271:, had also been serjeant-painter (he himself had succeeded Thomas Highmore through family connections). Though Hogarth's salary for the post was only £10, it was potentially lucrative: Hogarth wrote that he was now "landed as it were and secured from tugging any longer at the ore". Hogarth found himself responsible for all royal commissions for painting and gilding—anything from palace decorations to flags and boxes. After paying workmen and a deputy, he reckoned five years later that he was making £200 a year profit as serjeant-painter. However, the office, which came under the Board of Works, was not as prestigious as Hogarth would have liked.
55:. It carried with it the prerogative of painting and gilding all of the King's residences, coaches, banners, etc. and it grossed over £1,000 in a good year by the 18th century. The work itself involved painting the palaces, coaches, royal barges, and all sorts of decorations for festivities, which often had to be designed as well. The actual involvement of the serjeant painters in this gradually declined. The post itself fell out of use in the 18th century, after a period when "fine art" painters were appointed, and expected to supervise rather than execute decorative painting, for a good salary.
33:
200:
most of the antiques about the windowes, that had bene galled and defaced, the two figures at the entrance being most new coloured and painted, the
Mercury and the lion that are fixed to the sternes of this and the row barge being in several places repayred both with gould and colours, as also the taffarils on the top of the barge in many parts guilded and strowed with fayre byse. The two figures of Justice and Fortitude most an end [
123:
191:
gould, whereon the number and figures specifying the planetary howers are inscribed; likewise certain letters drawne in black informing in what part of the compasse the sun at any time there shining shall be resident; the whole worke being circumferenced with a frett painted in a manner of a stone one, the compleat measure of the whole being six foote.
210:
Walpole also noted that de Critz painted a gilded "middle piece" for a ceiling at
Oaklands Palace and repaired pictures, and he quoted a wardrobe account for work on the royal carriages: "To John De Critz, serjeant-painter, for painting and gilding with good gold the body and carriages of two coaches
230:
Walpole said of de Critz that "His life is to be collected rather from office-books than from his works or his reputation"; and the comparative mundanity of some of the tasks he undertook has led to a downplaying of the artistic role of the serjeant-painter. Art historian
William Gaunt describes de
138:
The role of the serjeant painter was elastic in its definition of duties: it involved not just the painting of original portraits but of their reproductions in new versions, to be sent to other courts (King James, unlike
Elizabeth, was markedly averse to sitting for his portrait) as well as copying
199:
John De Critz demaundeth allowance for these parcells of Worke following, viz. For repayreing, refreshing, washing and varnishing the whole body of his
Majesty’s privy barge, and mending with fine gould and faire colours many and divers parts thereof, as about the chaire of state, the doores, and
190:
For several times oyling and laying with fayre white a stone for a sun-dyall opposite to some part of the king and queen’s lodgings, the lines thereof being drawn in severall colours, the letters directing to the bowers guilded with fine gould, as alsoe the glory, and a scrowle guilded with fine
155:
of "all manner of portraits and pictures" of the Queen, "excepting only one
Nicholas Hilliard, to whom it shall or may be lawful to exercise and make portraits, pictures, or proportions of our body and person in small compass in limning only" (Hilliard's monopoly was signed). At the time,
377:
succeeded his father on his death in March 1642, having probably been doing most of the work for some years, as his father was over ninety when he died. John the
Younger died in the fighting at Oxford soon after, by which stage Charles I was very short of palaces or barges to
206:] being quite new painted and guilded. The border on the outside of the bulk being new layd with faire white and trayled over with greene according to the custom heretofore—and for baying and colouring the whole number of the oares for the row barge being thirty-six.
164:. This was regarded as the highest form of painting, while easel painting "in large" was still associated with interior decorating. In 1606, Hilliard seems to have trodden on the toes of the serjeant-painter John de Critz when he put himself forward to paint the tomb of
307:
from 1544, who died in office in 1554. He was the first
Serjeant Painter who can be evidenced as an artist rather than an artisan. None of his paintings are known to survive, but his New Year gifts to Henry, presumably his own work, are documented as including a
249:, who was appointed serjeant-painter in 1757, even poked fun at the post himself, after receiving the grandiose official patent, which referred to him as "Our Trusty and wellbeloved William Hogarth Gentleman". Among other duties, including the "
371:, on Fryer's death in 1607, he had been painter to the Prince of Wales since 1610. Peake tended to paint royal portraits while De Critz supervised a large department that painted and decorated royal residences and palaces. Peake died in 1619.
186:, who had met acquaintances of de Critz and his family. In particular, Walpole quoted from a scrap of paper, a "memorandum in his own hand", on which de Critz wrote bills for jobs completed. On one side was his bill for work on a sun-dial:
241:
A great deal of easy fun has been poked at the institution of the serjeant-painters, because these had to attend to tasks such as downright house-painting, the painting of barges and coaches, the provision of banners and streamers, and so
146:
The lines of demarcation between the work of the serjeant-painters and that of other artists employed by the court sometimes needed clarification. A patent drafted in 1584, but apparently never signed, gave the serjeant-painter
253:, the patent covered "Our Navys and Shops Barges and Close Barges Coaches Chariots Charoches Litters Wagons and Close Carrs Tents & Pavilions Heralds Coats Trumpets Banners". Hogarth made up his own mock version:
114:
Jr, a list of previous serjeant-painters is given, including "John
Decreetz & Robert Peake" as joint-holders of the post. De Critz was given the post in 1603 but is first described as sharing the office with
257:...know ye that I for divers good causes and considerations as hereunto especial moving of our especial grace and our certain knowledge and meer motion have given and granted and by these presents to [
99:
was devised, at a retainer of £200 p.a.; this continued until Queen
Victoria and was nearly always given to a portraitist. By the 18th century most of the work was done by assistants. In 1720
932:
Anecdotes of Painting in England: With Some Account of the Principal Artists, and Notes on other Arts, Collected by the Late George Vertue. Digested and Published from his Original MSS, Vol II
720:
110:
The last known holder was James Stewart, of whom no records are available after 1782, though it is not clear whether the post was ever actually abolished. In a patent issued on 7 May 1679 for
392:
believed that he was. According to art historian Ellis Waterhouse, the only evidence for Dobson's appointment as serjeant-painter derives from a note by the eighteenth-century antiquarian
119:, who had held it since 1595. Robert Peake was appointed jointly with de Critz in 1607, or 1610. A payment made to de Critz in 1633 shows that he was paid a retainer of £40 a year.
427:
374:
458:
480:
294:
91:. Gower and De Critz were reputable artists, as was Peake, and these appointments mark a stage in the divorce of the position from the actual work involved. For
284:
983:
331:, as they first appear in the accounts just after Wolsey's fall in October 1529. "Toto" had been signed on in Florence in 1519 as an assistant to
344:
275:
was employed to paint leading members of the court and able to charge much higher prices than Hogarth, as a result of direct court patronage.
168:, claiming that he had "skill to make more radiant colours like unto enamels than yet is to Painters known". Hilliard reports in a letter to
287:, heraldic painter since 1502, appointed "King's Painter" in 1511/12, and as the first Serjeant Painter in 1527, when the imported artist
263:] give and grant to my trusty and wellbeloved WH gentleman the office of scene painter and corporal Painter to all my whatsoever...
406:. He was also a prominent politician and a well-known playwright. He is believed to have designed the scenery and machines for the
67:, they seem to have acted as at least foremen for the actual workers; from 1527, better artists were made "King's Painter", like
172:, that the recently appointed De Critz had reminded him that any painting of the royal tomb was "within the Serjeant's patent".
998:
993:
988:
930:
773:
356:
169:
116:
267:
Hogarth succeeded his brother-in-law John Thornhill, who had fallen ill and resigned the post. Hogarth's father-in-law,
964:
916:
897:
862:
839:
17:
341:(or Lizard / Lisory) held the post from 1554 to 1571. Lyzarde had worked for the Office of the Revels since 1544.
504:
Art historian William Gaunt points out, however, that "it was scarcely a time for such ceremonial appointments".
96:
63:
The post of serjeant-painter came into being with the appointment of John Browne in 1511–12. In the time of
319:(1540/41). He had an Italian colleague Bartolommeo Penni, brother of the much more distinguished Luca and
420:
noted him as "a very civil little man and lame but lives very handsomely". He painted the ceiling of the
545:
The Serjeant-Painters. The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 84, No. 493 (Apr., 1944), 80-82.
517:
399:
474:
407:
384:
became the painter of the royal family and court during the difficult period of 1642–46, during the
451:, pupil of Thomas Highmore, from 1720; he was knighted the same year, and two years later became a
291:
took over as "King's Painter" – now the superior position. Browne died in office in December 1532.
1003:
495:"On the death of Vandyck, Dobson was appointed serjeant-painter, and groom of the privy-chamber".
362:
410:, which opened in May 1663. Howard resigned the position of Serjeant Painter in that same year.
437:
368:
165:
88:
76:
416:
or Streeter was appointed in 1663. He was essentially a topographical or landscape painter.
889:
64:
452:
250:
8:
403:
320:
304:
233:
161:
87:
at £40 a year (a good salary) together with another - first Leonard Fryer, and from 1610
874:
546:
421:
80:
52:
960:
953:
912:
893:
858:
851:
835:
385:
332:
157:
143:, and many decorative tasks, for example scene painting and the painting of banners.
948:
338:
140:
92:
32:
468:
464:
448:
441:
433:
413:
328:
288:
272:
268:
246:
126:
111:
104:
100:
68:
926:
389:
388:. It is not recorded that he was officially appointed serjeant-painter, though
381:
175:
977:
393:
183:
84:
48:
417:
350:
148:
72:
36:
300:
195:
On the other side is a demand for payment for work on the royal barge:
178:
provided information about some of the tasks de Critz performed in his
122:
550:
881:
152:
832:
Hilliard and Oliver: The Lives and Works of Two Great Miniaturists
324:
311:
959:(4th ed.). Penguin Books (now Yale History of Art series).
885:
461:, son of Sir James, until shortly before his death in 1757.
571:
The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 84, No. 493
211:
and the carriage of one chariot and other necessaries, 179
259:
202:
853:
Court Painting in England from Tudor to Victorian Times
467:, brother-in-law of John Thornhill and son-in-law to
327:'s right hand man. Both probably came to Henry from
335:, who in fact left England for good later that year.
303:", really Antonio di Nunziato d'Antonio, a pupil of
477:, succeeded William Hogarth upon his death in 1764.
160:was the leading artist in limning, the painting of
952:
873:
850:
582:Mary Edmond, "New Light on Jacobean Painters", in
569:"The Serjeant-Painters" (unsigned editorial), in
139:and restoring portraits by other painters in the
975:
365:from 1603 until he died in 1642, later joined by
27:British royal paintmaster up to the 18th-century
483:to 1782 or perhaps later, the last appointment.
231:Critz's role as "mainly that of a handyman". A
103:was appointed Serjeant Painter and, in 1757,
984:Positions within the British Royal Household
772:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWaterhouse (
278:
47:was an honourable and lucrative position as
947:
911:(1998 ed.). London: Faber and Faber.
584:The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 118, No. 875
71:. They may have also painted portraits.
39:, self-portrait, 1579, private collection.
436:, to 1720. Appointed serjeant-painter to
182:, which he based closely on the notes of
121:
31:
935:(1849 ed.). London: Henry. G. Bohn
925:
871:
743:
523:
14:
976:
829:
767:
633:
631:
596:
594:
592:
565:
563:
561:
559:
906:
848:
786:
755:
681:
679:
660:
658:
656:
617:
615:
603:
644:
471:, from 1757 until his death in 1764.
628:
589:
556:
24:
676:
653:
612:
25:
1015:
876:Hogarth: His Life, Art, and Times
576:
816:. See Serjeant Painter in Index.
800:Dictionary of National Biography
180:Anecdotes of Painting in England
823:
812:Details from Ellis Waterhouse,
806:
792:
780:
761:
749:
737:
725:
714:
701:
696:Guide to the Loseley Collection
688:
667:
498:
489:
955:Painting in Britain, 1530-1790
814:Painting in Britain, 1530-1790
539:
530:
13:
1:
999:18th-century English painters
994:17th-century English painters
989:16th-century English painters
698:, (1955/2000), 86, L. b. 258.
402:was appointed in 1660 at the
97:Principal Painter in Ordinary
872:Paulson, Ronald Ian (1971).
694:Folger Shakespeare Library,
353:1581 until his death in 1596
170:Robert Cecil, Lord Salisbury
7:
909:Hogarth: A Life and a World
511:
133:
10:
1020:
733:Hilliard & Oliver, 99.
518:Artists of the Tudor Court
430:, junr., son of the above.
424:, Oxford. He died in 1679.
58:
375:John de Critz the Younger
279:List of serjeant painters
129:. John de Critz, c.1605.
849:Gaunt, William (1980).
834:. London: Robert Hale.
721:Biography from the Tate
586:, February 1976, 74–83.
440:. Uncle of the painter
363:John de Critz the Elder
317:Story of King Alexander
639:Hilliard & Oliver,
623:Hilliard & Oliver,
408:Bridges Street Theatre
369:Robert Peake the Elder
347:or Heron, 1572 to 1580
265:
244:
208:
193:
130:
89:Robert Peake the Elder
79:in 1581, and in 1603,
40:
907:Uglow, Jenny (1997).
890:Yale University Press
857:. London: Constable.
830:Edmond, Mary (1983).
709:Hilliard & Oliver
255:
251:Office of the Revels"
239:
197:
188:
125:
35:
524:Notes and references
453:Member of Parliament
359:1596-1605, joined by
237:editorial remarked:
802:. 1900. p. 83.
404:English Restoration
305:Ridolfo Ghirlandajo
269:Sir James Thornhill
234:Burlington Magazine
162:portrait miniatures
101:Sir James Thornhill
455:. He died in 1734.
422:Sheldonian Theatre
131:
41:
949:Waterhouse, Ellis
600:Walpole, 365–366.
573:, April 1944, 81.
400:Sir Robert Howard
386:English Civil War
333:Pietro Torrigiano
158:Nicholas Hilliard
75:was appointed by
16:(Redirected from
1011:
970:
958:
944:
942:
940:
922:
903:
879:
868:
856:
845:
817:
810:
804:
803:
796:
790:
784:
778:
777:
765:
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
718:
712:
705:
699:
692:
686:
683:
674:
671:
665:
662:
651:
648:
642:
635:
626:
619:
610:
607:
601:
598:
587:
580:
574:
567:
554:
543:
537:
534:
505:
502:
496:
493:
339:Nicholas Lyzarde
315:(1538/39) and a
141:royal collection
95:the position of
93:Anthony van Dyck
45:Serjeant Painter
21:
18:Sergeant Painter
1019:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1008:
974:
973:
967:
938:
936:
927:Walpole, Horace
919:
900:
865:
842:
826:
821:
820:
811:
807:
798:
797:
793:
785:
781:
771:
766:
762:
754:
750:
742:
738:
730:
726:
719:
715:
706:
702:
693:
689:
685:Waterhouse, 27.
684:
677:
672:
668:
663:
654:
649:
645:
636:
629:
620:
613:
608:
604:
599:
590:
581:
577:
568:
557:
544:
540:
536:Paulson, 86, 90
535:
531:
526:
514:
509:
508:
503:
499:
494:
490:
475:Benjamin Wilson
465:William Hogarth
449:James Thornhill
442:Joseph Highmore
434:Thomas Highmore
428:Robert Streeter
414:Robert Streater
329:Cardinal Wolsey
289:Lucas Horenbout
281:
273:Joshua Reynolds
247:William Hogarth
166:Queen Elizabeth
136:
127:Anne of Denmark
112:Robert Streater
105:William Hogarth
69:Lucas Horenbout
61:
53:English monarch
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1017:
1007:
1006:
1004:Court painters
1001:
996:
991:
986:
972:
971:
965:
945:
923:
917:
904:
898:
869:
863:
846:
840:
825:
822:
819:
818:
805:
791:
779:
760:
748:
736:
724:
713:
700:
687:
675:
666:
652:
643:
627:
611:
602:
588:
575:
555:
538:
528:
527:
525:
522:
521:
520:
513:
510:
507:
506:
497:
487:
486:
485:
484:
478:
472:
462:
459:John Thornhill
456:
445:
431:
425:
411:
397:
390:Horace Walpole
382:William Dobson
379:
372:
366:
360:
354:
348:
342:
336:
297:
292:
280:
277:
176:Horace Walpole
135:
132:
60:
57:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1016:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
979:
968:
966:0-14-056101-3
962:
957:
956:
950:
946:
934:
933:
928:
924:
920:
918:0-571-19376-5
914:
910:
905:
901:
899:0-300-01766-9
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
877:
870:
866:
864:0-09-461870-4
860:
855:
854:
847:
843:
841:0-7090-0927-5
837:
833:
828:
827:
815:
809:
801:
795:
789:, p. 144
788:
783:
775:
769:
764:
758:, p. 113
757:
752:
746:, p. 351
745:
740:
734:
728:
722:
717:
710:
704:
697:
691:
682:
680:
670:
661:
659:
657:
647:
640:
634:
632:
624:
618:
616:
606:
597:
595:
593:
585:
579:
572:
566:
564:
562:
560:
552:
548:
542:
533:
529:
519:
516:
515:
501:
492:
488:
482:
481:James Stewart
479:
476:
473:
470:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
450:
446:
443:
439:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
419:
415:
412:
409:
405:
401:
398:
395:
394:William Oldys
391:
387:
383:
380:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
357:Leonard Fryer
355:
352:
349:
346:
345:William Herne
343:
340:
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:Gianfrancesco
318:
314:
313:
306:
302:
298:
296:
295:Andrew Wright
293:
290:
286:
283:
282:
276:
274:
270:
264:
262:
261:
254:
252:
248:
243:
238:
236:
235:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
207:
205:
204:
196:
192:
187:
185:
184:George Vertue
181:
177:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
150:
144:
142:
128:
124:
120:
118:
117:Leonard Fryer
113:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:John de Critz
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
56:
54:
50:
49:court painter
46:
38:
34:
30:
19:
954:
937:. Retrieved
931:
908:
875:
852:
831:
824:Bibliography
813:
808:
799:
794:
782:
770:, p. 80
763:
751:
744:Walpole 1849
739:
732:
727:
716:
708:
703:
695:
690:
669:
646:
638:
622:
605:
583:
578:
570:
541:
532:
500:
491:
418:Samuel Pepys
351:George Gower
316:
309:
266:
258:
256:
245:
240:
232:
229:
224:
220:
216:
212:
209:
201:
198:
194:
189:
179:
174:
149:George Gower
145:
137:
109:
73:George Gower
62:
44:
42:
37:George Gower
29:
939:13 December
673:Uglow, 597.
664:Uglow, 598.
438:William III
310:Calumny of
301:Antony Toto
285:John Browne
77:Elizabeth I
978:Categories
787:Gaunt 1980
768:Waterhouse
756:Gaunt 1980
650:Gaunt, 53.
609:Gaunt, 52.
83:appointed
65:Henry VIII
882:New Haven
469:Sir James
51:with the
951:(1978).
929:(1849).
731:Edmond,
707:Edmond,
637:Edmond,
621:Edmond,
512:See also
153:monopoly
134:The role
325:Raphael
312:Apelles
227:1634."
81:James I
59:History
963:
915:
896:
886:London
861:
838:
711:, 153.
551:868751
549:
378:paint.
547:JSTOR
961:ISBN
941:2007
913:ISBN
894:ISBN
859:ISBN
836:ISBN
774:help
447:Sir
225:anno
151:the
43:The
641:43.
625:77.
260:sic
242:on.
203:sic
980::
892:.
888::
884:,
880:.
678:^
655:^
630:^
614:^
591:^
558:^
323:,
223:.
219:.4
215:.3
107:.
969:.
943:.
921:.
902:.
867:.
844:.
776:)
553:.
444:.
396:.
299:"
221:d
217:s
213:l
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
