499:
813:
137:
302:
902:
33:
581:
167:
1296:
1292:
312:
represented a possible alternative to deployment of UHF converters as broadcasts could be frequency-shifted to VHF channels at the cable head-end instead of the final viewing location. However, most cable systems could not accommodate the full 54-to-890 MHz VHF/UHF frequency range and the twelve
993:
announced plans to consider the adoption of energy efficiency standards for set-top boxes. In
November 2011, the National Cable & Telecommunications Association announced a new energy efficiency initiative that commits the largest American cable operators to the purchase of set-top boxes that
526:, and e-government. By integrating varying delivery streams, hybrids (sometimes known as "TV-centric") enable pay-TV operators more flexible application deployment, which decreases the cost of launching new services, increases speed to market, and limits disruption for consumers.
844:. Additionally, newer set-top boxes that sit at the edge of IP-based distribution networks are often called net-top boxes or NTBs, to differentiate between IP and RF inputs. The Roku LT is around the size of a pack of cards and delivers Smart TV to conventional sets.
938:
signals in more modern pay-TV schemes requires that decoding take place before the digital-to-analogue conversion step, rendering the video outputs of an analogue SCART connector no longer suitable for interconnection to decryption hardware. Standards such as
239:, or other possibilities. Satellite and microwave-based services also require specific external receiver hardware, so the use of set-top boxes of various formats has never completely disappeared. Set-top boxes can also enhance source signal quality.
350:
set to receive analogue encrypted cable channels and was a prototype topology for later date digital encryption devices. Newer televisions were then converted to be analogue cypher cable-ready, with the standard converter built-in for selling
320:
These frequencies corresponded to non-television services (such as two-way radio) over the air and were therefore not on standard TV receivers. Before cable-ready TV sets became common in the late 1980s, an electronic tuning device called a
696:
This feature allows the user to choose preferred channels, making them easier and quicker to access; this is handy with the wide range of digital channels on offer. The concept of favourite channels is superficially similar to that of the
279:), a set-top box known as a UHF converter would be installed at the receiver to shift a portion of the UHF-TV spectrum onto low-VHF channels for viewing. As some 1960s-era 12-channel TV sets remained in use for many years, and
313:
channels of VHF space were quickly exhausted on most systems. Adding any additional channels therefore needed to be done by inserting the extra signals into cable systems on nonstandard frequencies, typically either below VHF
713:
allows the user to program and enable the box to switch between channels at certain times: this is handy to record from more than one channel while the user is out. The user still needs to program the VCR or DVD recorder.
743:
can also control some basic functions of various brands of TVs. This allows the user to use just one remote to turn the TV on and off, adjust volume, or switch between digital and analogue TV channels or between
851:
boxes (traditionally considered to be "set-top boxes") and storage devices (such as VCR, DVD, or disc-based PVR units) is also blurred by the increasing deployment of satellite and cable tuner boxes with
836:, set-top boxes are now deeper in profile than the tops of most modern TV sets. Because of this, set-top boxes are often placed beneath televisions, and the term set-top box has become something of a
916:
operators in Europe, and in the past was used for connection to teletext equipment before the decoders became built in. The outgoing signal could be of the same nature as the incoming signal, or
1379:
1405:
1461:
1221:
973:, the cost to a cable provider in the United States for a set-top box is between $ 150 for a basic box to $ 250 for a more sophisticated box. In 2016, the average
1245:
386:
premium cable channels according to carrier-controlled access restrictions, and to receive digital cable channels, along with using interactive services like
1454:
510:
programming, enable viewers to access multiple TV delivery methods (including terrestrial, cable, internet, and satellite); like IPTV boxes, they include
287:
were slower than the US to require UHF tuners to be factory-installed in new TVs, a market for these converters continued to exist for much of the 1970s.
772:. Some boxes simply block all channels, while others allow the user to restrict access to chosen channels not suitable for children below certain ages.
457:
1383:
1447:
314:
272:
1409:
680:
and interactive program guides provide users of television, radio, and other media applications with continuously updated menus displaying
1162:
1321:
537:(DTT), satellite, or cable providers, to be brought together with video delivered over the Internet and personal multimedia content.
1184:
1354:
1860:
1921:
1855:
1850:
1185:"ADB Delivers World's First Hybrid, Single-Chip, Advanced Video Coding, High Definition IPTV Set-Top Boxes To TelefĂłnica"
1021:
1213:
498:
375:
compatibility and the ability to drive multiple TV sets, albeit with a somewhat nonstandard channel numbering scheme.
1829:
1242:
1129:
898:
television signal from the set's tuner, and can have the television display the returned processed signal instead.
411:
557:, which enables subscribers to view integrated content whether delivered via satellite, terrestrial, or internet.
1936:
1931:
1865:
769:
745:
534:
449:
128:, or television sets with built-in TV tuners that hence won't require a separate device such as a set-top box.
37:
1095:
1926:
1875:
1753:
959:-like card inserted as part of the digital signal path as their alternative to a tuner-equipped set-top box.
530:
461:
445:
364:
1695:
796:
have developed features comparable to those of set-top boxes, ranging from basic DVR-like functionality to
659:, which involves third-party content over the public Internet not controlled by the local system operator.
117:
1439:
1723:
1270:
768:
allow users over 18 years old to block access to channels that are not appropriate for children, using a
482:
in the professional broadcast audio/video industry. They are designed for more robust field handling and
479:
473:
17:
1819:
1041:
538:
439:
203:
1060:
423:
985:
In June 2011 a report from the
American National Resources Defense Council brought attention to the
1789:
677:
630:
523:
487:
248:
1433:
1895:
990:
199:
155:
113:
1845:
1642:
1115:
141:
1705:
1154:
905:
780:
As complexity and potential programming faults of the set-top box increase, software such as
681:
614:, Wireless (802.11 g,n,ac), or one of the existing wire home networking technologies such as
464:
with deliberately limited capability which would restore signals lost to digital transition.
418:
is detected in the captioning, where the offensive word is also blocked. Some also include a
78:
1916:
1890:
1824:
1657:
1540:
1522:
1031:
1002:
that will use less energy when the set-top box is not being used to watch or record video.
986:
793:
749:
211:
121:
109:
101:. It is designed to be placed alongside or "on top" (hence the name) of a television set.
8:
1593:
1502:
1192:
977:
subscriber paid $ 231 per year to lease their set-top box from a cable service provider.
656:
490:
signals, unlike consumer STBs which usually do not, mostly because of copyright reasons.
453:
430:
may also be built in, though some work on main electricity rather than the video signal.
379:
378:
Newer television receivers greatly reduced the need for external set-top boxes, although
322:
296:
252:
207:
57:
82:
1700:
935:
857:
833:
698:
634:
626:
460:
was completed in 2009 for full-service broadcasters, a federal subsidy was offered for
352:
332:
1072:
1479:
1326:
1111:
969:
868:
821:
812:
761:
684:
or scheduling information for current and upcoming programming. Some guides, such as
596:
595:
networks, the set-top box is a small computer providing two-way communications on an
561:
403:
326:
456:
unable to tune and display the new signal directly. In the United States, where the
1769:
1380:"Cable Boxes and DVRs: Can Appliance Standards Help Tame These Hidden Energy Hogs?"
1347:
944:
685:
649:
599:
550:
329:
309:
191:
105:
41:
912:
This SCART feature had been used for connection to analogue decoding equipment by
1627:
1621:
1470:
1249:
924:
920:
853:
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765:
603:
519:
511:
387:
339:
214:
94:
1322:"How much does a cable box really cost? The industry would prefer you don't ask"
1665:
1603:
931:
740:
728:
710:
406:
on older sets in North
America, before this became a mandated inclusion in new
183:
98:
86:
824:
processes. The firmware update is typically provided by the service provider.
301:
136:
36:
A typical modern set-top box, along with its remote control - pictured here a
1910:
887:
645:
541:(ADB) launched its first hybrid DTT/IPTV set-top box in 2005, which provided
515:
391:
360:
264:
187:
901:
625:
standard, which provides a way to create a high-speed (up to 1 Gbit/s)
542:
1880:
1804:
1710:
1469:
1036:
1026:
607:
483:
356:
336:
159:
144:
927:" over the original signal, due to the "fast switching" feature of SCART.
731:. This is useful should the user lose the remote or if the batteries age.
1870:
1517:
1507:
995:
875:
848:
546:
233:
1133:
930:
In case of analogue pay-TV, this approach avoided the need for a second
1685:
1670:
999:
554:
427:
383:
347:
236:
97:
in a form that can then be displayed on the television screen or other
549:
service by the end of that year. In 2009, ADB provided Europe's first
32:
1794:
1715:
1680:
1588:
1578:
1563:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1016:
952:
789:
785:
688:, also feature backward scrolling to promote their catch-up content.
415:
363:
continued and increased the need for various forms of these devices.
195:
533:(HbbTV) set-top boxes allow traditional TV broadcasts, whether from
1885:
1814:
1809:
1799:
1779:
1728:
1690:
1675:
1616:
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1568:
1061:
https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-C-ED/80s/C-ED-1981-12.pdf
895:
837:
611:
585:
565:
507:
229:
226:
179:
27:
Electronic device to convert a signal to an output for a television
342:(RF) for viewing on a regular TV set on a single channel, usually
1637:
1558:
878:, also fall into the grey area that could invite the term "NTB".
615:
148:
580:
426:. A function that limits children's time watching TV or playing
1743:
1632:
1573:
1512:
1406:"U.S. Cable Industry Launches New Energy Efficiency Initiative"
1011:
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956:
913:
781:
419:
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284:
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166:
125:
90:
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1784:
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917:
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872:
640:
In the US and Europe, telephone companies use IPTV (often on
619:
371:, while less common, was used by some models to provide full
222:
218:
171:
346:
channel 3 or 4. The box allowed an analogue non-cable-ready
1738:
1733:
1611:
948:
734:
641:
622:
592:
151:
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environments. IRDs are capable of outputting uncompressed
359:). Several years later and slowly marketed, the advent of
940:
861:
797:
569:
553:
digital TV platform to Polish digital satellite operator
372:
368:
343:
276:
260:
256:
1434:"What Is a Set Top Box or STB Working and Architecture?"
886:
In Europe, a set-top box does not necessarily contain a
727:
Some models have controls on the box, as well as on the
317:(midband) or directly above VHF channel 13 (superband).
648:
networks) as a means to compete with traditional local
478:
Professional set-top boxes are referred to as IRDs or
890:
of its own. A box connected to a television (or VCR)
217:. Content, in this context, could mean any or all of
452:
after the turn of the millennium left many existing
1107:
820:Almost all modern set-top boxes feature automatic
584:An older model IPTV receiver set-top box built by
140:A consumer Palcom DSL-350 satellite-receiver; the
335:and transpose or convert the selected channel to
1908:
827:
124:. Alternatives to set-top boxes are the smaller
1310:Which? Consumer's Guide; October 2012; page 41
1455:
522:, surveillance, gaming, shopping, TV-centric
506:Hybrid set-top boxes, such as those used for
433:
1243:New global standard for fully networked home
840:, possibly helping the adoption of the term
807:
672:
467:
410:. Some have also been produced to mute the
367:of the entire affected frequency band onto
1462:
1448:
847:The distinction between external tuner or
804:, and housewide music or video playback.
701:" function offered in many web browsers.
122:digital media players ("streaming boxes")
1790:Hauppauge Computer Works WinTV PVR Cards
1395:Environmental and Energy Study Institute
900:
811:
775:
735:Remote controls that work with other TVs
579:
564:has over 8M STBs deployed in the UK for
497:
397:
300:
165:
135:
31:
1473:software, devices, and related articles
1319:
717:
667:
402:Set-top boxes were also made to enable
120:systems, as well as other uses such as
14:
1909:
722:
655:This type of service is distinct from
174:digital satellite receiver set-top box
1861:Comparison of streaming media systems
1443:
545:with the digital TV platform for its
325:was needed to receive the additional
305:An older digital cable TV set-top box
1273:from the original on 1 December 2017
1191:. September 11, 2006. Archived from
131:
1856:Comparison of video player software
1851:Comparison of audio player software
1022:Comparison of digital media players
606:. IP set-top boxes have a built-in
158:is in the center of the board. The
147:tuner is on the bottom left, and a
24:
1369:Natural Resources Defense Council.
816:Set-top box firmware being updated
422:that allows only programs of some
290:
25:
1948:
1830:Comparison of USB tv tuner sticks
1427:
1293:"The Chimera of Software Quality"
998:standards and the development of
867:Devices with the capabilities of
755:
81:device that generally contains a
1299:from the original on 2018-04-28.
1224:from the original on 4 July 2017
1165:from the original on 6 June 2013
1118:from the original on 2013-08-01.
575:
414:(or replace it with noise) when
242:
1866:Digital Living Network Alliance
1398:
1372:
1360:from the original on 2012-02-25
1340:
1313:
1304:
1285:
1255:
462:coupon-eligible converter boxes
85:input and displays output to a
1236:
1206:
1177:
1147:
1122:
1100:
1089:
1065:
1054:
770:personal identification number
450:digital terrestrial television
255:to be able to tune the entire
178:The signal source might be an
13:
1:
1754:Windows Media Center Extender
1320:Lazarus, David (2018-10-30).
1047:
980:
828:Ambiguities in the definition
531:Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV
493:
1106:
691:
629:using existing home wiring (
480:integrated receiver/decoders
118:Internet Protocol television
7:
1922:Cable television technology
1724:Netgear Digital Entertainer
1073:"Definition of set-top box"
1005:
662:
518:TV, Internet applications,
474:Integrated receiver/decoder
206:(BPL), or even an ordinary
10:
1953:
1820:Touchscreen remote control
1042:Over-the-top media service
989:of set-top boxes, and the
894:connector is fed with the
539:Advanced Digital Broadcast
471:
440:Digital television adapter
437:
434:Digital television adapter
424:television content ratings
294:
204:broadband over power lines
104:Set-top boxes are used in
1838:
1762:
1651:
1602:
1549:
1531:
1513:NextPVR (formerly GB-PVR)
1478:
881:
678:Electronic program guides
524:electronic program guides
962:
808:Firmware update features
704:
673:Electronic program guide
488:serial digital interface
468:Professional set-top box
249:All-Channel Receiver Act
991:US Department of Energy
602:and decoding the video
572:service for Top Up TV.
382:continue to be used to
114:over-the-air television
1937:Television terminology
1932:Satellite broadcasting
1846:10-foot user interface
1643:Universal Media Server
1214:"ADB takes 'n' hybrid"
909:
834:flat-panel televisions
817:
610:interface that can be
588:
503:
502:Lenovo A30 set-top box
306:
175:
163:
44:
38:digital terrestrial TV
1706:HP MediaSmart Connect
1658:digital media players
1252:, ITU-T Press Release
1220:. 12 September 2009.
906:Pace Micro Technology
904:
864:interfaces built-in.
815:
776:Software alternatives
682:broadcast programming
583:
568:and an original push
501:
398:Closed captioning box
380:cable converter boxes
304:
169:
139:
89:, turning the source
79:information appliance
35:
1927:Consumer electronics
1891:Streaming television
1825:VBox Home TV Gateway
1523:Windows Media Center
1032:Digital media player
718:Convenience features
668:Programming features
454:television receivers
394:through television.
390:, pay per view, and
253:television receivers
251:of 1962 required US
110:satellite television
1594:Video Disk Recorder
1503:JRiver Media Center
1301:080322 computer.org
1218:broadbandtvnews.com
1108:"Welcome to Inview"
832:With the advent of
723:Controls on the box
657:Internet television
633:, phone lines, and
323:cable converter box
297:Cable converter box
69:, and historically
55:), also known as a
1701:Hauppauge MediaMVP
1436:at Headendinfo.com
1263:"Today - TV Guide"
1248:2009-02-21 at the
936:digital television
910:
908:DC757X set top box
869:computer terminals
818:
627:local area network
589:
504:
353:premium television
307:
176:
164:
71:television decoder
45:
1904:
1903:
1770:ATI Theater Cards
1348:"settopboxes.pdf"
1327:Los Angeles Times
1189:digitaltvnews.net
1112:Inview Technology
987:energy efficiency
970:Los Angeles Times
967:According to the
562:Inview Technology
458:analogue shutdown
404:closed captioning
132:TV signal sources
16:(Redirected from
1944:
1839:Related articles
1763:Related hardware
1464:
1457:
1450:
1441:
1440:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1408:. Archived from
1402:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1382:. Archived from
1376:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1317:
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1201:
1200:
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1175:
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1170:
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1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1132:. Archived from
1126:
1120:
1119:
1104:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1069:
1063:
1058:
955:therefore use a
945:Common Interface
650:cable television
551:three-way hybrid
365:Block conversion
310:Cable television
263:range (which in
198:line (including
192:cable television
162:is on the right.
106:cable television
21:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1907:
1906:
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1834:
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1624:(formerly XBMC)
1598:
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1527:
1474:
1471:Home theater PC
1468:
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1250:Wayback Machine
1241:
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1008:
983:
965:
921:component video
884:
830:
822:firmware update
810:
802:home automation
778:
766:content filters
758:
741:remote controls
737:
725:
720:
707:
694:
675:
670:
665:
604:streaming media
578:
520:video telephony
512:video on demand
496:
476:
470:
442:
436:
400:
388:video on demand
340:radio frequency
299:
293:
291:Cable converter
245:
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5:
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1666:Amazon Fire TV
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1604:Cross-platform
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1428:External links
1426:
1423:
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1303:
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1114:. 2013-07-26.
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1004:
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932:remote control
923:, or even an "
883:
880:
871:, such as the
829:
826:
809:
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777:
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757:
756:Parental locks
754:
736:
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729:remote control
724:
721:
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703:
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674:
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635:coaxial cables
577:
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472:Main article:
469:
466:
438:Main article:
435:
432:
399:
396:
295:Main article:
292:
289:
244:
241:
202:connections),
184:satellite dish
133:
130:
99:display device
87:television set
26:
9:
6:
4:
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1653:Set-top boxes
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1412:on 2012-05-12
1411:
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1386:on 2012-01-29
1385:
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1195:on 2012-02-27
1194:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:"About – DVB"
1150:
1136:on 2010-04-05
1135:
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1103:
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934:. The use of
933:
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823:
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763:
762:parental lock
753:
751:
747:
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732:
730:
715:
712:
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689:
687:
683:
679:
660:
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653:
651:
647:
646:optical fibre
643:
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632:
628:
624:
621:
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605:
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594:
587:
582:
576:IPTV receiver
573:
571:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
529:As examples,
527:
525:
521:
517:
516:time-shifting
513:
509:
500:
491:
489:
485:
484:rack mounting
481:
475:
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459:
455:
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417:
413:
409:
405:
395:
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392:home shopping
389:
385:
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361:digital cable
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288:
286:
282:
278:
275:on 54 to 890
274:
270:
266:
265:North America
262:
258:
254:
250:
243:UHF converter
240:
238:
235:
231:
228:
224:
220:
216:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:coaxial cable
185:
181:
173:
168:
161:
157:
153:
150:
146:
143:
138:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
1896:Video player
1881:Media server
1805:Monsoon HAVA
1711:Kaleidescape
1652:
1414:. Retrieved
1410:the original
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1384:the original
1374:
1362:. Retrieved
1342:
1331:. Retrieved
1325:
1315:
1306:
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1266:
1257:
1238:
1226:. Retrieved
1217:
1208:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:the original
1188:
1179:
1167:. Retrieved
1158:
1149:
1138:. Retrieved
1134:the original
1124:
1102:
1091:
1080:. Retrieved
1076:
1067:
1056:
1037:Microconsole
1027:DTV receiver
984:
968:
966:
929:
911:
885:
866:
846:
841:
831:
819:
794:Media Center
779:
759:
738:
726:
708:
695:
676:
654:
652:monopolies.
639:
608:home network
590:
559:
528:
505:
477:
443:
401:
377:
357:pay per view
319:
308:
273:2 through 83
246:
177:
160:power supply
145:demodulation
103:
74:
70:
66:
62:
56:
52:
48:
46:
40:receiver by
29:
1917:Set-top box
1876:Hybrid IPTV
1871:Home cinema
1518:ShowShifter
1508:MediaPortal
1000:sleep modes
996:Energy Star
876:thin client
849:demodulator
746:terrestrial
631:power lines
547:Movistar TV
535:terrestrial
428:video games
333:TV channels
247:Before the
237:video games
234:interactive
49:set-top box
18:Set-top-box
1911:Categories
1686:Chromecast
1671:Android TV
1416:2012-04-20
1390:2012-02-25
1364:2012-02-25
1333:2023-08-13
1199:2013-06-15
1140:2010-06-02
1130:"Webcasts"
1096:SMART IPTV
1082:2024-07-04
1048:References
981:Energy use
752:channels.
543:TelefĂłnica
494:Hybrid box
446:transition
384:descramble
348:television
65:or simply
1795:HDHomeRun
1716:Mediaroom
1696:Google TV
1681:Boxee Box
1589:Tvheadend
1579:Mythbuntu
1564:LibreELEC
1541:Front Row
1498:DVB Dream
1493:DVBViewer
1488:Beyond TV
1017:CableCARD
953:CableCARD
854:hard disk
800:copying,
790:Microsoft
786:Select-TV
692:Favorites
560:UK-based
416:profanity
315:channel 7
271:channels
230:web pages
196:telephone
182:cable, a
75:converter
63:receiver,
58:cable box
1886:Smart TV
1815:Slingbox
1810:Quiet PC
1800:Mac Mini
1780:Dreambox
1729:ReplayTV
1691:Dreambox
1676:Apple TV
1617:Jellyfin
1584:OpenELEC
1569:LinuxMCE
1355:Archived
1297:Archived
1277:28 April
1271:Archived
1246:Archived
1228:28 April
1222:Archived
1169:28 April
1163:Archived
1116:Archived
1006:See also
896:baseband
838:misnomer
750:internet
699:bookmark
663:Features
612:Ethernet
586:Motorola
566:Teletext
508:Smart TV
337:analogue
327:analogue
227:Internet
180:Ethernet
154:decoder
83:TV tuner
77:, is an
1720:MySDATV
1638:Serviio
1559:GeeXboX
1480:Windows
1267:itv.com
1159:dvb.org
858:network
842:digibox
618:or the
616:HomePNA
600:network
408:TV sets
215:antenna
149:Fujitsu
126:dongles
95:content
1744:Unibox
1633:SageTV
1574:MythTV
1012:AllVid
975:pay-TV
957:PCMCIA
925:insert
914:pay-TV
882:Europe
782:MythTV
420:V-chip
285:Mexico
281:Canada
269:NTSC-M
91:signal
1785:EyeTV
1775:DBox2
1749:WD TV
1551:Linux
1533:macOS
1358:(PDF)
1351:(PDF)
1077:PCMAG
994:meet
963:Costs
892:SCART
888:tuner
873:WebTV
739:Some
711:timer
705:Timer
620:ITU-T
412:audio
355:(aka
330:cable
223:audio
219:video
194:), a
190:(see
172:Sky Q
93:into
73:or a
1739:TiVo
1734:Roku
1628:Plex
1622:Kodi
1612:Emby
1279:2018
1230:2018
1171:2018
949:ATSC
947:and
788:and
760:The
748:and
709:The
642:ADSL
623:G.hn
593:IPTV
444:The
283:and
267:was
259:and
186:, a
152:MPEG
116:and
42:TEAC
951:'s
943:'s
941:DVB
918:RGB
862:USB
860:or
798:DVD
792:'s
764:or
686:ITV
644:or
637:).
591:In
570:VOD
448:to
373:VCR
369:UHF
344:VHF
277:MHz
261:UHF
257:VHF
212:UHF
210:or
208:VHF
200:DSL
156:CPU
67:box
53:STB
1913::
1353:.
1324:.
1295:.
1269:.
1265:.
1216:.
1187:.
1161:.
1157:.
1110:.
1075:.
856:,
784:,
597:IP
514:,
232:,
225:,
221:,
170:A
142:IF
112:,
108:,
61:,
47:A
1655:/
1463:e
1456:t
1449:v
1419:.
1393:.
1367:.
1336:.
1281:.
1232:.
1202:.
1173:.
1143:.
1085:.
697:"
555:n
51:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
