonstrations and protests to challenge discrimination against sexuality occurred. While the movement did not begin to soar until the
269:
These fears about the pill continued to develop through the decade, and even into the 1970s. The United States, especially the South, had a history of controlling Black fertility, first under slavery and later through sterilization. In
61:
In the United States, a dramatic shift in traditional ideas about sex and sexuality arose from numerous social changes. Films set during the 1880s contained sexual images and some pornographic content were filmed in the 1920s. In 1969,
420:. With this movie, the gay community was launched into the sexual revolution and the porn industry. Earlier homoerotic films existed, especially in Europe, as early as 1908. These films were underground and sold in discreet channels.
333:
for the recognition of sex discrimination in the workplace throughout the 1960s. Another, younger, and more radical group of women's liberationists formed in the 1960s simultaneously with NOW, inspired by grassroots civil rights and
41:, allowed women to take control over their bodies and sexuality. Women using the pill could engage in sex with a lower risk of pregnancy. The revolution allowed women to rediscover their traditional and sex roles ascribed to them.
156:
During the changing norms, several studied sex rates to identify trends. Several researched and presented different answers. Daniel Scott Smith discovered an increase in sex rates within certain groups between 1940 and 1967. As
182:
was illegal and presented many health risks if performed. With the introduction of the Pill, the percentage of graduating women increased. Women's school success allowed for greater professional career opportunities.
440:
equated "female, feminine, women only with wife and mother." These activists saw homosexual women and men as victims of a "language and culture that did not admit the existence of a homosexual minority." The
162:
upon us. This argument is supported by historical work that suggests that premarital sex β and not simply sex with a fiancΓ© β was by no means uncommon among urban working-class women before the 1920s."
2847:
451:, though they still faced ostracization and oppression from some feminist groups. Notably, in 1969, NOW leader Betty Friedan claimed that the lesbians within the women's liberation movement were a "
367:
contributed to this questioning of the social definition of women through dress and theory. One of the most popular works by a lesbian feminist group was the
Radicalesbian's 1970 manifesto
303:
developed in the 1960s and 1970s, demanding equal opportunities and rights for women. The feminist and women's liberation movements helped change ideas about women and their sexuality. In
325:, NOW focused their feminist efforts on legal and legislative change. They sought women's equality through lobbying and political activism, inspired by the work of groups like the
2793:
550:
398:, which made anal sex a crime. It was punishable by up to 10 years in prison. There were also restrictions on the portrayal of homosexuality in film and television, like the
254:
argued that birth control could now be used as genocide with racist motives, saying "contraception, abortion, sterilization are now major weapons in the arsenal of the
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argues that numerous acts of small-scale resistance are necessary for large political movements, and the years preceding
Stonewall played a role in creating the
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and gay rights activists fought for an expansion of rights based on similar theories that drove some heterosexual women to reject traditional sexual norms.
132:
rejected the ban on the novel in a 5β4 vote. It was decided it had literary merit and was not "utterly without redeeming social value." In a similar case,
427:
was less popular in the 1960s than later decades, but it still engaged in public protest and an attitude "celebratory about the homosexual lifestyle." The
186:
Women could safely control their sexuality and fertility with the new contraception. Previous methods of birth control included herbal remedies and early
512:
in 1969 sought "to create new 'social form and relations' that would be based on 'brotherhood, cooperation, human love, and uninhibited sexuality."
674:
448:
33:
Throughout history, the United States has undergone waves of feminism, in response to their needs and wants during the time. The introduction of
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30:, such as films, magazines, and books, became more popular and gained widespread attention nationally. Sex was entering the public domain.
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107:. Clubs were later opened in 23 other U.S. cities. The company was aimed at the male gaze. Writer and prominent feminist of the time,
255:
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The women's liberation movement also criticized the sexualization of women through beauty standards of sexuality in the 1960s. The
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1792:"'Nothing Else Matters but Sex': Cold War Narratives of Deviance and the Search for Lesbian Teachers in Florida, 1959-1963"
139:
2722:
1919:
1598:""The Clothes I Wear Help Me to Know My Own Power": The Politics of Gender Presentation in the Era of Women's Liberation"
2085:""Was It Right to Love Her Brother's Wife so Passionately?": Lesbian Pulp Novels and U.S. Lesbian Identity, 1950-1965"
1873:""Was It Right to Love Her Brother's Wife so Passionately?": Lesbian Pulp Novels and U.S. Lesbian Identity, 1950-1965"
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The revolution was a social and cultural movement that resulted in liberalized attitudes toward sex and morality.
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Magazines depicting erotic and nude content increased in circulation. The well known magazine company,
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neighborhood. The police asked for identification from patrons of the bar; asked to verify the sex of
111:, went undercover at a Playboy Club in 1963 and found that women were often mistreated and exploited.
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2038:"Appearances Can Be Deceiving: Butch-Femme Fashion and Queer Legibility in New York City, 1945β1969"
76:
was the first erotic film to gain wide theatrical release. The film introduced "porno chic" and the
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3807:
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2978:
1029:"A Book Named 'John Cleland's Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure' v. Attorney General of Massachusetts"
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League of
Connecticut, and stated that the right to privacy for married couples was granted in the
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Homosexuals were sometimes characterized as dangerous and predatory deviants. For example, the
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After the publishing of the
Feminine Mystique in 1963, Betty Friedan continued on to form the
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The pill was originally endorsed by the government. Its intent was to control overpopulation.
1356:"Prescribinng the Pill: Politics, Culture, and the Sexual Revolution in America's Heartland"
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1229:"Prescribing the Pill: Politics, Culture, and the Sexual Revolution in America's Heartland"
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2009:, The Shaping of the Gay and Lesbian Struggle for Civil Rights, NYU Press, pp. 1β38,
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8:
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United States had fifty gay and lesbian organizations that engaged in public protest.
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2003:"CONSTRUCTIONS AND DECONSTRUCTIONS: Gay Politics, Lesbian Feminism, and Civil Rights"
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also argued against birth control and feared it was a tool to limit Black power.
251:
50:
1645:"That's patriarchy: how female sexual liberation led to male sexual entitlement"
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Lesbian rights movements in the 1960s tended to be combined with the greater
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23:
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Mainardi, Pat. "The Politics of Housework". Independently Published, 1970.
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1888:
1847:"History of Sodomy Laws and the Strategy that Led Up to Today's Decision"
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81:
69:
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became a publicly discussed topic that was taken seriously by critics.
64:
1950:
One-Handed Histories: The Erato-Politics of Gay Male Video Pornography
1104:
1080:
1028:
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3934:
3919:
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820:"Movie Review β Blue Movie (1968) Screen: Andy Warhol's 'Blue Movie'"
399:
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1807:
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329:. Examples of this legislative change include NOW's lobbying of the
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3986:
3929:
3909:
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3626:
3366:
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476:, the most popular gay bar in New York City, located in the city's
402:, which banned any homosexual characters or acts in film until 1961
346:
335:
179:
38:
327:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
217:
The pill was easier to obtain for married women, especially after
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4134:
4063:
3946:
3882:
3837:
3827:
3641:
3603:
3339:
3187:
2442:
664:
601:"The Teenage Sexual Revolution and the Myth of an Abstinent Past"
201:, aimed to eliminate poverty and racial injustice. By 1960, the
187:
100:
89:
27:
2794:
Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution: An Unfettered History
2158:
Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution, an Unfettered History
1756:
Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution, an Unfettered History
1276:
Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution: An Unfettered History
551:
Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution: An Unfettered History
3998:
3483:
3304:
3225:
3215:
3103:
2753:
872:"Porno chic; 'Hard-core' grows fashionable and very profitable"
53:
of 1969, many still celebrate homosexuality during this time.
26:
were changing as sex became more widely discussed in society.
4207:
1719:"Producing Identity: From Boys in the Band to Gay Liberation"
768:"The History of Pornography: From the Paleolithic to Pornhub"
326:
3847:
3792:
3508:
2779:
2774:
1674:, New York University Press, 2018-04-03, pp. 221β226,
1135:"The Quiet Revolution in Woman's Labor Force Participation"
406:
However, by 1971, the first gay pornographic feature film,
3024:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
2862:
472:
In the early morning of June 28, 1969, police raided the
714:"The American Gay Rights Movement and Patriotic Protest"
375:
entire system then called 'sex roles' by sociologists."
114:
In the 1960s, bans on erotic novels were challenged. In
45:
sought to free women from social and moral confines.
2132:
Stonewall: The Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution
1516:"Women's Liberation: Seeing the Revolution Clearly"
379:
Gay Rights and the "Undocumented" Sexual Revolution
351:protested against the Miss America beauty pageant
4303:
18:During the 1960s, the United States underwent a
1725:. New York and London: Routledge. p. 238.
1671:46. The Woman- Identified Woman: Radicalesbians
950:Mr. Playboy: Hugh Hefner and the American Dream
274:'s cover story for the October 1971 edition of
3169:
1980:. University of California Press. p. 41.
1924:: The Greatest Moment of Gay Visiblility Ever"
3155:
2848:
2223:
128:, which was banned in the United States. The
1509:
1507:
467:
1305:"A brief history of the birth control pill"
573:Timeline of reproductive rights legislation
523:Birth control movement in the United States
389:Florida Legislative Investigation Committee
3162:
3148:
2855:
2841:
2230:
2216:
1918:Harrity, Christopher (September 2, 2016).
1785:
1783:
1298:
1296:
869:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
256:U.S.' Agency for International Development
223:(1965). The U.S. Supreme Court sided with
149:The Life and Adventures of Miss Fanny Hill
56:
1975:
1815:
1504:
1330:"Landmark Cases: Griswold v. Connecticut"
594:
592:
590:
588:
244:
153:considered obscene in the United States.
1789:
1716:
1456:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1172:
1170:
921:
898:"Playboy β global circulation 1960-2018"
598:
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1978:American Homo: Community and Perversity
1971:
1969:
1917:
1780:
1595:
1567:
1293:
1132:
846:"That Old Feeling: When Porno Was Chic"
843:
692:
331:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
295:
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1870:
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1752:
1602:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies
1513:
1459:"A Critique of the Sexual Revolution"
1418:
1302:
1272:
1167:
947:
922:Bradford, Vanessa (14 October 2015).
870:Blumenthal, Ralph (21 January 1973).
817:
319:National Organization for Women (NOW)
2191:"History or Myth? Writing Stonewall"
1966:
1568:Friedan, Betty (February 19, 1963).
1001:
711:
675:"Feminism and the Sexual Revolution"
140:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
1864:
1680:10.18574/nyu/9781479805419.003.0050
1586:
1081:"Structuring the Sexual Revolution"
1079:Martin, John Levi (February 1996).
972:
791:
718:Journal of the History of Sexuality
599:Cutright, Phillips (January 1972).
13:
2076:
2070:10.15767/feministstudies.42.3.0604
2054:10.15767/feministstudies.42.3.0604
2026:
1952:. New York: Harrington park Pres.
1572:. Penguin Books. pp. 91β105.
895:
844:Corliss, Richard (29 March 2005).
765:
290:The Doctors' Case Against the Pill
118:(1964), the Grove Press published
14:
4333:
1540:10.15767/feministstudies.41.1.138
1532:10.15767/feministstudies.41.1.138
1052:
4284:
2375:Pornography in the United States
1059:The First Amendment Encyclopedia
1008:The First Amendment Encyclopedia
1004:"Grove press v. Gerstein (1964)"
948:Watts, Steven (24 August 2009).
818:Canby, Vincent (July 22, 1969).
227:, the executive director of the
4240:LGBT-affirming religious groups
2708:New Andy Warhol Garrick Theatre
2182:
2148:
2123:
1994:
1941:
1911:
1839:
1746:
1710:
1701:
1662:
1643:badham, Van (2 February 2018).
1636:
1630:10.5250/fronjwomestud.34.2.0155
1614:10.5250/fronjwomestud.34.2.0155
1561:
1450:
1393:
1347:
1322:
1266:
1220:
1195:
1178:"Birth Control Before the Pill"
1126:
1072:
1046:
1021:
995:
966:
941:
915:
889:
558:New Andy Warhol Garrick Theatre
4317:Sexuality in the United States
3404:Sexually transmitted infection
1596:Hillman, Betty Luther (2013).
1483:10.5816/blackscholar.43.3.0029
1475:10.5816/blackscholar.43.3.0029
863:
837:
811:
785:
759:
638:
281:control over their fertility.
1:
3451:Women who have sex with women
2744:Feminist views of pornography
2437:Masters and Johnson Institute
2274:Die SexualitΓ€t im Kulturkampf
2001:Miller, Diane Helene (1998),
1279:. Routledge. pp. 30β33.
579:
568:Sex in the American Civil War
394:In addition, most states had
116:Grove Press, Inc. v. Gerstein
103:in 1960, and members were by
3584:History of erotic depictions
3474:Criminal transmission of HIV
1721:. In Smith, Patricia (ed.).
605:Family Planning Perspectives
369:"The Woman Identified Woman"
203:Food and Drug Administration
43:Women's liberation movements
7:
4322:Counterculture of the 1960s
3569:Counterculture of the 1960s
3041:Women's liberation movement
2864:Counterculture of the 1960s
2739:Counterculture of the 1960s
1976:Escoffier, Jeffrey (1998).
924:"Why America loved Playboy"
515:
449:Women's Liberation Movement
169:
10:
4338:
4291:Human sexuality portal
2189:Shepard, Benjamin (2004).
2161:. Routledge. p. 155.
1759:. Routledge. p. 154.
1717:Scroggie, William (1999).
1055:"Memoirs v. Massachusetts"
345:, a radical civil rights,
4279:
4160:
4049:
3768:
3720:
3597:
3554:
3459:
3436:Men who have sex with men
3412:
3285:
3181:
3086:
3063:
2989:Back-to-the-land movement
2969:
2914:San Francisco Renaissance
2906:
2875:
2802:The Notorious Bettie Page
2731:
2633:
2467:
2419:
2410:The personal is political
2394:
2283:
2245:
1817:2027/spo.0499697.0027.303
1457:Chrisman, Robert (2013).
1360:Journal of Social History
1233:Journal of Social History
468:The Stonewall Riots, 1969
355:Atlantic City, New Jersey
197:'s social reform policy,
2979:American Indian Movement
1948:Burger, John R. (1995).
1790:Braukman, Stacy (2001).
338:movements of the 1960s.
195:President Lyndon Johnson
135:Memoirs v. Massachusetts
2083:Keller, Yvonne (2005).
1871:Keller, Yvonne (2005).
1514:Evans, Sara M. (2015).
502:gay liberation movement
365:Lesbian feminist groups
220:Griswold v. Connecticut
95:the 1970s." The first
57:Changes in social norms
3712:Split attraction model
3702:Sexual objectification
3612:Anarchism and love/sex
2324:Divorce law by country
2134:. St. Martin's Press.
2130:Carter, David (2004).
1303:Nikolchev, Alexandra.
1133:Boustan, Leah (2009).
975:"A Bunny's Tale (PDF)"
343:New York Radical Women
321:in 1966. Similarly to
245:Criticisms of the Pill
3672:Sex-positive movement
3325:Reproductive medicine
3320:Obesity and sexuality
3267:Sexual response cycle
2999:Civil rights movement
2984:Anti-nuclear movement
2641:55th Street Playhouse
2155:Allyn, David (2001).
2036:Genter, Alix (2016).
1753:Allyn, David (2001).
1570:The Feminine Mystique
1401:"Eisenstadt v. Baird"
1354:Bailey, Beth (1997).
1273:Allyn, David (2006).
1227:Bailey, Beth (1997).
1203:"What 'The Pill' did"
730:10.1353/sex.2010.0011
646:"What 'The Pill' did"
535:55th Street Playhouse
414:55th Street Playhouse
349:, and antiwar group,
306:The Feminine Mystique
258:." Attendees at the
4198:Buddhist monasticism
4188:Christian demonology
4014:Urethral intercourse
3813:Erotic sexual denial
3504:Cybersex trafficking
3377:Erectile dysfunction
3036:Second-wave feminism
3014:Free Speech Movement
3009:Free school movement
2994:Black Power movement
2970:Social and political
2703:Mineshaft (gay club)
2651:Catacombs (sex club)
2357:Obergefell v. Hodges
2334:Freedom of the press
2101:10.1353/aq.2005.0028
1889:10.1353/aq.2005.0028
1372:10.1353/jsh/30.4.827
1245:10.1353/jsh/30.4.827
712:Hall, Simon (2010).
510:Gay Liberation Front
323:first-wave feminists
301:Second-wave feminism
296:The Women's Movement
284:In 1969, journalist
174:Beginning in 1960, "
4252:Sacred prostitution
4041:Wet T-shirt contest
3905:Non-penetrative sex
3863:Mammary intercourse
3544:Revenge pornography
3315:Masters and Johnson
3277:Vaginal lubrication
2883:Black Arts Movement
2570:Robert Mapplethorpe
1148:(1). Archived from
794:"Blue Movie (1968)"
563:Reproductive rights
545:Masters and Johnson
540:Helen Singer Kaplan
461:lesbian pulp novels
425:gay rights movement
412:, was shown at the
400:1934 Hays Film Code
238:Eisenstadt v. Baird
4098:Red-light district
3994:Sexual penetration
3982:Sexual intercourse
3900:Nipple stimulation
3579:Golden Age of Porn
3479:Child sexual abuse
3446:Sexual orientation
3372:Sexual dysfunction
3310:Male contraceptive
3272:Sexual stimulation
3221:Nocturnal emission
2760:Inside Deep Throat
2646:Caldron (sex club)
2403:Make love, not war
2345:Loving v. Virginia
2339:Golden Age of Porn
2258:Male contraceptive
2195:Lambda Book Report
2089:American Quarterly
1877:American Quarterly
1097:10.1007/BF00140760
1085:Theory and Society
876:The New York Times
824:The New York Times
442:homophile movement
429:Mattachine Society
264:Newark, New Jersey
229:Planned Parenthood
130:U.S. Supreme Court
78:Golden Age of Porn
20:sexual revolution.
4312:Sexual revolution
4299:
4298:
4208:Hindu monasticism
4193:Clerical celibacy
4059:Adult video games
3770:Sexual activities
3687:Sexual attraction
3677:Sexual abstinence
3589:Sexual revolution
3574:Feminist sex wars
3529:Sexual misconduct
3524:Sexual harassment
3489:Indecent exposure
3196:Clitoral erection
3137:
3136:
3071:Underground press
3048:Sexual revolution
2956:Bed-Ins for Peace
2893:Psychedelic music
2830:
2829:
2718:Sandstone retreat
2676:Dallas-Fort Worth
2545:Magnus Hirschfeld
2329:Freedom of speech
2311:Myra Breckinridge
2239:Sexual revolution
2007:Freedom to Differ
1723:The Queer Sixties
1689:978-1-4798-0541-9
1463:The Black Scholar
1002:Flemming, Roy B.
973:Steinem, Gloria.
959:978-0-470-52167-0
478:Greenwich Village
233:U.S. Constitution
199:The Great Society
4329:
4289:
4288:
4213:Jain monasticism
3977:Sexual fetishism
3895:Mechanics of sex
3778:Conventional sex
3682:Sexual addiction
3617:Extramarital sex
3399:Sexual surrogate
3235:male ejaculation
3164:
3157:
3150:
3141:
3140:
2934:Swinging Sixties
2929:Mods and rockers
2924:British Invasion
2857:
2850:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2555:Virginia Johnson
2485:Aleister Crowley
2480:Marilyn Chambers
2449:Protests of 1968
2297:Boys in the Sand
2232:
2225:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2042:Feminist Studies
2033:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2021:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1922:Boys in the Sand
1915:
1909:
1908:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1819:
1796:Feminist Studies
1787:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1520:Feminist Studies
1511:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1433:"Black Genocide"
1429:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1326:
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1300:
1291:
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1264:
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1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1199:
1193:
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1190:
1188:
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1162:
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1154:
1139:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1076:
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1069:
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1041:
1039:
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1016:
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999:
993:
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990:
988:
979:
970:
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939:
938:
936:
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913:
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910:
908:
893:
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886:
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867:
861:
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841:
835:
834:
832:
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815:
809:
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806:
804:
789:
783:
782:
780:
778:
763:
757:
756:
754:
752:
709:
690:
689:
687:
685:
679:Encyclopedia.com
671:
662:
661:
659:
657:
642:
636:
635:
633:
631:
596:
457:Second World War
433:Washington, D.C.
409:Boys in the Sand
225:Estelle Griswold
159:John Levi Martin
125:Tropic of Cancer
37:and second-wave
4337:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4283:
4275:
4203:Catholic Church
4163:
4156:
4045:
3764:
3716:
3622:Family planning
3601:
3593:
3550:
3539:Sexual violence
3514:Sex trafficking
3455:
3441:Sexual identity
3431:Gender identity
3408:
3394:Sexual medicine
3290:
3281:
3247:Penile erection
3201:Erogenous zones
3185:
3177:
3175:human sexuality
3168:
3138:
3133:
3082:
3059:
2971:
2965:
2939:Hippie movement
2907:Cultural events
2902:
2888:Psychedelic art
2871:
2861:
2831:
2826:
2727:
2723:South of Market
2713:Plato's Retreat
2629:
2620:Ruth Westheimer
2605:Margaret Sanger
2600:Marquis de Sade
2580:William Masters
2575:William Margold
2463:
2454:Stonewall riots
2415:
2390:
2279:
2241:
2236:
2206:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2128:
2124:
2081:
2077:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2017:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1916:
1912:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1808:10.2307/3178804
1788:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
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1668:
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1653:
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1637:
1594:
1587:
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1455:
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1409:
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1399:
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1338:
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1301:
1294:
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1257:
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1239:(4): 828, 845.
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1200:
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1022:
1012:
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1000:
996:
986:
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932:
930:
920:
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906:
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890:
880:
878:
868:
864:
854:
852:
842:
838:
828:
826:
816:
812:
802:
800:
798:WarholStars.org
792:Comenas, Gary.
790:
786:
776:
774:
764:
760:
750:
748:
710:
693:
683:
681:
673:
672:
665:
655:
653:
644:
643:
639:
629:
627:
617:10.2307/2133672
597:
586:
582:
577:
518:
470:
453:lavender menace
381:
298:
252:Robert Chrisman
247:
172:
105:Playboy Bunnies
59:
51:Stonewall riots
12:
11:
5:
4335:
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4319:
4314:
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4296:
4294:
4293:
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4276:
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4273:
4272:
4271:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4257:Ancient Greece
4249:
4244:
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4205:
4200:
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3991:
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3979:
3974:
3972:Sexual fantasy
3969:
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3939:
3938:
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3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
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3880:
3875:
3873:Anal fingering
3865:
3860:
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3840:
3835:
3833:Foot fetishism
3830:
3825:
3820:
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3805:
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3692:Sexual capital
3689:
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3657:Premarital sex
3654:
3649:
3644:
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3608:
3606:
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3560:
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3549:
3548:
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3536:
3534:Sexual slavery
3531:
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3519:Sexual assault
3516:
3511:
3506:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
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3469:Age of consent
3465:
3463:
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3453:
3448:
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3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
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3384:
3382:Hypersexuality
3379:
3369:
3364:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
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3294:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3262:Sexual arousal
3259:
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3239:
3238:
3237:
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3213:
3208:
3203:
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3178:
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3134:
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3131:
3126:
3124:UK underground
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3079:
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3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3021:
3019:Gay liberation
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
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2951:
2949:Summer of Love
2946:
2936:
2931:
2926:
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2860:
2859:
2852:
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2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2809:Peace movement
2806:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2764:
2756:
2751:
2749:Freudo-Marxism
2746:
2741:
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2726:
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2643:
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2627:
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2610:Annie Sprinkle
2607:
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2565:Linda Lovelace
2562:
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2510:Ralph Ginzburg
2507:
2502:
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2492:
2490:Gerard Damiano
2487:
2482:
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2469:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2459:Summer of Love
2456:
2451:
2446:
2439:
2434:
2432:Kinsey Reports
2429:
2423:
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2391:
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2300:
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2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2270:
2268:Gay liberation
2265:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2212:
2205:
2204:
2181:
2167:
2147:
2140:
2122:
2095:(2): 385β410.
2075:
2048:(3): 604β631.
2025:
1993:
1986:
1965:
1958:
1940:
1910:
1883:(2): 385β410.
1863:
1838:
1802:(3): 553β575.
1779:
1765:
1745:
1731:
1709:
1700:
1688:
1661:
1635:
1608:(2): 155β185.
1585:
1578:
1560:
1526:(1): 138β149.
1503:
1449:
1417:
1392:
1346:
1321:
1292:
1285:
1265:
1219:
1194:
1166:
1155:on May 3, 2021
1125:
1071:
1053:Stern, Simon.
1045:
1020:
994:
965:
958:
940:
914:
888:
862:
836:
810:
784:
758:
724:(3): 536β562.
691:
663:
637:
583:
581:
578:
576:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
547:
542:
537:
532:
525:
519:
517:
514:
482:cross-dressers
469:
466:
380:
377:
297:
294:
286:Barbara Seaman
262:Conference in
246:
243:
171:
168:
109:Gloria Steinem
68:, directed by
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55:
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6:
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3967:Sex positions
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3844:
3843:Forced orgasm
3841:
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3761:
3760:United States
3758:
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3697:Sexual ethics
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3599:Relationships
3596:
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3427:
3426:Gender binary
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3402:
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3387:Hyposexuality
3385:
3383:
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3375:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3368:
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3362:
3361:PLISSIT model
3358:
3355:
3353:
3352:Sex education
3350:
3348:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
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3327:
3326:
3323:
3321:
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3316:
3313:
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3306:
3303:
3301:
3300:Birth control
3298:
3297:
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3293:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
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3255:
3253:
3252:Pre-ejaculate
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3242:Pelvic thrust
3240:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
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3222:
3219:
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3112:
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3100:
3097:
3095:
3094:Discordianism
3092:
3091:
3089:
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3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
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3054:
3053:United States
3051:
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3000:
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2709:
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2697:
2696:San Francisco
2694:
2692:
2691:New York City
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:Gay bathhouse
2664:
2662:
2659:
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2649:
2647:
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2595:Wilhelm Reich
2593:
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2561:
2560:Alfred Kinsey
2558:
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2505:Sigmund Freud
2503:
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2430:
2428:
2427:AIDS epidemic
2425:
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2253:Birth control
2251:
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2039:
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2030:
2016:
2015:j.ctt9qfg14.5
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1989:
1987:9781788732314
1983:
1979:
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1970:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1944:
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896:Watson, Amy.
892:
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866:
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840:
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766:Duncan, Joe.
762:
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706:
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483:
479:
475:
474:Stonewall Inn
465:
462:
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430:
426:
421:
419:
418:New York City
415:
411:
410:
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320:
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312:
311:Betty Friedan
308:
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160:
154:
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150:
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142:decided that
141:
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136:
131:
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110:
106:
102:
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93:
91:
85:
83:
80:(1969β1984).
79:
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72:, premiered.
71:
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46:
44:
40:
36:
31:
29:
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16:
4162:Religion and
4152:Webcam model
4091:Survival sex
4081:Prostitution
4051:Sex industry
3962:Sex in space
3890:Masturbation
3730:Ancient Rome
3707:Sexual slang
3499:Sexual abuse
3206:Insemination
3052:
2823:(1994 novel)
2818:
2814:Slut-shaming
2800:
2792:
2784:
2766:
2758:
2671:LGBT culture
2550:David Hurles
2535:Nina Hartley
2530:Fred Halsted
2520:Bob Guccione
2515:Al Goldstein
2495:Betty Dodson
2441:
2355:
2343:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2291:Abortion law
2272:
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2194:
2184:
2172:. Retrieved
2157:
2150:
2131:
2125:
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2088:
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2045:
2041:
2018:, retrieved
2006:
1996:
1977:
1949:
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1927:
1921:
1913:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1854:. Retrieved
1850:
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1799:
1795:
1770:. Retrieved
1755:
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1722:
1712:
1703:
1693:, retrieved
1670:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1649:The Guardian
1648:
1638:
1605:
1601:
1569:
1563:
1551:. Retrieved
1523:
1519:
1494:. Retrieved
1469:(3): 29β31.
1466:
1462:
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:
1408:. Retrieved
1404:
1395:
1383:. Retrieved
1363:
1359:
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:
1324:
1312:. Retrieved
1308:
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1256:. Retrieved
1236:
1232:
1222:
1210:. Retrieved
1206:
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1181:
1157:. Retrieved
1150:the original
1145:
1141:
1128:
1116:. Retrieved
1088:
1084:
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1058:
1048:
1036:. Retrieved
1032:
1023:
1011:. Retrieved
1007:
997:
985:. Retrieved
981:
968:
949:
943:
931:. Retrieved
927:
917:
905:. Retrieved
901:
891:
879:. Retrieved
875:
865:
853:. Retrieved
849:
839:
827:. Retrieved
823:
813:
803:December 29,
801:. Retrieved
797:
787:
775:. Retrieved
771:
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749:. Retrieved
721:
717:
682:. Retrieved
678:
654:. Retrieved
649:
640:
628:. Retrieved
608:
604:
549:
527:
506:
494:
490:trans people
471:
446:
438:
422:
407:
403:
393:
386:
382:
373:
363:
359:
340:
316:
304:
299:
289:
283:
275:
272:Dick Gregory
268:
248:
236:
218:
216:
192:
185:
173:
164:
155:
147:
144:John Cleland
138:(1966), the
133:
123:
120:Henry Miller
115:
113:
97:Playboy Club
88:
86:
73:
63:
60:
47:
32:
28:Erotic media
24:Social norms
19:
17:
15:
4235:LGBT people
4181:Tantric sex
4113:Sex tourism
4069:Pornography
4034:Erotic talk
4024:Virtual sex
3925:Cunnilingus
3755:South Korea
3750:Philippines
3662:Promiscuity
3357:Sex therapy
3335:Gynaecology
3099:Freak scene
3087:Subcultures
2944:Human Be-In
2919:Beatlemania
2805:(2005 film)
2797:(2001 book)
2789:(2013 film)
2771:(2004 film)
2763:(2005 film)
2661:The Factory
2625:Oscar Wilde
2615:Andy Warhol
2590:Bettie Page
2540:Hugh Hefner
2500:Larry Flynt
2475:Pat Califia
2370:Pornography
2351:Miller Test
2318:Deep Throat
2246:Main topics
1738:January 16,
1385:January 27,
1258:January 27,
1159:January 27,
881:February 8,
650:CNN Opinion
554:, 2001 book
498:David Allyn
496:Stonewall.
486:drag queens
396:sodomy laws
260:Black Power
208:Connecticut
82:Pornography
70:Andy Warhol
4306:Categories
4147:Strip club
4130:Sex worker
4103:Sex museum
4074:Film actor
3942:Paraphilia
3868:Manual sex
3722:By country
3647:Orgasm gap
3564:Blue Movie
3183:Physiology
3076:newspapers
3004:Dialoguero
2898:Youthquake
2656:Club Baths
2525:Terri Hall
2364:Porno chic
2304:Blue Movie
2284:Milestones
2201:(1/2): 14.
2020:2024-02-26
1959:1560238526
1695:2024-03-07
1366:(4): 841.
1091:(1): 112.
580:References
529:Blue Movie
288:published
99:opened in
74:Blue Movie
65:Blue Movie
4269:Sex magic
4247:Mormonism
4164:sexuality
4019:Urolagnia
4009:Tribadism
3957:Sexercise
3935:Irrumatio
3920:Anilingus
3878:Fingering
3858:Group sex
3853:Gang bang
3823:Fetishism
3798:Child sex
3652:Polyamory
3632:Free love
3494:Obscenity
3418:diversity
3330:Andrology
3292:education
3257:Pregnancy
2972:movements
2961:Woodstock
2263:Free love
2174:March 19,
2109:0003-0678
2062:0046-3663
1897:0003-0678
1831:April 16,
1772:April 16,
1654:April 16,
1622:0160-9009
1553:March 19,
1548:147635852
1496:March 19,
1491:219321316
1410:April 16,
1339:April 16,
1314:April 16,
1212:April 16,
1187:April 27,
1118:March 19,
1113:143638301
1064:April 16,
1038:April 27,
1013:April 16,
987:April 16,
952:. Wiley.
933:April 16,
907:April 16,
777:April 27,
751:March 19,
746:142941448
684:April 16,
656:April 16,
611:(4): 31.
122:'s novel
4176:Hinduism
4172:Buddhism
4108:Sex shop
4029:Cybersex
4004:Swinging
3987:Foreplay
3930:Fellatio
3910:Oral sex
3803:Creampie
3788:Bareback
3783:Anal sex
3637:Marriage
3627:Flirting
3414:Identity
3367:Sexology
3347:Safe sex
3211:Intersex
3119:Rude boy
3029:protests
2868:timeline
2820:Whatever
2786:Lovelace
2385:The Pill
2380:Swinging
2117:40068271
1928:Advocate
1905:40068271
928:BBC News
902:Statista
829:April 4,
738:40986338
516:See also
347:New Left
336:New Left
212:New York
180:Abortion
176:The Pill
170:The Pill
39:feminism
35:the pill
4264:Thelema
4230:Judaism
4135:Sex toy
4064:Erotica
3952:Quickie
3947:Pompoir
3883:Handjob
3838:Footjob
3828:Fisting
3667:Romance
3642:Modesty
3604:society
3556:History
3340:Urology
3188:biology
3171:Outline
3129:Yippies
2732:Related
2681:Houston
2443:Playboy
2395:Slogans
1826:3178804
1380:3789785
1253:3789785
625:2133672
188:condoms
101:Chicago
90:Playboy
4220:Daoism
4123:Female
4086:Sacred
3999:Sumata
3818:Facial
3808:Edging
3484:Incest
3305:Condom
3287:Health
3231:Female
3226:Orgasm
3216:Libido
3114:Rocker
3104:Hippie
2768:Kinsey
2754:Hippie
2634:Places
2468:People
2420:Events
2387:(1965)
2165:
2138:
2115:
2107:
2068:
2060:
2013:
1984:
1956:
1933:May 4,
1903:
1895:
1856:May 4,
1824:
1763:
1729:
1686:
1628:
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1442:May 4,
1378:
1334:C-Span
1283:
1251:
1111:
1105:658058
1103:
956:
855:May 4,
772:Medium
744:
736:
630:May 4,
623:
4225:Islam
4118:Child
3745:Japan
3740:India
3735:China
3064:Media
2686:Miami
2113:JSTOR
2066:JSTOR
2011:JSTOR
1901:JSTOR
1822:JSTOR
1626:JSTOR
1544:S2CID
1536:JSTOR
1487:S2CID
1479:JSTOR
1376:JSTOR
1249:JSTOR
1153:(PDF)
1138:(PDF)
1109:S2CID
1101:JSTOR
978:(PDF)
742:S2CID
734:JSTOR
652:. CNN
621:JSTOR
277:Ebony
4174:and
4140:Doll
3848:Frot
3793:BDSM
3602:and
3509:Rape
3416:and
3233:and
3186:and
2876:Arts
2780:Lust
2775:LGBT
2176:2021
2163:ISBN
2136:ISBN
2105:ISSN
2058:ISSN
1982:ISBN
1954:ISBN
1935:2021
1893:ISSN
1858:2021
1851:ACLU
1833:2021
1774:2021
1761:ISBN
1740:2016
1727:ISBN
1684:ISBN
1656:2021
1618:ISSN
1574:ISBN
1555:2021
1498:2021
1444:2021
1412:2021
1405:Oyez
1387:2016
1341:2021
1316:2021
1281:ISBN
1260:2016
1214:2021
1189:2021
1161:2021
1142:ECON
1120:2021
1066:2021
1040:2021
1033:Oyez
1015:2021
989:2021
982:Show
954:ISBN
935:2021
909:2021
883:2016
857:2021
850:Time
831:2021
805:2015
779:2021
753:2021
686:2021
658:2021
632:2021
488:and
423:The
210:and
3461:Law
3289:and
3173:of
3109:Mod
2097:doi
2050:doi
1885:doi
1812:hdl
1804:doi
1676:doi
1610:doi
1528:doi
1471:doi
1437:PBS
1368:doi
1309:PBS
1241:doi
1207:CNN
1182:PBS
1146:183
1093:doi
726:doi
613:doi
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