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93:. MUAC measurement, if conducted by well-trained staff, can give a quick assessment of new arrivals at a camp. It is based on the observation that this measurement does not change much in children between six months and five years old, so comparison to a "normal" measurement is useful. Based on analysis of field results, MUAC < 125mm corresponds to GAM and MUAC < 110mm with or without oedema corresponds to SAM.
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for the same measurement in the reference population. SAM is defined as a weight to height ratio less than -3 standard deviations on the Z-score for the reference population. In practice, since the distribution of weight to height ratios is much the same in all populations, the two definitions are
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To evaluate levels of GAM, workers in an emergency measure the weight and height of children between 6 and 59 months. They then use the results as a proxy for the health of the population as a whole. The weight to height index is compared to the same index for a reference population that has no
105:(IPC), a famine is declared if three conditions exist. First, at least 20% of households face extreme food shortages with limited ability to cope. Second, GAM prevalence exceeds 30%. Third, crude death rates exceed two persons per 10,000 per day. In 2011, the conditions in some parts of the
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has set a target that less than 10% of children under five should suffer from Global Acute
Malnutrition in complex humanitarian emergencies. In 2005, this objective was not met in 7% of targeted sites. GAM rates exceeded 10% in eleven camps in
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37:) is a measurement of the nutritional status of a population that is often used in protracted refugee situations. Along with the Crude Mortality Rate, it is one of the basic indicators for assessing the severity of a humanitarian crisis.
154:(16%). The report questioned why GAM rates were so high despite all efforts to bring them down, and why camps in Africa had rates consistently over 15% while camps in Asia were usually below 12% GAM.
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If 10% or more of children are classified as suffering from GAM, there is generally considered to be a serious emergency, and with over 15% the emergency is considered critical. According to the
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shortage of nutrition. All children with weight less than 80% of the median weight of children with the same height in the reference population, and/or suffering from
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An alternative definition is that a child suffers from GAM if their weight to height ratio is less than the value at -2 standard deviations on the
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published in
January 2006 found unacceptable GAM levels in UNHCR/WFP supported protracted refugee situations including Chad (up to 18%),
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describes
Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) as GAM in the 79% - 70% range, and Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) as GAM below 70%.
408:"Complex Emergency Database (CE-DAT) - the international repository of health indicators, including GAM, from crisis settings"
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equivalent. Weight for height is chosen rather than weight for age since the latter may indicate long-term
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The World Health
Organization also defines other measures of malnutrition including
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Countries showing percentage of population suffering from undernourishment, 2006
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323:"Acute Malnutrition in Protracted Refugee Situations: A Global Strategy"
383:"Global Acute Malnutrition Prevalence (Z-score NCHS reference) – DRC"
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358:"WEST AFRICA - Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) Prevalence"
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27:Measurement of a population's nutritional status
297:"FY 2005 Performance and Accountability Report"
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103:Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
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321:Mary Corbett, Allison Oman (January 2006).
179:"Glossary: Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM)"
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299:. U.S. State Department. November 2005.
272:"Ten FAQ for famine in southern Somalia"
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247:Travel medicine and migrant health
211:"Acute Malnutrition Summary Sheet"
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142:(18.9%), Ethiopia (up to 19.6%),
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414:from the original on 2020-08-15
395:from the original on 2012-09-26
370:from the original on 2012-09-26
335:from the original on 2012-10-19
303:from the original on 2019-09-28
223:from the original on 2011-09-27
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1:
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58:, are classified as GAM. The
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250:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
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83:mid-upper arm circumference
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363:. ReliefWeb. 28 May 2009.
183:Complex Emergency Database
388:. ReliefWeb. April 2011.
60:World Health Organization
31:Global Acute Malnutrition
18:Severe acute malnutrition
410:. CRED. September 2012.
274:. UNICEF. Archived from
132:Central African Republic
109:met all three criteria.
244:Cameron Lockie (2000).
130:, and one camp in the
113:Objectives and results
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216:. Save the Children.
119:U.S. State Department
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134:. A study by the
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126:, seven camps in
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280:. Retrieved
276:the original
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225:. Retrieved
191:. Retrieved
187:the original
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148:Sierra Leone
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76:malnutrition
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152:South Sudan
91:kwashiorkor
430:Categories
418:2012-09-14
399:2011-08-08
374:2011-08-08
339:2011-08-08
307:2011-08-08
282:2011-08-08
227:2011-08-08
193:2011-08-08
158:References
150:(16%) and
41:Definition
412:Archived
390:Archived
365:Archived
330:Archived
301:Archived
218:Archived
128:Ethiopia
87:marasmus
85:(MUAC),
72:stunting
140:Eritrea
67:Z-score
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56:oedema
393:(PDF)
386:(PDF)
368:(PDF)
361:(PDF)
333:(PDF)
326:(PDF)
221:(PDF)
214:(PDF)
144:Kenya
136:UNHCR
252:ISBN
124:Chad
117:The
89:and
35:GAM
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