54:, the Italian colonial administration had divided the colony into eight provinces (administrative regions) called Akele Guzay(its capital, Adikeyh), Barka(Agordat), Denkalia(Assab), Hamasien(Asmara), Sahel(Nakfa), Semhar(Massawa), Senhit(Keren) and Serae(Mendefera). These administrative regions relied heavily upon the historical political boundaries in the region, including, but not exclusively, that of local nobility. These provinces of Eritrea were also used by the Federated Eritrean Government from 1952 to 1962 and as districts (
562:
86:
740:' peacefully across his country. However, the names of these kingdoms disappeared after the fourth century A.D. Following the fall of Aksum as a united kingdom after the Hamiti Beja tribes overran the Eritrean highlands in the 8th century A.D., the province serae formed an independent state under the administration of its ruler who was called 'Cantibai'. Some scholars wrote that the name Serae origin comes from the
978:
736:. He also mentions 'Sarawi' as one of the people he subjugated. Furthermore, he mention that he subjugated the king of 'Sarati', (this name crops up in different forms of one of which is Sarawi. It stands for the Eritrean province of 'Serae'), and says that he came to an understanding with him concerning the passage of trade caravans to '
769:
19th century. In 1938 again the book of native law code was written of elderly and knowledgeable people from seven villages (Adi
Mongonti, Mayduma, Kudo Felasi, Bet Gabriel, Qine Hayela, Adi Hyis, and May Leham) representing the whole awraja Serae except the Logo Tchiwa which had its own codes in addition to the
701:) and was home of the Aksumite capital of Axum town and it was bounded by lands of Akele Guzay in the east, Hamassien in the North, it borders Temben, Endrta and Wolkayt to the south and Gash-Setit in the west During this Axumite period, the region became a successful trading region as it lay between the
768:
in the 1600s, burning churches and killing the believers and progressing northwards from present-day eastern
Ethiopia and Somaliland, as a result the book was lost/burnt at that time. The people of Serae were administered without the book verbally until the arrival of the Italians in the end of the
372:
The former province
Hamassien was the political and economic center of Eritrea; judging from excavations in the Sembel area outside Asmara, it has been so since at least the 9th century BC. The earliest surviving appearance of the name "Hamasien" is believed to have been the region ḤMS²M, i.e. ḤMŠ,
1080:
With further detailed references see
Wolbert Smidt: "Law: Traditional Law Books", in: ebd., 516-18. See also the article on the law of Ḥamasen: Wolbert Smidt: "Ḥəggi Habsəllus Gäräkəstos", in: Siegbert Uhlig (ed.): Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag 2007, vol. 3 (He-N), p.
1041:
Nyssen, J., Tesfaalem
Ghebreyohannes, Hailemariam Meaza, Dondeyne, S., 2020. Exploration of a medieval African map (Aksum, Ethiopia) – How do historical maps fit with topography? In: De Ryck, M., Nyssen, J., Van Acker, K., Van Roy, W., Liber Amicorum: Philippe De Maeyer In Kaart. Wachtebeke
546:: ሰራየ) is a former province of Eritrea which had an estimated population of 515,000 in 1990 (the most populous province) and an area of 8,608 km (3,324 sq mi). The province is home to two of the Eritrean ethnic groups namely the
448:, Hamasien was occupied by the Italians, who incorporated it into their colony of Eritrea and making one of its villages, Asmara, the capital of the colony, a status it retains today as the capital of the sovereign country of Eritrea.
69:, the Provisional Government of Eritrea converted the original eight provinces of Eritrea (from the Italian colonial period) to nine provinces by splitting the Barka province in two (the north known as Barka Province and the south as
796:
declares that "There was no administration that connected Serae and
Hamassien to the centre of the Ethiopian Kingdom. Most of Serae and Akeleguzay are together now inside the Southern region of Eritrea.
558:
Region, though some western districts have become part of the Gash-Barka region. It is believed that the name of the province is from the "dark forests" which once thrived on its fertile ground.
392:
During the early medieval centuries, it was ruled by the Raesis of the Hazega and
Tseazega Raesi Woldemichael Solomon Gomida and the Bahri negasi making their center of administration in
123:
ethnic groups. Akele Guzai is home to more than three-fourths of the total Saho-speaking population in
Eritrea. The Tigrinya people of Akele Guzai are mostly followers of the
436:. With the decline of the importance of the Midri Bahri in the 17th century, the province enjoyed a period of communal rule under councils of village elders, the so-called
1231:
History of
Eritrea, Old Races In Eritrea, Written by Othoman Saleh Sabe, translated by Muhamad Fawaz al-Azem. Published 1970 by Dar al-Masirah in Beirut, Lebanon, p19
760:
existed until the 1600s. The province had its own written native administration codes that was used from the beginning of the 1400AD, which was named as the law of
325:. Hamassien province had a population of 623,000 people in 1987 and an area of 4,400 km. In 1996 the province was divided and distributed amongst the modern
151:
Akele Guzai is one of the most ancient regions of
Eritrea. It has an inscriptional record going back to at least the 9th century BC, the earliest example of the
756:
681:
424:
948:
400:, writing in the early 16th century, the Raesi of the Tseazegas (Habtesulus) had been able to collect tax by extending their authority almost as far as
77:
from the rest of Hamasien. On April 15, 1996, the Government of Eritrea converted the then nine provinces of Eritrea into six administrative regions.
770:
761:
42:
until the conversion of the provinces into administrative regions. Many of the provinces had their own local laws since the 13th century.
490:, Afar, Saho and Tigrinya. The Tigre and Tigrinya language are mainly spoken. The population is mainly pastoralist and agro-pastroalist.
256:; southern Akele Guzai and Agame were part of "Upper" (La'ilay) Bur, while the lowlands were further distinguished as "Lower" (Tahtay).
1335:
773:. This Law had more liberal customs and low restrictions on women's rights for land ownership than any other laws in the country.
1325:
1029:
Wolbert Smidt: "Ḥamasen," in Siegbert Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005).
1304:"Proceedings of the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal of the International League for the Rights and Liberation of Peoples".
1067:
Le" Futuh al-Habasa" : écriture de l’histoire, guerre et société dans le Bar Sa’ad ad-din (Ethiopie, XVIe siècle)
115:. The province's estimated population was 460,000 in 1990 and had an area of 8400 km2 km, is mostly consisted of
1250:
1195:
1134:
124:
1330:
901:, "Review: Excavations at Aksum: An Account of Research at the Ancient Ethiopian Capital Directed in 1972-74", in
364:
communities. Hamasien was politically influential within the Eritrean highlands, in Eritrea and the whole region.
1268:
History of Eritrea, translated by Muhamad Fawaz al-Azem. Published 1970 by Dar al-Masirah in Beirut, Lebanon, p34
1054:
Smidt W (2003) Cartography, in: Uhlig S (ed.): Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, vol. 1: 688-691
828:
History of Eritrea, translated by Muhamad Fawaz al-Azem. Published 1970 by Dar al-Masirah in Beirut, Lebanon, p19
663:
Serae/Seraye which in old books called as Sarawi (ሰራዊ) is an ancient entity which was a region of the Kingdom of
791:
482:
when the number and names of provinces were unilaterally changed in 1996. The province was thinly settled with
349:
1004:
Adugna, Aynalem(1984) The spatial pattern in the Ethiopian population, p.200, Durham theses, Durham University
898:
199:
198:. This connection has been rejected by linguists in modern times, however, due to the lack of the middle
221:, where the capital was located), with a distinct sub-culture that separate the central Axumite land of
1158:
493:
It is a common name for Eritrean females and at times males as well. Semhar is also a city in Eritrea.
66:
923:
858:
180:
people). If the note regarding the Gaze is accurate, it would connect the name of Akele Guzai to the
140:
415:
in the 15th century. It was governed by a chief called Zarsanāy in the sixteenth century during the
570:
479:
295:
291:
136:
203:
478:
is the name of a former province of Eritrea, which has now become almost incorporated into the
352:
and are members of the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church, with a considerable minority from the
173:
17:
889:. The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), 1972. p.173.
397:
8:
1065:
777:
1129:. Crawford Young. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press. 1993. pp. 183–184.
955:. Newsletter of the Society of Africanist Archaeologists in America, May 1977, pp. 6-18.
1152:
806:
511:
was a former province of Eritrea until 1996, when it was absorbed into the present-day
459:
was a former province of Eritrea until 1996, when it was absorbed into the present-day
445:
104:
321:: ሓማሴን) is a historical province including and surrounding the Eritrean capital named
1246:
1191:
1140:
1130:
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751:
Serae appears on indigenous maps of the northern Horn of Africa in the 15th century.
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who enforced traditional laws which had prevailed uniquely in the region alongside
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378:
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177:
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was a province of Eritrea until 1996, when it was divided between the present-day
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mentions several peoples he had subjugated and refers to himself as the ruler of
547:
502:
152:
51:
951:, "Some Data for the study of Cultural History in Ancient Northern Ethiopia" in
780:'s allegations and grants of control of the country of the Bahri negesitat the
539:
516:
464:
416:
412:
357:
253:
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authority since ancient times. Following the death of Emperor Yohannes at the
290:
was a province of Eritrea until 1996, when it was divided between present-day
1319:
1090:
781:
672:
429:
382:
249:
1144:
903:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
389:
times by Ancient Egyptian records as 'MSW (i.e. "Amasu"), a region of Punt.
240:, parts of southern Akele Guzai were briefly part of the larger province of
1222:, Corpus Scriiptorum Christianorum Orientalium:Scriptores aethiopics, p.217
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551:
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386:
241:
561:
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99:(ምድረ ቡር ) was a historical province of Eritrea until 1996 when the newly
34:
existed since pre-Axumite times and became administrative provinces from
338:
268:
70:
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in the province of Seraye. Historically Serae includes Tigray proper (
1126:
The Rising tide of cultural pluralism : the nation-state at bay?
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543:
314:
226:
116:
108:
90:
1210:
Bertrand(1845) Voyage en Abyssinie execute pendant lesannees, p.106
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of the International League for the Rights and Liberation of Peoples
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176:(which later medieval Greek notes in the margins associate with the
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869:
361:
195:
59:
764:. The book existed until the come of the anti Christian jihadist
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702:
686:
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483:
393:
279:. It had an area of 12,819 mi (20630.180736000002 km).
276:
100:
55:
35:
1308:. Rome, Italy: Research and Information Centre on Eritrea. 1984.
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1279:
John G.Jackson, Ethiopia and the origin of civilization, p29
839:
Fattovich, Rodolfo, "Akkälä Guzay" in Uhlig, Siegbert, ed.
710:
698:
690:
217:, it was a main center of Aksumite culture (second only to
995:
885:, "The Christian Topography and the Kingdom of Axum" in
135:. The province of Akele Guzai is now mostly part of the
1070:. l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. p. 336.
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Today the region is home to twelve monasteries of the
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as well as a number of new factories in the town of
554:. It has since been incorporated primarily into the
486:
as the provincial capital. The population is mainly
422:
Hamassien would be ruled by a governor known as the
411:Hamsien appears on indigenous maps of the northern
1037:
1035:
1297:
1110:Transitional justice: framing a model for Eritrea
856:. Edinburgh: University Press, 1991. Page 187 in
385:. The region may have been mentioned as early as
1317:
1213:
919:Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity
854:Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity
843:. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, 2003, p. 169.
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1048:
1032:
905:. School of Oriental and African Studies, 1992.
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1245:. University of California Press. p. 27.
1113:(Thesis thesis). University of the Free State.
1097:(Lawrenceville: Red Sea,1996), chapters 11-13
968:: A-C. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, 2003.
501:"Senhit" redirects here. For the singer, see
168:Akele Guzai's name has been connected to the
73:Province), while at the same time separating
1045:
1017:(Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 21.
979:"how big is barka, eritrea - Google Search"
348:Hamasien's population predominantly follow
103:government consolidated all provinces into
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14:
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1095:Ras Alula and the Scramble for Africa
1042:(Belgium): University Press: 165-178.
1020:
921:. Edinburgh: University Press, 1991.
1107:Mekonnen, Daniel Rezene (May 2008).
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298:regions of Eritrea. Its capital was
58:) in Eritrea when it was annexed by
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190:(Ge'ez speakers) of the Kingdom of
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125:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
1188:Historical Dictionary of Eritrea
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206:, which is usually preserved in
131:are predominantly majority from
38:'s incorporation as a colony of
1336:Eritrea geography-related lists
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964:"Bur" in Uhlig, Siegbert, ed.
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599:Enda Azmach Oqbit እንዳዝማች ዑቕቢት
667:, which would evolve in the
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626:Medri Wedi’Sebera ምድሪ ወዲ’ሰበራ
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1326:Former provinces of Eritrea
1174:Eritrean amputee statistics
899:Alfred Felix Landon Beeston
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792:Permanent Peoples' Tribunal
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200:voiced pharyngeal fricative
155:. The province was part of
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1241:G. Marcus, Harold (1994).
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275:regions. Its capital was
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887:The Geographical Journal
596:Mai Tsa'eda ማይጻዕዳ/ ማጫዕዳ
571:Eritrean Orthodox Church
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515:region. Its capital was
463:region. Its capital was
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229:with the costal Land of
194:in Eritrea and northern
1331:Subdivisions of Eritrea
1190:. The Scarecrow Press.
565:Seraye map until 1990's
480:Northern Red Sea Region
137:Northern Red Sea Region
1157:: CS1 maint: others (
650:Medri Felasi ምድሪ ፈላሲ
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244:, which also included
93:
1243:A History of Ethiopia
1186:Killion, Tom (1998).
732:(Saba') and Rydan in
685:would be centered in
632:Zaide'kolom ዛይደ'ኮሎም
617:Harfe Gurotto ሃርፈጒረቶ
564:
174:Monumentum Adulitanum
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248:, some northeastern
32:provinces of Eritrea
1013:Richard Pankhurst,
790:Proceedings of the
786:Solomonic dynasties
778:emperor of Ethiopia
677:Solomonic dynasties
644:Etan Zere ዕጣን ዘርአ
641:Kuno Redae ኲኖ ረዳእ
623:Deqi Aites ደቂ ጣዒስ
620:Deqi Digna ደቂ ድግና
434:Solomonic dynasties
377:inscription of the
62:from 1962 to 1991.
1306:Session on Eritrea
1064:Chekroun, Amélie.
852:Stuart Munro-Hay,
807:Regions of Eritrea
602:Deqi Bokhri ደቂ ቦኽሪ
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446:Battle of Gallabat
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