Brittany - Knowledge

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roads and both signposted and maintained by communes individually, but many are based on dedicated cycle paths often formed by converting disused railway tracks. These help form routes such as 'Vélodyssée' from Roscoff to Nantes and several major routes under the 'V' label (following signs V1, V2 etc.). The old tow-path of the Nantes-Brest canal is now open to cyclists along its entire 385 km length though in places (unlike rail-based cycle paths) it is very meandering and leaving the path will both shorten the distance and provide variety.

7369: 3281: 3935: 2275: 7418: 528: 3176: 7204: 2946: 4766: 5543: 3092: 2774:, which were the biggest ones, could really pretend to the capital status. The dukes were crowned in Rennes and they had a large castle there; it was however destroyed during the 15th century. Vannes, on its side, was the seat of the Chamber of Accounts and of the Parliament until the union with France. The Parliament was then transferred to Rennes, and the Chamber of Accounts to Nantes. Nantes, nicknamed "the city of the Dukes of Brittany", was also the permanent residence of the last dukes. The 1361: 7470: 1084: 7488: 1743: 7389: 7515: 6590: 5089: 1481: 4530: 2672: 3505: 7148:

usually far less) and unlike the canal paths they do link small villages where cyclists can find somewhere to refresh themselves. The increase in cycling holiday-makers has given new life to the network of small campsites and hotels/chambre d'hotes especially inland where the economy struggled in the past. As a general rule cyclists are very well respected in the region and many larger towns have cycle-lanes – however traffic is 'cycle-friendly' even in their absence.

2244: 7403: 7448: 2817: 135: 10150: 2310: 2145: 7339: 4423: 3886: 1731: 4240:. Without the Loire-Atlantique's figures, the Breton population only numbered 2.4 million in 1962, nearly unchanged from its population of 2.3 million in 1851. After the 1960s, the whole region has had a strong demographic growth because of the decline of the traditional emigration to richer French regions. Instead, Brittany has become attractive, particularly for families, young retired persons and active people over 35 years old. 7354: 3439: 1641: 6318: 6929: 5286: 4286: 1987: 7157: 7537: 6985: 4273:

belong first to Brittany. 50% of the older respondents considered themselves belonging first to France. Primary Breton identity is at its lowest among the respondents over 65: 58% consider themselves to belong first to France, with European identify secondary. 21% of the respondents over 65 considering themselves to be European first. Breton self-identification is stronger among people who vote

6773: 3915:, has never been heavily industrialised. Today, fishing and agriculture remain important activities. Brittany has more than 40,000 farms, mostly oriented towards cattle, pig and poultry breeding, as well as cereal and vegetable production. The number of farms tends to diminish, but as a result, they are merged into very large estates. Brittany is the first producer in France for vegetables ( 5059: 4790:(tour of Brittany), where the pilgrims walk around Brittany from the grave of one of the seven founder saints to another. Historically, the pilgrimage was made in one trip (a total distance of around 600 km) for all seven saints. Nowadays, however, pilgrims complete the circuit over the course of several years. In 2002, the Tro Breizh included a special pilgrimage to 12513: 5464: 9074: 2100:, which encouraged the creation of many factories, did not favour the Breton industry because most of the royal factories were opened in other provinces. Moreover, several conflicts between France and England led the latter to restrain its trade, and the Breton economy went into recession during the 18th century. 4425: 4429: 4428: 4424: 1590:. Some suggest that he was a Breton, though others believe that he was from Britain, pointing to the passage that he arrived in the land of the Biturges "by way of Ocean", which would hardly have been efficient or required for a Breton. Both historians describe Riothamus's losing battle against King 4561:

than in Breton speaking areas. Gallo was simply perceived as an incorrect way of speaking French rather than a separate language. Gallo transmission from parents to children is extremely low and efforts to standardise and publish books in Gallo did not reverse the decline of the language and its lack

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A 2012 poll taken in the five departments of historical Brittany showed that 48% of the respondents considered themselves belonging first to France, 37% to Brittany, and 10% to Europe. It also showed that Breton identity is stronger among people younger than 35. 53% of them considering themselves to

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Cycling has always been one of the main sports of Brittany, but leisure cycling and the infrastructure to support it have been growing extremely rapidly. An extensive network of cycle paths and recommended cycle routes has opened up all over the region. Some of these are routes using mainly smaller

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Government policies in the 19th and 20th centuries made education compulsory and, at the same time, forbade the use of Breton in schools to push non-French speakers into adopting the French language. Nevertheless, until the 1960s Breton was spoken or understood by many of the inhabitants of western

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which has seats at the Regional Council and in other local assemblies. It advocates more autonomy for the region and its positions are very close to the Socialist parties. It also has a strong ecological orientation. The audience of far-right parties is lower in Brittany than in the rest of France.

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During the 19th century, Brittany remained in economic recession, and many Bretons emigrated to other French regions, particularly to Paris. This trend remained strong until the beginning of the 20th century. Nonetheless, the region was also modernising, with new roads and railways being built, and

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included Romans, Visigoths, Franks, Alans and Armoricans, amongst others. The Alans were placed front and centre, opposite the Huns. The Armoricans supplied archers who attacked the Huns' front lines during the main battle and thwarted Attila's night assault on the Roman camp with a hail of arrows

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Though the marked cyclepaths such as the Nantes-Brest canal offer the opportunity for safe, easy, traffic free cycling, the real 'richness' of Brittany is its incredible network of country lanes. Those the terrain can be described as 'rolling' the gradients are generally moderate (rarely over 5% -

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or the "Reaper of Death". Sometimes a skeleton wrapped in a shroud with the Breton flat hat, sometimes described as a real human being (the last dead of the year, devoted to bring the dead to Death), he makes his journeys by night carrying an upturned scythe which he throws before him to reap his

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of the Duchy changed many times; the Dukes were usually independent, but they often contracted alliances with England or France depending on who was threatening them at that point. Their support for each nation became very important during the 14th century because the English kings had started to

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Brittany's wildlife is typical of France with several distinctions. On one hand, the region, due to its long coastline, has a rich oceanic fauna, and some birds cannot be seen in other French regions. On the other hand, the species found in the inland are usually common for France, and because

6612:. Brittany is the second-largest cider-producing region in France. Breton cider is traditionally served in a bowl or a cup. Brittany also has a long beer-brewing tradition, tracing its roots back to the 17th century. Young artisanal brewers are keeping a variety of beer types alive, such as 2875:

Because the départements are small and numerous, the French government tried to create wider regions during the 20th century. For the Breton nationalists, it was an occasion to recreate Brittany as a political and administrative entity, but the new region had to be economically efficient.

4064:. The two were Rochefort-en-Terre with "its covered market, 12th-century church, medieval castle, 19th-century chateau, and 16th- and 17th-century mansions" and Locronan, where "East India Company's offices still stand on the village square, as well as 17th-century merchants' dwellings". 9078: 1031:, the warmer climate allowed the area to become heavily wooded. At that time, Brittany was populated by relatively large communities who started to change their lifestyles from a life of hunting and gathering, to become settled farmers. Agriculture was introduced during the 4427: 5708: 4231:

In 1851, Brittany had around 2.7 million inhabitants and the demographic growth stayed low until the second half of the 20th century, mainly because of an important emigration. Brittany had 3.2 million inhabitants in 1962 and the growth was mainly due to

200: 3414:. Rainfall occurs regularly but sunny, cloudless days are also common. In the summer months, temperatures in the region can reach 30 °C (86 °F), yet the climate remains comfortable, especially when compared to the French regions located south of the 194: 191: 199: 197: 190: 196: 195: 193: 192: 198: 982: 3730:, who wanted to affirm the Breton independence from France. All the traditional disciplines were taught here: arts, theology, law and medicine. During the 17th century, it had around 1,500 students. It declined during the 18th century, mostly because 9479: 9461: 1549:, who sent some of his British troops to Gaul to enforce his claims and settled them in Armorica. This account was supported by the Counts of Anjou, who claimed descent from a Roman soldier expelled from Lower Brittany by Conan on Magnus's orders. 1477:(also spelled bacaudae) during this period, which were groups of peasant insurgents. The Bagaudae achieved some temporary and scattered successes under the leadership of members of the underclass as well as former members of local ruling elites. 9443: 3418:. The temperature difference between summer and winter is about 15 degrees, but it varies depending on the proximity of the sea. The weather is generally milder on the seacoast than inland but rainfall occurs with the same intensity on both. The 3709:

Brittany has the same education system as the rest of France. As in other French regions, formal education before the 19th century was the preserve of the elite. Before 1460, Brittany did not have a university, and Breton students had to go to

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considered themselves as much Breton as French, 22.5% felt more Breton than French, and 15.4% more French than Breton. A minority, 1.5%, considered themselves Breton but not French, while 9.3% did not consider themselves to be Breton at all.

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Jules Ferry also promoted education policies establishing French language as the language of the Republic, and mandatory education was a mean to eradicate regional languages and dialects. In Brittany, it was forbidden for the pupils to speak

8675: 2407:. Nevertheless, Brittany retained its cultural distinctiveness, and a new cultural revival emerged during the 1960s and 1970s. Bilingual schools were opened, singers started to write songs in Breton, and ecological catastrophes such as the 8734: 8637: 4556:

Unlike Breton, Gallo does not have a long promotion history and it is still often perceived as a poor rural dialect. Moreover, because of its linguistic relationship with Gallo, French imposed itself more easily as the main language in

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Although relatively new, the Breton industry has been constantly growing since 1980. Food processing (meat, vegetables...) represents a third of the industrial jobs, but other activities are also important for the local economy.

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Medieval Brittany was far from being a united nation. The French king maintained envoys in Brittany, alliances contracted by local lords often overlapped and there was no specific Breton unity. For example, Brittany replaced

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Having declined from more than one million speakers around 1950 to about 200,000 in the first decade of the 21st century, of whom 61% are more than 60 years old, Breton is classified as "severely endangered" by the UNESCO

1934:, backed by the English. The Montforts won in 1364 and enjoyed a period of total independence until the end of the Hundred Years' War, because France was weakened and stopped sending royal envoys to the Court of Brittany. 1447:. The Gallic deities continued to be worshiped, and were often assimilated to the Roman gods. Only a small number of statues depicting Roman gods were found in Brittany, and most of the time they combine Celtic elements. 5111:, which displays an elaborately decorated church surrounded by an entirely walled churchyard. Many villages still have their closes, they date from the 16th and 17th centuries and sometimes include an elaborately carved 7627:

Brittany was proverbially wealthy throughout much of its history: it prospered from trade before and during Roman rule, mid-ninth century legal documents reveal peasant landowners suing lords for trespass. The House of

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is the most common type of singing. The performers sing calls and responses while dancing. Breton dances usually imply circles, chains or couples and they are different in every region. The oldest dances seem to be the

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in late 2012. However, these figures remain under the French national rate (9.9% at the same period). Some industries, such as construction, industry, catering or transport, usually have difficulties finding employees.

189: 2992:, because it would lose its political and economic capital. Without Loire-Atlantique, the other départements would not form an efficient region any more, and would have to integrate neighbouring regions such as the 7502: 4576:

Gallo had never been written before the 20th century, and several writing systems were created. They are however rarely known by the population and signs in Gallo are often unreadable, even for fluent speakers. In

4711:", though only a few are officially accepted by the Catholic Church. Since the 19th century at least, Brittany has been known as one of the most devoutly Catholic regions in France, together with the neighbouring 947:, a standard which has never been widely accepted. On its side, Gallo has never had a widely accepted writing system and several ones coexist. For instance, the name of the region in that language can be written 5326:

movement. The Seiz Breur artists also tried to invent a modern Breton art by rejecting French standards and mixing traditional techniques with new materials. The leading artists of that period were the designer

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Brittany. During the 1970s, Breton schools were opened and the local authorities started to promote the language, which was on the brink of extinction because parents had stopped teaching it to their children.

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The Romans also built three major roads through the region. However, most of the population remained rural. The free peasants lived in small huts, whereas the landowners and their employees lived in proper

9483: 9465: 9447: 4806:, drawn by two oxen and a lean horse. Two servants dressed in the same shroud and hat as the Ankou pile the dead into the cart, and to hear it creaking at night means you have little time left to live. 4426: 4260:

Breton political parties do not have wide support and their electoral success is small. However, Bretons have a strong cultural identity. According to a poll made in 2008, 50% of the inhabitants of the

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Leon Fleuriot's primarily linguistic researches in Les Origines de la Bretagne, emphasizes instead the broader influx of Britons into Roman Gaul that preceded the fifth-century collapse of Roman power.

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After the Romans withdrew, Celts from Britain moved into the area to seek refuge from the Anglo-Saxon invaders of the 5th and 6th centuries. It is from this event that Brittany derives its name.

5382:, also maintain a similar tradition. The potteries usually feature naïve Breton characters in traditional clothing and daily scenes. The designs have a strong traditional Breton influence, but 3834: 12731: 4269:

51.9% of the poll respondents agreed that Brittany should have more political power, and 31.1% thought that it should stay the same. Only 4.6% favoured independence, and 9.4% were undecided.

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As official religious statistics are forbidden in France, there are no official figures about religious practices in Brittany. However, successive polls show that the region has grown more

3229:. The Breton bocage, with its small fields enclosed by thick hedgerows, has almost disappeared since the 1960s to fit the modern agricultural needs and methods, particularly mechanisation. 4584:

The Gallo community is estimated at between 28,300 and 200,000 speakers. The language is taught on a non-compulsory basis in some schools, high-schools and universities, particularly in

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era. During the Briton emigration to Brittany, several Christian missionaries, mostly Welsh, came in the region and founded dioceses. They are known as the "Seven founder saints":

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However, several institutions have backed the reunification, such as the regional council of Brittany since 2008 and the Loire-Atlantique council since 2001. Some politicians like

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A bilingual approach has also been implemented in some state schools after 1979, and some Catholic schools have done the same after 1990. Besides, Brittany, with the neighbouring

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succeeded in passing a law which made primary education in France free, non-clerical (laïque) and mandatory. Thus, free schools were opened in almost every villages of Brittany.

11351: 188: 2864:. The communes and the départements have a local council elected by their citizens, but arrondissements and cantons are not run by elected officials. The cantons serve as an 8713: 5799: 3031:

Until the end of the 20th century, Brittany had been characterised by a strong Catholic and conservative influence. However, some areas such as the industrial region around

4581:, where Gallo is not promoted at all by the local authorities, many people do not even know the word "Gallo" and have no idea that it has writing systems and publications. 9544: 5107:, the medieval style never totally disappeared. However, local innovations permitted some changes and the birth of a particular style. Its most distinctive feature is the 3802:. They have taught a few thousand young people from elementary school to high school, and they have gained more fame owing to their high level of results in school exams. 2263:, the conservative values were strongly reasserted. When the Republic was re-established in 1871, there were rumours that Breton troops were mistrusted and mistreated at 11911: 7223:

in 1316. Ermine had been used in Brittany long before, and there is no clue to its origin. It was probably chosen by the dukes because of its similarity with the French

7192:. Since the 1920s, the flag has become very popular and it is flown from a large number of institutions. Apart from the ermine flag, Breton historic banners include the 5774:

were very rare before 1850. At that time, local writers started to collect and publish local tales and legends and wrote original works. Published between 1925 and the

10110: 7763: 4727:, a 13th-century priest, called Saint-Yves in French and Sant-Erwan in Breton, can also be considered as a patron saint. His feast, 19 May, is Brittany's national day. 4296:(in shades of grey), where the Gallo language is traditionally spoken. The changing shades indicate the advance of Gallo and French, and retreat of Breton from 900 AD. 8052: 3791:, and the two were strongly depreciated. Humiliating practices aimed at stamping out the Breton language and culture prevailed in state schools until the late 1960s. 1458:

and pirates. At the same time, the local economy collapsed and many farming estates were abandoned. To face the invasions, many towns and cities were fortified, like

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was hunting with her court when she saw a white ermine who preferred to die than to cross a dirty marsh. This episode would have inspired the duchess' motto :

9599: 8597: 8414: 5397:, which started to emerge in the 1850s and lasted until the beginning of the 20th century, had a decisive influence on modern painting. The artists who settled in 4462:. Most of them are very similar to each other, with only some phonetic and lexical differences. The three main dialects spoken in the western end of Brittany are: 1252:

may have been written from a local usage preserving the name of the former people in the vernacular oral language from a reading of an ancient Greek orthography).

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is a common abbreviation for "Breizh" ("Brittany" in Breton) and people often put BZH stickers on their car-plates, although it is forbidden under French laws.

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Several drafts for French regions had been proposed since the 1920s, and the definitive regions were drawn in 1956. The new Brittany had four départements, and

11933: 3931:. Brittany is the first region in France for fishing. The activity employs around 15,000 people, and more than 2500 firms work in fish and seafood processing. 8694: 2376:

only surrendered on 10 and 11 May 1945, several days after the German capitulation. The two port towns had been virtually destroyed by Allied air raids, like

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From a fairytale fortress in the Loire to a clifftop stronghold in Provence, these charming, historic villages make perfect bases for exploring rural France

8751: 7980: 6656:. They traditionally replaced bread as basic food and they can be served with cheese, sausages, bacon, mushrooms or eggs. They can be accompanied by Breton 4537:

Gallo is spoken on the eastern half of Brittany. It is not itself a Celtic language. Like French, it is also descended from Latin (and is classified in the

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speaking dioceses. The flag was created to replace the traditional ermine plain standard, considered too aristocratic and royalist. It was inspired by the

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are the two most well-known Breton dishes. The crêpes, made and served with butter, are eaten for dessert and the galettes are usually salty and made with

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Breton literature before the 19th century was mostly oral. The oral tradition entertained by medieval poets died out during the 15th century and books in

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to invade England and the Bretons formed over a third of the landing force in 1066. They received large estates there (e.g. William's double-second cousin

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Famously, signs in schools read: "It is forbidden to speak Breton and to spit on the floor" ("Il est interdit de parler Breton et de cracher par terre").

1707:.) Although the details remain confused, these colonies consisted of related and intermarried dynasties which repeatedly unified (as by the 7th-century 9557: 6096:

offer similar collections, with large quantities of French painting together with the works of some Italian and Dutch artists. The Museum of Fine Arts

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in the Monts d'Arrée, at 385 m (1,263 ft). It is closely followed by several neighbouring hills culminating at around 384 m above sea level.

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have suggested a two-wave model of migration from Britain which saw the emergence of an independent Breton people and established the dominance of the

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region. Because of this continuity, the Breton border with the rest of France is not marked by any strong geographical landmark, apart from the river

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and in other French regions, is also related to pétanque, but players use iron disks instead of balls and they have to throw them on a wooden board.

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had around 1,394,909 inhabitants, thus historical Brittany's population can be estimated at 4,713,813, the highest in its history. The population in

3386:. The present Breton landscape did not acquire its final shape before one million years ago. The Breton subsoil is characterised by a huge amount of 3110:. It is around 34,030 km (13,140 sq mi) and stretches toward the northwest and the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered to the north by the 17: 2029:. Anne unsuccessfully tried to preserve Breton independence, but she died in 1514, and the union between the two crowns was formally carried out by 1870:(who was Æthelstan's nephew and had returned from England in the same year as Alan II) and thus Brittany ceased to be a kingdom and became a duchy. 8209: 7316: 7180:

spots (their number may vary) and nine stripes, the black ones represent the Breton speaking historical dioceses, and the white ones symbolise the

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There are ferry services that take passengers, vehicles and freight to Ireland, the United Kingdom and the Channel Islands. The main companies are

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The unemployment rate in Brittany is lower than in other French regions and it is usually around 6 or 7% of the active population. Because of the

9212: 2723:, 17 times. The Court and the government were also very mobile, and each dynasty favoured its own castles and estates. The dukes mostly lived in 811: 9670: 7723: 3481:. Most of these birds breed on isolated islands and rocks and thus are hard to observe. The inland is home to common European species including 2133: 1866:

Alan II totally expelled the Vikings from Brittany and recreated a strong Breton state. For aiding in removing the problem, Alan paid homage to

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and the south are the more attractive areas, whereas the population is declining in the centre and in the westernmost parts. While most of the

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and rivers started to fill the valleys with alluvial deposits. The valleys themselves were a result of a strong tectonic activity between the

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From the 15th to the 18th century, Brittany reached an economic golden age. The region was located on the seaways near Spain, England and the

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in 13 BC. Gallic towns and villages were redeveloped according to Roman standards, and several cities were created. These cities are Condate (

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Since the early 1970s, Brittany has experienced a tremendous revival of its folk music. Numerous festivals were created, along with smaller

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at the end of the 14th century. It appeared later on numerous locations, including churches and castles. According to popular traditions,

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and others, which date to the early 5th millennium BC. Today, the historical province of Brittany is split among five French departments:

3858: 8388: 4967:, castles and half-timbered houses visible in villages, towns and cities. Several Breton towns still have their medieval walls, such as 11926: 9254: 7432: 8822: 7368: 7264:'s music and that of "Bro Goth agan Tasow" (the national anthem of Cornwall; its lyrics were written at the end of the 19th century). 2333:. However, the audience of these movements remained very low and their ideas did not reach a large public until the 20th century. The 11836: 9808: 9779: 8567: 7469: 1613:, the Praetorian Prefect of Gaul, and subsequently ambushed by Euric's army. After a long battle, the Armorican survivors escaped to 2200:. Brittany essentially lost all its special privileges that existed under the Duchy. Three years later, the area became a centre of 1541:

The history behind such an establishment is unclear, but medieval Breton, Angevin and Welsh sources connect it to a figure known as

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At the 2010 census, the population of historic Brittany was estimated to be 4,475,295. In 2017, the largest metropolitan areas were

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is around 26 billion euros, and the GDP of the five historical Breton départements would be at around 108 billion euros.

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is supported by half of the inhabitants of Brittany and of Loire-Atlantique, and is considered a prerequisite to further autonomy.

12167: 9150: 9125: 8717: 4762:, a church or any sacred place. Some Pardons are reputed for their length, and they all finish by large meals and popular feasts. 3866: 3703: 2329:(URB) and later to independence movements linked to Irish, Welsh, and Scottish and Cornish independence parties in the UK, and to 1001:

found in the whole of Western Europe. Their only original feature was a distinct culture, called "Colombanian". One of the oldest

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Brittany has a vibrant calendar of festivals and events. It hosts some of France's biggest contemporary music festivals, such as

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in the 5th and 6th centuries to seek refuge from the Anglo-Saxon invaders. It is from this event that Brittany derives its name.

9101: 11876: 11861: 11851: 4747: 3990:. Brittany is the second French region for telecommunication and the fifth for electronics, two activities mainly developed in 7754: 11919: 11866: 10255: 9339: 9075:"Démographie – Population sans doubles comptes au recensement: Loire-Atlantique (série rétropolée 1851–1962) – série arrêtée" 8512: 7892: 7707: 5393:

Because of its distinct culture and natural landscape, Brittany has inspired many French artists since the 19th century. The

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Tourism is particularly important for the seacoast and Brittany is one of the most visited regions in France. In April 2019,

1890:). The Bretons helped to liberate the Cornish, replacing Anglo-Saxon land owners. Some of these lords were powerful rivals. 1768:. These realms eventually merged into a single state during the 9th century. The unification of Brittany was carried out by 12333: 8852: 8056: 4248: 1152:. The south bank of the river was occupied by an allied tribe, the Ambilatres, whose existence and territory remain unsure. 8894: 3145:

with some forty islands that is almost a closed sea. In total, around 800 islands lie off the mainland; the largest being

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branch), but has some Celtic influences, particularly in its vocabulary, whereas French has influences from both Celtic (

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against France in 1488, mostly because of its internal divisions that were exacerbated by the corruption at the court of

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André Le Coq & Philippe Blanchet (2005). Centre de Recherche sur la DiversitéLinguistique de la Francophonie (ed.).

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Modern Brittany - Illustration from Legends & Romances of Brittany by Lewis Spence, illustrated by W. Otway Cannell.

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favoured a modern Breton literature and helped translating widely known novels into Breton. After the war, the journal

2041:, Brittany and France were governed as separate countries but under the same crown, so Breton aristocrats in the French 30:

This article is about the cultural region in the northwest of France. For the current French administrative region, see

4228:. Nevertheless, since the 1990s, Rennes has consistently ranked as one of France's fastest growing metropolitan areas. 2811: 6783:

Until the 1970s, the Breton road network was poor because maritime and rail transport prevailed. The French president

5081:, the last permanent residence of the dukes, which displays the transition from late Gothic to Renaissance style. The 11334: 11147: 9624: 9569: 8487: 8322: 8297: 8159: 7417: 6365: 6243: 5866: 5310:, made between the 17th and the 19th century. Breton sculptors were also famous for their ship models that served as 5073:

occurred when Brittany lost its independence. The Renaissance architecture is almost absent in the region, except in

4002: 3221:("by the forest"). The best soils were primitively covered by large forests which had been progressively replaced by 1043: 881: 505: 7629: 6707:

and used in butter and milk caramels. The region is notable for its biscuit factories, many towns having their own:

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In the 1960s, several Breton artists started to use contemporary patterns to create a Breton pop music. Among them,

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district for the election of the département councils and arrondissements are run by a subprefect appointed by the

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that appeared at the beginning of the Middle Ages. They were often called "pays" or "bro" ("country" in French and

2396: 2010: 1621:, after which they are lost to history. According to Breton king-lists, Riotham survived and reigned as Prince of 1566: 869: 687: 210: 31: 3763:: the "collèges" and the "lycées" which were opened in numerous towns to educate boys and form a new elite. A new 1039:

in Brittany did not happen due to a radical change of population, but by slow immigration and exchange of skills.

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Joël Cornette, Le marquis et le Régent. Une conspiration bretonne à l'aube des Lumières, Paris, Tallandier, 2008.

7514: 6420: 4404: 4301: 3842: 3838: 3269: 1634: 12391: 9395: 9279: 7645: 5182:

were usually used for roofing. During the 19th century, the Breton architecture was mainly characterised by the

5078: 2775: 2676: 12617: 12413: 7859: 7447: 7248: 6953: 6949: 6343: 5957:, was founded in 1856. Its collections are mainly dedicated to the history of the region. Museums dedicated to 5314:

and for their richly decorated furniture, which features naïve Breton characters and traditional patterns. The

3830: 1336:(Aquitaine); the location of the Ambibarii is unknown. The Caletes are sometimes also considered Belgians, and 6124: 4992: 3079: 2923:. In 1972, the regions received their present competencies, with an elected regional council. Since then, the 2116:(1719). Both arose from attempts to resist centralisation and assert Breton constitutional exceptions to tax. 2109: 899:

in two different ways, according to their region of origin. Breton can be divided into two main dialects: the

12736: 11317: 9051: 8943: 7028: 6969: 6053: 5985: 5082: 5048: 4451:. However, the number of children attending bilingual classes has risen 33% between 2006 and 2012 to 14,709. 3760: 3422:, despite their low elevation, have much more rainfall than the rest of the region. The south coast, between 1937:

English diplomatic failures led to the Breton cavalry commanders Arthur, Comte de Richemont (later to become

6470:

are one of few professional teams in northern France. They currently play in the top tier of French Rugby,

1797:. The Bretons won another war in 867, and the kingdom reached then its maximum extent: It received parts of 1015:

settled in Brittany around 35,000 years ago. They replaced or absorbed the Neanderthals and developed local

11590: 9373: 6961: 6497:, where a prestigious school is located. A great number of Bretons have become acclaimed sailors, such as: 5692: 4358: 3959: 3454:

Brittany is a peninsula, the number of species is lower in its western extremity than in the eastern part.

3052: 2928: 1981: 1969: 1938: 1750: 601: 6534: 6265:, which occurs in many places around Saint-Yves's day (19 May), and during the Festival de Cornouaille in 122: 10790: 10055: 8794: 7958:[Half of the inhabitants of the 5 Breton departments in favour of integrating Loire-Atlantique]. 7699: 6578: 5318:

is the most famous Breton piece of furniture. The Breton style had a strong revival between 1900 and the

5183: 12067: 12047: 8213: 5699:, is sung entirely in Breton and is about the legend of Katel Kollet, a lady who dances with the devil. 3818: 11361: 11236: 10841: 10810: 10195: 8080:

Le " Colombanien ": un faciès régional du Paléolithique inférieur sur le littoral armoricano-atlantique

7220: 6219: 6211: 5988:

owns a large collection of Egyptian, Greek and Roman antiquities as well as drawings and engravings by

4956: 4310:

of the French Republic, is spoken today by the vast majority in Brittany, for whom it is usually their

4192:

had under 25,000 inhabitants. Brittany is also characterised by a great number of small towns, such as

2916: 2415:

and water pollution from intensive pig farming favoured new movements to protect the natural heritage.

2125: 1942: 1802: 1746: 9219: 8766: 3312:. Between the Cadomian and Hercynian periods, the region was submerged several times and the sea left 857:"), was used until the 12th century. It possibly means "wide and flat" or "to expand" and it gave the 11322: 11157: 10785: 9200: 7731: 7236: 7185: 6941: 6792: 6696: 6339: 6281: 5929: 5344: 5134:, which was at the time the biggest French harbour, received a theatre, large avenues and quays, and 5127: 5036: 5028: 3611: 2940: 2852: 1945:

playing key roles on the French side during the deciding stages of the war (including the battles of

1856: 726: 39: 11122: 9015: 8529: 7833: 7388: 4715:

region. The proportion of students attending Catholic private schools is the highest in France. The

4193: 3664:

The Breton forests, dunes, moorlands and marshes are home to several iconic plants, such as endemic

2708: 12592: 11662: 11096: 11072: 10398: 6328: 6132: 5630:

group from Paris has strong Breton and Celtic inspirations. You can also find the well known group

5040: 3044: 2326: 2148:

Province of Brittany (1789) - showing internal borders of five new departments: Côtes-du-Nord (now

1919: 253: 12338: 8253: 7618:

The Visigoths' version of events was that they had saved the Roman empire from a British invasion.

7402: 6787:

implemented a major road construction plan in the 1970 and Brittany received over 10 billion

6749:("butter cake" in Breton) made with bread dough and high quantities of butter and sugar, and the 6395:, cycling and sailing are the three most popular sports in Brittany. Major football teams are the 4794:, symbolically making the reverse journey of the Welshmen Sant Paol, Sant Brieg, and Sant Samzun. 4533:

Signs in Gallo are very rare and the writing systems they use are unknown by most of the speakers.

3649:. The region also has its own breeds of cattle, some of which are on the brink of extinction: the 1903:

with French as its official language in the 13th century, 300 years before France did so, and the

1841:

in 909. Nantes was seized by the Vikings in 914. At this time Brittany was also called Lydwiccum.

134: 12726: 11977: 11373: 11021: 10567: 10286: 10105: 9995: 8986: 7641: 7353: 6739:. They usually make their biscuits with salted butter and sell them in iron boxes. Famous Breton 6332: 6301: 6270: 6188: 5024: 4596: 3607: 3015:, favour instead the creation of a "Greater West region", which would encompass Brittany and the 2787: 1432: 1016: 775: 9646: 7785: 7338: 5408: 4827:

to have a strong Catholic population, around 70% of its inhabitants belonging to that religion.

3194:, at 417 m, and slopes towards the west before straightening on its western extremity, with the 1006: 12700: 12542: 11841: 11760: 11723: 10795: 10085: 10080: 7956:"La moitié des habitants de la Bretagne à 5 favorable à un rattachement de la Loire-Atlantique" 6945: 6795:

were built, permitting Breton road transport to multiply by four. The Breton motorways are not

6736: 6378: 5356: 4918: 4914: 4742:

Many distinctive traditions and customs have also been preserved in Brittany. Among them, the "

4357:

in Scotland. Both have been recognised as "Langues de Bretagne" (languages of Brittany) by the

4025:. It was the ninth richest region in France and it produced 4% of the national GDP. The Breton 3854: 3727: 3552: 2057: 2014: 2002: 1958: 1838: 1545:. Welsh literary sources assert that Conan came to Armorica on the orders of the Roman usurper 1383:

off the coast of Brittany. At the conclusion of the Gallic Wars, the region became part of the

1229: 1072: 802:

around 320 BC. The Greek word itself comes from the common Brythonic ethnonym reconstructed as

787: 8920: 7693: 7394: 5905: 5020: 5012: 4078: 4029:

was around 29,694 euros in 2018. It was lower than the French result, 30,266 euros, below the

3759:

reorganised the French education system in 1808. He created new universities and invented two

3096: 12537: 12323: 12192: 11607: 11422: 11167: 11067: 10438: 10281: 10260: 9696: 9522: 8987:"Comparateur de territoire: Région de Bretagne (53), Département de la Loire-Atlantique (44)" 8392: 5044: 5011:. Most of the Breton castles were rebuilt between the 13th and the 15th century, such as the 4872: 4621: 3462: 2892:

than with the Breton peninsula. The French government and local politicians also feared that

2408: 2346: 2314: 2299: 2177: 2139: 2113: 1923: 1879: 1050:, it is sometimes designated as the "core area" of megalithic culture. The oldest monuments, 110: 9261: 8615: 7247:("rather death than dishonour"). The motto has later been reused by Breton regiments, local 6732: 6478: 5945:

and written in the second half of the twentieth century, are set in Armorica, now Brittany.

5608: 5442: 5207: 5052: 4996: 4692: 1625:

until his death sometime between 500 and 520, though this may have been a different person.

12358: 12343: 12082: 12022: 11750: 11622: 11356: 11006: 10403: 10326: 10135: 10060: 8826: 7556: 7439: 7287:

headdress and the traditional black round hat, the fisherman and his yellow raincoat, etc.

7068: 6514: 6416: 6392: 5989: 5155: 4073: 3850: 3822: 3764: 3735: 3723: 3698: 2424: 2260: 2085: 1931: 1648:

community around the 6th century. The sea was a communication medium rather than a barrier.

1583: 1526: 1510: 1036: 873: 655: 384: 12373: 8571: 7256: 6944:. Destination served include the United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, Ireland and Morocco. The 6703:, is often served with fish. Brittany is also known for its salt, mainly harvested around 6679:

Surrounded by the sea, Brittany offers a wide range of fresh seafood and fish, especially

5328: 4730: 4632: 4482: 3078:

remains a right-wing stronghold. The local parties have a very small audience, except the

2621: 2450:) and they also served as fiscal and military districts. Brittany is also divided between 1825:

at the beginning of the 10th century. The kingdom lost its eastern territories, including

1684: 1232:

is located; however the city of Redon was founded around AD 832 under the initial name of

179: 8: 12147: 12097: 12077: 11992: 11949: 11899: 11637: 11506: 11436: 11417: 11396: 11329: 11152: 11026: 10846: 10831: 10826: 10780: 10755: 10428: 10321: 10306: 10120: 9939: 9734: 9255:"Pratiques et représentations de la langue et de la culture régionales en Haute Bretagne" 6827: 6542: 6494: 6443: 6104:. Contemporary sculptures can be seen in the park around the Château de Kerguéhennec, in 6101: 5901: 5676:

was one of the first western European composers to be influenced by what is now known as

5112: 4688: 4601: 4375: 4051: 3770:

In the meantime, several laws were promoted to open schools, notably for girls. In 1882,

3693: 3603: 3347:. Changes in sea levels and climate led to a strong erosion and to the formation of more 3048: 2993: 2688: 2268: 2030: 2026: 1954: 1725: 1657: 1645: 1028: 972: 718: 714: 609: 593: 11036: 6251: 6194: 6057: 6009: 5909: 5815: 5763:

are also said to have lived in Brittany. Another major Breton legend is the story about

5039:. The most impressive castles can be seen along the border with France, where stand the 5016: 4832: 4538: 4150: 3923:, potatoes, tomatoes...). Cereals are mostly grown for cattle feeding. Wine, especially 3419: 3261: 3199: 3190:

The Armorican Massif reaches its maximum elevation outside of Brittany, in neighbouring

3184: 3067: 2643: 2610: 2543: 2181: 2149: 1695:

are in most cases identical to their British homelands. (In Breton and French, however,

1169: 1108: 663: 12527: 12406: 12328: 12187: 11967: 11803: 11534: 11427: 11391: 11312: 11267: 11162: 10988: 10879: 10836: 10765: 10572: 10347: 10115: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10000: 9857: 9813: 9157: 9122: 7637: 7261: 7197: 6803: 6802:

The main road artery linking cities and other settlements along the north coast is the

6538: 6400: 6169: 6069: 6049: 6005: 5760: 5536: 5070: 4189: 3826: 3809:

region, remains a stronghold for Catholic private education with around 1,400 schools.

3799: 3677: 3658: 3532: 3387: 2997: 2861: 2428: 2129: 1993:

is regarded in Brittany as a conscientious ruler who defended the duchy against France.

1950: 1867: 1790: 1570:"like rain". After the battle was won, Aetius sent the Alans to Armorica and Galicia. 1388: 1380: 994: 722: 8856: 5850: 5846: 5834: 5712: 5378:

is known worldwide for its bowls and plates painted by hand, and other towns, such as

4314:. However, French was not widely known in the region before the 19th century, and two 4220:, with 69,993 inhabitants. Loire-Atlantique's population is more rapidly growing than 3654: 3280: 2687:

Brittany has several historical capital cities. When it was an independent duchy, the

2304:

were not allowed to speak Breton at school, and were punished by teachers if they did.

2046: 1020: 943:

together. In 1941, efforts to unify the dialects led to the creation of the so-called

650:

Brittany is the site of some of the world's oldest standing architecture, home to the

12721: 12587: 12562: 12017: 11953: 11944: 11667: 11642: 11632: 11368: 11341: 11222: 11077: 11062: 11057: 11016: 11011: 10916: 10805: 10760: 10750: 10742: 10413: 10367: 10357: 10203: 10030: 10010: 9969: 9565: 9105: 8508: 8483: 8318: 8293: 8155: 8116: 7888: 7703: 7633: 7177: 7116: 6784: 6756: 6510: 6467: 6452: 6408: 6177: 6073: 5842: 5748: 5720: 5669: 5582: 5454: 5437:. Before them, Brittany had also been visited by Academic and Romantic painters like 5230: 4743: 4550: 4546: 4459: 4315: 4307: 4118: 4105:

had grown by 0.9% between 1999 and 2000, and the growth rate reached more than 1% in

3934: 3750: 3650: 3556: 3490: 3457:

A variety of seabirds can be seen close to the seaside, which is home to colonies of

3355:

is responsible for the distinctive local blue schist and for the rich subsoil of the

3004: 2857: 2841: 2656: 2233: 2173: 1887: 1850: 1489: 1032: 825:

included what is now Brittany. This was an indefinite region that extended along the

605: 597: 577: 101: 8853:"La Bretagne a un taux de chômage faible, mais qui ne profite pas assez aux seniors" 5997: 5921: 5870: 2274: 1708: 1067:, on the southern coast, comprises a large share of these structures, including the 12679: 12572: 12552: 12492: 12380: 12157: 12092: 11696: 11657: 11612: 11599: 11519: 11498: 11401: 11346: 11031: 10851: 10770: 10582: 10362: 10301: 10191: 10070: 10065: 10035: 10005: 9959: 9921: 9787: 9332: 8106: 7671: 7593: 7298: 7240: 7165: 7084: 7072: 7067:. TER Bretagne also manages coach lines and connections between Rennes and Nantes. 6989: 6203: 6165: 6158: 5775: 5740: 5684: 5394: 5319: 5303:

had been the main inspiration for Breton artists. The region has a great number of

5269:

and rebuilt afterwards, and in the works of the Breton nationalist architects like

5266: 5004: 4952: 4856: 4828: 4814: 4758:

of the parish's saint. The penitents form a procession and they walk together to a

4724: 4712: 4578: 4570: 4563: 4542: 4392: 4388: 4233: 4209: 4098: 4034: 4010: 3870: 3862: 3817:

During the 20th century, tertiary education was developed with the creation of the

3806: 3407: 3348: 3336: 3317: 3305: 3293: 3195: 3175: 3161: 3153: 3138: 3134: 3056: 3051:, have become more powerful after the 1970s and they have formed a majority in the 3043:

are traditional Socialist and Communist strongholds. Left-wing parties, mainly the

3020: 3016: 2989: 2985: 2962: 2950: 2945: 2908: 2904: 2885: 2833: 2829: 2807: 2791: 2489: 2404: 2342: 2193: 2161: 2022: 2006: 1990: 1794: 1696: 1324:

and the Ambibarii. The Unelli, Caletes, and Lemovices were respectively located in

1225: 1217: 1141: 1128: 683: 679: 675: 628: 476: 127: 9181: 8271: 6724: 5917: 5647: 5430: 5270: 2438:

Brittany as a political entity disappeared in 1790, when it was divided into five

2229: 2038: 1653: 12577: 12532: 12421: 12037: 11739: 11677: 11617: 11580: 11552: 11514: 11479: 11459: 11242: 11232: 11217: 11104: 10911: 10775: 10538: 10393: 10352: 10342: 10186: 10125: 10045: 10040: 10025: 10020: 9933: 9686: 9314: 9129: 8738: 8446: 7882: 7585: 7330: 7203: 7173: 6965: 6574: 6463: 6447: 6431: 6081: 6061: 6025: 5838: 5787: 5771: 5756: 5736: 5657: 5616: 5514:. It is the only one that does not take part to the annual bagadoù competitions. 5495: 5375: 5032: 5008: 4899: 4876: 4852: 4840: 4672: 4585: 4455: 4384: 4370: 4350: 4342: 4338: 4327: 4319: 4138: 4106: 3939: 3784: 3681: 3584: 3572: 3478: 3470: 3458: 3233: 3142: 3111: 3060: 2744: 2561: 2525: 2521: 2507: 2457: 2447: 2365: 2337:

movement, created in 1923, permitted a Breton artistic revival but its ties with

2291: 2279: 2237: 2189: 2157: 2077: 1946: 1904: 1830: 1810: 1806: 1756:

At the beginning of the medieval era, Brittany was divided among three kingdoms,

1660: 1485: 1277: 1188: 927: 917: 842: 826: 746: 742: 667: 620: 547: 535: 522: 445: 79: 65: 35: 8596:

Emmanuèle Savelli. Portail de l'information environnementale en Bretagne (ed.).

8353:"Óttar's Story – A Dublin Viking in Brittany, England and Ireland, A.D. 902-918" 7676:

L'aventure des langues en Occident: Leur origine, leur histoire, leur géographie

6502: 6498: 6138: 5925: 4765: 2176:

that began in 1789 - and in 1790 the province of Brittany was divided into five

1533:, which is why the Breton language is more closely related to recorded Cornish. 725:

seeks greater autonomy within the French Republic, or independence from it. The

12653: 12597: 12547: 12348: 12062: 12042: 11778: 11768: 11744: 11691: 11647: 11562: 11542: 11524: 11469: 11464: 11432: 11277: 11257: 11082: 10983: 10962: 10957: 10594: 10528: 10523: 10512: 10493: 10487: 10483: 10296: 10291: 10250: 10177: 10163: 10075: 10050: 10015: 9974: 9964: 9900: 9887: 9827: 9771: 9763: 9754: 9727: 8898: 8095:"Current debates on the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Britain and Ireland" 7521: 7232: 7208: 7181: 7124: 7020: 6568: 6556: 6552: 6518: 6427: 6247: 6041: 5881: 5542: 5332: 5226: 5171: 5163: 5104: 5074: 4751: 4746:" are one of the most traditional demonstrations of popular Catholicism. These 4613: 4605: 4558: 4524: 4396: 4354: 4323: 4293: 4289: 4030: 4026: 3795: 3788: 3742: 3646: 3588: 3498: 3383: 3152:

The region is generally hilly because it corresponds to the western end of the

3091: 3008: 2981: 2977: 2912: 2756: 2573: 2474: 2467: 2466:("Haute Bretagne" and "Breizh Uhel"), corresponding to the eastern half, where 2462: 2456:("Basse Bretagne" and "Breizh Izel"), corresponding to the western half, where 2452: 2322: 2033:

in 1532. He granted several privileges to Brittany, such as exemption from the

1911: 1779: 1704: 1700: 1562: 1558: 1546: 1542: 1384: 877: 858: 750: 710: 640: 552: 91: 9099: 7786:"Tableaux de l'économie française, Édition 2020, Villes et communes de France" 7326: 6581:

team representing Brittany against other European 'counties' such as Galicia.

5893: 5732: 5507: 5468: 5360: 5146:

built many mansions called "Malouinières" around their town. Along the coast,

5085:, a former fortress, was transformed into a vast palace in the Italian style. 4823: 4515:

According to a 1999 INSEE survey, 12% of the adults of Brittany speak Breton.

4225: 4038: 3237: 2846: 2660: 2439: 1360: 1264: 1192: 1164: 1132: 1116: 1063: 12715: 12497: 12399: 12102: 12002: 11575: 11547: 11454: 11446: 11188: 11140: 10926: 10874: 10603: 10543: 10533: 10433: 10408: 10199: 9681: 8120: 7689: 7561: 7542: 7302: 7112: 7016: 6909: 6905: 6897: 6847: 6819: 6788: 6530: 6435: 6143: 6089: 6085: 6029: 6021: 6017: 5942: 5795: 5752: 5627: 5624: 5620: 5612: 5596: 5569: 5566: 5546: 5519: 5434: 5414: 5352: 5348: 5340: 5274: 5258: 5254: 5000: 4903: 4668: 4628: 4349:. Because of their origins and practice, Breton and Gallo can be compared to 4346: 4311: 4217: 4165: 4122: 3975: 3967: 3955: 3912: 3896: 3669: 3614:. The larger Breton mammals died out during the modern period, including the 3596: 3576: 3524: 3446:

exhibiting its characteristic horizontal basking behaviour several miles off

3443: 3403: 3379: 3285: 3115: 3032: 2377: 2369: 2330: 2061: 2042: 1774: 1742: 1664: 1444: 1420: 1376: 1297: 1293: 1285: 1256: 1068: 987: 799: 783: 702: 632: 616: 581: 291: 286: 236: 223: 8448:

Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'ouest, (Anjou, Maine, Poitou, Touraine)

8082:. Vol. 90. Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française. p. 284. 7408: 6863: 6830:

performs a similar role along the south coast providing connections between

6589: 5913: 5219: 5088: 4817:, during the urbanisation of Brittany. A poll conducted in 2006 showed that 4121:

are growing, the cities themselves tend to stagnate or regress, such as for

3874: 1605:, Riothamus had led twelve thousand men to establish a military presence in 1083: 1047: 418: 12557: 12472: 11893: 11686: 11474: 10998: 10952: 10891: 10800: 10577: 10555: 10548: 9990: 9915: 9905: 9837: 9706:

The official website for Brittany Tourism – Brittany Regional Tourist Board

9333:"Éléments d'analyse géographique de l'implantation des religions en France" 7494: 7224: 7048: 6850:. The Route nationale 164 crosses the centre of the peninsula and connects 6811: 6745: 6720: 6692: 6522: 6382: 6292:

international science fiction festival is held in the same city. Brest and

6151: 6013: 5993: 5885: 5877: 5862: 5807: 5637: 5592: 5558: 5550: 5458: 5426: 5418: 5402: 5293: 5158:. In rural areas, Breton houses remained simple, with a single floor and a 5108: 5063: 4716: 4658: 4652: 4529: 4185: 4130: 4057: 3951: 3889: 3638: 3509: 3494: 3486: 3474: 3352: 2889: 2888:, raised concerns because they were off-centered, more integrated with the 2671: 2539: 2361: 2357: 2295: 2217: 2065: 2009:

married without the king of France's consent. Nonetheless, she married the

1329: 1301: 1159:, who lived in the western part of Brittany. Their territory comprised the 1100: 1092: 1012: 782:

since the 1st century to refer to Great Britain, and more specifically the

779: 316: 12212: 12117: 10182: 7930: 6777: 5823: 4844: 4285: 4142: 3504: 3308:. At the same time, an intense volcanic activity left large quantities of 3146: 3100: 3071: 2625: 2606: 2185: 2153: 2140:

The French Revolution of 1789 – Division of Brittany into five departments

1860: 1480: 1160: 659: 12442: 12252: 12007: 11808: 11793: 11194: 11113: 10921: 10906: 10896: 10869: 10695: 10648: 10560: 10311: 9928: 9832: 9719: 9151:"Les Bretons, les habitants de Loire-Atlantique et la question régionale" 8077: 7108: 6669: 6506: 6459: 6147: 6065: 5889: 5858: 5803: 5724: 5677: 5665: 5604: 5562: 5515: 5511: 5422: 5383: 5336: 5300: 5234: 5195: 5187: 4951:

Brittany has a large number of medieval buildings. They include numerous

4412: 4408: 3771: 3642: 3548: 3360: 3288:, one of the westernmost extents of both Brittany and Metropolitan France 3226: 3019:

region. Polls show that 58% of the Bretons and 62% of the inhabitants in

2353: 2264: 2243: 2205: 2053: 1761: 1676: 1372: 1204:

in Breton language, in the center of the département) and to the town of

1024: 998: 904: 12267: 12262: 12247: 12242: 12217: 12032: 10463: 10234: 8638:"Les oiseaux marins: des falaises, des îlots, des embruns et des plumes" 8502: 7360: 7031:. TGV services also link the region with major cities in France such as 6704: 6560: 5739:. There, ruins of a castle surrounded by a lake are associated with the 4984: 4968: 4847:

were at around 65%. Other religions are almost non-existent, apart from

4802:

harvest. Sometimes he is on foot but mostly he travels with a cart, the

4642: 4493: 3301: 3040: 2816: 2752: 2740: 2712: 2696: 2639: 2349:

during World War II weakened Breton nationalism in the post-war period.

2221: 2025:. After he died childless, the duchess had to marry his heir and cousin 1778:. Among the immigrant Britons, there were some clergymen who helped the 1757: 1668: 1514: 1497: 12567: 12487: 12437: 12302: 12142: 11731: 11719: 11172: 11136: 10936: 10901: 10861: 10453: 10220: 10211: 8463: 7375: 7345: 7268: 7189: 7128: 7100: 7096: 7036: 7008: 6917: 6875: 6751: 6665: 6657: 6635: 6526: 6486: 6439: 6404: 6293: 6274: 6207: 6120: 6112: 6048:

are more dedicated to modern and contemporary art and contain works by

6037: 5958: 5499: 5367: 5323: 5211: 5199: 5143: 5139: 4976: 4972: 4933: 4810: 4786: 4781: 4720: 4704: 4662: 4216:, with 309,346 inhabitants and an urban area encompassing 972,828, and 4197: 4181: 4134: 3916: 3564: 3371: 3265: 3123: 2557: 2442:. The Breton départements more or less correspond to the nine Catholic 2381: 2334: 2283: 2225: 2097: 2073: 1883: 636: 311: 8174: 7023:, which stops at Le Mans, was completed in 2017, bringing the line to 6855: 6577:

is also a growing sport in the region, with club teams and a 'county'

5250: 5097: 4407:. Breton remained the language of the rural population, but since the 4379:

Bilingual road signs can be seen in traditional Breton-speaking areas.

3885: 2309: 2144: 1765: 1711:) before splintering again according to Celtic inheritance practices. 935:. The official spelling is a compromise between both variants, with a 12648: 12353: 12227: 12222: 12107: 12072: 11972: 11131: 10243: 9305:(in French), by Amand Guérin, Published by P. Masgana, 1842: page 238 7550: 7040: 6796: 6716: 6673: 6653: 6482: 6412: 6396: 6297: 6289: 6273:

and events celebrating local traditions, such as the Filets Bleus in

6097: 6077: 6001: 5873: 5791: 5591:, who revived traditional songs and made them popular across France. 5532: 5524: 5503: 5398: 5215: 5179: 5159: 5151: 5138:

was redesigned after a fire in 1720. At the same period, the wealthy

4960: 4922: 4755: 4274: 3943: 3920: 3623: 3540: 3528: 3523:

and Ireland, the waters of Brittany attract marine animals including

3466: 3339:

straightened and flattened several times during the formation of the

3329: 3325: 3241: 3107: 2865: 2248: 2108:

Two significant revolts occurred in the 17th and 18th centuries: the

1730: 1602: 1579: 1416: 1321: 1055: 770: 573: 369: 10443: 10149: 9497: 9399: 9252: 9016:

Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2017

8111: 8094: 7856:"Official website of the French Government Tourist Office: Brittany" 6317: 6127:

has a large annex in Brest and a submarine is opened to visitors in

5642: 4458:

has several dialects which have no precise limits but rather form a

4292:(in colours), where the Breton language is traditionally spoken and 3438: 3253: 2220:

and food processing (sugar, exotic fruits and vegetables, fish...),

1972:. Indeed, some rebel Breton lords were fighting on the French side. 1789:

secured the independence of the new kingdom of Brittany and won the

1640: 1450:

During the 3rd century AD, the region was attacked several times by

908: 615:

Brittany has also been referred to as Little Britain (as opposed to

12638: 12502: 12307: 12292: 12282: 12272: 12152: 12137: 12112: 12087: 11788: 11252: 10705: 10660: 10624: 10458: 10418: 10230: 10225: 10207: 10130: 9867: 9862: 9847: 9033:"La bonne santé de la démographie bretonne|date3 January 2011" 8352: 7284: 7193: 7156: 7088: 6928: 6887: 6823: 6688: 6626: 6601: 6231: 5970: 5962: 5651: 5631: 5588: 5479: 5387: 5285: 5246: 5238: 5093: 4929: 4907: 4883: 4818: 4774: 4735: 4416: 4400: 4253: 4146: 4110: 3924: 3756: 3715: 3619: 3595:

which destroys the ecosystem and accelerated the extinction of the

3536: 3516: 3482: 3447: 3411: 3340: 3297: 3245: 3169: 3165: 3157: 3075: 2588: 2565: 2412: 2303: 2201: 2197: 2165: 1986: 1826: 1798: 1782:

of the region, which was still pagan, particularly in rural areas.

1688: 1680: 1622: 1618: 1610: 1587: 1530: 1522: 1493: 1474: 1455: 1424: 1355: 1333: 1325: 1260: 1248:

people is highly probable but difficult to recover and the name of

1173: 1124: 1112: 1059: 821: 795: 790:

word, Πρεττανική (Prettanikḗ) or Βρεττανίαι (Brettaníai), used by

705:(321,364 inhabitants). Brittany is the traditional homeland of the 671: 651: 624: 589: 568: 399: 169: 11997: 10473: 9705: 8466:. Recherches et réalisations pour un art Breton moderne, 1923–1947 6645: 5370:, which can be seen on its numerous headdress models, and for its 5150:

and other French architects designed several citadels, such as in

1595: 12658: 12582: 12482: 12462: 12457: 12257: 12197: 12182: 12127: 12057: 12052: 12027: 11798: 11773: 11652: 11627: 11262: 11227: 11200: 11127: 11109: 10700: 10636: 10265: 9895: 9872: 9186:

Parler Breton au XXIe siècle – Le nouveau sondage de TMO-Régions.

8477: 7606: 7479: 7461: 7280: 7120: 7104: 7092: 7064: 7060: 7056: 6933: 6859: 6843: 6839: 6815: 6712: 6708: 6649: 6593: 6490: 6266: 6235: 6215: 6128: 6116: 6093: 5937: 5827: 5819: 5811: 5779: 5600: 5528: 5491: 5371: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5304: 5262: 5229:

were created along the coast and villas and hotels were built in

5191: 5162:

pattern. They were built with local materials: mostly granite in

5123: 5119: 4964: 4937: 4925: 4471: 4201: 4173: 4169: 4126: 4060:'s travel section included two Brittany locations in its list of 3995: 3983: 3963: 3904: 3673: 3580: 3560: 3544: 3423: 3391: 3364: 3309: 3191: 3036: 2602: 2443: 2373: 2252: 2069: 2034: 1998: 1965: 1822: 1786: 1769: 1735: 1614: 1606: 1500:

that united Brittany comprised the counties along the north coast

1436: 1428: 1412: 1408: 1396: 1365: 1342: 1317: 1309: 1305: 1180: 1156: 1104: 854: 838: 791: 706: 430: 362: 357: 321: 301: 296: 152: 9498:"La Bretagne à vélo: Près de 1500 km d'itinéraires vélos !" 8135:

Statements in Stone: Monuments and Society in Neolithic Brittany

6419:. Professional footballers coming from the region also form the 6123:

are dedicated to ships and maritime traditions and history. The

5374:

production, which started at the beginning of the 18th century.

2961:

was created, several local politicians opposed the exclusion of

1975: 12612: 12477: 12467: 12452: 12447: 12277: 12232: 12202: 12132: 12122: 11982: 11783: 11570: 11352:

Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles

11272: 11247: 11211: 11205: 11118: 11041: 10967: 10886: 10388: 9877: 9822: 9700: 9396:"Le Cidre – Mediaoueg, Ar Vediaoueg – La Médiathèque" 8616:"Normales et records des stations météo de France – Infoclimat" 7807: 7632:

was wealthy, Breton dowries raised impoverished nobles such as

7424: 7322: 7276: 7272: 7196:, a white flag with a black cross, the perfect negative of the 7132: 7052: 7024: 7012: 7004: 6901: 6893: 6883: 6879: 6871: 6867: 6851: 6835: 6831: 6807: 6740: 6728: 6700: 6684: 6680: 6548: 6471: 6386: 6285: 6255: 6227: 6223: 6105: 6033: 5978: 5974: 5966: 5954: 5744: 5696: 5573: 5379: 5242: 5203: 5202:

were mostly built during the 19th century. The most famous are

5167: 5147: 5135: 5131: 4980: 4945: 4941: 4894: 4888: 4759: 4700: 4682: 4678: 4638: 4509: 4435: 4334: 4237: 4213: 4177: 4161: 4114: 4082: 3991: 3987: 3979: 3971: 3928: 3908: 3846: 3746: 3731: 3711: 3665: 3427: 3321: 3313: 3222: 3119: 3012: 2973: 2969: 2968:

The obstacles to reunification are the same as in 1956: having

2920: 2897: 2893: 2877: 2779: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2736: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2704: 2691:, which can be compared to a parliament, met in various towns: 2680: 2584: 2503: 2485: 2400: 2389: 2385: 2338: 2213: 2081: 2018: 1834: 1667:

are now known by the names of the counties that succeeded them—

1467: 1463: 1459: 1451: 1404: 1400: 1392: 1313: 1273: 1269: 1197: 1149: 1002: 912: 698: 694: 585: 391: 374: 306: 281: 276: 258: 9421: 6984: 6164:, a museum showing transatlantic interiors was installed in a 5786:

pursued that mission. Among the authors writing in Breton are

4839:, with only 50% of the population practicing Catholics, while 2470:

is traditionally spoken. The historical Breton dioceses were:

1240:

people were assimilated to Bretons; the cultural link between

494: 12732:

Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

12663: 12602: 12368: 12363: 12297: 12287: 12237: 12207: 11987: 10672: 10478: 10423: 10316: 9910: 9852: 9842: 9800: 9750: 9280:"Langue bretonne et autres langues: pratique et transmission" 9213:"Langue bretonne et autres langues: pratique et transmission" 8676:"Que sait-on des invertébrés continentaux en Bretagne ?" 7589: 7457: 7228: 7044: 6772: 6609: 6605: 5833:

Breton literature includes 19th-century historical novels by

5661: 5485: 5471: 5175: 4988: 4910: 4851:

which is practiced by between 1 and 3% of the inhabitants in

4848: 4798: 4791: 4770: 4708: 4648: 4205: 3835:École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne 3592: 3568: 3520: 3415: 3375: 3356: 3249: 2872:. The president also appoints a prefect in each département. 2748: 2732: 2700: 2692: 2093: 2072:, first spelled "L'Orient", was founded in the 17th century. 2037:, a tax on salt that was very unpopular in France. Under the 1927: 1900: 1692: 1672: 1591: 1518: 1205: 1145: 1051: 834: 830: 766: 9523:"Cycling holidays in france FAQ page for all your questions" 8053:"Bertaèyn Galeizz change de nom. Un évènement pas si anodin" 6791:

of investments during 25 years. More than 10,000 km of

4256:

distinctive headdress, one of the symbols of Breton identity

3849:, also opened classes in several Breton towns. In 1969, the 2755:. All these towns except Vannes and Guérande are located in 619:, with which it shares an etymology). It is bordered by the 12695: 12607: 10931: 10468: 10448: 10383: 10216: 9710: 7293: 7032: 6913: 6631: 5735:

is located in Brittany and it is nowadays considered to be

5728: 5688: 5077:, close to the border with France. Major sites include the 4617: 4022: 3719: 3627: 3615: 3344: 2089: 1633:

Brythonic (British Celtic) settlement increased during the

997:. This population was scarce and very similar to the other 497: 9621:"The domain www.domainesinfo.fr is registered by NetNames" 5194:, the southernmost Breton town, was rebuilt in an Italian 4553:

which arrived after Latin in much of the rest of France).

3753:, and all the French universities were dissolved in 1793. 2271:

because of fears that they were a threat to the Republic.

7981:"Brittany lays claim to autonomy, in Corsica's footsteps" 7636:

to riches, and Duchess Anne's fortune contributed to the

7000: 5707: 5595:

is the main Breton rock band, and Breton singers include

5058: 3631: 3602:

Among the invertebrates, Brittany is notably home to the

3180: 3130: 1289: 892:

in the sixth century or perhaps by the end of the fifth.

488: 5502:), are also a modern creation, inspired by the Scottish 5463: 5241:

styles. These architectures are particularly present in

3895:, once the world's largest passenger ship, was built in 2360:

was also catastrophic for the region. It was invaded by

2294:

started to decline precipitously, mainly because of the

1772:, king between 845 and 851 and considered as the Breton 1075:, the largest single stone erected by Neolithic people. 837:

estuary and, according to several sources, maybe to the

12512: 8287: 6874:. The Route nationale 137 provides connections between 6687:. Among the seafood specialities is a fish stew called 6477:

Sailing is particularly important for sea-resorts like

5853:. Brittany is also the birthplace of many writers like 5764: 5572:

in his works and influenced 1970s Breton bands such as

9600:"Fac-similé JO du 07/07/1967, page 06810 – Legifrance" 9100:

Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de Bretagne (ed.).

8711: 8692: 8673: 8654: 8635: 7553:, Breton Celtic tribe associated with Northern England 6968:. Others smaller airport operates domestic flights in 4330:

that has constantly moved back since the Middle Ages.

2021:

and had the marriage cancelled. He eventually married

1582:

received correspondence from the eminent Roman jurist

1292:

trade . Several tribes also belonged to an "Armorican

10664: 8545:"La Bretagne, terre de résistance à l'extrême droite" 7260:– ("Old Land of My Fathers"). It re-employs both the 6948:

is the second airport in Brittany. It is followed by

6604:

and Gros Plant white wines are produced south of the

6258:, is the largest classical music festival in France. 6131:. In the same town, it is also possible to visit the 3767:

was progressively recreated during the 19th century.

3567:

populate the deep waters. River fish of note include

3430:, enjoys more than 2,000 hours of sunshine per year. 3129:

The Breton coast is very indented, with many cliffs,

3118:

and the waters located between the western coast and

3063:

councils have also been held by the left since 2004.

2204:

and Catholic resistance to the Revolution during the

506: 11050: 9117: 9115: 7532: 7071:

operates trains between Nantes and smaller towns in

5445:

who were looking for dramatic seascapes and storms.

5253:. Architecture from the 20th century can be seen in 4813:

over time. Catholicism started to decline after the

4089:

and the second in historical Brittany, behind Nantes

3738:

and paid no attention to its cultural institutions.

3394:

containing several millions square meters of water.

2399:, although the region excluded the ducal capital of 2259:

The region remained deeply Catholic, and during the

686:

region while the other four departments make up the

592:

during the period of Roman occupation. It became an

491: 485: 482: 9366:"Brittany GAA's 'Mother Goose' has a growing flock" 8292:. Éditions du Pontig/Coop Breizh. pp. 80–143. 8207: 8005: 7832:. Festival Interceltique de Lorient. Archived from 7716: 7011:, on the south coast, and another linking Paris to 6198:

ship replica at the Brest tall ship meeting in 2012

4512:, which is the most differentiated Breton dialect. 3745:eventually asked the university to be relocated to 3591:and to some invasive American species, such as the 3217:("by the sea" in Breton), and the inland is called 2395:In 1956, Brittany was legally reconstituted as the 1930:, backed by the French, fighting with the House of 1552: 479: 9587:Le Journal de la Bretagne des origines à nos jours 9562:Bretagne contemporaine – Culture, langue, identité 8732:«La Lente Mise en Place des Universités Bretonnes» 8542: 8339:Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians 8243:Procopius, in History of the Wars, viii, 20, 6-14. 8078:Nathalie Molines and Jean-Laurent Monnier (1993). 7753: 7051:providing connections between small towns such as 5672:are also from Brittany. The 19th-century composer 5510:bagad, one of the most well-known, belongs to the 4021:'s gross domestic product reached 99 billion 2900:to get the regional institutions and investments. 1035:by migrants from the south and east. However, the 9112: 8823:"L'économie bretonne|éditor=Region Bretagne" 8503:Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez and Divi Kervella (2011). 8145: 8143: 5118:During the 17th and the 18th centuries, the main 4277:. It is stronger among employees than employers. 2953:road sign reads "welcome to historical Brittany". 2860:, which are themselves made up of one or several 2124:Many Bretons crossed the Atlantic to support the 2080:, Brest was a major base for the French Navy and 1042:Neolithic Brittany is characterised by important 588:, covering the western part of what was known as 12713: 9148: 8290:Les Royaumes brittoniques au très haut Moyen Âge 7670: 6964:airport serves flights between Brittany and the 6936:railway viaduct is one of the highest in France. 3954:, both commercial and military, is implanted in 3240:. The poor and rocky areas are covered by large 3086: 2056:and it greatly benefited from the creation of a 1095:, Brittany was inhabited by five Celtic tribes: 993:Brittany has been inhabited by humans since the 849:, which means "close to the sea". Another name, 8175:Giot (P. R), Briard (J.) and Pape (L.) (1995). 8149: 6776:An old road sign on the Route Nationale 786 in 6280:Brittany also has some film festivals like the 5122:and towns obtained a typical French look, with 4936:period are rare, but include a large temple in 3812: 3296:, which formed its northern coastline, between 2317:in 1978 significantly affected the Breton coast 1859:in 937 with the support of his godbrother King 612:governed as a separate nation under the crown. 12424:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization 8941: 8781:"En Bretagne, l'enseignement privé se rebiffe" 8568:"Le Roc'h RUZ, point culminant de la Bretagne" 8341:, Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 80–83. 8306: 8140: 8050: 6826:, terminating in Paris. In south Brittany the 6541:are the main Breton sailing competitions. The 5691:have been selected to represent France in the 5518:is also common, as are vocals and dances. The 4403:during the 5th century by Britons fleeing the 4141:had 1,060,199 inhabitants, it was followed by 3007:, the former French prime minister and former 1628: 1488:map of the traditional regions of Brittany in 895:Breton-speaking people may pronounce the word 833:estuary, then along the Atlantic coast to the 12407: 11927: 10628: 9735: 9321:, BiblioBazaar reprint, LLC, 2009, pp. 430ff. 8958:"20 of the most beautiful villages in France" 8850: 8795:"Renforcer les atouts de l'économie maritime" 8595: 8312: 8035: 8020: 7688: 7605:Presumably this soldier was in the employ of 7267:Colloquial Breton emblems include the Celtic 7254:The Breton anthem, although not official, is 6672:, which consists of stewed pork or beef with 6462:is less popular in the North as it is in the 6261:The Breton culture is highlighted during the 6004:. Its French art collection gathers works by 4940:and scarce ruins of villas and city walls in 4616:and the Christianisation occurred during the 2856:. The arrondissements are further divided in 2103: 1976:Union with the French Crown and modern period 1601:In response to a plea from the Roman Emperor 1504: 1387:in 51 BC. It was included in the province of 1284:Those people had strong economic ties to the 1272:. Despite confusion by the classical scholar 643:to the west. Its land area is 34,023 km 85: 10616: 8892: 8778: 8724: 7914: 6176:and a museum of archaeology and design, the 5981:have a museum presenting their own history. 5565:and Breton music in the world. He also used 5406: 4419:, and the higher clergy have spoken French. 4224:'s and it is the 12th most populated French 2624:, corresponding to the northern part of the 2524:, corresponding to the northern part of the 2134:Charles Armand Tuffin, marquis de la Rouërie 963:, and a couple of other scripts also exist. 925:, while the Vannetais speakers pronounce it 71: 57: 10676: 10640: 9671:Brittany: in the West, the end of the world 9175: 9048:"La démographie de la Bretagne depuis 1851" 8565: 6799:, contrarily to the usual French highways. 6423:which sometimes plays with national teams. 6346:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 5222:is, with 77 meters, the highest in Europe. 4062:20 of the most beautiful villages in France 2778:still stands in the city centre. Nowadays, 2433: 2013:in 1490, leading to a crisis with France. 567: 12414: 12400: 11934: 11920: 10652: 9749: 9742: 9728: 9585:, page 40, Coop Breizh, Spézet, 1987; and 9248: 9246: 9244: 9242: 9240: 9201:Données clés sur Breton, Ofis ar Brezhoneg 9191: 9149:Ifop and Bretons, ed. (18 December 2012). 9011: 9009: 9007: 8714:"Les plantes à fleur menacées en Bretagne" 8591: 8589: 8478:Jean Markale and Patrice Pellerin (1994). 6664:. Brittany also has a dish similar to the 5417:when it began to decline. Among them were 3777: 2418: 2368:in August 1944. However, the areas around 1719: 8276:Les origines de la Bretagne: l'émigration 8189: 8110: 7917:Brittany 1750–1950 – The Invisible Nation 6366:Learn how and when to remove this message 5702: 4707:. Bretons recognize more than 300 local " 4391:language, and is most closely related to 3292:The Breton peninsula appeared during the 3232:Several forests still exist, such as the 2976:and create an economic imbalance between 2172:The Duchy was legally abolished with the 841:estuary. This term probably comes from a 9690:) is being considered for deletion. See 9564:? page 210, Skol Vreizh, Morlaix, 2005, 9030: 8527: 8203: 8201: 7830:"Festival Interceltique de Lorient 2010" 7666: 7664: 7202: 7155: 6983: 6927: 6771: 6588: 6555:, is the most popular Breton sport. The 6377: 6246:welcomes each year participants all the 6187: 5802:, who collected the local legends about 5719:Brittany is closely associated with the 5706: 5541: 5462: 5284: 5225:At the end of the 19th century, several 5087: 5057: 4902:. The largest menhir alignments are the 4871: 4764: 4729: 4595: 4528: 4449:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger 4421: 4374: 4284: 4247: 4077: 3933: 3903:Brittany, apart from some areas such as 3884: 3798:were founded in 1977 to teach Breton by 3697: 3503: 3437: 3279: 3260:. Another regional park encompasses the 3174: 3156:, a very old range that also extends in 3090: 2944: 2815: 2759:, thus not in the Breton speaking area. 2670: 2308: 2273: 2242: 2143: 1985: 1844: 1741: 1729: 1639: 1586:and was called "King of the Britons" by 1527:South-Western peninsula of Great Britain 1479: 1359: 1187:), who lived in the eastern part of the 1082: 1071:and the Broken Menhir of Er Grah in the 981: 12680:District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) 9237: 9004: 8944:"Loire-Atlantique – Pays De Loire (44)" 8586: 8367:A Twice Crowned Queen: Anne of Brittany 8179:. Ouest-France Université. p. 370. 6608:, the traditional drink of Brittany is 4569:Gallo is also threatened by the Breton 4003:global financial crisis started in 2007 3859:University of Rennes 2 – Upper Brittany 3304:. The southern part emerged during the 3026: 2972:in Brittany could harm the position of 2797: 2683:, permanent residence of the last dukes 1509:Toward the end of the 4th century, the 1411:), they were the capitals of the local 1107:. Their territory encompassed parts of 1103:, who lived around the present town of 880:Britons settled in western Armorica to 339:34,023 km (13,136 sq mi) 14: 12714: 10593: 9045: 8817: 8815: 8598:"L'histoire géologique de la Bretagne" 8315:Histoire de la Bretagne et des Bretons 8092: 6822:. It also provides a link to southern 5715:dressed in traditional Breton clothing 5531:, and the newest ones derive from the 3332:, soils in Brittany are usually acid. 3202:. The highest hill in Brittany is the 2128:. These included many sailors such as 1578:The late 5th century Brittonic leader 1196:. They gave their name to the city of 1148:. They gave their name to the city of 1054:, were followed by princely tombs and 977: 12395: 11915: 11825: 11717: 11496: 11298: 10730: 10510: 10161: 9798: 9723: 9647:"Delegated Strings – ICANN New gTLDs" 9218:. INSEE. January 2003. Archived from 8877: 8846: 8844: 8482:. Éditions Ouest France. p. 46. 8350: 8198: 7880: 7661: 6916:. These highways are standard French 5845:, the works of the singer-songwriter 5561:contributed most in popularising the 4835:were among the least Catholic French 4797:The most powerful folk figure is the 4699:Other notable early missionaries are 4280: 3927:, is made in a small region south of 3867:Ecole Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr 3704:Saint-Cyr-Coëtquidan military academy 3583:. The Breton rivers are also home to 3374:glaciations, Brittany was covered by 3236:, sometimes said to be the Arthurian 2352:Brittany lost 240,000 men during the 2228:was practised in small towns such as 1821:Brittany was heavily attacked by the 1703:continued the name of the indigenous 1609:in central Gaul, but was betrayed by 1536: 926: 916: 810:(ultimately from Proto-Indo-European 546: 521: 9345:from the original on 9 October 2022. 9330: 9292:from the original on 9 October 2022. 8712:Bretagne Environnement, ed. (2006). 8693:Bretagne Environnement, ed. (2005). 8674:Bretagne Environnement, ed. (2005). 8655:Bretagne Environnement, ed. (2005). 8636:Bretagne Environnement, ed. (2005). 8530:"Bretagne, la guerre des frontières" 8152:Les Celtes, Histoire et Dictionnaire 7858:. Us.franceguide.com. Archived from 7766:from the original on 11 January 2022 7231:, or stoat, as an animal became the 7047:. Regional services are operated by 6866:, and the Route nationale 166 links 6344:adding citations to reliable sources 6311: 6142:, a museum dedicated to sailing. In 5265:, three cities destroyed during the 4243: 2782:is the only official capital of the 1893: 1816: 884:and the region started to be called 27:Cultural area in northwestern France 11718: 9542: 8812: 8543:Martin Untersinger (4 April 2012). 7168:was designed in 1923. It is called 6634:made with wild honey, and an apple 6242:in Landerneau and Saint-Nolff. The 6226:, the Festival du Bout du Monde in 5953:The Museum of Brittany, located in 4604:" can be found in many villages in 4005:, unemployment rose to 8.7% in the 3268:seacoast. The Iroise Sea is also a 2088:. On its side, the inland provided 1855:Nantes was eventually liberated by 1473:This area was also affected by the 1268:and gave their name to the city of 888:, although this name only replaced 24: 8851:Priscilla Franken. Vocatis (ed.). 8841: 8528:Slate.fr, ed. (20 December 2011). 8351:Lewis, Stephen M. (January 2014). 8093:Thomas, Julian (1 December 2004). 7881:Price, Glanville (30 March 1986). 5800:Théodore Hersart de La Villemarqué 5640:, who composed the soundtrack for 4033:one, 30,900 euros. The GDP of the 3433: 2965:, and the question still remains. 2812:Administrative divisions of France 2251:arrested by the National Guard of 2224:in glass and shoe production, and 2212:some places being industrialised. 1403:) and Condevincum or Condevicnum ( 1349: 1087:The five Gallic tribes of Brittany 778:". This word had been used by the 162:Kentoc'h mervel eget bezañ saotret 25: 12748: 11148:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 9694:to help reach a consensus. › 9664: 9589:, page 106, Larousse, Paris, 2001 9277: 9072: 8779:Ouest-France, ed. (14 May 2011). 7027:. This extension is known as the 6244:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 5767:, a city swallowed by the ocean. 4959:churches, usually built in local 3637:Brittany is widely known for the 3618:. Today, mammals of note include 3074:council since 1998. On its side, 3066:The Socialist party has held the 2844:, Brittany was divided into five 2824:comprises four historical Breton 2666: 1691:); but these names in Breton and 18:Seven founding saints of Brittany 12511: 12166: 11943: 11898: 10511: 10148: 8657:"Les mammifères semi-aquatiques" 8505:Atlas de Bretagne – Atlas Breizh 8288:Christian Y. M. Kerboul (1997). 8051:Fabien Lecuyer (23 April 2013). 7695:Social Work in the British Isles 7535: 7513: 7501: 7486: 7468: 7446: 7431: 7416: 7401: 7387: 7367: 7352: 7337: 7315: 6624:. Stronger alcohols include the 6545:stages often start in Brittany. 6316: 6238:and the Astropolis in Brest, or 5674:Louis-Albert Bourgault-Ducoudray 4906:. Other major sites include the 3761:secondary education institutions 3209:Coastal areas are usually named 3168:, which separates Brittany from 2934: 2850:, each made up of three or four 2832:, in light blue, is part of the 2804:Brittany (administrative region) 2119: 1873: 1734:A 1922 nationalist engraving of 1567:Battle of the Catalaunian Plains 1553:Battle of the Catalaunian Plains 475: 209: 185: 133: 121: 109: 32:Brittany (administrative region) 9639: 9613: 9592: 9575: 9551: 9536: 9515: 9490: 9472: 9454: 9436: 9414: 9398:. Mediaoueg.bzh. Archived from 9388: 9358: 9349: 9324: 9308: 9296: 9271: 9205: 9142: 9093: 9066: 9039: 9024: 8979: 8950: 8935: 8913: 8886: 8871: 8787: 8772: 8757: 8745: 8705: 8686: 8667: 8648: 8629: 8608: 8559: 8536: 8521: 8496: 8471: 8455: 8439: 8407: 8381: 8372: 8359: 8344: 8331: 8281: 8265: 8256:. The Encyclopaedia Britannica. 8246: 8237: 8228: 8208:Université de Rennes II (ed.). 8183: 8168: 8154:. Robert Laffont. p. 427. 8127: 8086: 8071: 8044: 8029: 8014: 7999: 7973: 7948: 7923: 7908: 7621: 7612: 7599: 7584:Magnus Maximus was a native of 7578: 6759:usually made with dried plums. 6735:, and Galettes Saint-Michel in 6421:Brittany national football team 6170:museum dedicated to Jules Verne 5941:comics, set during the time of 5366:Brittany is also known for its 4867: 4405:Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain 4302:Linguistic boundary of Brittany 4097:was estimated to 3,318,904 and 4067: 3843:Catholic University of the West 3839:University of Southern Brittany 3106:Brittany is the largest French 2988:region could not exist without 2719:, where they met 19 times, and 1635:Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain 1407:). Together with Fanum Martis ( 1005:in the world has been found in 9545:"Cycling holiday destinations" 8921:"L'essentiel sur… la Bretagne" 8878:INSEE, ed. (11 January 2013). 7874: 7848: 7822: 7800: 7778: 7746: 7682: 7678:. Robert Laffont. p. 113. 7592:, being born on the estate of 7215:The coat of arms of Brittany, 6940:The biggest Breton airport is 6269:. Several towns also organise 6088:. The Museums of Fine Arts of 5855:François-René de Chateaubriand 5439:Jean Antoine Théodore de Gudin 5401:wanted to break away from the 5198:style around 1820. The Breton 4434:A Breton speaker, recorded in 3831:University of Western Brittany 2911:region together with parts of 2790:encompassing Brittany and the 1964:Brittany importantly lost the 1714: 13: 1: 11867:Celtic place names in Galicia 11497: 9679: 8895:"Taux de chômage trimestriel" 8752:ICBL information about Breton 7755:"The world's 10 oldest ruins" 7654: 7211:of several dukes of Brittany. 7087:which operates lines between 7029:LGV Bretagne-Pays de la Loire 6806:which connects the cities of 6596:served with eggs and sausages 6426:Several Bretons have won the 6054:Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres 6046:Museum of Fine Arts of Nantes 5986:Museum of Fine Arts of Rennes 4399:. It was imported to Western 4333:The current border runs from 4085:, the most populated city in 3087:Geography and natural history 2460:is traditionally spoken, and 2325:led to the foundation of the 2290:During the 19th century, the 1276:, they were unrelated to the 1168:and the western extremity of 1078: 47:Historical province in France 11299: 9809:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 8507:. Coop Breizh. p. 100. 8451:. Université d'Angers. 1976. 8192:Commentarii de Bello Gallico 8177:Protohistoire de la Bretagne 8006:Pierre-Yves Lambert (1997). 7919:. University of Wales Press. 7887:. Rowman & Littlefield. 7646:Châteaux of the Loire Valley 7003:lines, one linking Paris to 6762: 6183: 5867:Félicité Robert de Lamennais 5693:Eurovision Song Contest 2022 5280: 5079:Château des ducs de Bretagne 4387:derived from the historical 4359:Regional Council of Brittany 4164:, with 216,815 inhabitants, 4153:, with 598,814 inhabitants. 3813:Other Institutes of Learning 3687: 3328:. Because of the absence of 3070:council since 1976, and the 3053:Regional Council of Brittany 2786:. It is also the seat of an 2776:Château des ducs de Bretagne 2762:Among all these towns, only 2677:Château des ducs de Bretagne 2126:American War of Independence 2005:could not have his daughter 1982:Union of Brittany and France 1970:Francis II, Duke of Brittany 1939:Arthur III, Duke of Brittany 1907:did not have formal status. 1878:Several Breton lords helped 1751:War of the Breton Succession 1573: 1423:, and sometimes a temple, a 915:. KLT speakers pronounce it 732: 715:a distinct cultural identity 584:in the north-west of modern 7: 12317:Foreign territories in 1789 12176:Minor provinces and regions 10791:Welsh literature in English 10731: 10162: 9888:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 9799: 9422:"bierbreizh – Accueil" 9331:Ifop, ed. (December 2006). 8480:Une histoire de la Bretagne 8038:Les Origines de la Bretagne 8023:Les Origines de la Bretagne 7728:www.megalithes-morbihan.com 7700:Jessica Kingsley Publishers 7692:; Shardlow, Steven (2002). 7528: 7279:, local dishes such as the 7160:The modern flag of Brittany 6125:Musée national de la Marine 5973:, while several towns like 5849:and of the maritime writer 5751:and a path is presented as 4993:Saint-Pol-de-Léon Cathedral 4723:, the Virgin's mother, but 4591: 4093:In 2017, the population in 3726:was founded under the duke 3551:is common along the coast, 3248:, and Brittany has several 3080:Union Démocratique Bretonne 2931:and administrative bodies. 2384:, and other towns, such as 2298:policy conducted under the 2110:Revolt of the papier timbré 1629:Additional waves of Britons 1259:, who lived in the present 1228:, where its suburb town of 1136:(in today's administrative 1127:, who lived in the current 806:, itself from Proto-Celtic 786:. This word derives from a 774:, which means "land of the 701:(733,320 inhabitants), and 166:Rather death than dishonour 10: 12753: 10811:Scottish Gaelic literature 10196:Brigantia (ancient region) 9673:– Official French website 8942:Linternaute villes (ed.). 7476:Festival du chant de marin 7308: 7245:"Potius mori quam foedari" 7151: 7138: 6896:is linked to Paris by the 6584: 6277:which celebrates fishing. 6220:Rencontres Trans Musicales 5948: 5653:Arrietty and the borrowers 5452: 4862: 4750:occur in some villages in 4734:A chapel and a calvary in 4522: 4368: 4326:. They are separated by a 4299: 4071: 4049: 4045: 3880: 3691: 3397: 3275: 3023:favour the reunification. 2938: 2801: 2422: 2192:, Loire-Inférieure (later 2104:The centralisation problem 1979: 1943:Peter II, Duke of Brittany 1848: 1747:Battle of Ar Roc'h-Derrien 1723: 1505:Immigration of the Britons 1353: 1340:is probably a mistake for 970: 966: 627:to the northeast, eastern 34:. For the given name, see 29: 12688: 12672: 12631: 12520: 12509: 12430: 12316: 12175: 12164: 11960: 11889: 11832: 11826: 11821: 11759: 11730: 11713: 11676: 11598: 11589: 11561: 11533: 11505: 11492: 11445: 11410: 11384: 11305: 11294: 11181: 11158:Hebridean Celtic Festival 11095: 10997: 10976: 10945: 10860: 10819: 10786:Welsh-language literature 10741: 10737: 10726: 10688: 10602: 10519: 10506: 10376: 10335: 10274: 10170: 10157: 10146: 9983: 9952: 9886: 9807: 9794: 9761: 9502:velo.tourismebretagne.com 9480:"Plan routier Breton (4)" 9462:"Plan routier Breton (3)" 9444:"Plan routier Breton (2)" 9121:Sondage CNRS, TMO-Ouest. 8389:"Breton American History" 7931:"Why Independence ?" 7423:Parlement of Brittany in 7176:) and it features eleven 6999:Brittany is on two major 6942:Nantes Atlantique Airport 6697:Saint-Julien-de-Concelles 6535:Transat Québec-Saint-Malo 6282:Three Continents Festival 6044:. The collections of the 5407: 4991:. Major churches include 4932:tomb. Monuments from the 4882:Brittany is home to many 4364: 4252:Breton women wearing the 4236:and the steady growth of 4149:750,863 inhabitants, and 3960:Chantiers de l'Atlantique 3734:was flourishing with the 3402:Brittany lies within the 2941:Reunification of Brittany 1922:, a local episode of the 1915:claim the French throne. 1886:and the latter's brother 784:Roman province of Britain 727:reunification of Brittany 456: 441: 426: 412: 398: 381: 368: 356: 348: 343: 335: 330: 264: 252: 217: 208: 177: 147: 117: 108: 99: 52: 40:Brittany (disambiguation) 11591:Ancient Celtic languages 9692:templates for discussion 9581:Gwenc'hlan Le Scouëzec, 8923:. INSEE. 26 January 2022 8893:Pays de la Loire (ed.). 8415:"Rennes, guide histoire" 8150:Venceslas Kruta (2000). 8055:. 7seizh. Archived from 8040:. Payot. pp. 52–53. 8025:. Payot. pp. 53–54. 7571: 7493:A Breton headdress from 7478:, sea songs festival in 7438:Abbey and lighthouse of 7297:is an approved Internet 7251:and cultural movements. 6307: 6271:historical re-enactments 6133:Keroman Submarine Museum 5448: 5299:Until the 19th century, 5218:. The lighthouse on the 5083:Château de Châteaubriant 5049:Château de Châteaubriant 4518: 3853:was divided between the 3819:École centrale de Nantes 3270:UNESCO biosphere reserve 3039:and the surroundings of 2434:Traditional subdivisions 2364:in 1940 and freed after 2327:Breton Regionalist Union 2302:. On one hand, children 2160:, Loire-Inférieure (now 1920:Breton War of Succession 1738:, first king of Brittany 11862:Gaulish words in French 11847:Celtic words in English 10106:Scottish New Zealanders 9996:Anglo-Celtic Australian 9128:17 January 2010 at the 8566:Plouméour-Ménez (ed.). 8210:"Archéologie classique" 8099:Documenta Praehistorica 7305:culture and languages. 7249:World War II Resistants 6979: 6767: 6302:Brest Maritime Festival 6028:. It has also works by 5790:, a Romantic poet, the 5778:, the literary journal 5322:and it was used by the 5062:A traditional house in 4496:, are grouped into the 3986:has a large factory in 3778:Language of humiliation 3630:and several species of 3608:freshwater pearl mussel 3553:small-spotted catsharks 3406:. It has a changeable, 2788:ecclesiastical province 2587:, corresponding to the 2488:, corresponding to the 2419:Government and politics 2180:: Côtes-du-Nord (later 2076:then was known for its 1720:The Kingdom of Brittany 1557:The army recruited for 1492:. The earlier state of 697:(934,165 inhabitants), 86: 12543:Chittagong Hill Tracts 10796:Early Irish literature 10677: 10665: 10653: 10641: 10629: 10617: 10086:Scotch-Irish Canadians 10081:Scotch-Irish Americans 8365:Constance De La Warr, 8313:Joël Cornette (2005). 8262: 8190:Julius Caesar. "VII". 8137:, Routledge, 1993, p.1 8036:Léon Fleuriot (1980). 8021:Léon Fleuriot (1980). 7724:"Saint-Michel tumulus" 7212: 7172:("white and black" in 7161: 7078: 7019:. An extension of the 6996: 6954:Lorient South Brittany 6950:Rennes – Saint-Jacques 6946:Brest Bretagne Airport 6937: 6923: 6780: 6737:Saint-Michel-Chef-Chef 6597: 6389: 6199: 6174:Natural History Museum 6150:were built, including 5930:Patrick Poivre d'Arvor 5841:, poems and novels by 5716: 5711:The singer-songwriter 5703:Legends and literature 5554: 5483:(popular feasts). The 5474: 5357:Jules-Charles Le Bozec 5296: 5100: 5066: 4919:Menhir de Champ-Dolent 4915:Locmariaquer megaliths 4879: 4777: 4748:penitential ceremonies 4739: 4609: 4534: 4439: 4380: 4297: 4257: 4212:has two major cities, 4188:44,372. All the other 4156:The largest cities in 4090: 3946: 3900: 3869:, the foremost French 3855:University of Rennes 1 3706: 3512: 3450: 3289: 3187: 3114:, to the south by the 3103: 2954: 2837: 2684: 2642:, forming part of the 2542:, forming part of the 2506:, forming part of the 2321:At the same time, the 2318: 2287: 2256: 2169: 2068:quickly expanded, and 2060:. Local seaports like 2058:French colonial empire 2015:Charles VIII of France 1994: 1753: 1739: 1649: 1501: 1368: 1364:The temple of Mars in 1332:(Upper-Normandy), and 1296:" which, according to 1230:Saint-Nicolas-de-Redon 1220:in the administrative 1111:, Ille-et-Vilaine and 1093:protohistorical period 1088: 1073:Locmariaquer megaliths 990: 723:A nationalist movement 709:and is one of the six 635:to the south, and the 631:to the southeast, the 539: 514: 72: 58: 38:. For other uses, see 12334:Menton and Roquebrune 11423:Scottish independence 11168:Celtic Media Festival 11051:National music scenes 10282:Proto-Celtic religion 9984:Related ethnic groups 9319:La Legende de la Mort 9102:"Données thématiques" 8737:19 March 2012 at the 8278:, Paris, Payot, 1980. 8258: 7915:Sharif Gemie (2007). 7884:The Celtic connection 7640:, to palaces such as 7206: 7159: 6987: 6931: 6775: 6592: 6381: 6250:and their diasporas. 6191: 5837:, travel journals by 5710: 5545: 5498:and drums (including 5466: 5390:have also been used. 5288: 5091: 5061: 4886:monuments; the words 4875: 4768: 4733: 4599: 4532: 4504:in opposition to the 4433: 4378: 4288: 4251: 4145:909,028 inhabitants, 4081: 3937: 3888: 3701: 3612:white-clawed crayfish 3507: 3441: 3283: 3258:regional natural park 3178: 3094: 2948: 2819: 2674: 2409:Amoco Cadiz oil spill 2392:, had also suffered. 2347:Breton National Party 2315:Amoco Cadiz oil spill 2312: 2277: 2246: 2147: 2132:and soldiers such as 2114:Pontcallec conspiracy 2092:ropes and canvas and 1989: 1880:William the Conqueror 1845:The Duchy of Brittany 1745: 1733: 1643: 1598:around the year 470. 1529:began to emigrate to 1483: 1379:were defeated in the 1363: 1288:, especially for the 1208:(in the south of the 1086: 1044:megalithic production 985: 911:) and the dialect of 383: • Summer ( 12737:Peninsulas of France 12083:Lorraine and Barrois 11950:Historical provinces 11747:(Medieval Welsh law) 11357:Scottish nationalism 11007:Ancient Celtic music 10327:Romano-Celtic temple 10136:Welsh New Zealanders 10061:Irish New Zealanders 9583:Guide de la Bretagne 9402:on 10 September 2015 9137:, 14-05.2009, page 7 9081:on 23 September 2015 9031:Ouest-France (ed.). 8742:, Science Ouest N°93 7557:Politics of Brittany 7520:Men Ruz lighthouse, 7069:TER Pays de la Loire 6962:Saint-Brieuc – Armor 6515:Olivier de Kersauson 6417:En Avant de Guingamp 6340:improve this section 6296:both organise large 6100:is dedicated to the 5990:Domenico Ghirlandaio 5490:, bands composed of 5409:École des Beaux-Arts 5339:, and the sculptors 5290:The Beautiful Angèle 5037:Château de Trécesson 5029:Château de Tonquédec 4780:There is a very old 4703:and the Irish saint 4500:(Kerne-Leon-Treger), 4113:. The region around 4074:Demography of France 3851:University of Rennes 3823:University of Nantes 3765:University of Rennes 3736:Atlantic slave trade 3724:University of Nantes 3404:north temperate zone 3027:Political tendencies 2798:Present subdivisions 2715:, and, most of all, 2564:, Côtes-d'Armor and 2536:Pays de Saint-Brieuc 2425:Politics of Brittany 2086:Atlantic slave trade 2084:flourished with the 1833:, and the county of 1594:of the Visigoths at 1584:Sidonius Apollinaris 1490:Ancien Régime France 1037:Neolithic Revolution 1007:Plouhinec, Finistère 874:Western Roman Empire 656:Tumulus Saint-Michel 548:[bʁɛjs,bʁɛx] 12588:Southern Azerbaijan 11961:General governments 11437:Irish republicanism 11418:Breton independence 11397:Scottish devolution 11330:Cornish nationalism 11153:Pan Celtic Festival 11027:Scottish folk music 10781:Scottish literature 10307:Celtic Christianity 10111:Scottish Travellers 10096:Scottish Argentines 9940:Scottish Travellers 9486:on 5 November 2013. 9468:on 5 November 2013. 9450:on 5 November 2013. 9108:on 9 February 2013. 8720:on 26 January 2013. 8701:on 25 January 2013. 8395:on 26 February 2015 8337:Smith, Julia M. H. 8059:on 7 September 2014 7960:archive.wikiwix.com 7810:. The Celtic League 7808:"The Celtic League" 7762:. 4 February 2016. 7395:Château de Suscinio 7207:The ermine was the 7115:operates the route 6958:Dinard – Saint-Malo 6828:Route nationale 165 6731:, La Trinitaine in 6695:sauce, invented in 6543:Solitaire du Figaro 6444:Lucien Petit-Breton 6263:Fête de la Bretagne 6168:base. Nantes has a 6148:transatlantic ships 6102:School of Pont-Aven 5906:Pierre-Jakez Hélias 5902:Alain Robbe-Grillet 5331:, the illustrators 5237:, and later in the 5041:Château de Fougères 5021:Château de Combourg 5013:Château de Suscinio 4612:Bretons are mainly 4318:exist in Brittany: 4052:Tourism in Brittany 3702:A battalion of the 3694:Education in France 3641:, a local breed of 3604:escargot de Quimper 3533:leatherback turtles 2994:Centre-Val de Loire 2689:Estates of Brittany 2269:Franco-Prussian War 2049:(foreign princes). 1997:As a result of the 1926:, saw the House of 1857:Alan II of Brittany 1726:Kingdom of Brittany 1663:in Armorica. Their 1029:last glacial period 978:Prehistoric origins 973:History of Brittany 931:and would write it 921:and would write it 861:name for Brittany: 794:, an explorer from 682:now belongs to the 594:independent kingdom 265:Largest settlements 233: / 102:Historical province 11428:Welsh independence 11392:Cornish devolution 11313:Breton nationalism 11163:Celtic Connections 10766:Cornish literature 10116:Ulster Protestants 10101:Scottish Canadians 10091:Scottish Americans 10001:Anglo-Irish people 9627:on 7 February 2013 9267:on 2 October 2013. 9225:on 10 October 2017 9163:on 10 October 2017 9046:Gecodia.fr (ed.). 8369:, Peter Owen, 2005 8008:La Langue Gauloise 7638:French Renaissance 7213: 7162: 6997: 6938: 6886:and terminates in 6804:Route nationale 12 6781: 6755:, a sort of sweet 6733:La Trinité-sur-Mer 6598: 6539:Jules Verne Trophy 6479:La Trinité-sur-Mer 6401:Stade Rennais F.C. 6390: 6200: 6070:Tamara de Lempicka 6050:Edward Burne-Jones 6006:Georges de La Tour 5761:Tristan and Iseult 5717: 5650:the compositor of 5609:Yann-Fañch Kemener 5555: 5537:French Renaissance 5475: 5443:Jules Achille Noël 5297: 5101: 5071:French Renaissance 5067: 5053:Château de Clisson 5025:Château de Largoët 4997:Tréguier Cathedral 4880: 4778: 4740: 4610: 4535: 4440: 4381: 4316:regional languages 4298: 4281:Regional languages 4263:region of Brittany 4258: 4119:metropolitan areas 4091: 3947: 3901: 3827:ESC Bretagne Brest 3707: 3661:and the Nantaise. 3513: 3451: 3390:that form a large 3359:, which comprises 3290: 3188: 3104: 3097:Pink Granite Coast 2998:Nouvelle-Aquitaine 2959:region of Brittany 2955: 2925:region of Brittany 2838: 2784:region of Brittany 2685: 2605:, divided between 2560:, divided between 2554:Pays de Saint-Malo 2429:Politics of France 2397:Region of Brittany 2319: 2288: 2257: 2170: 2130:Armand de Kersaint 2011:Holy Roman Emperor 1995: 1924:Hundred Years' War 1868:Louis IV of France 1791:Battle of Jengland 1754: 1740: 1650: 1537:The Romano-Britons 1502: 1389:Gallia Lugdunensis 1381:Battle of Morbihan 1369: 1346:(Lower-Normandy). 1328:(Lower-Normandy), 1089: 1046:and sites such as 995:Lower Palaeolithic 991: 765:, derive from the 678:in the southeast. 670:in the northeast, 578:historical country 349: • Total 336: • Total 12709: 12708: 12598:Southern Mongolia 12563:Iranian Kurdistan 12389: 12388: 11909: 11908: 11885: 11884: 11817: 11816: 11709: 11708: 11705: 11704: 11668:Cisalpine Gaulish 11488: 11487: 11374:national identity 11369:Welsh nationalism 11362:national identity 11342:Irish nationalism 11290: 11289: 11286: 11285: 11223:Cornish wrestling 11091: 11090: 11012:Breton Folk music 10977:Regional cultures 10820:National cultures 10806:Gaelic literature 10761:Breton literature 10722: 10721: 10718: 10717: 10714: 10713: 10502: 10501: 10414:Chief of the Name 10287:Celtic polytheism 10204:Sub-Roman Britain 10144: 10143: 10031:Irish Australians 10011:Cornish Americans 9970:Scottish diaspora 9424:. Bierbreizh.info 8880:"Taux de chômage" 8663:on 25 March 2013. 8644:on 20 March 2013. 8604:on 20 March 2013. 8514:978-2-84346-496-6 7894:978-0-86140-248-9 7709:978-1-8530-2833-5 7634:Jean II de Brosse 7359:The city wall of 7257:Bro Gozh ma Zadoù 7219:, was adopted by 6908:to Paris and the 6785:Charles de Gaulle 6757:Yorkshire pudding 6614:Coreff de Morlaix 6511:Michel Desjoyeaux 6468:Rugby Club Vannes 6453:directeur sportif 6409:Stade Brestois 29 6376: 6375: 6368: 6212:Vieilles Charrues 6137:Cité de la voile 6074:Wassily Kandinsky 5843:Charles Le Goffic 5721:Matter of Britain 5670:Brigitte Fontaine 5455:Music of Brittany 5329:René-Yves Creston 5113:calvary sculpture 4633:Saint-Pol-de-Léon 4551:Germanic language 4483:Saint-Pol-de-Léon 4431: 4308:official language 4306:French, the sole 4244:Regional identity 3794:In response, the 3751:French Revolution 3651:Bretonne Pie Noir 3557:continental shelf 3349:sedimentary rocks 3318:sedimentary rocks 3306:Hercynian orogeny 3005:Jean-Marc Ayrault 2842:French Revolution 2657:French Revolution 2622:Saint-Pol-de-Léon 2247:The mutineers of 2174:French Revolution 2096:sheets. However, 2047:Princes étrangers 1941:) and his nephew 1894:Internal disputes 1888:Brian of Brittany 1851:Duchy of Brittany 1817:Viking occupation 1652:Scholars such as 1415:. They all had a 1236:, long after the 1033:5th millennium BC 1019:, similar to the 882:escape the Saxons 816:'to cut, make'). 741:, along with its 674:in the south and 652:Cairn of Barnenez 606:Kingdom of France 569:[bəʁtaɛɲ] 468: 467: 408: 407: 201: 180:Bro Gozh ma Zadoù 16:(Redirected from 12744: 12623:West Balochistan 12553:Gilgit Baltistan 12515: 12493:Western Togoland 12483:Rehoboth Basters 12416: 12409: 12402: 12393: 12392: 12381:Comtat Venaissin 12377: 12170: 11948: 11947: 11936: 11929: 11922: 11913: 11912: 11902: 11823: 11822: 11715: 11714: 11697:Galwegian Gaelic 11596: 11595: 11494: 11493: 11402:Welsh devolution 11296: 11295: 11048: 11047: 11037:Sean-nós singing 11032:Welsh folk music 11022:Irish folk music 10989:Highland culture 10771:Irish literature 10751:Arthurian Legend 10739: 10738: 10728: 10727: 10680: 10668: 10656: 10644: 10632: 10620: 10600: 10599: 10591: 10590: 10568:Neo-Christianity 10508: 10507: 10439:Gaelic astrology 10399:Celtic festivals 10302:Celtic mythology 10275:Ancient religion 10192:Iron Age Britain 10159: 10158: 10152: 10131:Welsh Argentines 10071:Irish Uruguayans 10066:Irish Travellers 10036:Irish Brazilians 10026:Irish Argentines 10006:Breton Americans 9960:Cornish diaspora 9922:Irish Travellers 9796: 9795: 9788:Celtic languages 9744: 9737: 9730: 9721: 9720: 9676: 9658: 9657: 9655: 9653: 9643: 9637: 9636: 9634: 9632: 9623:. Archived from 9617: 9611: 9610: 9608: 9606: 9596: 9590: 9579: 9573: 9558:Francis Favereau 9555: 9549: 9548: 9543:Husband, Geoff. 9540: 9534: 9533: 9531: 9529: 9519: 9513: 9512: 9510: 9508: 9494: 9488: 9487: 9482:. Archived from 9476: 9470: 9469: 9464:. Archived from 9458: 9452: 9451: 9446:. Archived from 9440: 9434: 9433: 9431: 9429: 9418: 9412: 9411: 9409: 9407: 9392: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9376:on 30 April 2023 9372:. Archived from 9362: 9356: 9353: 9347: 9346: 9344: 9337: 9328: 9322: 9312: 9306: 9300: 9294: 9293: 9291: 9284: 9275: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9260:. Archived from 9259: 9250: 9235: 9234: 9232: 9230: 9224: 9217: 9209: 9203: 9199: 9195: 9189: 9179: 9173: 9172: 9170: 9168: 9162: 9156:. Archived from 9155: 9146: 9140: 9119: 9110: 9109: 9104:. Archived from 9097: 9091: 9090: 9088: 9086: 9077:. Archived from 9070: 9064: 9063: 9061: 9059: 9054:on 12 April 2013 9050:. Archived from 9043: 9037: 9036: 9028: 9022: 9013: 9002: 9001: 8999: 8997: 8983: 8977: 8976: 8971: 8969: 8954: 8948: 8947: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8928: 8917: 8911: 8910: 8908: 8906: 8897:. Archived from 8890: 8884: 8883: 8875: 8869: 8868: 8866: 8864: 8859:on 12 April 2013 8855:. Archived from 8848: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8829:on 26 March 2015 8825:. Archived from 8819: 8810: 8809: 8807: 8805: 8791: 8785: 8784: 8776: 8770: 8765: 8761: 8755: 8749: 8743: 8728: 8722: 8721: 8716:. Archived from 8709: 8703: 8702: 8697:. Archived from 8695:"Les mammifères" 8690: 8684: 8683: 8678:. Archived from 8671: 8665: 8664: 8659:. Archived from 8652: 8646: 8645: 8640:. Archived from 8633: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8612: 8606: 8605: 8600:. Archived from 8593: 8584: 8583: 8581: 8579: 8570:. Archived from 8563: 8557: 8556: 8555:on 6 April 2012. 8551:. Archived from 8540: 8534: 8533: 8525: 8519: 8518: 8500: 8494: 8493: 8475: 8469: 8459: 8453: 8452: 8443: 8437: 8436: 8434: 8432: 8426: 8420:. Archived from 8419: 8411: 8405: 8404: 8402: 8400: 8391:. Archived from 8385: 8379: 8376: 8370: 8363: 8357: 8356: 8348: 8342: 8335: 8329: 8328: 8310: 8304: 8303: 8285: 8279: 8269: 8263: 8257: 8250: 8244: 8241: 8235: 8232: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8221: 8212:. Archived from 8205: 8196: 8195: 8187: 8181: 8180: 8172: 8166: 8165: 8147: 8138: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8114: 8090: 8084: 8083: 8075: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8064: 8048: 8042: 8041: 8033: 8027: 8026: 8018: 8012: 8011: 8003: 7997: 7996: 7994: 7992: 7977: 7971: 7970: 7968: 7966: 7952: 7946: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7927: 7921: 7920: 7912: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7901: 7878: 7872: 7871: 7869: 7867: 7852: 7846: 7845: 7843: 7841: 7826: 7820: 7819: 7817: 7815: 7804: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7782: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7771: 7757: 7750: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7730:. Archived from 7720: 7714: 7713: 7686: 7680: 7679: 7672:Henriette Walter 7668: 7648: 7625: 7619: 7616: 7610: 7603: 7597: 7594:Count Theodosius 7582: 7545: 7540: 7539: 7538: 7517: 7505: 7490: 7472: 7450: 7435: 7420: 7405: 7391: 7380:Qui Qu'en Grogne 7371: 7356: 7341: 7319: 7299:top level domain 7241:Anne of Brittany 7188:and the British 7166:flag of Brittany 7085:Brittany Ferries 7073:Loire-Atlantique 6990:Brittany Ferries 6371: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6351: 6320: 6312: 6252:La Folle Journée 6240:La fête du bruit 6204:La Route du Rock 6166:Second World War 6058:Eugène Delacroix 6010:François Boucher 5910:Tristan Corbière 5816:Pêr-Jakez Helias 5776:Second World War 5741:Lady of the Lake 5586: 5412: 5411: 5395:Pont-Aven School 5320:Second World War 5267:Second World War 5045:Château de Vitré 5017:Château de Dinan 5005:Nantes Cathedral 4857:Loire-Atlantique 4829:Loire-Atlantique 4815:Second World War 4725:Ivo of Kermartin 4713:Pays de la Loire 4579:Loire-Atlantique 4571:language revival 4508:, spoken around 4432: 4389:Common Brittonic 4234:Loire-Atlantique 4210:Loire-Atlantique 4160:as of 2017 were 4099:Loire-Atlantique 4035:Loire-Atlantique 4011:Loire-Atlantique 3871:military academy 3863:Second World War 3837:in 1977 and the 3807:Pays de la Loire 3647:Brittany gun dog 3479:Atlantic puffins 3471:northern gannets 3408:maritime climate 3337:Armorican massif 3294:Cadomian Orogeny 3256:, included in a 3196:Montagnes Noires 3162:Pays de la Loire 3154:Armorican Massif 3139:Gulf of Morbihan 3122:Island form the 3057:Loire-Atlantique 3055:since 2004. The 3021:Loire-Atlantique 3017:Pays de la Loire 2990:Loire-Atlantique 2986:Pays de la Loire 2984:. Moreover, the 2963:Loire-Atlantique 2951:Loire-Atlantique 2927:has had its own 2909:Pays de la Loire 2905:Loire-Atlantique 2886:Loire-Atlantique 2870:French president 2834:Pays de la Loire 2830:Loire-Atlantique 2808:Loire-Atlantique 2792:Pays de la Loire 2490:Loire-Atlantique 2405:surrounding area 2358:Second World War 2343:collaborationism 2238:labour movements 2236:, known for its 2194:Loire-Atlantique 2162:Loire-Atlantique 2045:were classed as 2023:Anne of Brittany 1991:Anne of Brittany 1795:Charles the Bald 1226:Pays de la Loire 1218:Loire-Atlantique 1212:, bordering the 1144:), north of the 1142:Pays de la Loire 1129:Loire-Atlantique 930: 920: 819:In Roman times, 798:who visited the 684:Pays de la Loire 680:Loire-Atlantique 676:Loire-Atlantique 646: 629:Pays de la Loire 571: 566: 550: 545: 533: 532: 531: 525: 523:[bʁətaɲ] 520: 509: 504: 503: 500: 499: 496: 493: 490: 487: 484: 481: 410: 409: 388: 248: 247: 245: 244: 243: 238: 237:48.000°N 3.000°W 234: 231: 230: 229: 226: 213: 203: 202: 137: 125: 113: 89: 87:Bertaèyn/Bertègn 83: 75: 69: 61: 50: 49: 21: 12752: 12751: 12747: 12746: 12745: 12743: 12742: 12741: 12712: 12711: 12710: 12705: 12684: 12668: 12627: 12516: 12507: 12426: 12422:Members of the 12420: 12390: 12385: 12371: 12312: 12171: 12162: 11956: 11942: 11940: 11910: 11905: 11881: 11828: 11813: 11755: 11751:Early Scots law 11740:Early Irish law 11726: 11701: 11678:Scottish Gaelic 11672: 11613:Proto-Brittonic 11585: 11581:Beurla Reagaird 11557: 11553:Scottish Gaelic 11529: 11501: 11484: 11480:Columba Project 11460:Celtic Congress 11441: 11406: 11380: 11301: 11282: 11243:Gaelic handball 11233:Gaelic football 11218:Cornish hurling 11177: 11087: 11046: 10993: 10972: 10958:Gaelic clothing 10941: 10856: 10815: 10776:Manx literature 10733: 10710: 10689:Other claimants 10684: 10589: 10539:Celtic Congress 10515: 10498: 10394:Celtic calendar 10372: 10331: 10270: 10166: 10153: 10140: 10126:Welsh Americans 10046:Irish Catholics 10041:Irish Canadians 10021:Irish Americans 9979: 9953:Celtic diaspora 9948: 9882: 9811: 9803: 9790: 9757: 9748: 9713:Région Bretagne 9695: 9674: 9667: 9662: 9661: 9651: 9649: 9645: 9644: 9640: 9630: 9628: 9619: 9618: 9614: 9604: 9602: 9598: 9597: 9593: 9580: 9576: 9556: 9552: 9541: 9537: 9527: 9525: 9521: 9520: 9516: 9506: 9504: 9496: 9495: 9491: 9478: 9477: 9473: 9460: 9459: 9455: 9442: 9441: 9437: 9427: 9425: 9420: 9419: 9415: 9405: 9403: 9394: 9393: 9389: 9379: 9377: 9364: 9363: 9359: 9354: 9350: 9342: 9335: 9329: 9325: 9315:Anatole le Braz 9313: 9309: 9303:Bretagne: poems 9301: 9297: 9289: 9282: 9276: 9272: 9264: 9257: 9251: 9238: 9228: 9226: 9222: 9215: 9211: 9210: 9206: 9197: 9196: 9192: 9180: 9176: 9166: 9164: 9160: 9153: 9147: 9143: 9132:commentés dans 9130:Wayback Machine 9120: 9113: 9098: 9094: 9084: 9082: 9071: 9067: 9057: 9055: 9044: 9040: 9029: 9025: 9014: 9005: 8995: 8993: 8985: 8984: 8980: 8967: 8965: 8964:. 13 April 2019 8956: 8955: 8951: 8940: 8936: 8926: 8924: 8919: 8918: 8914: 8904: 8902: 8901:on 20 June 2013 8891: 8887: 8876: 8872: 8862: 8860: 8849: 8842: 8832: 8830: 8821: 8820: 8813: 8803: 8801: 8799:Région Bretagne 8793: 8792: 8788: 8777: 8773: 8763: 8762: 8758: 8750: 8746: 8739:Wayback Machine 8729: 8725: 8710: 8706: 8691: 8687: 8682:on 16 May 2013. 8672: 8668: 8653: 8649: 8634: 8630: 8620: 8618: 8614: 8613: 8609: 8594: 8587: 8577: 8575: 8574:on 12 June 2013 8564: 8560: 8541: 8537: 8526: 8522: 8515: 8501: 8497: 8490: 8476: 8472: 8460: 8456: 8445: 8444: 8440: 8430: 8428: 8427:on 18 July 2011 8424: 8417: 8413: 8412: 8408: 8398: 8396: 8387: 8386: 8382: 8377: 8373: 8364: 8360: 8349: 8345: 8336: 8332: 8325: 8311: 8307: 8300: 8286: 8282: 8270: 8266: 8252: 8251: 8247: 8242: 8238: 8233: 8229: 8219: 8217: 8206: 8199: 8188: 8184: 8173: 8169: 8162: 8148: 8141: 8132: 8128: 8112:10.4312/dp.31.8 8091: 8087: 8076: 8072: 8062: 8060: 8049: 8045: 8034: 8030: 8019: 8015: 8004: 8000: 7990: 7988: 7979: 7978: 7974: 7964: 7962: 7954: 7953: 7949: 7939: 7937: 7935:emgann.chez.com 7929: 7928: 7924: 7913: 7909: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7879: 7875: 7865: 7863: 7862:on 11 July 2011 7854: 7853: 7849: 7839: 7837: 7836:on 12 June 2011 7828: 7827: 7823: 7813: 7811: 7806: 7805: 7801: 7791: 7789: 7784: 7783: 7779: 7769: 7767: 7752: 7751: 7747: 7737: 7735: 7722: 7721: 7717: 7710: 7702:. p. 247. 7687: 7683: 7669: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7651: 7626: 7622: 7617: 7613: 7604: 7600: 7583: 7579: 7574: 7566:Grande-Bretagne 7541: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7524: 7518: 7509: 7506: 7497: 7491: 7482: 7473: 7464: 7454:Ar Meilhoù Glaz 7451: 7442: 7436: 7427: 7421: 7412: 7406: 7397: 7392: 7383: 7372: 7363: 7357: 7348: 7342: 7333: 7325:'s tomb in the 7320: 7311: 7154: 7141: 7081: 6982: 6966:Channel Islands 6926: 6904:is both on the 6770: 6765: 6587: 6575:Gaelic football 6464:south of France 6448:Cyrille Guimard 6446:as riders, and 6432:Bernard Hinault 6372: 6361: 6355: 6352: 6337: 6321: 6310: 6186: 6082:Pierre Soulages 6062:Gustave Courbet 6026:Robert Delaunay 5965:are located in 5951: 5851:Henri Queffélec 5847:Théodore Botrel 5839:Anatole Le Braz 5835:Émile Souvestre 5788:Auguste Brizeux 5757:Val sans Retour 5737:Paimpont forest 5727:. According to 5713:Théodore Botrel 5705: 5617:Nolwenn Korbell 5580: 5461: 5453:Main articles: 5451: 5413:and later from 5376:Quimper faience 5283: 5227:seaside resorts 5208:Phare d'Eckmühl 5033:Josselin Castle 5009:Kreisker chapel 4900:Breton language 4877:Josselin Castle 4870: 4865: 4853:Ille-et-Vilaine 4841:Ille-et-Vilaine 4804:Karrig an Ankou 4719:of Brittany is 4673:Dol-de-Bretagne 4594: 4586:Ille-et-Vilaine 4527: 4521: 4456:Breton language 4422: 4385:Celtic language 4373: 4371:Breton language 4367: 4351:Scottish Gaelic 4343:Rhuys Peninsula 4339:English Channel 4328:language border 4304: 4283: 4246: 4222:Region Brittany 4158:Region Brittany 4139:Ille-et-Vilaine 4107:Ille-et-Vilaine 4103:Region Brittany 4095:Region Brittany 4087:Region Brittany 4076: 4070: 4054: 4048: 4019:Region Brittany 4007:Region Brittany 3940:fishing trawler 3883: 3815: 3780: 3696: 3690: 3682:lotus maritimus 3678:horseshoe vetch 3676:varieties, the 3655:Froment du Léon 3573:Atlantic salmon 3436: 3434:Flora and fauna 3400: 3278: 3234:Paimpont forest 3143:natural harbour 3112:English Channel 3089: 3061:Ille-et-Vilaine 3045:Socialist party 3029: 2943: 2937: 2853:arrondissements 2822:region Brittany 2814: 2800: 2745:Dol-de-Bretagne 2669: 2562:Ille-et-Vilaine 2526:Ille-et-Vilaine 2522:Dol-de-Bretagne 2508:Ille-et-Vilaine 2436: 2431: 2421: 2413:Erika oil spill 2366:Operation Cobra 2354:First World War 2292:Breton language 2280:Royal Air Force 2216:specialised in 2190:Ille-et-Vilaine 2158:Ille-et-Vilaine 2142: 2122: 2112:(1675) and the 2106: 1984: 1978: 1959:Treaty of Arras 1905:Breton language 1896: 1876: 1853: 1847: 1839:Fulk I of Anjou 1819: 1811:Channel Islands 1728: 1722: 1717: 1661:Breton language 1631: 1576: 1555: 1539: 1507: 1445:villae rusticae 1399:), Darioritum ( 1358: 1352: 1350:Gallo-Roman era 1300:, gathered the 1278:Adriatic Veneti 1244:and the former 1189:Ille-et-Vilaine 1081: 1021:Châtelperronian 980: 975: 969: 918:[brɛjs] 829:coast from the 827:English Channel 735: 688:Brittany region 668:Ille-et-Vilaine 644: 621:English Channel 564: 543: 527: 526: 518: 507: 478: 474: 382: 326: 273: 272: 241: 239: 235: 232: 227: 224: 222: 220: 219: 204: 186: 183: 173: 164: 157: 148:Motto(s): 143: 142: 141: 140: 131: 130: 104: 95: 84: 77: 70: 63: 55: 48: 43: 36:Brittany (name) 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12750: 12740: 12739: 12734: 12729: 12727:Celtic nations 12724: 12707: 12706: 12704: 12703: 12698: 12692: 12690: 12686: 12685: 12683: 12682: 12676: 12674: 12670: 12669: 12667: 12666: 12661: 12656: 12654:Crimean Tatars 12651: 12646: 12641: 12635: 12633: 12629: 12628: 12626: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12593:South Moluccas 12590: 12585: 12580: 12575: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12555: 12550: 12548:East Turkestan 12545: 12540: 12535: 12530: 12524: 12522: 12518: 12517: 12510: 12508: 12506: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12434: 12432: 12428: 12427: 12419: 12418: 12411: 12404: 12396: 12387: 12386: 12384: 12383: 12378: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12336: 12331: 12326: 12320: 12318: 12314: 12313: 12311: 12310: 12305: 12300: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12260: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12230: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12179: 12177: 12173: 12172: 12165: 12163: 12161: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12045: 12040: 12035: 12030: 12025: 12020: 12015: 12010: 12005: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11964: 11962: 11958: 11957: 11939: 11938: 11931: 11924: 11916: 11907: 11906: 11904: 11903: 11896: 11890: 11887: 11886: 11883: 11882: 11880: 11879: 11874: 11869: 11864: 11859: 11854: 11849: 11844: 11839: 11833: 11830: 11829: 11819: 11818: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11769:Gaelic warfare 11765: 11763: 11757: 11756: 11754: 11753: 11748: 11745:Cyfraith Hywel 11742: 11736: 11734: 11728: 11727: 11711: 11710: 11707: 11706: 11703: 11702: 11700: 11699: 11694: 11692:Deeside Gaelic 11689: 11683: 11681: 11674: 11673: 11671: 11670: 11665: 11663:Hispano-Celtic 11660: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11618:Proto-Goidelic 11615: 11610: 11604: 11602: 11593: 11587: 11586: 11584: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11567: 11565: 11559: 11558: 11556: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11539: 11537: 11531: 11530: 11528: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11511: 11509: 11503: 11502: 11490: 11489: 11486: 11485: 11483: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11470:Celtic society 11467: 11465:Celtic Revival 11462: 11457: 11451: 11449: 11443: 11442: 11440: 11439: 11433:United Ireland 11430: 11425: 11420: 11414: 11412: 11408: 11407: 11405: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11388: 11386: 11382: 11381: 11379: 11378: 11377: 11376: 11366: 11365: 11364: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11338: 11337: 11327: 11326: 11325: 11320: 11309: 11307: 11303: 11302: 11292: 11291: 11288: 11287: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11280: 11278:Welsh handball 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11258:Highland games 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11191: 11185: 11183: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11144: 11143: 11134: 11125: 11116: 11101: 11099: 11093: 11092: 11089: 11088: 11086: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11054: 11052: 11045: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11003: 11001: 10995: 10994: 10992: 10991: 10986: 10984:Gaelic culture 10980: 10978: 10974: 10973: 10971: 10970: 10965: 10963:Highland dress 10960: 10955: 10949: 10947: 10943: 10942: 10940: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10927:Pictish stones 10924: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10883: 10882: 10872: 10866: 10864: 10858: 10857: 10855: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10823: 10821: 10817: 10816: 10814: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10747: 10745: 10735: 10734: 10724: 10723: 10720: 10719: 10716: 10715: 10712: 10711: 10709: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10692: 10690: 10686: 10685: 10683: 10682: 10670: 10658: 10646: 10634: 10622: 10609: 10607: 10597: 10588: 10587: 10586: 10585: 10580: 10570: 10565: 10564: 10563: 10553: 10552: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10531: 10529:Celtic nations 10526: 10524:Celtic Revival 10520: 10517: 10516: 10504: 10503: 10500: 10499: 10497: 10496: 10491: 10481: 10476: 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10380: 10378: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10339: 10337: 10333: 10332: 10330: 10329: 10324: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10297:Celtic Animism 10294: 10292:Celtic deities 10289: 10284: 10278: 10276: 10272: 10271: 10269: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10251:Cisalpine Gaul 10248: 10247: 10246: 10241: 10223: 10214: 10189: 10180: 10178:Gaelic Ireland 10174: 10172: 10168: 10167: 10155: 10154: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10141: 10139: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10078: 10076:Manx Americans 10073: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10051:Irish Chileans 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10016:English people 10013: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9987: 9985: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9977: 9975:Welsh diaspora 9972: 9967: 9965:Irish diaspora 9962: 9956: 9954: 9950: 9949: 9947: 9946: 9945: 9944: 9943: 9942: 9931: 9926: 9925: 9924: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9892: 9890: 9884: 9883: 9881: 9880: 9875: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9819: 9817: 9805: 9804: 9792: 9791: 9772:Celtic studies 9764:Celtic nations 9762: 9759: 9758: 9747: 9746: 9739: 9732: 9724: 9718: 9717: 9708: 9703: 9677: 9666: 9665:External links 9663: 9660: 9659: 9638: 9612: 9591: 9574: 9550: 9535: 9514: 9489: 9471: 9453: 9435: 9413: 9387: 9357: 9348: 9323: 9307: 9295: 9270: 9236: 9204: 9190: 9174: 9141: 9111: 9092: 9065: 9038: 9023: 9003: 8978: 8949: 8934: 8912: 8885: 8870: 8840: 8811: 8786: 8771: 8756: 8744: 8723: 8704: 8685: 8666: 8647: 8628: 8607: 8585: 8558: 8535: 8520: 8513: 8495: 8488: 8470: 8454: 8438: 8406: 8380: 8371: 8358: 8343: 8330: 8323: 8305: 8298: 8280: 8264: 8245: 8236: 8227: 8216:on 31 May 2004 8197: 8182: 8167: 8160: 8139: 8126: 8085: 8070: 8043: 8028: 8013: 7998: 7987:. 9 April 2022 7972: 7947: 7922: 7907: 7893: 7873: 7847: 7821: 7799: 7777: 7745: 7734:on 18 May 2021 7715: 7708: 7690:Payne, Malcolm 7681: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7650: 7649: 7620: 7611: 7598: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7569: 7568: 7559: 7554: 7547: 7546: 7530: 7527: 7526: 7525: 7519: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7500: 7498: 7492: 7485: 7483: 7474: 7467: 7465: 7452: 7445: 7443: 7437: 7430: 7428: 7422: 7415: 7413: 7407: 7400: 7398: 7393: 7386: 7384: 7373: 7366: 7364: 7358: 7351: 7349: 7343: 7336: 7334: 7321: 7314: 7310: 7307: 7153: 7150: 7140: 7137: 7125:Condor Ferries 7080: 7077: 7021:LGV Atlantique 6995:off Saint-Malo 6981: 6978: 6925: 6922: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6586: 6583: 6569:Upper Brittany 6559:is related to 6557:Boule bretonne 6553:folk wrestling 6519:Thomas Coville 6495:îles de Glénan 6428:Tour de France 6374: 6373: 6324: 6322: 6315: 6309: 6306: 6300:meetings (See 6248:Celtic nations 6185: 6182: 6042:Paolo Veronese 5998:Albrecht Dürer 5950: 5947: 5922:Arthur Bernède 5882:Victor Segalen 5871:Pierre Abélard 5747:is said to be 5704: 5701: 5695:. Their song, 5450: 5447: 5403:Academic style 5345:Francis Renaud 5333:Jeanne Malivel 5282: 5279: 5184:Gothic Revival 5172:Upper Brittany 5164:Lower Brittany 5105:Lower Brittany 5075:Upper Brittany 4898:come from the 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4752:Lower Brittany 4697: 4696: 4686: 4676: 4666: 4656: 4646: 4636: 4629:Paol Aoreliann 4606:Lower Brittany 4593: 4590: 4559:Upper Brittany 4525:Gallo language 4523:Main article: 4520: 4517: 4502: 4501: 4486: 4475: 4369:Main article: 4366: 4363: 4355:Scots language 4300:Main article: 4294:Upper Brittany 4290:Lower Brittany 4282: 4279: 4245: 4242: 4069: 4066: 4047: 4044: 4027:GDP per capita 3974:has plants in 3882: 3879: 3814: 3811: 3779: 3776: 3689: 3686: 3645:, and for the 3525:basking sharks 3435: 3432: 3399: 3396: 3384:Eurasian Plate 3277: 3274: 3088: 3085: 3028: 3025: 2982:Upper Brittany 2939:Main article: 2936: 2933: 2799: 2796: 2757:Upper Brittany 2668: 2667:Capital cities 2665: 2653: 2652: 2651: 2650: 2632: 2614: 2595: 2581:Pays vannetais 2574:Lower Brittany 2571: 2570: 2569: 2550: 2532: 2514: 2496: 2475:Upper Brittany 2463:Upper Brittany 2453:Lower Brittany 2435: 2432: 2420: 2417: 2323:Celtic Revival 2300:Third Republic 2141: 2138: 2121: 2118: 2105: 2102: 1980:Main article: 1977: 1974: 1912:foreign policy 1895: 1892: 1875: 1872: 1849:Main article: 1846: 1843: 1818: 1815: 1780:evangelisation 1724:Main article: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1709:Saint Judicaël 1665:petty kingdoms 1630: 1627: 1575: 1572: 1563:Attila the Hun 1559:Flavius Aetius 1554: 1551: 1547:Magnus Maximus 1543:Conan Meriadoc 1538: 1535: 1506: 1503: 1385:Roman Republic 1354:Main article: 1351: 1348: 1282: 1281: 1253: 1177: 1153: 1121: 1080: 1077: 979: 976: 971:Main article: 968: 965: 928:[brɛχ] 734: 731: 717:that reflects 711:Celtic nations 666:in the north, 645:(13,136 sq mi) 641:Atlantic Ocean 623:to the north, 466: 465: 458: 454: 453: 443: 439: 438: 428: 424: 423: 414: 406: 405: 402: 396: 395: 389: 379: 378: 372: 366: 365: 360: 354: 353: 350: 346: 345: 341: 340: 337: 333: 332: 328: 327: 325: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 270: 269: 268: 266: 262: 261: 256: 250: 249: 242:48.000; -3.000 215: 214: 206: 205: 184: 175: 174: 149: 145: 144: 138: 132: 126: 120: 119: 118: 115: 114: 106: 105: 100: 97: 96: 56: 53: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12749: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12723: 12720: 12719: 12717: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12693: 12691: 12687: 12681: 12678: 12677: 12675: 12673:North America 12671: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12636: 12634: 12630: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12549: 12546: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12536: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12525: 12523: 12519: 12514: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12448:Bellah people 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12435: 12433: 12429: 12425: 12417: 12412: 12410: 12405: 12403: 12398: 12397: 12394: 12382: 12379: 12375: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12322: 12321: 12319: 12315: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12180: 12178: 12174: 12169: 12159: 12158:Trois-Évêchés 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12103:Lower Navarre 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12068:Île-de-France 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12048:Franche-Comté 12046: 12044: 12041: 12039: 12036: 12034: 12031: 12029: 12026: 12024: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12014: 12011: 12009: 12006: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11965: 11963: 11959: 11955: 11951: 11946: 11937: 11932: 11930: 11925: 11923: 11918: 11917: 11914: 11901: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11891: 11888: 11878: 11877:– in Portugal 11875: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11857:– in Galician 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11834: 11831: 11824: 11820: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11766: 11764: 11762: 11758: 11752: 11749: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11737: 11735: 11733: 11729: 11725: 11721: 11716: 11712: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11675: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11605: 11603: 11601: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11588: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11568: 11566: 11564: 11560: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11540: 11538: 11536: 11532: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11512: 11510: 11508: 11504: 11500: 11495: 11491: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11455:Celtic League 11453: 11452: 11450: 11448: 11447:Pan-Celticism 11444: 11438: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11415: 11413: 11409: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11389: 11387: 11383: 11375: 11372: 11371: 11370: 11367: 11363: 11360: 11359: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11336: 11333: 11332: 11331: 11328: 11324: 11323:reunification 11321: 11319: 11316: 11315: 11314: 11311: 11310: 11308: 11304: 11297: 11293: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11238: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11213: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11196: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11186: 11184: 11180: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11142: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11111: 11108: 11107: 11106: 11103: 11102: 11100: 11098: 11094: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11055: 11053: 11049: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11004: 11002: 11000: 10996: 10990: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10981: 10979: 10975: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10944: 10938: 10937:Triple spiral 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10881: 10878: 10877: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10867: 10865: 10863: 10859: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10824: 10822: 10818: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10756:Bardic Poetry 10754: 10752: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10744: 10740: 10736: 10729: 10725: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10693: 10691: 10687: 10679: 10674: 10671: 10667: 10662: 10659: 10655: 10650: 10647: 10643: 10638: 10635: 10631: 10626: 10623: 10619: 10614: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10604:Celtic League 10601: 10598: 10596: 10592: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10575: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10562: 10559: 10558: 10557: 10554: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10544:Celtic League 10542: 10540: 10537: 10536: 10535: 10534:Pan-Celticism 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10521: 10518: 10514: 10509: 10505: 10495: 10492: 10489: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10434:Gaelicisation 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10409:Celticisation 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10381: 10379: 10375: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10340: 10338: 10334: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10279: 10277: 10273: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10236: 10232: 10229: 10228: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10218: 10217:Iron Age Gaul 10215: 10213: 10209: 10205: 10201: 10200:Roman Britain 10197: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10175: 10173: 10169: 10165: 10160: 10156: 10151: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10056:Irish Mexican 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9988: 9986: 9982: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9951: 9941: 9937: 9936: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9918: 9917: 9914: 9913: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9893: 9891: 9889: 9885: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9797: 9793: 9789: 9785: 9781: 9780:Celtic tribes 9777: 9773: 9769: 9765: 9760: 9756: 9752: 9745: 9740: 9738: 9733: 9731: 9726: 9725: 9722: 9716: 9714: 9711:The official 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9698: 9693: 9689: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9672: 9669: 9668: 9648: 9642: 9626: 9622: 9616: 9601: 9595: 9588: 9584: 9578: 9571: 9570:2-911447-72-7 9567: 9563: 9559: 9554: 9546: 9539: 9524: 9518: 9503: 9499: 9493: 9485: 9481: 9475: 9467: 9463: 9457: 9449: 9445: 9439: 9423: 9417: 9401: 9397: 9391: 9375: 9371: 9367: 9361: 9352: 9341: 9334: 9327: 9320: 9316: 9311: 9304: 9299: 9288: 9281: 9278:INSEE (ed.). 9274: 9263: 9256: 9249: 9247: 9245: 9243: 9241: 9221: 9214: 9208: 9202: 9194: 9187: 9183: 9182:Fañch Broudic 9178: 9159: 9152: 9145: 9138: 9136: 9131: 9127: 9124: 9118: 9116: 9107: 9103: 9096: 9080: 9076: 9073:INSEE (ed.). 9069: 9053: 9049: 9042: 9034: 9027: 9021: 9017: 9012: 9010: 9008: 8992: 8989:(in French). 8988: 8982: 8975: 8963: 8959: 8953: 8945: 8938: 8922: 8916: 8900: 8896: 8889: 8881: 8874: 8858: 8854: 8847: 8845: 8828: 8824: 8818: 8816: 8800: 8797:(in French). 8796: 8790: 8782: 8775: 8768: 8767:Diwan FAQ, #6 8760: 8754:at breizh.net 8753: 8748: 8741: 8740: 8736: 8733: 8727: 8719: 8715: 8708: 8700: 8696: 8689: 8681: 8677: 8670: 8662: 8658: 8651: 8643: 8639: 8632: 8617: 8611: 8603: 8599: 8592: 8590: 8573: 8569: 8562: 8554: 8550: 8546: 8539: 8531: 8524: 8516: 8510: 8506: 8499: 8491: 8489:2-7373-1516-6 8485: 8481: 8474: 8467: 8465: 8464:Ar Seiz Breur 8461:J. R. Rotté, 8458: 8450: 8449: 8442: 8423: 8416: 8410: 8394: 8390: 8384: 8375: 8368: 8362: 8354: 8347: 8340: 8334: 8326: 8324:2-02-054890-9 8320: 8316: 8309: 8301: 8299:2-9510310-3-3 8295: 8291: 8284: 8277: 8273: 8272:Léon Fleuriot 8268: 8261: 8255: 8249: 8240: 8231: 8215: 8211: 8204: 8202: 8194:. p. 75. 8193: 8186: 8178: 8171: 8163: 8161:2-7028-6261-6 8157: 8153: 8146: 8144: 8136: 8133:Mark Patton, 8130: 8122: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8089: 8081: 8074: 8058: 8054: 8047: 8039: 8032: 8024: 8017: 8010:. p. 34. 8009: 8002: 7986: 7982: 7976: 7961: 7957: 7951: 7936: 7932: 7926: 7918: 7911: 7896: 7890: 7886: 7885: 7877: 7861: 7857: 7851: 7835: 7831: 7825: 7809: 7803: 7787: 7781: 7765: 7761: 7760:The Telegraph 7756: 7749: 7733: 7729: 7725: 7719: 7711: 7705: 7701: 7697: 7696: 7691: 7685: 7677: 7673: 7667: 7665: 7660: 7647: 7643: 7642:Fontainebleau 7639: 7635: 7631: 7624: 7615: 7608: 7602: 7595: 7591: 7587: 7581: 7577: 7567: 7564:in French as 7563: 7562:Great Britain 7560: 7558: 7555: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7544: 7543:France portal 7533: 7523: 7516: 7511: 7504: 7499: 7496: 7489: 7484: 7481: 7477: 7471: 7466: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7449: 7444: 7441: 7440:Saint-Mathieu 7434: 7429: 7426: 7419: 7414: 7410: 7404: 7399: 7396: 7390: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7370: 7365: 7362: 7355: 7350: 7347: 7340: 7335: 7332: 7328: 7324: 7318: 7313: 7312: 7306: 7304: 7300: 7296: 7295: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7265: 7263: 7259: 7258: 7252: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7234: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7210: 7205: 7201: 7199: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7186:American flag 7183: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7158: 7149: 7145: 7136: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7113:Irish Ferries 7110: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7076: 7074: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6994: 6991: 6986: 6977: 6975: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6935: 6930: 6921: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6910:A84 autoroute 6907: 6906:A81 autoroute 6903: 6899: 6898:A11 autoroute 6895: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6800: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6779: 6774: 6760: 6758: 6754: 6753: 6748: 6747: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6677: 6675: 6671: 6668:known as the 6667: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6628: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6595: 6591: 6582: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6551:, a style of 6550: 6546: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6531:Route du Rhum 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6475: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6455: 6454: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6436:Louison Bobet 6433: 6429: 6424: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6370: 6367: 6359: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6330: 6325:This section 6323: 6319: 6314: 6313: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6278: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6259: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6197: 6196: 6190: 6181: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6162: 6156: 6155: 6149: 6146:, where many 6145: 6144:Saint-Nazaire 6141: 6140: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6109: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6086:Piero Manzoni 6083: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6030:Pablo Picasso 6027: 6023: 6022:Camille Corot 6019: 6018:Auguste Rodin 6015: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5982: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5946: 5944: 5943:Julius Caesar 5940: 5939: 5933: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5918:Jean Guéhenno 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5831: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5810:, founder of 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5796:Erwan Berthou 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5768: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5753:Morgan le Fay 5750: 5749:Merlin's tomb 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5714: 5709: 5700: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5649: 5648:Cécile Corbel 5645: 5644: 5639: 5635: 5633: 5629: 5626: 5622: 5621:Nolwenn Leroy 5618: 5614: 5613:Denez Prigent 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5597:Gilles Servat 5594: 5590: 5584: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5570:rock and roll 5568: 5564: 5560: 5552: 5548: 5547:Nolwenn Leroy 5544: 5540: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5521: 5520:Kan ha diskan 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5487: 5482: 5481: 5473: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5456: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5435:Raymond Wintz 5432: 5431:Paul Sérusier 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5415:Impressionism 5410: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5391: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5364: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5353:Joseph Savina 5350: 5349:Georges Robin 5346: 5342: 5341:Raffig Tullou 5338: 5334: 5330: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5306: 5302: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5278: 5276: 5275:Olier Mordrel 5272: 5271:James Bouillé 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5255:Saint-Nazaire 5252: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5223: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5116: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5099: 5095: 5090: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5065: 5060: 5056: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 5001:Dol Cathedral 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4957:French Gothic 4954: 4949: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4909: 4905: 4904:Carnac stones 4901: 4897: 4896: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4878: 4874: 4860: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4833:Côtes-d'Armor 4830: 4826: 4825: 4821:was the only 4820: 4816: 4812: 4807: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4793: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4776: 4772: 4767: 4763: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4737: 4732: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4694: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4670: 4669:Samsun of Dol 4667: 4664: 4660: 4657: 4654: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4589: 4587: 4582: 4580: 4574: 4572: 4567: 4565: 4560: 4554: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4539:Langues d'oïl 4531: 4526: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4507: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4452: 4450: 4444: 4437: 4420: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4377: 4372: 4362: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4347:Bay of Biscay 4344: 4340: 4336: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4312:mother tongue 4309: 4303: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4278: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4264: 4255: 4250: 4241: 4239: 4235: 4229: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4218:Saint-Nazaire 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4154: 4152: 4151:Côtes-d'Armor 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4075: 4065: 4063: 4059: 4053: 4043: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4015: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3976:Saint-Nazaire 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3956:Saint-Nazaire 3953: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3932: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3913:Saint-Nazaire 3910: 3906: 3898: 3897:Saint-Nazaire 3894: 3893: 3887: 3878: 3876: 3873:, settled in 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3841:in 1995. The 3840: 3836: 3833:in 1971, the 3832: 3829:in 1962, the 3828: 3825:in 1961, the 3824: 3821:in 1919, the 3820: 3810: 3808: 3803: 3801: 3797: 3796:Diwan schools 3792: 3790: 3786: 3775: 3773: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3600: 3598: 3597:European mink 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3579:, shades and 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3511: 3506: 3502: 3500: 3496: 3495:common swifts 3492: 3488: 3487:barn swallows 3484: 3480: 3476: 3475:common murres 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3455: 3449: 3445: 3444:ocean sunfish 3440: 3431: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3420:Monts d'Arrée 3417: 3413: 3410:, similar to 3409: 3405: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3287: 3286:Pointe du Raz 3282: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3262:Monts d'Arrée 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3200:Monts d'Arrée 3197: 3193: 3186: 3185:Monts d'Arrée 3182: 3177: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3116:Bay of Biscay 3113: 3109: 3102: 3098: 3093: 3084: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3068:Côtes-d'Armor 3064: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3033:Saint-Nazaire 3024: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3001: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2935:Reunification 2932: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2854: 2849: 2848: 2843: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2648: 2645: 2644:Côtes-d'Armor 2641: 2637: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2612: 2611:Côtes-d'Armor 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2544:Côtes-d'Armor 2541: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2464: 2459: 2455: 2454: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2430: 2426: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2370:Saint-Nazaire 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2331:pan-Celticism 2328: 2324: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2261:Second Empire 2254: 2250: 2245: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2230:Châteaubriant 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2182:Côtes-d'Armor 2179: 2175: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2150:Côtes-d'Armor 2146: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2120:Breton exodus 2117: 2115: 2111: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2039:Ancien Régime 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1913: 1908: 1906: 1902: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1874:Norman allies 1871: 1869: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1852: 1842: 1840: 1837:was given to 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1775:Pater Patriae 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1655: 1654:Léon Fleuriot 1647: 1642: 1638: 1636: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1478: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1446: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1298:Julius Caesar 1295: 1294:confederation 1291: 1287: 1286:Insular Celts 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1170:Côtes-d'Armor 1167: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1109:Côtes-d'Armor 1106: 1102: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1094: 1085: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1069:Carnac stones 1066: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 989: 988:Carnac stones 984: 974: 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 866: 864: 860: 856: 853:(in English " 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 823: 817: 815: 814: 809: 805: 801: 800:British Isles 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 730: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 707:Breton people 704: 700: 696: 691: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 664:Côtes-d'Armor 662:in the west, 661: 657: 653: 648: 642: 638: 634: 633:Bay of Biscay 630: 626: 622: 618: 617:Great Britain 613: 611: 608:in 1532 as a 607: 603: 600:before being 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 582:cultural area 579: 575: 570: 562: 558: 554: 549: 541: 537: 530: 524: 516: 512: 511: 502: 472: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 444: 440: 436: 432: 429: 425: 421: 420: 415: 411: 403: 401: 400:ISO 3166 code 397: 393: 390: 386: 380: 376: 373: 371: 367: 364: 361: 359: 355: 351: 347: 342: 338: 334: 329: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 292:Saint-Nazaire 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 274: 267: 263: 260: 257: 255: 251: 246: 218:Coordinates: 216: 212: 207: 181: 176: 171: 167: 163: 160: 155: 154: 146: 136: 129: 124: 116: 112: 107: 103: 98: 93: 88: 81: 74: 67: 60: 51: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 12701:West Papuans 12643: 12012: 11894:Celts portal 11852:– in Spanish 11687:Arran Gaelic 11608:Proto-Celtic 11576:Bungi Creole 11475:Celtic unity 11411:Independence 11210: 11193: 11017:Gaelic music 10953:Celtic Dress 10902:High crosses 10892:Celtic cross 10870:Bell shrines 10801:Irish annals 10612: 10583:Neo-Druidism 10578:Celtic Wicca 10549:Celtic union 10513:Modern Celts 10404:Celtic women 10312:Celtic Rites 10261:Transylvania 10238: 10121:Ulster Scots 9991:Anglo-Celtic 9838:Celtiberians 9783: 9775: 9767: 9755:modern Celts 9712: 9685: 9675:(in English) 9650:. Retrieved 9641: 9629:. Retrieved 9625:the original 9615: 9603:. Retrieved 9594: 9586: 9582: 9577: 9561: 9553: 9538: 9526:. Retrieved 9517: 9505:. Retrieved 9501: 9492: 9484:the original 9474: 9466:the original 9456: 9448:the original 9438: 9426:. Retrieved 9416: 9404:. Retrieved 9400:the original 9390: 9378:. Retrieved 9374:the original 9369: 9360: 9355:Hervé_Jaouen 9351: 9326: 9318: 9310: 9302: 9298: 9273: 9262:the original 9227:. Retrieved 9220:the original 9207: 9193: 9185: 9177: 9165:. Retrieved 9158:the original 9144: 9135:Ouest-France 9134: 9106:the original 9095: 9083:. Retrieved 9079:the original 9068: 9056:. Retrieved 9052:the original 9041: 9026: 8994:. Retrieved 8981: 8973: 8966:. Retrieved 8961: 8952: 8937: 8925:. Retrieved 8915: 8903:. Retrieved 8899:the original 8888: 8873: 8861:. Retrieved 8857:the original 8831:. Retrieved 8827:the original 8802:. Retrieved 8789: 8774: 8759: 8747: 8730: 8726: 8718:the original 8707: 8699:the original 8688: 8680:the original 8669: 8661:the original 8650: 8642:the original 8631: 8619:. Retrieved 8610: 8602:the original 8576:. Retrieved 8572:the original 8561: 8553:the original 8548: 8538: 8523: 8504: 8498: 8479: 8473: 8462: 8457: 8447: 8441: 8429:. Retrieved 8422:the original 8409: 8397:. Retrieved 8393:the original 8383: 8374: 8366: 8361: 8346: 8338: 8333: 8314: 8308: 8289: 8283: 8275: 8267: 8259: 8248: 8239: 8230: 8218:. Retrieved 8214:the original 8191: 8185: 8176: 8170: 8151: 8134: 8129: 8102: 8098: 8088: 8079: 8073: 8061:. Retrieved 8057:the original 8046: 8037: 8031: 8022: 8016: 8007: 8001: 7989:. Retrieved 7984: 7975: 7963:. Retrieved 7959: 7950: 7938:. Retrieved 7934: 7925: 7916: 7910: 7898:. Retrieved 7883: 7876: 7864:. Retrieved 7860:the original 7850: 7838:. Retrieved 7834:the original 7824: 7812:. Retrieved 7802: 7790:. Retrieved 7780: 7768:. Retrieved 7759: 7748: 7736:. Retrieved 7732:the original 7727: 7718: 7694: 7684: 7675: 7623: 7614: 7601: 7580: 7565: 7495:Batz-sur-Mer 7475: 7453: 7379: 7344:A dolmen in 7292: 7288: 7266: 7262:Welsh anthem 7255: 7253: 7244: 7225:fleur-de-lis 7217:ermine plain 7216: 7214: 7198:Cornish flag 7169: 7163: 7146: 7142: 7082: 7049:TER Bretagne 6998: 6992: 6939: 6892: 6812:Saint-Brieuc 6801: 6782: 6750: 6746:kouign amann 6744: 6743:include the 6721:Saint-Brieuc 6693:beurre blanc 6678: 6661: 6644: 6639: 6630:, a sort of 6625: 6621: 6618:Tri Martolod 6617: 6613: 6599: 6573: 6567:, common in 6564: 6547: 6523:Vincent Riou 6503:Loïck Peyron 6499:Éric Tabarly 6476: 6458: 6451: 6425: 6391: 6383:Roazhon Park 6362: 6353: 6338:Please help 6326: 6279: 6262: 6260: 6201: 6193: 6178:Musée Dobrée 6160: 6153: 6139:Éric Tabarly 6136: 6110: 6014:Paul Gauguin 5994:Parmigianino 5983: 5952: 5936: 5934: 5926:André Breton 5898:Herve Jaouen 5886:Xavier Grall 5878:Alfred Jarry 5863:Ernest Renan 5832: 5808:Roparz Hemon 5783: 5769: 5718: 5682: 5652: 5641: 5638:Yann Tiersen 5636: 5634:from Brest. 5593:Soldat Louis 5578:Gwerz (band) 5559:Alan Stivell 5556: 5551:Alan Stivell 5484: 5478: 5476: 5459:Breton dance 5427:Marc Chagall 5419:Paul Gauguin 5392: 5365: 5298: 5294:Paul Gauguin 5289: 5224: 5128:neoclassical 5117: 5109:parish close 5102: 5068: 5064:Plougoumelen 4950: 4893: 4887: 4881: 4868:Architecture 4837:départements 4836: 4822: 4811:nonreligious 4808: 4803: 4796: 4785: 4779: 4741: 4717:patron saint 4698: 4653:Saint-Brieuc 4611: 4583: 4575: 4568: 4555: 4536: 4514: 4505: 4503: 4497: 4489: 4478: 4468:Cornouillais 4467: 4453: 4445: 4441: 4383:Breton is a 4382: 4361:since 2004. 4332: 4305: 4271: 4268: 4259: 4230: 4186:Saint-Brieuc 4155: 4131:Saint-Brieuc 4092: 4068:Demographics 4061: 4058:The Guardian 4055: 4037: 4016: 4009:and 8.4% in 4000: 3952:Shipbuilding 3948: 3944:Le Guilvinec 3902: 3892:Queen Mary 2 3891: 3861:. After the 3816: 3804: 3793: 3781: 3769: 3755: 3740: 3708: 3663: 3639:Breton horse 3636: 3601: 3555:live on the 3543:, crabs and 3535:, dolphins, 3514: 3510:Breton horse 3456: 3452: 3401: 3369: 3357:Groix island 3353:Metamorphism 3334: 3291: 3231: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3208: 3203: 3189: 3151: 3128: 3105: 3065: 3030: 3002: 2967: 2956: 2902: 2890:Loire Valley 2881: 2874: 2851: 2847:départements 2845: 2839: 2826:départements 2825: 2761: 2686: 2661:départements 2654: 2646: 2635: 2628: 2617: 2598: 2591: 2580: 2553: 2546: 2540:Saint-Brieuc 2535: 2528: 2517: 2510: 2500:Pays rennais 2499: 2492: 2482:Pays nantais 2481: 2461: 2451: 2440:départements 2437: 2394: 2362:Nazi Germany 2351: 2320: 2296:Francization 2289: 2258: 2218:shipbuilding 2210: 2171: 2123: 2107: 2066:Saint-Brieuc 2051: 1996: 1963: 1936: 1917: 1909: 1897: 1877: 1865: 1863:of England. 1854: 1820: 1784: 1773: 1755: 1651: 1632: 1600: 1577: 1556: 1540: 1508: 1472: 1449: 1441: 1395:), Vorgium ( 1370: 1341: 1337: 1330:pays de Caux 1302:Curiosolitae 1283: 1263: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1221: 1213: 1209: 1201: 1191: 1184: 1163: 1137: 1131: 1117:départements 1115: 1101:Curiosolitae 1090: 1062: 1041: 1027:. After the 1013:Homo sapiens 1011: 999:Neanderthals 992: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 922: 900: 896: 894: 889: 885: 867: 862: 850: 846: 820: 818: 812: 807: 803: 769: 762: 758: 754: 753:equivalents 738: 736: 713:, retaining 692: 649: 614: 560: 556: 470: 469: 461: 449: 434: 417: 317:Saint-Brieuc 165: 161: 158: 151: 139:Coat of arms 44: 12538:Balochistan 12443:Barotseland 12372: [ 12359:Sarrewerden 12339:Montbéliard 12008:Bourbonnais 11809:Trimarcisia 11794:Gallóglaigh 11623:Celtiberian 11347:Isle of Man 11306:Nationalism 11195:Bataireacht 11114:Calan Gaeaf 11073:Isle of Man 10917:Leaf-crowns 10907:Insular art 10880:Dragonesque 10842:Isle of Man 10696:Nova Scotia 10649:Isle of Man 10573:Neopaganism 10322:Monasticism 9833:Caledonians 9680:‹ The 9652:30 December 9631:30 December 9605:30 December 9528:30 December 9198:(in French) 8996:11 December 8764:(in French) 8621:30 December 8578:28 February 8399:26 February 8220:26 February 7985:Le Monde.fr 7940:16 February 7792:11 December 7644:and to the 7522:Ploumanac'h 7327:Brocéliande 7170:Gwenn ha Du 7164:The modern 6993:MS Bretagne 6699:, close to 6676:dumplings. 6670:kig ha farz 6507:Jean Le Cam 6460:Rugby Union 6111:Museums in 6066:Paul Signac 5894:Irène Frain 5890:Jean Rouaud 5859:Jules Verne 5804:King Arthur 5792:neo-Druidic 5733:Brocéliande 5725:King Arthur 5678:world music 5666:avant-garde 5605:Dan Ar Braz 5581: [ 5563:Celtic harp 5516:Celtic harp 5512:French Navy 5508:Lann-Bihoué 5469:Lann-Bihoué 5423:Paul Signac 5384:Orientalism 5361:Jean Fréour 5337:Xavier Haas 5301:Catholicism 5235:Art Nouveau 5231:historicist 5200:lighthouses 5188:Eclecticism 5140:ship-owners 5130:buildings. 4824:département 4784:called the 4769:A sculpted 4738:, Finistère 4413:bourgeoisie 4409:Middle Ages 4226:département 4184:46,097 and 4137:. In 2017, 4039:département 3998:and Brest. 3917:green beans 3845:, based in 3772:Jules Ferry 3643:draft horse 3370:During the 3361:glaucophane 3252:, like the 3238:Brocéliande 3227:Middle Ages 3225:during the 3183:around the 2907:formed the 2882:département 2840:During the 2655:During the 2647:département 2629:département 2599:Cornouaille 2592:département 2547:département 2529:département 2518:Pays de Dol 2511:département 2493:département 2267:during the 2265:Camp Conlie 2206:Chouannerie 2178:departments 2054:Netherlands 2043:royal court 2001:, the Duke 1762:Cornouaille 1749:during the 1715:Middle Ages 1677:Cornouaille 1373:Gallic Wars 1371:During the 1265:département 1214:département 1210:département 1193:département 1165:département 1133:département 1091:During the 1064:département 1025:Magdalenian 955:script, or 719:its history 596:and then a 240: / 159:Historical: 12716:Categories 12573:Khuzestani 12568:Khmer Krom 12488:Somaliland 12438:Afrikaners 12303:Vermandois 12193:Beaujolais 12143:Roussillon 11872:– in Italy 11774:Ceathairne 11638:Gallaecian 11268:Road bowls 11173:Eisteddfod 11141:Calan Awst 11137:Lughnasadh 10743:Literature 10606:definition 10429:Clan chief 10221:Roman Gaul 10212:Hen Ogledd 9938:including 9920:including 9380:5 December 9370:www.gaa.ie 8254:"Brittany" 8105:. p. 117. 7991:18 October 7965:18 October 7738:6 November 7655:References 7630:Penthièvre 7411:lighthouse 7409:Île Vierge 7376:Saint-Malo 7374:Castle of 7346:Plouharnel 7269:triskelion 7190:Red Ensign 7129:Saint-Malo 7101:Saint-Malo 7097:Portsmouth 7037:Strasbourg 7009:Le Croisic 6918:toll roads 6876:Saint-Malo 6864:Châteaulin 6797:toll roads 6666:pot-au-feu 6662:lait ribot 6658:buttermilk 6636:eau de vie 6527:Marc Pajot 6487:Concarneau 6440:Jean Robic 6405:FC Lorient 6294:Douarnenez 6275:Concarneau 6208:Saint-Malo 6135:, and the 6121:Douarnenez 6113:Saint-Malo 6038:Peter Lely 5961:and local 5959:Prehistory 5914:Paul Féval 5504:pipe bands 5368:needlework 5324:Seiz Breur 5220:Île Vierge 5212:La Vieille 5156:Port-Louis 5144:Saint-Malo 4977:Saint-Malo 4973:Concarneau 4953:Romanesque 4884:megalithic 4787:Tro Breizh 4782:pilgrimage 4721:Saint Anne 4705:Columbanus 4689:Kaourintin 4663:Saint-Malo 4618:Roman Gaul 4600:Sculpted " 4490:Trégorrois 4198:Concarneau 4182:Saint-Malo 4135:Saint-Malo 4072:See also: 4050:See also: 3921:artichokes 3919:, onions, 3875:Coëtquidan 3728:Francis II 3692:See also: 3565:anglerfish 3529:grey seals 3499:partridges 3467:razorbills 3459:cormorants 3372:Quaternary 3141:is a vast 3124:Iroise Sea 3049:the Greens 2802:See also: 2558:Saint-Malo 2423:See also: 2382:Saint-Malo 2335:Seiz Breur 2284:Saint-Malo 2282:attack on 2226:metallurgy 2098:Colbertism 2074:Saint-Malo 2003:Francis II 1884:Alan Rufus 1561:to combat 1079:Gallic era 1056:stone rows 1048:Quelfénnec 1023:or to the 1017:industries 868:After the 808:*kʷritanoi 637:Celtic Sea 565:pronounced 544:pronounced 519:pronounced 513:; French: 460:Brittany ( 344:Population 312:Saint-Malo 12649:Catalonia 12354:Salm-Salm 12228:Couserans 12223:Comminges 12213:Cambrésis 12148:Saintonge 12118:Orléanais 12108:Nivernais 12073:Languedoc 12023:Champagne 11973:Angoumois 11804:Redshanks 11779:Ceithearn 11507:Brittonic 11499:Languages 11132:Calan Mai 11123:Gŵyl Fair 11097:Festivals 10912:Interlace 10336:Mythology 10244:Gallaecia 9858:Galatians 9123:Résultats 8317:. Seuil. 8121:1854-2492 7551:Brigantes 7041:Marseille 6793:motorways 6778:Tréveneuc 6763:Transport 6723:, BN and 6717:Pont-Aven 6674:buckwheat 6654:buckwheat 6600:Although 6483:Pornichet 6413:Vannes OC 6397:FC Nantes 6356:June 2021 6327:does not 6298:tall ship 6290:Utopiales 6195:Götheborg 6184:Festivals 6154:Normandie 6098:Pont-Aven 6078:Max Ernst 6002:Rembrandt 5963:megaliths 5874:Max Jacob 5824:Pêr Denez 5683:In 2022, 5533:quadrille 5525:passepied 5399:Pont-Aven 5281:Fine arts 5216:La Jument 5160:longhouse 5152:Le Palais 5096:villa in 4961:sandstone 4923:Mane Braz 4845:Finistère 4756:feast day 4602:calvaries 4506:Vannetais 4498:KLT group 4492:, around 4481:, around 4470:, around 4460:continuum 4275:left-wing 4168:140,064, 4143:Finistère 4017:In 2018, 3890:RMS 3800:immersion 3688:Education 3659:Armorican 3626:, foxes, 3624:wild boar 3541:jellyfish 3537:porpoises 3491:woodcocks 3483:pheasants 3388:fractures 3330:limestone 3326:sandstone 3320:, mostly 3246:moorlands 3242:heathland 3204:Roc'h Ruz 3147:Belle Île 3108:peninsula 3101:Trégastel 3072:Finistère 2957:When the 2866:electoral 2638:, around 2626:Finistère 2620:, around 2607:Finistère 2601:, around 2583:, around 2556:, around 2538:, around 2520:, around 2502:, around 2484:, around 2249:Fouesnant 2186:Finistère 2154:Finistère 2031:Francis I 2027:Louis XII 2017:besieged 1955:Castillon 1861:Æthelstan 1701:Vannetais 1658:Brythonic 1646:Brythonic 1603:Anthemius 1580:Riothamus 1574:Riothamus 1525:) on the 1417:grid plan 1413:civitates 1338:Lemovices 1322:Lemovices 1161:Finistère 945:Breton zh 886:Britannia 847:aremorica 771:Britannia 737:The word 733:Etymology 660:Finistère 604:with the 574:peninsula 450:Brezhoneg 370:Time zone 352:4,829,968 178:Anthem: " 12722:Brittany 12644:Brittany 12639:Abkhazia 12503:Zambesia 12344:Mulhouse 12324:Créhange 12308:Vivarais 12293:Valromey 12283:Rouergue 12273:Ponthieu 12268:Périgord 12263:Nébouzan 12248:Gévaudan 12243:Gâtinais 12218:Cévennes 12188:Armagnac 12153:Touraine 12138:Provence 12113:Normandy 12088:Lyonnais 12078:Limousin 12038:Flanders 12033:Dauphiné 12018:Burgundy 12013:Brittany 11993:Auvergne 11789:Gaesatae 11680:dialects 11643:Lepontic 11633:Galatian 11535:Goidelic 11385:Autonomy 11300:Politics 11253:Rounders 11105:Calendar 11078:Scotland 11063:Cornwall 11058:Brittany 10946:Clothing 10897:Knotwork 10875:Brooches 10847:Scotland 10832:Cornwall 10827:Brittany 10706:Y Wladfa 10661:Scotland 10625:Cornwall 10613:Brittany 10464:Seanchaí 10459:Tanistry 10419:Derbfine 10348:Scottish 10239:Brittany 10235:Domnonée 10231:Armorica 10226:Britonia 10208:Dumnonia 10183:Dálriata 9868:Lepontii 9863:Helvetii 9848:Gallaeci 9697:Brittany 9682:template 9507:24 March 9340:Archived 9287:Archived 9184:, 2009. 9126:Archived 8968:13 April 8962:Guardian 8833:23 March 8735:Archived 8063:25 April 7764:Archived 7674:(2013). 7529:See also 7361:Guérande 7331:Paimpont 7329:forest, 7301:for the 7285:Bigouden 7281:galettes 7221:John III 7194:Kroaz Du 7117:Rosslare 7089:Plymouth 6888:Bordeaux 6824:Normandy 6741:pastries 6705:Guérande 6689:cotriade 6650:galettes 6627:chouchen 6602:Muscadet 6594:Galettes 6561:pétanque 6493:and the 6415:and the 6393:Football 6232:Hellfest 6159:SS 6152:SS 5971:Penmarch 5784:Al Liamm 5664:and the 5632:Matmatah 5589:Tri Yann 5567:American 5539:dances. 5527:and the 5496:bombards 5492:bagpipes 5480:fest-noz 5388:Art Deco 5312:ex-votos 5308:retables 5247:La Baule 5239:Art Deco 5196:Romantic 5120:seaports 5094:Art Deco 5051:and the 5035:and the 5007:and the 4985:Fougères 4969:Guérande 4930:Gavrinis 4928:and the 4908:Barnenez 4819:Morbihan 4775:Ploudiry 4736:Locronan 4643:Tréguier 4614:Catholic 4592:Religion 4564:prestige 4547:Frankish 4494:Tréguier 4417:nobility 4401:Armorica 4254:Bigouden 4190:communes 4180:53,352, 4176:57,149, 4172:62,985, 4147:Morbihan 4111:Morbihan 4031:European 3925:muscadet 3857:and the 3757:Napoleon 3716:Poitiers 3680:and the 3620:roe deer 3610:and the 3581:lampreys 3561:rattails 3545:lobsters 3517:Cornwall 3448:Penmarch 3412:Cornwall 3382:and the 3343:and the 3341:Pyrenees 3302:Fougères 3298:Guingamp 3264:and the 3198:and the 3170:Normandy 3166:Couesnon 3160:and the 3158:Normandy 3076:Morbihan 3041:Tréguier 2880:and its 2862:communes 2794:region. 2753:Guérande 2741:Fougères 2713:Guérande 2697:Ploërmel 2640:Tréguier 2589:Morbihan 2566:Morbihan 2444:dioceses 2403:and the 2341:and the 2234:Lochrist 2222:Fougères 2202:royalist 2198:Morbihan 2166:Morbihan 2078:corsairs 1957:and the 1951:Formigny 1932:Montfort 1827:Normandy 1809:and the 1799:Normandy 1793:against 1785:His son 1758:Domnonea 1689:Caerleon 1681:Cornwall 1669:Domnonée 1623:Domnonia 1619:Burgundy 1611:Arvandus 1588:Jordanes 1531:Armorica 1523:Cornwall 1517:(modern 1515:Domnonée 1498:Domnonée 1494:Domnonia 1475:Bagaudae 1456:Alamanni 1433:aqueduct 1425:basilica 1356:Armorica 1334:Limousin 1326:Cotentin 1261:Morbihan 1250:Riedones 1242:Riedones 1234:Riedones 1185:Rhedones 1174:Morbihan 1125:Namnetes 1113:Morbihan 1060:Morbihan 949:Bertaèyn 890:Armorica 822:Armorica 804:*Pritanī 796:Massalia 763:Bertaèyn 755:Bretagne 739:Brittany 672:Morbihan 639:and the 625:Normandy 610:province 590:Armorica 557:Bertaèyn 515:Bretagne 471:Brittany 442:Language 435:Breizhiz 419:Breizhad 416:Breton ( 170:de facto 59:Bretagne 54:Brittany 12689:Oceania 12659:Lezghin 12583:Nagalim 12578:Madhesh 12533:Assyria 12463:Kabylia 12458:Haratin 12258:Labourd 12198:Bigorre 12183:Agenais 12128:Picardy 12063:Hainaut 12058:Guyenne 12053:Gascony 12028:Corsica 11842:Deities 11799:Hobelar 11761:Warfare 11724:Warfare 11658:Pictish 11653:Cumbric 11628:Gaulish 11600:Extinct 11520:Cornish 11318:history 11263:Hurling 11237:Ladies' 11228:Curling 11201:Camogie 11128:Beltane 11110:Samhain 11068:Ireland 10837:Ireland 10732:Culture 10701:England 10637:Ireland 10595:Nations 10494:Coinage 10484:Warfare 10377:Society 10368:Cornish 10358:British 10266:Galatia 10256:Balkans 10164:Studies 9901:Cornish 9896:Bretons 9873:Noricum 9828:Britons 9801:Peoples 9715:website 9684:below ( 9167:1 March 9058:1 March 8927:2 April 8905:1 March 8863:1 March 8804:1 April 8468:, 1987. 7788:. INSEE 7770:29 June 7607:Gratian 7586:Galicia 7480:Paimpol 7462:Quimper 7309:Gallery 7277:dolmens 7273:menhirs 7237:John IV 7152:Symbols 7139:Cycling 7121:Roscoff 7105:Roscoff 7093:Roscoff 7065:Paimpol 7061:Roscoff 7057:Carhaix 6974:Lannion 6970:Quimper 6934:Morlaix 6860:Carhaix 6856:Loudéac 6844:Quimper 6840:Lorient 6816:Morlaix 6713:Lorient 6709:Quimper 6685:oysters 6681:mussels 6660:called 6638:called 6585:Cuisine 6491:Lorient 6348:removed 6333:sources 6267:Quimper 6236:Clisson 6216:Carhaix 6129:Lorient 6117:Lorient 6094:Quimper 5949:Museums 5938:Asterix 5828:Meavenn 5820:Glenmor 5812:Gwalarn 5780:Gwalarn 5668:singer 5658:Electro 5628:Hip hop 5601:Glenmor 5529:gavotte 5405:of the 5372:faience 5316:box-bed 5305:baroque 5263:Lorient 5251:Bénodet 5192:Clisson 5124:baroque 5098:Bénodet 4965:granite 4938:Corseul 4926:tumulus 4863:Culture 4754:on the 4744:Pardons 4693:Quimper 4543:Gaulish 4479:Léonard 4472:Quimper 4393:Cornish 4345:on the 4341:to the 4337:on the 4202:Morlaix 4174:Lorient 4170:Quimper 4127:Lorient 4046:Tourism 3996:Lannion 3984:Peugeot 3964:Lorient 3905:Lorient 3881:Economy 3674:linaria 3585:beavers 3424:Lorient 3398:Climate 3392:aquifer 3380:African 3365:epidote 3314:fossils 3310:granite 3276:Geology 3250:marshes 3192:Mayenne 3099:around 3037:Lorient 2929:council 2858:cantons 2836:region. 2603:Quimper 2411:or the 2374:Lorient 2345:of the 2286:in 1942 2255:in 1792 2253:Quimper 2070:Lorient 2035:gabelle 1999:Mad War 1966:Mad War 1823:Vikings 1787:Erispoe 1770:Nominoe 1766:Broërec 1736:Nominoe 1615:Avallon 1607:Bourges 1565:at the 1511:Britons 1437:Carhaix 1435:, like 1429:thermae 1409:Corseul 1397:Carhaix 1366:Corseul 1343:Lexovii 1318:Caletes 1310:Osismii 1306:Redones 1246:Redones 1238:Redones 1202:Roazhon 1181:Redones 1157:Osismii 1105:Corseul 1003:hearths 967:History 957:Bertègn 939:and an 878:Cornish 876:, many 872:of the 855:Litavis 851:Letauia 839:Garonne 792:Pytheas 776:Britons 572:) is a 561:Bertègn 457:Country 431:Bretons 363:Bretons 358:Demonym 322:Lannion 302:Lorient 297:Quimper 254:Country 225:48°00′N 153:de jure 12632:Europe 12613:Taiwan 12498:Yoruba 12468:Ogaden 12453:Biafra 12431:Africa 12278:Quercy 12233:Dombes 12203:Bresse 12133:Poitou 12123:Perche 12098:Marche 11983:Artois 11968:Alsace 11954:France 11837:Tribes 11784:Fianna 11571:Shelta 11515:Breton 11335:status 11273:Shinty 11248:Gouren 11212:Cnapan 11206:Cammag 11119:Imbolc 11042:Carnyx 10968:Tartan 10887:Carnyx 10654:Mannin 10630:Kernow 10618:Breizh 10488:Gaelic 10444:Fáinne 10389:Brehon 10363:Breton 10317:Druids 10171:Places 9878:Volcae 9823:Belgae 9784:· 9782: 9776:· 9774: 9768:· 9766: 9701:Curlie 9687:Curlie 9568: 9229:28 May 9085:7 July 8511: 8486: 8321: 8296: 8158: 8119: 7891: 7706: 7698:. 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