Knowledge

Sevn Thomas

Source 📝

285:
while working with Sony. During high school, Thomas continued making beats often at Sunny Diamonds' studio in Toronto. It was there that he reconnected with Boi-1da, who would become his mentor and frequent collaborator. In 2012, Thomas faced off against
345:
chart. In April 2016, he released the single "Can't Sleep Alone" featuring Australian singer, NYNE. He continued producing records in 2017 including Travis Scott's "Green & Purple",
1131: 1043: 1405: 1785: 1162: 1780: 680: 1800: 1493: 182:(born July 7, 1991) is a Canadian record producer, songwriter and singer. He has produced and written numerous hit songs including 1691: 1587: 334:
credited him as one of seven producers "who brought dancehall back to the charts in 2016". That year, he also co-produced
1790: 1770: 1096: 1193: 1775: 1612: 1717: 1795: 1237: 281:
around that time but eventually put his music career on hold after the label folded. He first met producer
1564: 1377: 1293: 912: 328:, including Drake's "10 Bands" (number 58) and "Pop Style" (number 16), and Rihanna's "Work" (number 1). 207: 1665: 290:(another Boi-1da protege) at the Battle of the Beat Makers. The judges were unable to choose a winner. 321:
In 2015 and 2016, Thomas co-produced (with Boi-1da and others) a series of songs that appeared on the
258:
artist, Rappa Robert, is Thomas' uncle who would take him to studio sessions in Jamaica, including at
966: 364: 1462: 1639: 315: 251: 1519: 1765: 1057: 635: 254:(Lover's Choice and Love Choice International) and would often hold parties in their basement. 219: 1260: 1132:"From Travis Scott to Lil Wayne, Producer Sevn Thomas Breaks Down His Biggest Records of 2018" 1066: 898: 1434: 1351: 1760: 1541: 330: 239: 266:
and in 2002, at ten years old, he released a single called "Too Young for Love" featuring
8: 720: 187: 90: 1322: 270:
under the stage name, Suga Prince. The music video for that song featured a 12-year-old
988: 929: 384: 358: 1026: 689: 322: 199: 674: 568: 191: 892: 841: 789: 356:
In 2018, he produced tracks on numerous notable albums including Travis Scott's
306:'s "No Time", and Ben Stevenson's "Opposites Attract". In 2014, Thomas produced 1323:"Listen to Skeme's New Single "Different," Off His Upcoming Album "Ingleworld"" 298:
In 2013, Thomas began accruing production and songwriting credits including on
1754: 816: 783: 766: 562: 335: 299: 80: 1011: 863: 812: 798: 733: 374: 342: 271: 203: 1406:"People don't understand the lyrics of Rihanna's new single, called Work" 982: 960: 651: 379: 263: 222:", and numerous others. He also released a 2014 instrumental EP entitled 211: 922: 759: 700: 628: 85: 1520:"Producer Sevn Thomas Breaks Down Working on 'ASTROWORLD' and 'Queen'" 1238:"Beat Break: Sevn Thomas Shares the Story Behind His 5 Biggest Songs" 1097:"Meet the Producers Who Brought Dancehall Back to the Charts in 2016" 1004: 748: 624: 369: 307: 287: 255: 195: 136: 95: 1745: 485:
List of non-single guest appearances, with other performing artists
857: 706: 510: 350: 278: 267: 1494:"Sevn Thomas And NYNE Contemplate Solitude On "Can't Sleep Alone"" 835: 429: 346: 282: 247: 243: 183: 66: 1163:"Meet Sevn Thomas, The Toronto producer on Astroworld and Queen" 1036: 215: 100: 1718:"Here are the full album credits for Lil Wayne's Tha Carter V" 755: 585: 303: 314:, in April of that year. The EP featured co-production from 226:. As a youth, he performed as a singer under the stage name 259: 1692:"Who's Who on Beyoncé and JAY-Z's 'Everything Is Love'" 530:
Selected songs with production and songwriting credits
1666:"Here Are the Credits for Nicki Minaj's 'Queen' Album" 1378:"Listen to Sevn Thomas' "Hidden Hand" Instrumental EP" 262:'s studio. In grade 5, Thomas began making beats on a 448:
List of singles showing year released and album name
362:("Wake Up" and "Houstonfornication"), Nicki Minaj's 1463:"PartyNextDoor – Chart History – Hot R&B Songs" 310:'s "Low" before releasing his own instrumental EP, 1752: 1371: 1369: 1565:"Mac Miller "GO:OD AM" | 1 Listen Album Review" 1160: 338:'s "Don't Run", which reached number 22 on the 16:Canadian record producer, songwriter and singer 1613:"Khalid liberates debut album 'American Teen'" 1588:"Stream GoldLink's New Project 'At What Cost'" 1345: 1343: 1316: 1314: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1366: 1287: 1285: 1283: 1281: 524: 518:And After That, We Didn't Talk - The Remixes 238:Rupert Thomas Jr. was born and raised in the 1657: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1194:"Toronto: Beat-making capital of the world?" 1683: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1340: 1311: 1156: 1154: 1152: 1605: 1480: 1278: 1261:"What You Need to Know About Ayesha Curry" 1231: 1090: 1088: 1086: 1627: 1518:Chesman, Donna-Claire (August 16, 2018). 1229: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1161:Dandridge-Lemco, Ben (October 28, 2016). 1125: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1117: 1664:Cowen, Trace William (August 10, 2018). 1640:"Travis Scott – Chart History – Hot 100" 1562: 1457: 1455: 1420: 1149: 402:List of EPs with selected album details 1715: 1579: 1517: 1511: 1349: 1294:"15 New Producers to Watch for in 2014" 1291: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1129: 1083: 1753: 1709: 1689: 1556: 1491: 1400: 1398: 1320: 1208: 1114: 1094: 1716:Renshaw, David (September 28, 2018). 1663: 1585: 1452: 1258: 1252: 1235: 1191: 550: 547: 544: 541: 538: 534: 1563:Phillips, Yoh (September 14, 2015). 1350:Spadine, Richard (August 13, 2013). 1180: 681:If You're Reading This It's Too Late 246:, Ontario. His parents were born in 1786:Canadian people of Jamaican descent 1690:Barner, Katherine (June 16, 2018). 1395: 1352:"Ben Stevenson – Opposites Attract" 1095:Serwer, Jesse (December 13, 2016). 13: 1586:Berry, Peter A. (March 24, 2017). 1534: 1292:Jenkins, Craig (August 26, 2014). 14: 1812: 1781:Canadian hip hop record producers 1739: 1435:"Drake – Chart History – Hot 100" 1375: 1321:Kramer, Kyle (December 4, 2013). 1192:Bliss, Karen (January 21, 2016). 1130:Elibert, Mark (October 5, 2018). 1801:People from Scarborough, Ontario 1492:Mistry, Anupa (April 28, 2016). 821: 607: 517: 472: 1259:Ender, Elena (July 21, 2017). 391: 1: 1615:. Hamada Mania. March 4, 2017 1376:X, Dharmic (April 18, 2014). 1236:James, Andy (July 26, 2017). 1076: 233: 7: 10: 1817: 879:GoldLink (feat. Lil Dude) 525:Songwriting and production 479: 442: 250:. They both had their own 1791:Canadian male songwriters 1746:Sevn Thomas on SoundCloud 1055: 1048: 1031: 1024: 1000: 978: 956: 942: 927: 917: 910: 888: 875: 861: 853: 831: 808: 805: 779: 746: 725: 718: 696: 670: 667: 647: 620: 617: 601: 581: 558: 555: 503: 498: 495: 492: 489: 463: 458: 455: 452: 434:Formats: Digital download 422:Released: April 18, 2014 414: 409: 406: 293: 158: 148: 129: 109: 73: 50: 40: 30: 23: 1771:Black Canadian musicians 302:'s "Love Me Til I Die", 1542:"Sevn Thomas – Credits" 1408:. BBC. January 27, 2016 1049:Co-producer, co-writer 972:Co-producer, co-writer 949:Co-producer, co-writer 935:Co-producer, co-writer 904:Co-producer, co-writer 882:Co-producer, co-writer 869:Co-producer, co-writer 847:Co-producer, co-writer 795:Co-producer, co-writer 686:Co-producer, co-writer 1776:Canadian child singers 1058:Heartbreak Anniversary 729:Rihanna (feat. Drake) 636:The Infamous Mobb Deep 396: 220:Heartbreak Anniversary 1007:(feat. Travis Scott) 943:"Houstonfornication" 806:"Green & Purple" 214:'s "Run & Hide", 1796:Singers from Toronto 1044:Dark Lane Demo Tapea 921:Travis Scott (feat. 876:"We Will Never Die" 602:"Opposites Attract" 556:"Love Me Til I Die" 464:"Can't Sleep Alone" 378:("Let It Fly"), and 368:("Run & Hide"), 353:'s "Pray Everyday". 318:and Prezident Jeff. 531: 486: 449: 430:Boi-1da Productions 403: 349:'s "Get Like", and 989:Everything Is Love 542:Primary artist(s) 529: 484: 447: 401: 385:Everything Is Love 1074: 1073: 1035:Drake (featuring 1027:Chicago Freestyle 957:"Run & Hide" 822:Non-album single 648:"Love for the 6" 608:Non-album single 522: 521: 507: 504:"After You Left" 477: 476: 473:Non-album single 467: 440: 439: 425: 343:Hot R&B Songs 277:Thomas signed to 200:Chicago Freestyle 166: 165: 69:, Ontario, Canada 36:Rupert Thomas Jr. 1808: 1733: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1713: 1707: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1687: 1681: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1636: 1625: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1609: 1603: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1583: 1577: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1560: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1538: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1515: 1509: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1489: 1478: 1477: 1475: 1473: 1459: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1431: 1418: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1402: 1393: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1373: 1364: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1347: 1338: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1318: 1309: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1289: 1276: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1233: 1206: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1196:. SOCAN Magazine 1189: 1178: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1158: 1147: 1146: 1144: 1142: 1127: 1112: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1092: 854:"Pray Everyday" 569:Talk a Good Game 532: 528: 505: 487: 483: 465: 450: 446: 423: 404: 400: 151: 64: 60: 58: 43: 33: 21: 20: 1816: 1815: 1811: 1810: 1809: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1751: 1750: 1742: 1737: 1736: 1726: 1724: 1714: 1710: 1700: 1698: 1688: 1684: 1674: 1672: 1662: 1658: 1648: 1646: 1638: 1637: 1628: 1618: 1616: 1611: 1610: 1606: 1596: 1594: 1584: 1580: 1570: 1568: 1561: 1557: 1547: 1545: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1525: 1523: 1516: 1512: 1502: 1500: 1490: 1481: 1471: 1469: 1461: 1460: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1433: 1432: 1421: 1411: 1409: 1404: 1403: 1396: 1386: 1384: 1374: 1367: 1357: 1355: 1348: 1341: 1331: 1329: 1319: 1312: 1302: 1300: 1290: 1279: 1269: 1267: 1265:Entity Magazine 1257: 1253: 1243: 1241: 1234: 1209: 1199: 1197: 1190: 1181: 1171: 1169: 1159: 1150: 1140: 1138: 1128: 1115: 1105: 1103: 1093: 1084: 1079: 842:SweetSexySavage 790:PartyNextDoor 3 536: 527: 482: 445: 399: 394: 296: 236: 169: 149: 144: 125: 116:Record producer 105: 65: 62: 56: 54: 41: 31: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1814: 1804: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1749: 1748: 1741: 1740:External links 1738: 1735: 1734: 1708: 1682: 1656: 1626: 1604: 1578: 1555: 1533: 1510: 1479: 1451: 1419: 1394: 1365: 1339: 1310: 1277: 1251: 1207: 1179: 1148: 1113: 1081: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1069: 1064: 1061: 1053: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1040: 1033: 1030: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1008: 1002: 998: 997: 995: 992: 985: 980: 976: 975: 973: 970: 963: 958: 954: 953: 950: 947: 944: 940: 939: 936: 933: 926: 919: 916: 908: 907: 905: 902: 895: 890: 886: 885: 883: 880: 877: 873: 872: 870: 867: 860: 855: 851: 850: 848: 845: 838: 833: 829: 828: 826: 823: 820: 810: 807: 803: 802: 796: 793: 786: 781: 777: 776: 773: 770: 763: 752: 744: 743: 740: 737: 730: 727: 724: 716: 715: 713: 710: 703: 698: 694: 693: 687: 684: 677: 672: 669: 665: 664: 662: 659: 654: 649: 645: 644: 642: 639: 632: 622: 619: 615: 614: 612: 609: 606: 605:Ben Stevenson 603: 599: 598: 596: 593: 588: 583: 579: 578: 575: 572: 565: 560: 557: 553: 552: 549: 546: 543: 540: 537: 526: 523: 520: 519: 516: 513: 508: 501: 500: 497: 494: 491: 481: 478: 475: 474: 471: 468: 461: 460: 457: 454: 444: 441: 438: 437: 436: 435: 432: 426: 418: 412: 411: 408: 398: 395: 393: 390: 295: 292: 235: 232: 168:Musical artist 167: 164: 163: 160: 156: 155: 152: 146: 145: 143: 142: 139: 133: 131: 127: 126: 124: 123: 120: 117: 113: 111: 107: 106: 104: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 77: 75: 71: 70: 52: 48: 47: 44: 38: 37: 34: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1813: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1766:Living people 1764: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1756: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1723: 1719: 1712: 1697: 1693: 1686: 1671: 1667: 1660: 1645: 1641: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1614: 1608: 1593: 1589: 1582: 1566: 1559: 1543: 1537: 1521: 1514: 1499: 1495: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1468: 1464: 1458: 1456: 1440: 1436: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1407: 1401: 1399: 1383: 1379: 1372: 1370: 1353: 1346: 1344: 1328: 1324: 1317: 1315: 1299: 1295: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1266: 1262: 1255: 1239: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1195: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1168: 1164: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1137: 1133: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1102: 1098: 1091: 1089: 1087: 1082: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1054: 1051: 1046: 1045: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1028: 1023: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1013: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1001:"Let It Fly" 999: 996: 993: 991: 990: 986: 984: 981: 977: 974: 971: 969: 968: 964: 962: 959: 955: 951: 948: 946:Travis Scott 945: 941: 937: 934: 932: 931: 924: 920: 914: 909: 906: 903: 901: 900: 899:American Teen 896: 894: 891: 887: 884: 881: 878: 874: 871: 868: 866: 865: 859: 856: 852: 849: 846: 844: 843: 839: 837: 834: 830: 827: 824: 818: 817:Playboi Carti 814: 811: 804: 800: 797: 794: 792: 791: 787: 785: 784:PartyNextDoor 782: 778: 774: 771: 769: 768: 764: 761: 757: 754:Drake (feat. 753: 750: 745: 741: 738: 736: 735: 731: 728: 722: 717: 714: 711: 709: 708: 704: 702: 699: 697:"In The Bag" 695: 691: 688: 685: 683: 682: 678: 676: 673: 666: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 646: 643: 640: 638: 637: 633: 630: 626: 623: 616: 613: 610: 604: 600: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 580: 576: 573: 571: 570: 566: 564: 563:Kelly Rowland 561: 554: 533: 514: 512: 509: 502: 488: 469: 462: 451: 433: 431: 427: 421: 420: 419: 417: 413: 405: 389: 388:("Friends"). 387: 386: 381: 377: 376: 371: 367: 366: 361: 360: 354: 352: 348: 344: 341: 337: 336:PartyNextDoor 333: 332: 327: 325: 319: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 300:Kelly Rowland 291: 289: 284: 280: 275: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 252:sound systems 249: 245: 241: 231: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 161: 157: 153: 147: 140: 138: 135: 134: 132: 128: 121: 118: 115: 114: 112: 108: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 78: 76: 72: 68: 63:(age 33) 53: 49: 45: 42:Also known as 39: 35: 29: 22: 19: 1727:December 30, 1725:. Retrieved 1721: 1711: 1701:December 30, 1699:. Retrieved 1695: 1685: 1675:December 30, 1673:. Retrieved 1669: 1659: 1649:December 30, 1647:. Retrieved 1643: 1619:December 30, 1617:. Retrieved 1607: 1597:December 30, 1595:. Retrieved 1591: 1581: 1571:December 30, 1569:. Retrieved 1558: 1548:December 30, 1546:. Retrieved 1536: 1526:December 30, 1524:. Retrieved 1513: 1503:December 30, 1501:. Retrieved 1497: 1472:December 30, 1470:. Retrieved 1466: 1444:December 30, 1442:. Retrieved 1438: 1412:December 30, 1410:. Retrieved 1387:December 29, 1385:. Retrieved 1381: 1358:December 29, 1356:. Retrieved 1332:December 29, 1330:. Retrieved 1326: 1303:December 29, 1301:. Retrieved 1297: 1270:December 29, 1268:. Retrieved 1264: 1254: 1244:December 29, 1242:. Retrieved 1200:December 29, 1198:. Retrieved 1172:December 29, 1170:. Retrieved 1166: 1141:December 29, 1139:. Retrieved 1135: 1106:December 29, 1104:. Retrieved 1100: 1042: 1012:Tha Carter V 1010: 994:Co-producer 987: 965: 928: 897: 864:At What Cost 862: 840: 825:Co-producer 813:Travis Scott 788: 780:"Don't Run" 772:Co-producer 765: 739:Co-producer 732: 705: 679: 657:Gundam Pt. 1 656: 641:Co-producer 634: 611:Co-producer 595:Co-producer 590: 577:Bonus track 567: 506:(feat. Nyne) 466:(feat. Nyne) 415: 383: 375:Tha Carter V 373: 363: 357: 355: 339: 329: 323: 320: 316:Jordan Evans 311: 297: 276: 272:Ayesha Curry 242:district of 237: 227: 223: 204:Travis Scott 179: 175: 171: 170: 154:2002–present 150:Years active 61:July 7, 1991 18: 1761:1991 births 983:The Carters 961:Nicki Minaj 832:"Get Like" 668:"10 Bands" 652:Tre Capital 416:Hidden Hand 392:Discography 380:The Carters 312:Hidden Hand 264:Korg Triton 240:Scarborough 228:Suga Prince 224:Hidden Hand 212:Nicki Minaj 162:Not So Fast 130:Instruments 110:Occupations 46:Suga Prince 25:Sevn Thomas 1755:Categories 1567:. DJ Booth 1544:. AllMusic 1522:. DJ Booth 1354:. DJ Booth 1240:. DJ Booth 1077:References 1020:US No. 10 979:"Friends" 952:US No. 53 938:US No. 30 930:Astroworld 923:The Weeknd 889:"Keep Me" 799:US R&B 775:US No. 16 760:Kanye West 701:Mac Miller 629:Mack Wilds 591:Ingleworld 582:"No Time" 574:Co-writer 359:Astroworld 234:Early life 180:Thomas Jr. 119:songwriter 57:1991-07-07 32:Birth name 1722:The FADER 1644:Billboard 1498:The FADER 1467:Billboard 1439:Billboard 1167:The FADER 1136:Billboard 1101:Billboard 1067:Take Time 1017:Producer 1005:Lil Wayne 749:Pop Style 742:US No. 1 712:Producer 661:Producer 625:Mobb Deep 535:Song name 370:Lil Wayne 340:Billboard 331:Billboard 324:Billboard 308:Mobb Deep 288:WondaGurl 256:Dancehall 196:Pop Style 137:FL Studio 96:dancehall 858:GoldLink 707:GO:OD AM 511:GoldLink 410:Details 351:GoldLink 279:Sony BMG 268:Master T 1696:Complex 1670:Complex 1382:Complex 1327:Complex 1298:Complex 1063:Giveon 913:Wake Up 836:Kehlani 815:(feat. 801:No. 22 692:No. 58 627:(feat. 493:Artist 480:Remixes 443:Singles 428:Label: 347:Kehlani 326:Hot 100 283:Boi-1da 248:Jamaica 244:Toronto 208:Wake Up 198:" and " 184:Rihanna 91:R&B 81:Hip hop 67:Toronto 1037:Giveon 893:Khalid 618:"Low" 551:Notes 545:Album 499:Album 490:Title 459:Album 453:Title 407:Title 294:Career 216:Giveon 172:Rupert 159:Labels 141:Vocals 122:singer 101:reggae 74:Genres 1032:2020 967:Queen 918:2018 809:2017 767:Views 756:Jay-Z 726:2016 675:Drake 671:2015 621:2014 586:Skeme 559:2013 548:Role 539:Year 515:2016 496:Year 470:2016 456:Year 365:Queen 304:Skeme 192:Drake 1729:2018 1703:2018 1677:2018 1651:2018 1621:2018 1599:2018 1573:2018 1550:2018 1528:2018 1505:2018 1474:2018 1446:2018 1414:2018 1389:2018 1360:2018 1334:2018 1305:2018 1272:2018 1246:2018 1202:2018 1174:2018 1143:2018 1108:2018 758:and 734:Anti 721:Work 424:(US) 260:UB40 218:'s " 206:'s " 194:'s " 188:Work 186:'s " 176:Sevn 86:trap 51:Born 1592:XXL 397:EPs 372:'s 210:", 202:," 190:", 1757:: 1720:. 1694:. 1668:. 1642:. 1629:^ 1590:. 1496:. 1482:^ 1465:. 1454:^ 1437:. 1422:^ 1397:^ 1380:. 1368:^ 1342:^ 1325:. 1313:^ 1296:. 1280:^ 1263:. 1210:^ 1182:^ 1165:. 1151:^ 1134:. 1116:^ 1099:. 1085:^ 1060:" 1039:) 1029:" 925:) 915:" 819:) 762:) 751:" 723:" 690:US 631:) 382:' 274:. 230:. 178:" 59:) 1731:. 1705:. 1679:. 1653:. 1623:. 1601:. 1575:. 1552:. 1530:. 1507:. 1476:. 1448:. 1416:. 1391:. 1362:. 1336:. 1307:. 1274:. 1248:. 1204:. 1176:. 1145:. 1110:. 1056:" 1025:" 911:" 747:" 719:" 174:" 55:(

Index

Toronto
Hip hop
trap
R&B
dancehall
reggae
FL Studio
Rihanna
Work
Drake
Pop Style
Chicago Freestyle
Travis Scott
Wake Up
Nicki Minaj
Giveon
Heartbreak Anniversary
Scarborough
Toronto
Jamaica
sound systems
Dancehall
UB40
Korg Triton
Master T
Ayesha Curry
Sony BMG
Boi-1da
WondaGurl
Kelly Rowland

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.